CN113348996A - Cultivation method for improving seedling rate and yield of ratoon rice in hilly area - Google Patents

Cultivation method for improving seedling rate and yield of ratoon rice in hilly area Download PDF

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CN113348996A
CN113348996A CN202110685780.8A CN202110685780A CN113348996A CN 113348996 A CN113348996 A CN 113348996A CN 202110685780 A CN202110685780 A CN 202110685780A CN 113348996 A CN113348996 A CN 113348996A
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rice
fertilizer
yield
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seedling
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段秀建
张巫军
李经勇
姚雄
刘强明
唐永群
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Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A01G22/22—Rice
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0237—Devices for protecting a specific part of a plant, e.g. roots, trunk or fruits
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving seedling rate and yield of ratoon rice in hilly areas. Manually harvesting rice ears in the first cropping rice nine-maturing period, manually cutting piles for the second time to reserve the regenerated rice after the regenerated buds grow sheaths and see seedlings, wherein the height of the reserved piles is 30-40cm, and covering the cut upper stem leaves on the rice piles. Solves the problems of high-temperature burn to the regenerated buds and low living bud rate due to high temperature and drought in summer, and the difficulty in realizing high yield of the regenerated rice. The method realizes the aims of multiple ears and high yield of the regenerated rice and increasing the economic benefit of rice planting.

Description

Cultivation method for improving seedling rate and yield of ratoon rice in hilly area
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving seedling rate and yield of ratoon rice in hilly areas.
Background
The rice is one of the main grain crops of China, and the key for ensuring the grain safety of China is to stably improve the rice yield. At present, the increase of the sowing area of rice is unrealistic, the increase of the yield per unit of rice is more and more difficult, and the improvement of the multiple cropping index is a key measure for ensuring the high and stable yield of the rice. The ratoon rice is a planting system that after first season rice is harvested, dormant buds surviving on rice piles germinate into ears and then harvest rice in one season, so that double harvest is realized, and multiple cropping index is improved. Because the light and warm light resources are fully utilized, the growth period is short, and the rice has the advantages of high daily yield, excellent rice quality, labor saving, seed saving and the like. The method is an important measure for improving the multiple cropping index, increasing the rice yield per unit area and increasing the economic income of farmers for planting rice with more heat in the south of China and planting rice with insufficient heat in the double cropping or planting rice in the double cropping area. The development of the ratoon rice is also an effective way for ensuring the effective supply of the grain and the national grain safety.
The paddy field is small and scattered commonly existing in hilly areas in south China, the huge rolling of rice piles by traditional mechanical harvesting causes practical difficulty in storing and retaining the regenerated rice, the rice which can be harvested in one season is difficult to obtain, and the waste of warm and light resources in autumn is caused. In order to further improve the comprehensive productivity of the rice and exploit the yield potential of the ratooning rice. The invention provides a cultivation method for improving seedling rate and yield of ratoon rice in hilly areas, and solves the problems that the ratoon rice is difficult to realize high yield due to low survival rate and high-temperature burn of ratoon rice caused by high-temperature drought in summer.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a cultivation method for improving the seedling rate and the yield of ratoon rice in hilly areas. The method can produce better benefits and economic benefits.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a cultivation method for improving seedling rate and yield of ratoon rice in hilly areas comprises the following steps:
and (3) manually harvesting rice ears in the first-season rice nine-mature period, manually cutting piles for the second time to store the regenerated rice after the regenerated rice sprouts to form sheaths and seedlings, wherein the height of the reserved piles is 30-40cm, and covering the cut upper stem leaves on the rice piles.
Preferably, the cultivation method for improving the seedling rate and the yield of the ratoon rice in the hilly area comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection: selecting a dominant high-quality rice variety which has moderate growth period, good lodging resistance, strong regeneration capacity and excellent rice quality and is suitable for local production;
(2) early sowing at proper time: when the average daily temperature reaches more than 12 ℃, namely seeding is carried out before and after 10 days in 3 months every year and no later than 15 days in 3 months, the seedlings are cultivated by a plastic hard disk mud seedling raising method, and the seeding amount of each disk is 70g dry grains/disk;
(3) transplanting in a proper period: timely transplanting when the leaf age of the seedling reaches 4 leaves and 1 heart and the seedling age is 30-35 days, completing transplanting before 4 months and 15 days, wherein the transplanting mode can adopt manual or mechanical transplanting;
(4) fertilizer application: applying nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to the first season rice 1-2 days before transplanting, applying regenerated rice grain bud fertilizer to the first season rice 7 days after heading, and applying regenerated rice seedling growing fertilizer to the first season rice 3 days after cutting the first season rice pile;
(5) water content management: water content management: the first season rice water management is that a water layer is kept in the early stage of tillering to promote low-position tillering; in the tillering stage, dry-wet alternative irrigation is kept, and when the tiller number reaches 80% of the effective spike, the field is sunned until the field cracks and white roots appear in the field; rehydrating until young ear differentiation period, and keeping shallow water layer on the field surface; the dry-wet alternative state is kept in the grouting and fructification period, and the survival rate of the regeneration bud is improved; draining the field water about one week before harvesting the first season rice; and (3) managing the moisture of the ratoon rice, immediately irrigating a water-in-water layer after harvesting the first season rice, irrigating 3-5cm deep water when the axillary bud extends to 10cm, and then maintaining the soil in the field to be moist by adopting a dry-wet alternative irrigation method until the ratoon rice is mature.
(6) And (3) pest and disease management: the method mainly prevents and treats banded sclerotial blight, rice blast and borer diseases and insect pests, and strengthens the monitoring and forecast of borers, cnaphalocrocis medinalis, rice skipper skimmia and rice planthopper pests;
(7) harvesting and pile retaining of first season rice: when first season rice is mature, harvesting rice ears in a first internode below the ears by adopting a manual harvesting mode, and reserving relatively complete rice plant stalks and leaves; and (4) observing whether the dormant buds on the rice stakes break sheaths after harvesting, manually cutting the stakes for the second time when the sheath yield reaches 50% -60%, keeping the height of the stakes to be 30-40cm, and covering the cut upper stem leaves on the rice stakes.
Preferably, in the step (3), the row spacing of the artificial planting is 33cm, the plant spacing is 16.5cm, and the plant spacing is 16.5-18.0 ten thousand/hm2Inserting 2 seed seedlings into each hole; the row spacing of the machine transplanting is 30 plus or minus 2cm, the plant spacing is 18 plus or minus 2cm, the transplanting density is 16.5-18.0 ten thousand/hm2Inserting 2-3 seed seedlings into each hole;
preferably, in the step (4), the fertilizing amount of the first season rice base fertilizer is 105-120 kg.N.hm-2The fertilizing amount of the regenerated rice grain bud fertilizer is 63-72 kg.N.hm-2The fertilizing amount of the ratoon rice seedling fertilizer is 42-48 kg.N.hm-2。
Preferably, in the step (4), the base fertilizer is a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer; preferably, the total amount of available nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer is 105-120kg/hm2The total amount of available phosphorus in the phosphate fertilizer is 60-75kg/hm2The total amount of effective potassium in the potash fertilizer is 90-120kg/hm2。
Preferably, in the step (6), the sheath blight prevention and treatment is carried out by using chemical agents such as 20% validamycin wettable powder, 40% validamycin and Ceriporia flava wettable powder or 30% Espressa emulsion.
Preferably, in the step (6), in the pest and disease damage management, 20% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent is selected to prevent and control chilo suppressalis and rice skipper; selecting 25% Emamectin benzoate and indoxacarb for preventing and treating cnaphalocrocis medinalis; the buprofezin (prometryn) with the concentration of 25 percent is selected to prevent and control the rice planthopper.
The main technical idea of the invention is as follows:
the first season rice is matched with key technologies such as strong-regeneration varieties, early sowing and transplanting, water-fertilizer coupling, disease and pest prevention and the like, so that the quality of rice groups is improved, and a foundation is laid for the production of regenerated rice; when the first season rice is mature nine times, rice ears are manually harvested, after the regenerated buds grow to cover seedlings, pile cutting is manually performed twice to store the regenerated rice, the height of the reserved pile is 30-40cm, and the cut upper stem leaves are covered on the rice pile.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical advantages that:
the technology is characterized in that a sufficient material basis is provided for the growth of regeneration buds by utilizing a photosynthetic product stored in a rice plant stem sheath in the mature period of first season rice; secondly, plant stem sheaths are utilized to protect regenerated buds, so that buds are prevented from being killed due to high-temperature burn; thirdly, the cut upper stem leaves are covered on the rice stakes, so that water evaporation is reduced, and the influence of high temperature in autumn on the growth of the ratooning rice is relieved; finally, the aims of multi-spike high yield of the regenerated rice and increasing the economic benefit of rice planting are achieved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples to make the technical aspects of the present invention easier to understand and grasp, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The experimental methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
1. Examples and comparative examples
Example 1
The cultivation method for improving the seedling rate and the yield of the ratoon rice in the hilly area comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection: selecting Yuxiang 203 with moderate growth period, good lodging resistance, strong regeneration capacity and excellent rice quality;
(2) early sowing at proper time: sowing before and after 3 months and 10 days, wherein the average temperature in the day stably passes 12 ℃, and the seedlings are cultivated by a plastic hard disk thin mud seedling raising method, wherein the sowing amount of each tray is 70g dry grains/tray; controlling the seedling age to be 30-35 days;
(3) transplanting in a proper period: transplanting when the leaf age of the seedling reaches 4 leaves and 1 heart and the seedling age is 30-35 days, wherein the transplanting mode adopts mechanical transplanting, the transplanting row spacing is 30 +/-2 cm, the plant spacing is 18 +/-2 cm, and the transplanting density is 18.0 ten thousand/hm22-3 seed seedlings are inserted into each hole, and the transplanting time is 4 months and 10 days to 4 months and 15 days;
(4) fertilizer application: applying nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to the first season rice 2d before transplanting2O5) Potassium (K)2O) application rates were 105kg/hm respectively2、60kg/hm2、96kg/hm2(ii) a Applying regenerated rice grain sprout fertilizer in 7 days after the first season rice is flush with the ears, wherein the application amount of nitrogen (N) is 63kg/hm2(ii) a Applying regenerated rice seedling fertilizer within 3 days after first-season rice pile cutting, wherein the application amount of nitrogen (N) is 42kg/hm2；
(5) Water content management: the first season rice water management comprises the steps of maintaining a water layer in small water at the early stage of tillering and promotingTillering at low position; properly keeping dry-wet alternative irrigation from tillering stage to jointing stage, and making total number of stem tillers in jointing or whole field reach 195 ten thousand/hm2When the seedlings are controlled and the field is exposed until small cracks in the field appear white roots; keeping a shallow water layer on the field surface in the heading and flowering period; the dry-wet alternative state is kept in the grouting and fructification period, and the survival rate of the regeneration bud is improved; draining the field water about one week before harvesting the first season rice; managing the moisture of the ratoon rice, namely immediately irrigating a water-in-water layer after harvesting the first season rice, irrigating 3-5cm deep water when the axillary bud extends to 10cm, and then maintaining the soil in the field to be moist by adopting a dry-wet alternative irrigation method until the ratoon rice is mature;
(6) and (3) pest and disease management: the method mainly prevents and treats banded sclerotial blight, rice blast and borer diseases and insect pests, and strengthens the monitoring and forecast of borers, cnaphalocrocis medinalis, rice skipper skimmia and rice planthopper pests; the prevention and treatment of the sheath blight are carried out by using 20% validamycin wettable powder and 30% armeniaca emulsifiable concentrate chemical agents; selecting 20% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent to prevent and control chilo suppressalis and rice skipper; selecting 25% Emamectin benzoate and indoxacarb for preventing and treating cnaphalocrocis medinalis; selecting 25% buprofezin (chlorpyrifos) to prevent and control rice planthopper;
(7) harvesting and pile retaining of first season rice: when first season rice is mature, harvesting rice ears in a first internode below the ears by adopting a manual harvesting mode, and reserving relatively complete rice plant stalks and leaves; and (4) observing whether the dormant buds on the rice stakes break sheaths after harvesting, manually cutting the stakes for the second time when the sheath yield reaches 50-60%, keeping the height of the stakes to be 30-40cm, and covering the cut upper stem leaves on the rice stakes.
Example 2
The cultivation method for improving the seedling rate and the yield of the ratoon rice in the hilly area comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection: selecting Yuxiangyou 8133 with moderate growth period, good lodging resistance, strong regeneration capacity and good rice quality;
(2) - (7) same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
(1) - (6) same as in example 1.
(7) Harvesting and pile retaining of first season rice: when the first season rice is mature, a manual harvesting mode is adopted, the height of the remained pile is 30-40cm, the upper plant is cut off, and the machine or manual threshing is adopted, and the threshed straws are not returned to the rice field.
Comparative example 2
(1) Variety selection: selecting Yuxiangyou 8133 with moderate growth period, good lodging resistance, strong regeneration capacity and good rice quality;
(2) - (6) same as in example 1;
(7) harvesting and pile retaining of first season rice: when the first season rice is mature, a manual harvesting mode is adopted, the height of the remained pile is 30-40cm, the upper plant is cut off, and the machine or manual threshing is adopted, and the threshed straws are not returned to the rice field.
2. Comparison of effects of examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-2
Calculating a seedling emergence rate, effective ears, yield and sales income according to planting production conditions, wherein the seedling emergence rate refers to the sheath emergence rate of the regenerated seedlings on the 5 th day after harvesting of first season rice; the selling price of the rice is calculated by referring to the order purchase price (3.1 yuan/kg) of high-quality rice in 2020, and the result is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 planting production conditions
Test group Variety of (IV) C Percentage of emergence (%) Effective spike (/ m)2) Yield (t/hm)2) Rice sales income (Yuan/hectare)
Example 1 Yuxiang 203 103.9 261.5 4.16 12896.0
Comparative example 1 Yuxiang 203 93.8 258.6 3.88 12028.0
Example 2 Yuxiangyou 8133 95.6 252.3 3.07 9517.0
Comparative example 2 Yuxiangyou 8133 87.7 239.0 2.78 8618.0
Therefore, when the varieties are the same, the seedling emergence rate and the yield of the ratoon rice have larger difference under different harvesting modes.
The above detailed description is specific to one possible embodiment of the present invention, and the embodiment is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention should be included in the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A cultivation method for improving seedling rate and yield of ratoon rice in hilly areas comprises the following steps:
and (3) manually harvesting rice ears in the first-season rice nine-mature period, manually cutting piles for the second time to store the regenerated rice after the regenerated rice sprouts to form sheaths and seedlings, wherein the height of the reserved piles is 30-40cm, and covering the cut upper stem leaves on the rice piles.
2. The cultivation method for increasing the emergence rate and yield of ratoon rice in hilly areas as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) variety selection: selecting a dominant high-quality rice variety which has moderate growth period, good lodging resistance, strong regeneration capacity and excellent rice quality and is suitable for local production;
(2) timely early sowing is carried out, when the average daily temperature reaches more than 12 ℃, namely sowing is carried out before 10 days of 3 months every year and after 15 days of 3 months every year, the seedlings are cultivated by a plastic hard disk rare mud seedling raising method, and the sowing amount of each tray is 70g dry grains/tray;
(3) transplanting in a proper period: transplanting timely when the leaf age of the seedling reaches 4 leaves and 1 heart and the seedling age is 30-35 days, and completing transplanting before 4 months and 15 days, wherein the transplanting mode can adopt a hand planting or machine transplanting method;
(4) fertilizer application: applying nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to the first season rice 1-2 days before transplanting, applying regenerated rice grain bud fertilizer to the first season rice 7 days after heading, and applying regenerated rice seedling growing fertilizer to the first season rice 3 days after cutting the first season rice pile;
(5) water content management: the first season rice water management is that a water layer is kept in the early stage of tillering to promote low-position tillering; in the tillering stage, dry-wet alternative irrigation is kept, and when the tiller number reaches 80% of the effective spike, the field is sunned until the field cracks and white roots appear in the field; rehydrating until young ear differentiation period, and keeping shallow water layer on the field surface; the dry-wet alternative state is kept in the grouting and fructification period, and the survival rate of the regeneration bud is improved; draining the field water about one week before harvesting the first season rice; managing the moisture of the ratoon rice, namely immediately irrigating a water-in-water layer after harvesting the first season rice, irrigating 3-5cm deep water when the axillary bud extends to 10cm, and then maintaining the soil in the field to be moist by adopting a dry-wet alternative irrigation method until the ratoon rice is mature;
(6) and (3) pest and disease management: the method mainly prevents and treats banded sclerotial blight, rice blast and borer diseases and insect pests, and strengthens the monitoring and forecast of borers, cnaphalocrocis medinalis, rice skipper skimmia and rice planthopper pests;
(7) harvesting and pile retaining of first season rice: when first season rice is mature, harvesting rice ears in a first internode below the ears by adopting a manual harvesting mode, and reserving relatively complete rice plant stalks and leaves; and (4) observing whether the dormant buds on the rice stakes break sheaths after harvesting, manually cutting the stakes for the second time when the sheath yield reaches 50-60%, keeping the height of the stakes to be 30-40cm, and covering the cut upper stem leaves on the rice stakes.
3. The cultivation method for increasing the seedling emergence rate and the yield of ratoon rice in hilly areas as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (3), the row spacing of the artificial planting is 33cm, the plant spacing is 16.5cm, and 16.5-18.0 ten thousand/hm2Inserting 2 seed seedlings into each hole; the row spacing of the machine-transplanted seedlings is 30 plus or minus 2cm, the plant spacing is 18 plus or minus 2cm, the planting density is 16.5-18.0 ten thousand/hm22-3 seed seedlings are inserted into each hole.
4. The cultivation method for increasing the seedling rate and yield of ratoon rice in hilly areas as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step (4), the amount of base fertilizer applied to the first season rice is 105-120 kg-N.hm-2The fertilizing amount of the regenerated rice grain sprout fertilizer is 63-72 kg.N.hm-2The fertilizing amount of the ratoon rice seedling fertilizer is 42-48 kg.N.hm-2。
5. The cultivation method for increasing the seedling rate and yield of ratoon rice in hilly areas as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step (4), the base fertilizer is nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, wherein the total amount of available nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer is 105kg/hm2The total amount of available phosphorus in the phosphate fertilizer is 60-75kg/hm2The total amount of effective potassium in the potash fertilizer is 90-120kg/hm2。
6. The cultivation method for increasing the seedling emergence rate and the yield of ratooning rice in hilly areas as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (6), said prevention and control of sheath blight is carried out by using chemical agents such as 20% validamycin wettable powder, 40% validamycin-Cera flava wettable powder or 30% Esprouted emulsion.
7. The cultivation method for improving seedling rate and yield of ratoon rice in hilly areas according to claim 2, wherein in the step (6), the pest and disease damage management is carried out by selecting 20% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent to control chilo suppressalis and rice skipper; selecting 25% Emamectin benzoate and indoxacarb for preventing and treating cnaphalocrocis medinalis; the buprofezin (prometryn) with the concentration of 25 percent is selected to prevent and control the rice planthopper.
CN202110685780.8A 2021-06-21 2021-06-21 Cultivation method for improving seedling rate and yield of ratoon rice in hilly area Withdrawn CN113348996A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114051896A (en) * 2021-11-15 2022-02-18 重庆三峡农业科学院(重庆市万州区甘宁蚕种场) Quality-improving and efficiency-increasing cultivation method for ratoon rice
CN115500226A (en) * 2022-09-27 2022-12-23 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 Method for rapidly acquiring regenerated buds with different germination degrees

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114051896A (en) * 2021-11-15 2022-02-18 重庆三峡农业科学院(重庆市万州区甘宁蚕种场) Quality-improving and efficiency-increasing cultivation method for ratoon rice
CN115500226A (en) * 2022-09-27 2022-12-23 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 Method for rapidly acquiring regenerated buds with different germination degrees
CN115500226B (en) * 2022-09-27 2023-09-22 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 Method for rapidly obtaining regenerated buds with different germination degrees

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Application publication date: 20210907