CN113338250A - Saltiness prevention ship lock for water delivery of side branch hole of lock wall staggered short gallery - Google Patents

Saltiness prevention ship lock for water delivery of side branch hole of lock wall staggered short gallery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113338250A
CN113338250A CN202110419594.XA CN202110419594A CN113338250A CN 113338250 A CN113338250 A CN 113338250A CN 202110419594 A CN202110419594 A CN 202110419594A CN 113338250 A CN113338250 A CN 113338250A
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water
lock
gate
side branch
branch hole
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CN113338250B (en
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陈明
王多银
黄海津
孔令振
赵航浩
刘朝阳
张昭流晶
闫帅坤
谢皓南
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Chongqing Jiaotong University
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02C—SHIP-LIFTING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS
    • E02C1/00—Locks or dry-docks; Shaft locks, i.e. locks of which one front side is formed by a solid wall with an opening in the lower part through which the ships pass
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02C—SHIP-LIFTING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS
    • E02C1/00—Locks or dry-docks; Shaft locks, i.e. locks of which one front side is formed by a solid wall with an opening in the lower part through which the ships pass
    • E02C1/06—Devices for filling or emptying locks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/30—Flood prevention; Flood or storm water management, e.g. using flood barriers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a salt-resistant ship lock for water delivery of a gate wall staggered short gallery side branch hole, which belongs to the crossing field of ship lock engineering and ecological protection and comprises an upper gate head, a gate chamber, a lower gate head, an upper gate and a lower gate, wherein the gate chamber is internally provided with a water-filling short gallery communicated with an outer river mouth of the upper gate through a water-filling valve in the gate wall close to the upper gate head, a water-draining short gallery communicated with an outer sea mouth of the lower gate through a water-draining valve in the gate wall close to the lower gate head, the gate wall is provided with a water-filling side branch hole communicated with the water-filling short gallery and a water-draining side branch hole communicated with the water-draining short gallery in the gate chamber, the water-filling side branch hole and the water-draining side branch hole are arranged in a staggered manner relative to the height direction of the gate wall, and the water-filling side branch hole is higher than the water-draining side branch hole. This salt-resistant ship lock designs out the short corridor collateral branch hole water delivery structure of lock wall staggered floor ingeniously to through the water delivery hydraulic structure of ship lock itself, the layering characteristic of make full use of abnormal gravity flow to the water control with water reaches more effectual salt-resistant effect.

Description

Saltiness prevention ship lock for water delivery of side branch hole of lock wall staggered short gallery
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ship lock engineering and ecological protection, and relates to an anti-salt ship lock with a lock wall staggered short gallery side hole for water delivery.
Background
The main inland river estuary of coastal areas of China is almost provided with a sluicing damp-proof water gate, and a ship lock is generally required to be built for solving the navigation problem after the river mouth is provided with the lock. However, in the process of ship lock operation, the fresh water and the salt water are mixed together along with seawater invasion to pollute the fresh water area, and the process may affect the inland water quality in a range of tens of kilometers, and seriously affect the industrial and agricultural production and the people life along rivers and the coasts. The main modes of seawater invasion of the ship lock at the sea entrance mainly comprise density flow, water level difference, salt leakage of a lock valve and the like. Research shows that when the salinity of the salt water reaches 7.8 per thousand, the salt water and fresh water form an abnormal gravity flow, and the salinity of seawater entering the sea is generally about 25 per thousand. Thus, the heavy currents are the main form of seawater intrusion into the seaport ship lock, see fig. 1. In order to solve the problem of seawater invasion of the ship lock at the sea port, the prior anti-salt measures for ship lock engineering mainly comprise an air curtain method, a salt pit collecting method, a replacement method and a liftable salt water chamber method, but the measures are complex to operate, large in engineering quantity and high in operating cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an effective sea entrance anti-salt lock, which uses the characteristics of the heavy current to utilize the lock wall staggered short gallery side branch hole water conveying structure to control water with water, and has no great influence on the water conveying function and navigation conditions of the lock, thereby having a wide application prospect.
In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention discloses a salt-resistant ship lock for water delivery of a gate wall staggered short gallery side branch hole, which comprises an upper gate head, a gate chamber, a lower gate head, an upper gate and a lower gate, wherein the gate chamber is internally provided with an irrigation short gallery communicated with an outer river mouth of the upper gate through an irrigation valve in a gate wall close to the upper gate head, a drainage short gallery communicated with an outer sea mouth of the lower gate through a drainage valve is arranged in the gate wall close to the lower gate head, the gate wall is provided with an irrigation side branch hole communicated with the irrigation short gallery and a drainage side branch hole communicated with the drainage short gallery, the irrigation side branch hole and the drainage side branch hole are arranged in a staggered manner relative to the height direction of the gate wall, and the irrigation side branch hole is higher than the drainage side branch hole. By adopting the scheme, the saltiness-preventing ship lock skillfully designs the lock wall staggered short gallery side branch hole water conveying structure, and fully utilizes the layering characteristic of the density flow through the water conveying hydraulic structure of the ship lock, so that water is controlled by water, and a more effective saltiness-preventing effect is achieved.
Further, the side branch hole of the water discharge is arranged close to the lock bottom of the lock chamber. The staggered layer structure of the water filling side branch hole and the water draining side branch hole is facilitated, and when the water draining valve at the lower gate head is opened for draining, the salt water at the bottom of the gate chamber can be effectively drained.
Furthermore, the water filling side branch hole and the water draining side branch hole are respectively arranged on two side gate walls of the gate chamber at the same horizontal height. Compared with the method that the single-side gate wall is used for filling water into the gate chamber, the disturbance to the water body of the gate chamber can be reduced.
Furthermore, the side irrigation holes arranged on the gate walls at the two sides are arranged in a staggered manner. The side branch holes for irrigation arranged in a staggered way can reduce the disturbance of irrigation on the water level in the lock chamber, and are beneficial to the staggered layering of a salt water layer and a fresh water layer.
Furthermore, the side branch holes for water filling and the side branch holes for water drainage are all arranged into at least one row of multi-row hole array structures on the gate wall in the length direction and the height direction of the gate chamber. So as to form multi-layer water outlet and reduce the disturbance of water level in the gate chamber by water irrigation.
The invention has the advantages that: the design of the anti-salt ship lock is based on the design idea of controlling water by water, the layering characteristic of the density flow is fully utilized, a lock wall staggered short gallery side-branch hole water conveying structure is adopted, so that the lock wall water filling short gallery is arranged above a lock chamber salt water wedge, the lock wall water draining short gallery is arranged at the bottom of the lock chamber salt water wedge, the water filling short gallery is close to an upper lock head, and the water draining short gallery is close to a lower lock head, so that the large-range mixing of fresh water and salt water is avoided while the ship lock fills water, and on one hand, the function of desalting the water body at the upper part of the lock chamber is achieved; on the other hand, the salt water moves to the bottom of the lock chamber under the action of gravity, and the layering effect of the fresh water at the upper part of the lock chamber and the salt water at the lower part of the lock chamber is maintained. Then the salt water is drained into the downstream approach channel through the short drain gallery, so that the seawater is effectively prevented from invading into the upstream inland river, and the dual purposes of water delivery and salt prevention of the ship lock are achieved.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Drawings
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a view showing an instant simulation of a density current intrusion after a lower gate of an estuary ship lock is opened;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the anti-salt lock of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a top view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a view showing an instantaneous simulation of invasion of salt water in the irrigation water of the gate wall staggered short gallery side branch hole water delivery structure;
FIG. 6 is a view showing an instantaneous simulation of the invasion of salt water in the irrigation water of the water delivery structure of the corridor at the bottom of the gate wall;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the variation of water density with distance from the gate bottom at different times in the water filling of the gate wall staggered short gallery water delivery structure;
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the variation of the density of the water body with the distance from the gate bottom at different times in the irrigation of the water delivery structure of the corridor at the gate wall bottom;
the drawings are numbered as follows: the gate comprises an upper gate head 1, a gate chamber 2, a lower gate head 3, a water-filling short gallery 4, a water-filling side branch hole 5, a water-draining short gallery 6, a water-draining side branch hole 7, a water-filling valve 8, a water-draining valve 9, an upper gate 10 and a lower gate 11.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
As shown in fig. 2-4, the anti-salt ship lock for water delivery through the gate wall staggered short gallery side holes provided in the present embodiment comprises an upper gate head 1, a gate chamber 2, a lower gate head 3, a water filling valve 8, a water discharging valve 9, an upper gate 10 and a lower gate 11, wherein the water filling valve 8 and the upper gate are installed on the upper gate head 1, the water discharging valve 9 and the lower gate are installed on the lower gate head 3, the gate chamber 2 is provided with the water filling short gallery 4 communicated with the external river mouth of the upper gate 10 through the water filling valve 8 in the gate wall near the upper gate head 1, the water discharging short gallery 6 communicated with the external sea mouth of the lower gate 11 through the water discharging valve 9 is provided in the gate wall near the lower gate head 3, the gate wall is provided with a plurality of water filling side branch holes 5 communicating with the water filling short gallery 4 and a plurality of water discharging side branch holes 7 communicating with the water discharging short gallery 6, the water filling side branch holes 5 and the gate side branch holes 7 are arranged in a staggered manner relative to the height direction of the gate wall, and the side branch hole 5 for irrigation is higher than the side branch hole 7 for drainage.
Specifically, for the inland river estuary ship lock, when the water level of the lock chamber is equal to the sea level when the ship ascends, the lower gate of the ship lock is opened, and since the density of seawater salt water is greater than that of inland river fresh water, a density of the seawater salt water is different from that of the inland river fresh water, and thus a density of the seawater salt water is different from that of the inland river fresh water. The density flow invades from the bottom of the lock with the tide, and the fresh water leaks into the sea from the surface layer to form a brine wedge. The salt wedge drive is weakened due to the fact that salt is diffused into the water body, the front speed is reduced, fresh water is concentrated on the upper portion of the lock chamber, salt water is concentrated on the bottom of the lock chamber under the action of gravity, and therefore the fresh salt water is layered. And the gate wall irrigation short corridor is arranged above the lock chamber salt water wedge, and the gate wall drainage short corridor is arranged at the bottom of the lock chamber salt water wedge. When the ship enters the lock chamber, the lower gate is closed, the water filling valve of the upper lock head is opened, and water filling is started. At the moment, the upstream fresh water is poured into the lock chamber from the upper part of the lock chamber through the water pouring side branch holes of the water pouring short gallery of the lock wall, the fresh water and the salt water wedge do not form large-area convection to generate large mixing, and the layering effect of the fresh water and the salt water at the upper part of the lock chamber is basically maintained. Therefore, the salt content of the water body at the upper part of the lock chamber is extremely low. When the water surface of the lock chamber is level with the water surface of the upstream, the upper lock gate is opened, the ship enters the inland river, and the salt content of the water body invading the inland river is low or almost zero. When the ship descends, the salt water at the bottom of the lock chamber is drained into the ocean through the short drainage gallery at the lower lock head. Because the river mouth of going into the sea flood head is less, the design of the short corridor of watering, sluicing can make it avoid taking place a large amount of mixing of light salt brine with the contact of salt water wedge top, has greatly reduced the construction volume of ship lock water delivery system simultaneously again.
As will be shown below by way of example, the dimensions of the ship lock are designed as follows: the effective length of the chamber is 100m, the effective width of the chamber is 12m, the height of the chamber is 30m, and the design water head is 15 m. According to the design specification requirement of JTJ 306-2001 lock water delivery system design specification, the cross-sectional area omega of the gallery at the valve cross-section is 12.74m2Taking the area of a water inlet at one side as 12.74 multiplied by 1.8/2 which is 14.81m2The width and the height are both 3.39 m; the cross-sectional area of the main gallery at one side is 12.74 multiplied by 1.3/2-8.28 m2The width and the height are both 2.88 m; the total area of the outlet cross section of the single-side gallery is 12.74 multiplied by 1.6/2-10.19 m 212 water outlet holes are arranged in the single-side short gallery, and the area of the cross section of the water outlet hole is 10.19/12-0.85 m2And both width and height are 0.92 m. Meanwhile, a gooseneck turning section is arranged after water enters, and the section area form is the same as that of the main corridor.
According to the research result, under the condition of known ship lock size, water depth and water quality salinity, the volume V and the salt amount W of the salt water invading the lock chamber at any time can be calculated, M is the percentage (becoming exchange coefficient) of the salt water body entering the lock chamber, N is the dimensionless times, L is the effective length of the lock chamber, and the value is takenL is 100m, width B is 12m, depth h is 10m, and initial salinity S of water in lock chamber before opening sea side lock gate 0 gate4 per mill, sea side water salinity S before opening brakeSea water25 ‰, sea water density ρ1＝1030kgf/m3Fresh water density ρ0＝1000kg/m3Opening the brake and keeping the ship in the brake chamber for 30 min; then
Figure BDA0003027379940000041
When N is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 4, M is 0.215N;
when N is more than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 8, M is 0.72+ 0.024N;
when N is more than or equal to 8 and less than or equal to 15, M is 0.875+ 0.005N;
calculated as M ═ 0.220, salt content W ═ SSea water-S0 gate) LBhM 68.65t, brine volume V3269.16 m3The average height δ of salt water is 2.7 m. For the purpose of preventing salt, the outlet height of the irrigation corridor is higher than the average height of seawater invading the lock chamber and is 7.5m, and the length of the irrigation corridor is 100/3-34 m. The size of the water drainage gallery is the same as that of the irrigation gallery, and the water drainage gallery is arranged at the bottom of the gate chamber and close to the head of the lower gate.
A generalized physical model test: the physical model is generalized according to 1: 100 scale design preparation solid model, including last lock head, lower lock head, the short corridor of watering, the short corridor of sluicing, overflow plate, immersible pump, water storage bucket etc. as lock head, lower lock head and lock chamber on the ship lock by three basin of organic glass preparation, for the accuracy that improves the physical model, lock wall staggered floor short corridor collateral branch hole water delivery structure adopts the 3D printing mode, uses overflow plate and immersible pump to keep the upper reaches water level certain, guarantees that the short corridor of watering has stable import condition. Before the experiment is started, saline water with the salinity of 25 per mill is filled in the lower lock head and is colored by blue coloring agent, and clear water is filled in the upper lock head and the lock chamber. And then simulating the operation process of the ship lock, showing the seawater invasion process of the ship lock through the color change of each part of the water body of the lock chamber, and observing the anti-salt effect of the lock wall staggered short corridor water delivery structure. As can be seen from the experimental process, the saline water intrudes into the lock chamber in the form of density flow after the lock is opened as described above; when water is filled, clear water and saline water are hardly mixed, layering is stable, the water body on the upper part of the lock chamber is obviously lighter in color, and the water body with thicker color is extruded to the lower part of the lock chamber; when water is drained, the water body with the thicker color at the lower part of the lock chamber is drained out through the short drain gallery. Therefore, the anti-salt effect of the gate wall staggered short gallery side branch hole water conveying structure is obvious.
Numerical simulation analysis: in order to further verify the anti-salt effect of the gate wall staggered short gallery side branch hole water conveying structure, three-dimensional numerical simulation is carried out on the invasion of the different gravity flow and the water filling process of the water conveying structure by using Fluent software, and a multi-phase flow turbulence model adopts a k-epsilon dual equation. The model parameters were set as follows: the total length of the model is 100m, the width is 12m, and the height is 30 m. The density of the fresh water is 1000kg/m3The viscosity is 0.001003 kg/(m.s), and the seawater density is 1030kg/m3The viscosity was 0.001056 kg/m-s. The number of the water delivery ports arranged on the two sides of the model is 24, and the area of a single side branch hole is 0.8m2The side branch holes are 6m away from the gate bottom, and the total flow of water delivery is 51m3And s. The initial water level in the lock chamber is set to 10m, and water delivery is stopped when the water level in the lock chamber reaches 20 m. In order to compare the anti-salt advantages of the gate wall staggered short gallery side branch hole water conveying structure and the gate wall bottom gallery water conveying structure, numerical simulation is carried out on the gate wall bottom gallery water conveying structure by using Fluent software. And outputting density data close to the head of the upper gate in the gate chamber after the numerical simulation is finished. The comparative working condition parameters are set as follows: the two sides are provided with 24 side branch holes, and the area of a single side branch hole is 0.8m2The distance between the water delivery port and the gate bottom is 1m, and the total flow of water delivery is 51m3And s. The initial water level in the lock chamber is set to 10m, and water delivery is stopped when the water level in the lock chamber reaches 20 m.
And comparing the side branch hole water conveying structure of the gate wall staggered short gallery with the side branch hole water conveying structure of the gate wall bottom gallery to qualitatively analyze the salt water invasion instant images as shown in figures 5 and 6. In the former, when water is irrigated, the layering of saline water and fresh water is obvious, the flow state of water flow is stable, a large amount of mixing hardly occurs, and the salinity of the water body at the upper part of the lock chamber is extremely low; when the water is irrigated, the flow state is disordered, the mixing of the salt water and the fresh water is obvious, and the water body on the upper part of the lock chamber is mixed with more salt water.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, at the same time, the height is different from the bottom of the gateQuantitatively analyzing the density value extracted from the density monitoring point of the water body, and drawing a graph of the change of the water body density along with the distance from the gate bottom at the moment when t is 3s, 102s and 240 s. When the water is poured into the gate wall staggered short gallery side branch hole water conveying structure, the density of water in the gate chamber is gradually reduced along with the rise of the height, and the water body reaches 1000kg/m at a position about 3m away from the bottom of the gate3The water-filling device can be used as a layered position of salt water and fresh water, and the layered position hardly changes along with the advancing of water filling time. When the water is poured into the corridor water conveying structure at the bottom of the inverted sluice wall, when the water pouring time reaches 240s, the density of the water body at the position 10m away from the sluice bottom is still greater than the density of fresh water and is unstable in oscillation; the irrigation time is different, and the positions of the fresh water layer and the salt water layer are also greatly different and can reach 9m at most.
In conclusion, the gate wall staggered short gallery side branch hole water delivery structure greatly reduces the mixing of fresh water and salt water, maintains the stable layered state of the fresh water and the salt water in the gate chamber, enables the density of the water body at the upper part of the gate chamber to be close to the density of the fresh water, effectively prevents the salt water from invading the upstream inland river, and has obvious salt prevention effect.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it is apparent that those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a short corridor collateral branch hole water delivery's of lock wall staggered floor salt ship lock, includes last lock head (1), lock chamber (2), lower lock head (3), upper gate (10) and lower gate (11), its characterized in that, the lock chamber is equipped with in the lock wall that is close to last lock head and irritates short corridor (4) of communicating through the valve of watering (8) with the outer river mouth of last gate, be equipped with in the lock wall that is close to the lower lock head and pass through sluicing short corridor (6) of sluicing valve (9) intercommunication with the outer sea mouth of lower gate, set up on the lock wall floodgate room and irrigate the side branch hole (5) of short corridor intercommunication and with sluicing side branch hole (7) of short corridor intercommunication, it is the staggered floor to irritate side branch hole and sluicing side branch hole and is higher than the collateral branch hole of sluicing for the lock wall direction of height.
2. The saltwater resistant ship lock of claim 1 in which the let-off side branch hole is located near the lock bottom of the lock chamber.
3. The lock wall split short corridor side branch hole water transfer anti-salt ship lock of claim 1 or 2, wherein the water filling side branch hole and the water draining side branch hole are respectively provided on both side lock walls of the lock chamber at the same horizontal height.
4. The saltproof ship lock with staggered lock walls and short gallery side branch holes for water transportation according to claim 3, wherein the side branch holes for water irrigation arranged on the lock walls on two sides are arranged in a staggered mode.
5. The saltwater-resistant ship lock with water delivery by the side branch holes of the gate wall staggered short gallery according to claim 3, wherein the side branch holes for water filling and the side branch holes for water draining are arranged in a multi-row hole array structure with at least one row on the gate wall in the length and height directions of the lock chamber.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114000488A (en) * 2021-09-30 2022-02-01 安徽省港航建设投资集团有限公司 Arrangement structure of ship lock water delivery system
CN115961602A (en) * 2023-01-04 2023-04-14 重庆交通大学 Shaft type water-saving ship lock with inflatable air bag

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CN204418099U (en) * 2015-01-30 2015-06-24 武汉大学 A kind of barrier film air curtain prevents salty device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN204418099U (en) * 2015-01-30 2015-06-24 武汉大学 A kind of barrier film air curtain prevents salty device

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114000488A (en) * 2021-09-30 2022-02-01 安徽省港航建设投资集团有限公司 Arrangement structure of ship lock water delivery system
CN114000488B (en) * 2021-09-30 2023-12-26 安徽省港航建设投资集团有限公司 Arrangement structure of ship lock water delivery system
CN115961602A (en) * 2023-01-04 2023-04-14 重庆交通大学 Shaft type water-saving ship lock with inflatable air bag

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