CN113336577A - Preparation and application of plant source special water fertilizer for sedum plumbizincicola - Google Patents

Preparation and application of plant source special water fertilizer for sedum plumbizincicola Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113336577A
CN113336577A CN202110419014.7A CN202110419014A CN113336577A CN 113336577 A CN113336577 A CN 113336577A CN 202110419014 A CN202110419014 A CN 202110419014A CN 113336577 A CN113336577 A CN 113336577A
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water
fertilizer
plant source
special
plant
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Inventor
吴颖欣
刘星
刘晓文
吴文成
卢阳
梁普兴
刘俊君
张会曦
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South China Institute of Environmental Science of Ministry of Ecology and Environment
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South China Institute of Environmental Science of Ministry of Ecology and Environment
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/002Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80Soil conditioners
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20Liquid fertilisers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a plant source special water fertilizer for sedum plumbizincicola, which comprises the following steps: s101: the walnut green skin powder and water are prepared according to the mass ratio to obtain the walnut green skin powder with the content of 0.01-0.1 g/mL‑1The mixed solution of (1); s102: is carried out intoFiltering with 200-400 mesh gauze after the fraction is extracted for 16-36h to obtain mother liquor; s103: diluting the mother liquor according to the target concentration of the water fertilizer, and adjusting the pH to 3.6-4.5 to obtain the plant source special water fertilizer for the sedum plumbizincicola. Compared with the prior art, the invention utilizes the plant nutrient components in the walnut green husk to promote the plant growth; the bioactive components in the fertilizer are utilized to screen and optimize soil microorganisms, so that the problems that the traditional fertilizer can generate passivation effect on heavy metals and introduce new heavy metal risks are solved.

Description

Preparation and application of plant source special water fertilizer for sedum plumbizincicola
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a soil heavy metal pollution treatment technology, and relates to a preparation method and a use method of a special water fertilizer for heavy metal Cd and Zn hyperaccumulation plant Sedum plumbizincicola based on walnut green husk leaching liquor.
Background
The Sedum plumbizincicola, as a domestic super-enriched plant, can effectively remove Cd and Zn in soil, and has been limited in popularization and application for a long time due to relatively small biomass, so that the problem of how to increase the biomass to enhance the extraction efficiency of plants needs to be solved urgently.
Fertilizer application is an important means to increase the biomass of hyperaccumulating plants. At present, common fertilizers in the market are mainly divided into organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers. On one hand, a large number of researches show that the application of organic fertilizer is beneficial to improving soil environment and promoting plant growth, but the plant available state content of heavy metal in soil can be obviously reduced, so that the application of organic fertilizer such as chicken manure and the like has been applied in the aspect of heavy metal passivation; on the other hand, although the application of inorganic fertilizers can specifically add plant nutrient elements, for example, inorganic phosphate fertilizers can lead to the stable form of Cd and Zn in soil, which is not beneficial to super-enrichment of plants for extracting heavy metals, and meanwhile, the application of a large amount of fertilizers not only deteriorates the soil environment, but also a plurality of fertilizers such as phosphate fertilizers have been proved to be important sources of heavy metal pollution of soil in agricultural fields.
Therefore, the application of the conventional solid organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer is not only not beneficial to the extraction of heavy metals by the hyper-enrichment plants, but also can introduce new heavy metal risks, and is not beneficial to the restoration of the hyper-enrichment plants to the heavy metal pollution of the soil. Therefore, a functional fertilizer which can promote the growth of plants and does not have negative influence on the extraction of heavy metals from soil by hyper-enriching plants is needed.
China is a big walnut producing country, produces about 365 million tons of walnuts every year, and about two thirds of the walnuts are walnut green husks. The unreasonable treatment of walnut green husk as agricultural waste not only causes environmental pollution, but also wastes resources. Firstly, it is a natural product, containing a large amount of organic carbon; secondly, detection shows that the walnut green husk also contains a large amount of plant nutrient elements (including essential elements and growth promoting elements) and has higher concentration; in addition, researches show that the walnut green seedcase contains a large number of organic functional groups, and some of the organic functional groups can inhibit the propagation of pathogenic bacteria which are not beneficial to the growth of plants or are beneficial to the growth of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), so that a healthy rhizosphere soil environment is created and is beneficial to the extraction of heavy metals by plants.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method and application of a plant source special water fertilizer for sedum plumbizincicola, and aims to at least solve the problems in the prior art.
The invention provides a preparation method of a plant source special water fertilizer for sedum plumbizincicola, which comprises the following steps:
s101: the walnut green skin powder and water are prepared according to the mass ratio to obtain the walnut green skin powder with the content of 0.01-0.1 g/mL-1The mixed solution of (1);
s102: extracting the components for 16-36h, and filtering with 200-400 mesh gauze to obtain mother liquor;
s103: diluting the mother liquor according to the target concentration of the water fertilizer, and adjusting the pH to 3.6-4.5 to obtain the plant source special water fertilizer for the sedum plumbizincicola.
Further, the preparation method of the walnut green husk powder comprises the following steps:
taking the dried walnut green peel, crushing and sieving the crushed dried walnut green peel under a sieve of 60-100 meshes to obtain walnut green peel powder.
Furthermore, the preparation method of the dried walnut green husk comprises the following steps:
drying fresh exocarpium Juglandis Immaturus at 50-60 deg.C to constant weight to obtain dried exocarpium Juglandis Immaturus.
The invention also discloses a special water fertilizer for the plant source Sedum plumbizincicola, which is obtained by the preparation method.
The third aspect of the invention also discloses a use method of the special water fertilizer for the plant source sedum plumbizincicola, which comprises the following steps:
after the Sedum plumbizincicola grows for 150-180 days, uniformly spraying the special water fertilizer for the plant-derived Sedum plumbizincicola on the root of the Sedum plumbizincicola, wherein the application amount is 0.921m3Applied once every 5-10 days for 4 times per mu.
Further, the method for obtaining the Sedum plumbizincicola comprises the following steps:
s201: taking the Sedum plumbizincicola seedlings, and cultivating the Sedum plumbizincicola seedlings for three generations by using soil without heavy metal pollution;
s202: carrying out water culture on terminal buds to obtain water-cultured seedlings;
s203: planting the seedlings in soil with water holding capacity not lower than 65%, and growing under natural conditions for 150-180 days to obtain the Sedum plumbizincicola.
Further, the S202 specifically includes: putting terminal bud in water culture nutrient solution, adjusting pH of the water culture nutrient solution to 5-6, changing the water culture nutrient solution every 3d, and keeping continuous ventilation for 24 h.
Further, the specific culture conditions in S202 are: the temperature of day and night is 26/23 deg.C, and the humidity is 70/85%.
Furthermore, the water culture nutrient solution in the S202 comprises the following components: ca (NO)3)2·4H2O 2.00mmol/L,KH2PO4 0.01mmol/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5mmol/L,KCl 0.1mmol/L,K2SO4 0.70mmol/L,H3BO310.00μmol/L。
Furthermore, the water culture nutrient solution in S202 also comprises MnSO4·H2O 0.5μmol/L,ZnSO4·7H2O 0.5μmol/L,CuSO4·5H2O 0.2μmol/L,(NH4)6Mo7O24 0.01μmol/L,Fe-EDTA 100μmol/L。
Compared with the prior art, the invention utilizes the plant nutrient components in the walnut green husk to promote the plant growth; the soil microorganism is screened and optimized by utilizing the bioactive components in the soil microorganism. In addition, the problem that the traditional fertilizer can generate passivation effect on heavy metals and introduce new heavy metal risks is solved according to the special requirements of hyper-enriched plants.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of biomass data of plants treated with different concentrations of WGH in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows the enrichment amount of Cd and Zn in the super-enriched plant Sedum plumbizincicola after WGH treatment with different concentrations in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relative abundance of a portion of growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) at genus level after treatment with different concentrations of WGH in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a partially dominant species of endophyte after WGH treatment in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
The preparation method of the special water fertilizer for the plant source Sedum plumbizincicola comprises the following steps:
taking fresh walnut green peel, drying at 55 ℃ to constant weight, crushing by a crusher, sieving by a 60-mesh sieve, and preparing 0.05g/mL with water according to mass ratio-1Extracting the mixed solution by using a turnover mixer for 24 hours, filtering the mixed solution by using 300-mesh gauze to obtain WGH (Walnut Green Husk) mother solution (the pH value is 4.83), diluting the WGH mother solution with water according to experimental requirements, adjusting the pH value of the filtrate to 4, and finally obtaining the WGH using solution of the extractant.
The application method of the special water fertilizer for the plant source Sedum plumbizincicola comprises the following steps:
step 1: after obtaining seedlings, cultivating the seedlings for three generations by using soil without heavy metal pollution;
step 2: carrying out water culture on terminal buds with similar sizes for 28 days, wherein the water culture nutrient solution basically comprises the following components: ca (NO)3)2·4H2O 2.00mmol/L,KH2PO4 0.01mmol/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5mmol/L,KCl 0.1mmol/L,K2SO4 0.70mmol/L,H3BO3 10.00μmol/L,MnSO4·H2O 0.5μmol/L,ZnSO4·7H2O 0.5μmol/L,CuSO4·5H2O 0.2μmol/L,(NH4)6Mo7O240.01 mu mol/L and 100 mu mol/L of Fe-EDTA, adjusting the pH value of the nutrient solution to 5.8, replacing every 3 days, and keeping continuous ventilation for 24 hours. The temperature of the plant growing in the artificial greenhouse is 26/23 ℃ day and night, the humidity is 70/85%, and the plant is cultured for 28 days;
and step 3: selecting seedlings with similar growth vigor, washing the seedlings with deionized water for later use, taking a plurality of planting pots (13cm in height and 18.3cm in diameter), weighing 2kg of soil containing Cd and Zn in each pot, keeping 65% of water holding capacity of the soil by using tap water before planting, planting after stabilizing for 1 week, and planting 3 seedlings in each pot.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the potting experiment is divided into 4 groups of CK group, low concentration group, medium concentration group and high concentration group, each group has 3 planting pots, WGH water extract (0.01g/mL, 0.03g/mL, 0.05g/mL) with 3 concentration gradients is respectively applied to the low concentration group, the medium concentration group and the high concentration group, water is applied to the CK group, and the specific process is that the water is applied from 166d according to 0.921m3Applying 200mL of first water extract per mu, applying once every 5 days, and finishing 20 days after 4 times; and (4) after the experiment is finished, collecting the plant and soil samples to determine the biomass and the heavy metal content of the plant and soil samples, and harvesting rhizosphere soil, non-rhizosphere soil and fresh root samples to be stored at the temperature of-80 ℃ for microbial gene sequencing.
The experimental results are as follows:
as shown in FIG. 1, the biomass increased with the treatments at different concentrations compared to the CK control, with 0.05g/mL being the best and the dry weights of the roots, stems and leaves being 1.89, 1.42 and 2.26 times that of CK, respectively. The enrichment amount of the Sedum plumbizincicola to Cd and Zn (shown in figure 2) reaches the maximum in the treatment of 0.05g/mL, and is respectively 72.42 mu g/strain and 3700.34 mu g/strain, and the extraction amount is respectively 3.20 times and 1.70 times of CK.
As shown in fig. 3, the results of sequencing microorganisms in CK groups of non-rhizosphere soil (ck.b), rhizosphere soil (ck.r), and non-rhizosphere soil (L.B), rhizosphere soil (L.R) after WGH application were obtained under different treatments. Through analysis of rhizosphere soil samples and non-rhizosphere soil samples of the CK group and the high-concentration group, the addition of WGH obviously improves the relative abundance of some Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), such as Pseudomonas of Proteobacteria, the average relative abundance of which in CK.R is only 0.05% and in L.R samples is respectively as high as 3.99%; also as Flavobacterium genus of Bacteroides, it has an average relative abundance of 3.29% in the L.B sample and only 0.05% in the CK.B sample, respectively, and so on. Research has shown that similar increase in the abundance of PGPR in rhizosphere soil can significantly promote the absorption of nutrients by plants, thereby promoting plant growth.
TABLE 1 content 0.05g/mL-1The WGH water extract has nutrient element content
Figure BDA0003027089910000041
Furthermore, the relative abundance of Streptomyces, bradurobium and Mycobacterium species in plants after WGH application was found to be significantly higher than that of CK treatment (fig. 4), and all of these microorganisms have been shown to increase plant growth and heavy metal transport efficiency.
Through the analysis, the WGH is used as a water fertilizer to plant the Sedum plumbizincicola, so that the biomass of the Sedum plumbizincicola can be improved from two aspects of plant nutrition (table 1) and microbial community structure optimization, and the plant extraction efficiency of the Sedum plumbizincicola on Cd and Zn is enhanced.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the modifications and equivalents of the specific embodiments of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art after reading the present specification, but these modifications and variations do not depart from the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. The preparation method of the plant source special water fertilizer for the rhodiola crenulata is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s101: the walnut green skin powder and water are prepared according to the mass ratio to obtain the walnut green skin powder with the content of 0.01-0.1 g/mL-1The mixed solution of (1);
s102: extracting the components for 16-36h, and filtering with 200-400 mesh gauze to obtain mother liquor;
s103: diluting the mother liquor according to the target concentration of the water fertilizer, and adjusting the pH to 3.6-4.5 to obtain the plant source special water fertilizer for the sedum plumbizincicola.
2. The preparation method of the plant source special water fertilizer for Sedum plumbizincicola according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the walnut green husk powder comprises the following steps:
taking the dried walnut green peel, crushing and sieving the crushed dried walnut green peel under a sieve of 60-100 meshes to obtain walnut green peel powder.
3. The preparation method of the plant source special water fertilizer for Sedum plumbizincicola as claimed in claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the dried walnut green husk comprises the following steps:
drying fresh exocarpium Juglandis Immaturus at 50-60 deg.C to constant weight to obtain dried exocarpium Juglandis Immaturus.
4. A special water fertilizer for plant-source Sedum plumbizincicola, which is obtained by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. The use method of the special water fertilizer for the plant-derived rhodiola crenulata as claimed in claim 4, which comprises the following steps:
in companion mineAfter the sedum aizoon grows for 150-180 days, uniformly spraying the special water fertilizer for the plant source sedum aizoon on the root of the sedum aizoon, wherein the application amount is 0.921m3Applied once every 5-10 days for 4 times per mu.
6. The use method of the plant source rhodiola crenulata special-purpose water fertilizer according to claim 5, wherein the obtaining method of the rhodiola crenulata comprises the following steps:
s201: taking the Sedum plumbizincicola seedlings, and cultivating the Sedum plumbizincicola seedlings for three generations by using soil without heavy metal pollution;
s202: carrying out water culture on terminal buds to obtain water-cultured seedlings;
s203: planting the seedlings in soil with water holding capacity not lower than 65%, and growing under natural conditions for 150-180 days to obtain the Sedum plumbizincicola.
7. The use method of the plant source rhodiola crenulata special-purpose water fertilizer according to claim 6, wherein the S202 specifically is: putting terminal bud in water culture nutrient solution, adjusting pH of the water culture nutrient solution to 5-6, changing the water culture nutrient solution every 3d, and keeping continuous ventilation for 24 h.
8. The method for using the plant source rhodiola crenulata special-purpose water fertilizer according to claim 7, wherein the specific culture conditions in S202 are as follows: the temperature of day and night is 26/23 deg.C, and the humidity is 70/85%.
9. The use method of the water and fertilizer special for plant source Sedum plumbizincicola as claimed in claim 7, wherein the water culture nutrient solution in S202 comprises the following components: ca (NO)3)2·4H2O 2.00mmol/L,KH2PO4 0.01mmol/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5mmol/L,KCl 0.1mmol/L,K2SO4 0.70mmol/L,H3BO3 10.00μmol/L。
10. The method for using the water fertilizer special for plant source Sedum plumbizincicola as claimed in claim 9, wherein the water culture nutrient solution in S202 further comprises MnSO4·H2O 0.5μmol/L,ZnSO4·7H2O 0.5μmol/L,CuSO4·5H2O 0.2μmol/L,(NH4)6Mo7O24 0.01μmol/L,Fe-EDTA 100μmol/L。
CN202110419014.7A 2021-04-19 2021-04-19 Preparation and application of plant source special water fertilizer for sedum plumbizincicola Pending CN113336577A (en)

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CN111183887A (en) * 2018-11-14 2020-05-22 湖南科技学院 Rapid cutting propagation method for zinc-cadmium super-accumulation plant Sedum plumbizincicola
CN112251236A (en) * 2020-09-28 2021-01-22 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所 Preparation and application method of plant-derived soil multi-metal eluting agent
CN112552130A (en) * 2020-12-29 2021-03-26 云南省林业和草原科学院 Solid-state walnut green seedcase microbial fertilizer and preparation and application thereof

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