CN113332292A - 6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺化合物 - Google Patents
6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺化合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113332292A CN113332292A CN202110445183.8A CN202110445183A CN113332292A CN 113332292 A CN113332292 A CN 113332292A CN 202110445183 A CN202110445183 A CN 202110445183A CN 113332292 A CN113332292 A CN 113332292A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- pyrazolo
- dihydro
- oxazine
- carboxamide
- cyclopropyl
- Prior art date
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- VYMFHYCOVQSQTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dihydro-5h-pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazine-2-carboxamide Chemical class O1CCCN2N=C(C(=O)N)C=C21 VYMFHYCOVQSQTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 213
- JROPBYGZSRBHDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxazine-2-carboxamide Chemical class NC(=O)N1OC=CC=C1 JROPBYGZSRBHDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- -1 cyano, hydroxy Chemical group 0.000 claims description 266
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 81
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 71
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 66
- 108010029485 Protein Isoforms Proteins 0.000 claims description 61
- 102000001708 Protein Isoforms Human genes 0.000 claims description 61
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 52
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 claims description 52
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 46
- 102100029168 cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B Human genes 0.000 claims description 44
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 25
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000004566 azetidin-1-yl group Chemical group N1(CCC1)* 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000003542 behavioural effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
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- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
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- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 9
- 101000988423 Homo sapiens cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4C Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
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- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 7
- MJHYQMWSWMXYQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-cyano-5-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-N-cyclopropyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazine-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C(#N)C1=CC(=C(C=C1F)C=1C(=NN2C=1OCCC2)C(=O)NC1CC1)C MJHYQMWSWMXYQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000004189 3,4-dichlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(Cl)=C(Cl)C([H])=C1* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004179 3-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(Cl)=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000339 4-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004939 6-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=CC=CC=C1* 0.000 claims description 4
- GRFHQTKEAOBDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-N-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazine-2-carboxamide Chemical compound Cc1cc(Cl)ccc1-c1c(nn2CC(F)COc12)C(=O)NC1CC1 GRFHQTKEAOBDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KKPVIUOWNKMGHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenyl)-N-propan-2-yl-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazine-2-carboxamide Chemical compound CC(C)NC(=O)c1nn2CCCOc2c1-c1ccc(cc1F)C#N KKPVIUOWNKMGHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQOTYNLKFJDUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-N-cyclopropyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazine-2-carboxamide Chemical compound Clc1ccc(nc1)-c1c2OCCCn2nc1C(=O)NC1CC1 ZQOTYNLKFJDUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZVWGRJASDAIIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(5-cyano-2-methylphenyl)-N-cyclopropyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazine-2-carboxamide Chemical compound Cc1ccc(cc1-c1c2OCCCn2nc1C(=O)NC1CC1)C#N ZVWGRJASDAIIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AJJQMMGWFICENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[6-(difluoromethoxy)pyridin-3-yl]-N-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazine-2-carboxamide Chemical compound CNC(=O)c1nn2CCCOc2c1-c1ccc(OC(F)F)nc1 AJJQMMGWFICENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QKDCLUARMDUUKN-XMMPIXPASA-N 6-ethyl-3-[4-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]anilino]-5-[(3r)-1-prop-2-enoylpyrrolidin-3-yl]oxypyrazine-2-carboxamide Chemical compound N1=C(O[C@H]2CN(CC2)C(=O)C=C)C(CC)=NC(C(N)=O)=C1NC(C=C1)=CC=C1N(CC1)CCC1N1CCN(C)CC1 QKDCLUARMDUUKN-XMMPIXPASA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TUHZURBDZPBKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ClC1=CC=C(C=C1)C=1C(=NN2C=1OCC(C2)(F)F)C(=O)NC1CC1 Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C=C1)C=1C(=NN2C=1OCC(C2)(F)F)C(=O)NC1CC1 TUHZURBDZPBKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AQWXGANUJJZTGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N azetidin-1-yl-[3-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazin-2-yl]methanone Chemical compound Fc1cc(ccc1Cl)-c1c2OCCCn2nc1C(=O)N1CCC1 AQWXGANUJJZTGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSAFHZCASRDUOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N azetidin-1-yl-[3-(5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazin-2-yl]methanone Chemical compound Cc1cncc(c1)-c1c2OCCCn2nc1C(=O)N1CCC1 QSAFHZCASRDUOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004786 difluoromethoxy group Chemical group [H]C(F)(F)O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 101000988424 Homo sapiens cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B Proteins 0.000 claims 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Substances C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 41
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 105
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 74
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 63
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 59
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Abstract
本发明涉及6,7‑二氢‑5H‑吡唑并[5,1‑b][1,3]噁嗪‑2‑甲酰胺化合物。具体地,本发明涉及式I:(I)的PDE4B抑制剂或其药学上可接受的盐,其中所述取代基R1、R2、R3和R4如本文中所定义。本发明还涉及含有所述化合物的药物组合物、使用所述化合物的治疗方法,和制备所述化合物的方法。
Description
本申请是申请日为2017年2月15日,申请号为201780013020.4,名称为“6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺化合物”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及式I的6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪化合物,其为PDE4同工酶的抑制剂,尤其对于PDE4B同种型具有结合亲和力;本发明还涉及这些化合物在用于治疗中枢神经系统(CNS)、代谢性、自身免疫性和炎性疾病或病症的方法中的用途。
发明背景
磷酸二酯酶(PDE)是一类细胞内酶,其将第二信使信号传导分子3',5'-环单磷酸腺苷(cAMP)和鸟苷3',5'-环单磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)分别水解为非信号传导的5'-单磷酸腺苷和5'-单磷酸鸟苷。
cAMP在体内起调节许多细胞内进程的第二信使的作用。一个例子是在中枢神经系统的神经元中,其中cAMP依赖性激酶的活化和随后的蛋白磷酸化作用涉及突触传递的快速调节以及神经元分化和存活。环核苷酸信号传导的复杂性由涉及cAMP合成和降解的酶的分子多样性显示。有至少十个腺苷酸环化酶家族和十一个磷酸二酯酶家族。此外,已知不同类型的神经元表达这些类别中每个类别的多种同工酶,并且存在用于给定神经元内的不同同工酶的功能的区室化和特异性的良好证据。
调节环核苷酸信号传导的主要机制是通过磷酸二酯酶催化的环核苷酸分解代谢。十一个已知的PDE家族由21个不同的基因编码;每个基因通常产生多个剪接变体,其进一步促进同工酶多样性。PDE家族基于环核苷酸底物特异性、调节机制和对抑制剂的敏感性而在功能上区分。此外,PDE在整个生物体(包括在中枢神经系统中)中差异表达。由于这些不同的酶活性和定位,不同的PDE同工酶可以提供不同的生理功能。此外,可选择性抑制不同PDE同工酶的化合物可提供特定的治疗效果,更少的副作用或两者(Deninno, M., FutureDirections in Phosphodiesterase Drug Discovery. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2012, 22, 6794-6800)。
本发明涉及对PDE的第四家族(即PDE4A、PDE4B、PDE4C和PDE4D)具有结合亲和力的化合物,特别是对PDE4A、PDE4B和PDE4C同种型具有结合亲和力的化合物。
PDE4同工酶对第二信使3',5'-环单磷酸腺苷(cAMP)进行选择性、高亲和力的水解降解,且其特征在于对由Rolipram TM(Schering AG)所产生的抑制的敏感性;已经在多种疾病模型中显示了由该抑制产生的有益药理学作用。近年来已发现许多其它PDE4抑制剂。例如,由AstraZenecais销售的Roflumilast(Daliresp®)被批准用于治疗严重慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD),以减少发作次数或预防COPD症状恶化。Apremilast(Otezla®)已被美国食品和药品管理局批准用于治疗患有活动性银屑病关节炎(active Psoriatic arthritis)的成人。
尽管PDE4抑制剂的有益药理学活性已显示,但这些治疗的常见副作用是诱发胃肠症状,例如恶心、呕吐和腹泻,其被推测与抑制PDE4D同种型有关。已经尝试开发具有对PDE4B同种型的亲和力超过PDE4D同种型的化合物(参见:Donnell, A. F. et al.,Identification of pyridazino[4,5-b]indolizines as selective PDE4B inhibitors. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2010, 20, 2163-7; 和Naganuma, K. etal., Discovery of selective PDE4B inhibitors. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2009, 19, 3174-6)。然而,仍然需要开发选择性PDE4抑制剂,尤其是那些对PDE4B同种型具有亲和力的抑制剂。特别是,预期对PDE4B同种型比对PDE4D同种型具有增强的结合亲和力的化合物可用于治疗各种中枢神经系统(CNS)疾病和病症。本发明所选择的化合物的发现解决了这种持续需要,并提供了治疗各种中枢神经系统(CNS)疾病和病症以及代谢性、自身免疫性和炎性疾病或病症的其它疗法。
用本发明的PDE4B抑制剂治疗还可以导致被认为与抑制PDE4D同种型相关的胃肠道副作用(例如,恶心、呕吐和腹泻)(Robichaud, A. et al., Deletion ofPhosphodiesterase 4D in Mice Shortens 2-Adrenoreceptor-Mediated Anesthesia, ABehavioral Correlate of Emesis. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2002, 110,1045-1052)的减少。
发明概述
本发明涉及式I的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
R1是选自(C3-C8)环烷基、(4-至10-元)杂环烷基、(C6-C10)芳基和(5-至10-元)杂芳基的取代基,其中所述(C3-C8)环烷基、(4-至10-元)杂环烷基、(C6-C10)芳基和(5-至10-元)杂芳基任选被一至五个R5取代;
R2和R3各自独立地选自氢、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C8)环烷基、(4-至10-元)杂环烷基、(C6-C10)芳基和(5-至10-元)杂芳基,其中所述(C3-C8)环烷基、(4-至10-元)杂环烷基、(C6-C10)芳基和(5-至10-元)杂芳基任选地被一至五个R6取代;或者
R2和R3与它们所连接的氮一起形成(4-至10-元)杂环烷基或(5-至10-元)杂芳基,其中所述(4-至10-元)杂环烷基和(5-至10-元)杂芳基任选被一至五个R6取代;
当存在时,R4在每次出现时独立地选自卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷硫基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、-N(R7)(R8)、-N(R7)(C=(O)R8)、-C(=O)N(R7)(R8)、-O-C(=O)-N(R7)(R8)、-C(=O)-R7、和-C(=O)-OR7;
当存在时,R5和R6在每次出现时独立地选自卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷硫基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、-N(R7)(R8)、-N(R7)(C=(O)R8)、-C(=O)N(R7)(R8)、-O-C(=O)-N(R7)(R8)、-C(=O)-R7、和-C(=O)-OR7;
R7和R8在每次出现时独立地选自氢和(C1-C6)烷基;和
a代表选自0、1、2或3的整数。
本发明化合物包括如本文所述的实施例1-64或其药学上可接受的盐。
式I化合物是PDE4B同种型的抑制剂。
式I化合物用于治疗或预防中枢神经系统(CNS)疾病和/或病症、疼痛、创伤、心血管性、血栓性、代谢性、自身免疫性和炎性疾病或病症,以及与增强的内皮细胞活性/内皮屏障功能受损相关的病症。
本发明还涉及本文所述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗或预防调节PDE4B基因家族(即PDE4B酶)可控制的病况(condition)的药物中的用途。
本发明还涉及药学上可接受的制剂,其含有本发明化合物和至少一种赋形剂的混合物,配制成药物剂型。此类剂型的实例包括片剂、胶囊、栓剂、凝胶、乳膏、软膏、洗剂、注射用溶液/悬浮液(例如贮库)、用于吸入的气溶胶和用于口服摄入的溶液/悬浮液。
发明详述
本文档中的标题仅用于加快读者的浏览。它们不应被解释为以任何方式限制本发明或权利要求。
定义和范例
如本申请全文所用,包括权利要求,除非另有明确说明,否则下列术语具有下面定义的含义。复数和单数应视为可互换,除非指示了数字:
如本文所用,术语“n-元”,其中n是整数,通常描述其中成环原子数为n的部分中的成环原子数。例如,吡啶是6元杂芳基环的实例,和噻唑是5元杂芳基的实例。
在本说明书的各个地方,本发明化合物的取代基以组或范围公开。特别意指本发明包括这些组和范围的成员的每个和每一单独的子组合。例如,术语“(C1-C6)烷基”特别意指包括C1烷基(甲基)、C2烷基(乙基)、C3烷基、C4烷基、C5烷基和C6烷基。对于另一个实例,术语“(5-至10-元)杂环烷基基团”特别意指包括任何5-、6-、7-、8-、9-、和10-元杂环烷基基团。
本文所用的术语“(C1-C6)烷基”是指含有1至6个碳原子的饱和支链或直链烷基基团,例如,但不限于,甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基和正己基。
如本文所用,术语“任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基”是指如上定义的(C1-C6)烷基,其中一个或多个氢原子被取代基代替,所述取代基选自卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、-N(R7)(R8)、-N(R7)(C(=O)R8)、-N(R7)C(=O)-OR8、-C(=O)-N(R7)(R8)、-O-C(=O)-N(R7)(R8)、-C(=O)-R7、-C(=O)-OR7、和(C3-C8)环烷基,其中R7和R8各自独立地为氢或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基。例如,(C1-C6)烷基部分可以被一个或多个卤素原子取代以形成“卤代(C1-C6)烷基”。卤代(C1-C6)烷基的代表性实例包括,但不限于,氟甲基、2-氟乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基和五氟乙基。
术语“(C2-C6)烯基”是指具有2至6个碳原子且具有至少一个碳-碳双键的脂族烃,包括具有至少一个碳-碳双键的直链或支链基团。代表性实例包括,但不限于,乙烯基、1-丙烯基、2-丙烯基(烯丙基)、异丙烯基、2-甲基-1-丙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基等。当本发明化合物含有(C2-C6)烯基时,该化合物可以以纯E(entgegen)形式、纯Z(zusammen)形式或其任何混合物形式存在。
术语“任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基”是指如上定义的(C2-C6)烯基,其中一个或多个氢原子被取代基代替,所述取代基选自卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、-N(R7)(R8)、-N(R7)(C(=O)R8)、-N(R7)C(=O)-OR8、-C(=O)-N(R7)(R8)、-O-C(=O)-N(R7)(R8)、-C(=O)-R7、-C(=O)-OR7、和(C3-C8)环烷基,其中R7和R8各自独立地为氢或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基。
术语“(C2-C6)炔基”是指具有二至六个碳原子和至少一个碳-碳三键的脂族烃,包括具有至少一个碳-碳三键的直链和支链。代表性实例包括,但不限于,乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基和己炔基。
术语“任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基”是指如上定义的(C2-C6)炔基,其中一个或多个氢原子被取代基代替,所述取代基选自卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基、-SF5、-N(R7)(R8)、-N(R7)(C(=O)R8)、-N(R7)C(=O)-OR8、-C(=O)-N(R7)(R8)、-O-C(=O)-N(R7)(R8)、-C(=O)-R7、-C(=O)-OR7、和(C3-C8)环烷基,其中R7和R8各自独立地为氢或任选地取代的(C1-C6)烷基。
本文所用的术语“(C1-C6)烷氧基”是指通过氧原子与母体分子部分连接的如上定义的(C1-C6)烷基。(C1-C6)烷氧基的代表性实例包括,但不限于,甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、2-丙氧基、丁氧基、叔丁氧基、戊氧基和己氧基。
本文所用的术语“任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基”是指如上定义的(C1-C6)烷氧基,其中一个或多个氢原子被取代基代替,所述取代基选自卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、-N(R7)(R8)、-N(R7)(C(=O)R8)、-N(R7)C(=O)-OR8、-C(=O)-N(R7)(R8)、-O-C(=O)-N(R7)(R8)、-C(=O)-R7、-C(=O)-OR7、和(C3-C8)环烷基,其中R7和R8各自独立地为氢或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基。例如,(C1-C6)烷氧基可以被一个或多个卤素原子取代,形成“卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基”。卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基的代表性实例包括,但不限于,氟代甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、2-氟乙氧基、三氟甲氧基、和五氟乙氧基。
本文所用的术语“(C1-C6)烷硫基”是指通过硫原子与母体分子部分连接的如上定义的(C1-C6)烷基。(C1-C6)烷硫基的代表性实例包括,但不限于,甲硫基、乙硫基、丙硫基等。
本文所用的术语“任选取代的(C1-C6)烷硫基”是指如上定义的(C1-C6)烷硫基,其中一个或多个氢原子被取代基代替,所述取代基选自卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、-N(R7)(R8)、-N(R7)(C(=O)R8)、-N(R7)C(=O)-OR8、-C(=O)-N(R7)(R8)、-O-C(=O)-N(R7)(R8)、-C(=O)-R7、-C(=O)-OR7、和(C3-C8)环烷基,其中R7和R8各自独立地为氢或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基。
如本文所用,术语“(C3-C8)环烷基”是指通过从其中环状骨架具有3至8个碳的饱和碳环分子中除去氢而获得的碳环取代基。“(C3-C6)环烷基”是指通过从具有3至6个碳原子的饱和碳环分子中除去氢而获得的碳环取代基。“环烷基”可以是单环环,其实例包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基和环辛基。环烷基的定义还包括不饱和的非芳族环烷基,例如,但不限于,环己烯基、环己二烯基、环戊烯基、环庚烯基和环辛烯基。或者,环烷基可含有一个以上的环,例如“(C4-C8)双环烷基”。术语“(C4-C8)双环烷基”是指含有4至8个碳原子的双环环系。双环烷基可稠合,例如双环[1.1.0]丁基、双环[2.10]戊基、双环[2.2.0]己基、双环[3.1.0]己基, 双环[3.2.0]庚基、和双环[3.3.0]辛基。术语“双环烷基”还包括桥连双环烷基系统,例如,但不限于,双环[2.2.1]庚基和双环[1.1.1]戊基。
术语“任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基”是指如上定义的(C3-C8)环烷基,其中一个或多个氢原子被取代基代替,所述取代基选自卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷硫基、-N(R7)(R8)、-N(R7)(C(=O)R8)、-N(R7)C(=O)-OR8、-C(=O)-N(R7)(R8)、-O-C(=O)-N(R7)(R8)、-C(=O)-R7、-C(=O)-OR7、和(C3-C8)环烷基,其中R7和R8各自独立地为氢或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基。
如本文所用的“杂环烷基”是指如上定义的环烷基,其中至少一个环碳原子被替换为选自氮、氧或硫的杂原子。术语“(4-至6-元)杂环烷基”是指杂环烷基取代基含有总共4至6个环原子,其中至少一个是杂原子。术语“(4-至8-元)杂环烷基”是指杂环烷基取代基含有总共4至8个环原子,其中至少一个是杂原子。“(4-至10-元)杂环烷基”是指杂环烷基取代基含有总共4至10个环原子。“(6-元)杂环烷基”是指杂环烷基取代基含有总共6个环原子,其中至少一个是杂原子。“(5-元)杂环烷基”是指杂环烷基取代基含有总共5个环原子,其中至少一个是杂原子。杂环烷基可以是具有最多总共10个成员的单环。或者,如上定义的杂环烷基可包含稠合在一起的2或3个环,其中至少一个这样的环含有杂原子作为环原子(即氮、氧或硫)。杂环烷基取代基可以通过具有适当价态的氮原子或通过任何环碳原子与本发明化合物的吡唑并噁嗪核连接。杂环烷基取代基也可以与吡唑并噁嗪核上的酰胺部分的氮连接。杂环烷基部分可以任选地在具有适当价态的氮原子上或在任何可用的碳原子上被一个或多个取代基取代。
“杂环烷基”的定义中还包括与苯基或萘基环或杂芳基环(例如,但不限于,吡啶基环或嘧啶基环)稠合的杂环烷基。
杂环烷基环的实例包括,但不限于,氮杂环丁烷基、二氢呋喃基、二氢噻吩基、四氢噻吩基、四氢呋喃基、四氢三嗪基、四氢吡唑基、四氢噁嗪基、四氢嘧啶基、八氢苯并呋喃基、八氢苯并咪唑基、八氢苯并噻唑基、咪唑烷基、吡咯烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、噁唑烷基、噻唑烷基、吡唑烷基、硫代吗啉基、四氢吡喃基、四氢噻嗪基、四氢噻二嗪基、四氢噁唑基、吗啉基、氧杂环丁烷基、四氢二嗪基、噁嗪基、氧杂噻嗪基、奎宁环基、苯并二氢吡喃基(chromanyl)、异苯并二氢吡喃基(isochromanyl)、二氢苯并二噁英基(dihydrobenzodioxinyl)、苯并二氧杂环戊烯基(benzodioxolyl)、苯并噁嗪基、二氢吲哚基、二氢苯并呋喃基、四氢喹啉基、异色满基(isochromyl)、二氢-1H-异吲哚基、2-氮杂双环[2.2.1]庚酰基、3-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己基、3-氮杂双环[4.1.0]庚基等。杂环烷基环的其它实例包括四氢呋喃-2-基、四氢呋喃-3-基、咪唑烷-1-基、咪唑烷-2-基、咪唑烷-4-基、吡咯烷-1-基、吡咯烷-2-基、吡咯烷-3-基、哌啶-1-基、哌啶-2-基、哌啶-3-基、哌啶-4-基、哌嗪-1-基、哌嗪-2-基、1,3-噁唑烷-3-基、1,4-氧杂环庚烷-1-基、异噻唑烷基、1,3-噻唑烷-3-基、1,2-吡唑烷-2-基、1,2-四氢噻嗪-2-基、1,3-噻嗪烷-3-基(1,3-thiazinan-3-yl)、1,2-四氢二嗪-2-基、1,3-四氢二嗪-1-基、1,4-噁嗪-4-基、噁唑烷酮基、2-氧代-哌啶基(例如,2-氧代-哌啶-1-基)等。
术语“任选取代的杂环烷基”[例如,任选取代的(4-至10-元)杂环烷基]是指如上定义的杂环烷基,其中一个或多个氢原子在化学上允许的情况下被取代基代替,所述取代基选自:卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷硫基、-N(R7)(R8)、N(R7)(C(=O)R8)、-N(R7)C(=O)-OR8、-C(=O)-N(R7)(R8)、-O-C(=O)-N(R7)(R8)、-C(=O)-R7、-C(=O)-OR7、和(C3-C8)环烷基,其中R7和R8各自独立地为氢或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基。
“(C6-C10)芳基”是指具有含6至10个碳原子的共轭π电子系统的全碳单环或稠环多环芳族基团,例如苯基或萘基。
术语“任选取代的(C6-C10)芳基”是指如上定义的(C6-C10)芳基,其中一个或多个氢原子被取代基代替,所述取代基选自:卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷硫基、-N(R7)(R8)、N(R7)(C(=O)R8)、-N(R7)C(=O)-OR8、-C(=O)-N(R7)(R8)、-O-C(=O)-N(R7)(R8)、-C(=O)-R7、-C(=O)-OR7、和(C3-C8)环烷基,其中R7和R8各自独立地为氢或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基。
如本文所用,术语“杂芳基”是指在至少一个环中具有一个或多个杂原子环成员(成环原子)的单环或稠环多环芳族杂环基团,所述杂原子环成员各自独立地选自氧(O)、硫(S)和氮(N)。“(5-至14-元)杂芳基”环是指具有5至14个环原子的杂芳基环,其中至少一个环原子是杂原子(即氧、氮或硫),剩余的环原子独立地选自碳、氧、氮和硫。“(5-至10-元)杂芳基”环是指具有5至10个环原子的杂芳基环,其中至少一个环原子是杂原子(即,氧、氮或硫),剩余的环原子独立地选自碳、氧、氮和硫。“(5-至10-元)含氮杂芳基”环是指具有5至10个环原子的杂芳基环,其中至少一个环原子是氮,其余环原子独立地选自碳和氮。“(5-至6-元)杂芳基”是指具有5至6个环原子的杂芳基环,其中至少一个环原子是杂原子(即,氧、氮或硫),其余的环原子独立地选自碳、氧、氮和硫。“(5-至6-元)含氮杂芳基”是指具有5至6个环原子的杂芳基环,其中环中的一个杂原子是氮。“(6-元)含氮杂芳基”是指具有6个环原子的杂芳基环,其中环中的一个杂原子是氮。“(5-元)含氮杂芳基”是指具有5个环原子的杂芳基环,其中环中的一个杂原子是氮。杂芳基可以由单环或2或3个稠合环组成。杂芳基的实例包括,但不限于,6-元环取代基,例如吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基和哒嗪基;5元杂芳基,例如三唑基、咪唑基、呋喃基、异噁唑基、异噻唑基、1,2,3-、1,2,4、1,2,5-或1,3,4-噁二唑基、噁唑基、噻吩基、噻唑基、异噻唑基和吡唑基;6/5元稠合环取代基如吲哚基、吲唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻吩基、苯并噁二唑基、苯并噻唑基、异苯并噻吩基(isobenzothiofuranyl)、苯并噻吩基(benzothiofuranyl)、苯并异噁唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并二氧杂环戊烯基、呋喃并吡啶基、嘌呤基、咪唑并吡啶基、咪唑并嘧啶基、吡咯并吡啶基、吡唑并吡啶基、吡唑并嘧啶基、噻吩并吡啶基、三唑并嘧啶基、三唑并吡啶基(例如,[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-2-基)和氨茴内酐基(anthranilyl);和6/6元稠合环取代基,例如喹啉基、异喹啉基、噌啉基、喹唑啉基、氧代苯并二氢吡喃基和1,4-苯并噁嗪基。
应理解,杂芳基可任选与本文所定义的环烷基基团或杂环烷基基团稠合。
杂芳基取代基可以通过具有适当价态的氮原子、或通过任何环碳原子与本发明化合物的吡唑并噁嗪核连接或与吡唑并噁嗪核上的酰胺部分的氮连接。杂芳基部分可以任选地在具有适当价态的氮原子上或在任何可用的碳原子上被一个或多个取代基取代。
术语“任选取代的(5-至14-元)杂芳基”,“任选取代的(5-至6-元)杂芳基”和“任选取代的(5-至6-元)含氮杂芳基”是指如上定义的(5-至14-元)杂芳基、(5-至6-元)杂芳基和(5-至6-元)含氮杂芳基,其中一个或多个氢原子在化学上允许的情况下被取代基代替,所述取代基选自:卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷硫基、-N(R7)(R8)、-N(R7)(C(=O)R8)、-N(R7)C(=O)-OR8、-C(=O)-N(R7)(R8)、-O-C(=O)-N(R7)(R8)、-C(=O)-R7、-C(=O)-OR7、和(C3-C8)环烷基,其中R7和R8各自独立地为氢或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基。取代基可以在任何可用的碳原子上与杂芳基部分连接,或当杂原子是具有适当价态的氮时,与杂原子连接。
如本文所用,“卤素(halo或halogen)”是指氯、氟、溴或碘原子。
如本文所用,“羟基(hydroxy或hydroxyl)”是指-OH基团。
如本文所用,“硝基”是指-NO2基团。
如本文所用,“氧代”是指=O部分。当氧代在碳原子上取代时,它们一起形成羰基部分[-C(=O)-]。当氧代在硫原子上取代时,它们一起形成亚砜部分[-S(=O)-];当两个氧代基团在硫原子上取代时,它们一起形成磺酰基部分[-S(=O)2-]。
如本文所用,“任选取代的”是指取代是任选的,并因此包括未取代的和取代的原子和部分。“取代的”原子或部分表示指定原子或部分上的任何氢可以用由指定取代基中选择的取代基进行替换(直至并包括指定原子或部分上的每个氢原子都被替换为由指定取代基中选择的取代基),条件是不超过指定原子或部分的正常价,且该取代产生稳定的化合物。例如,如果甲基(即-CH3)任选被取代,则碳原子上最多3个氢原子可被替换为取代基。
如本文所用,除非另有说明,取代基的连接点可以来自取代基的任何合适位置。例如,吡啶基(pyridinyl或pyridyl))可以是2-吡啶基(或吡啶-2-基)、3-吡啶基(或吡啶-3-基)、或4-吡啶基(或吡啶-4-基)。
当与取代基连接的键显示为横跨连接环中的两个原子的键时,则该取代基可键合到该环中可取代的任何成环原子上(即键合到一个或多个氢原子上)。例如,如上式I所示,R4可以键合到四氢吡喃环的任何可取代的成环原子。
“治疗有效量”是指将在一定程度上缓解所治疗病症的一种或多种症状的所给药的化合物的量。
“患者”是指温血动物,例如猪、牛、鸡、马、豚鼠、小鼠、大鼠、沙鼠、猫、兔、狗、猴、黑猩猩和人。
除非另有说明,否则本文所用的“治疗(treating或treat)”是指逆转、减轻、抑制该术语所适用的病症或病况的进展或预防所述病症或病况,或所述病症或病况的一种或多种症状。除非另有说明,本文所用的术语“治疗(treatment)”是指如上文刚定义的“治疗”的治疗行为,如上所述。术语“治疗(treating)”还包括对象的辅助和新辅助治疗。
“药学上可接受的”表示该物质或组合物必须在化学和/或毒理学上与构成制剂的其它成分和/或用其治疗的哺乳动物相容。
“同种型”是指相同蛋白质的几种不同形式中的任何一种。
“同工酶(Isozyme或isoenzyme)”是指酶的密切相关变体,其氨基酸序列不同但催化相同的化学反应。
“异构体”是指如下定义的“立体异构体”和“几何异构体”。
“立体异构体”是指具有一个或多个手性中心的化合物,其可各自以R或S构型存在。立体异构体包括所有非对映异构、对映异构和差向异构形式以及外消旋体及其混合物。
“几何异构体”是指可以以顺式(cis)、反式(trans)、逆式(anti)、entgegen(E)和zusammen(Z)形式以及它们的混合物形式存在的化合物。
本说明书互换地使用术语“取代基”、“基团(radical)”和“基团(group)”。
如果取代基被描述为从一个组中“独立地选择”,则取代基的每个实例独立于任何其它进行选择。因此,每个取代基可以与其它取代基相同或不同。
如本文所用,术语“式I”在下文中可称为“本发明的化合物”。“这些术语也定义为包括本发明化合物的所有形式,包括其水合物、溶剂化物、异构体、结晶和非结晶形式、同晶体、多晶型物和代谢物。例如,本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可以非溶剂化和溶剂化形式存在。当溶剂或水紧密结合时,络合物将具有与湿度无关的明确的化学计量。然而,当溶剂或水弱结合时,如在通道溶剂化物(channel solvate)和吸湿性化合物中,水/溶剂含量将取决于湿度和干燥条件。在这种情况下,非化学计量将是常态。
本发明化合物可以以包合物或其它络合物存在。包括在本发明范围内的是络合物,例如包合物、药物-宿主包合复合物(其中药物和宿主以化学计量或非化学计量的量存在)。还包括含有两种或更多种有机和/或无机组分的本发明化合物的络合物,其可以是化学计量或非化学计量的量。所得复合物可以是离子化的、部分离子化的或非离子化的。关于此类复合物的综述,参见Haleblian的J. Pharm. Sci., 64 (8), 1269-1288 (1975年8月)。
一些本发明化合物具有不对称碳原子。本文中可使用实线()、实心楔形()或点状楔形()描绘本发明化合物的碳-碳键。使用实线描述与不对称碳原子连接的键是指包括在该碳原子上的所有可能的立体异构体(例如,特定的对映异构体、外消旋混合物等)。使用实心或点状楔形来描绘与不对称碳原子连接的键是指存在所示的立体异构体。当以外消旋化合物存在时,实心和点状楔形用于定义相对立体化学,而不是绝对立体化学。具有这种指示的相对立体化学的外消旋化合物用(+/-)标记。除非另有说明,否则意指本发明化合物可以作为立体异构体存在,其包括顺式和反式异构体、光学异构体如R和S对映异构体、非对映异构体、几何异构体、旋转异构体、构象异构体、阻转异构体及其混合物(如外消旋体和非对映异构体对)。本发明的化合物可以表现出一种类型以上的异构现象。还包括酸加成盐或碱加成盐,其中抗衡离子是光学活性的,例如D-乳酸盐或L-赖氨酸,或外消旋的,例如DL-酒石酸盐或DL-精氨酸。
当任何外消旋体结晶时,两种不同类型的晶体是可能的。第一类是上面提到的外消旋化合物(真正的外消旋物),其中产生一种均相形式的晶体,其含有等摩尔量的两种对映异构体。第二种类型是外消旋混合物或聚集物,其中两种形式的晶体以等摩尔量产生,每种晶体包含单一对映异构体。
本发明化合物可以以衍生自无机或有机酸的盐的形式使用。取决于具体化合物,由于盐的一种或多种物理性质,例如在不同温度和湿度下的增强的药物稳定性,或在水或油中的所需溶解度,化合物的盐可能是有利的。在一些情况下,化合物的盐也可用作分离、纯化和/或拆分化合物的辅助剂。
当意图将盐给药于患者时(与例如在体外环境中使用相反),盐优选是药学上可接受的。术语“药学上可接受的盐”是指通过将本发明化合物与酸或碱结合而制备的盐,所述酸的阴离子或碱的阳离子通常被认为适合于哺乳动物食用。药学上可接受的盐特别可用作本发明方法的产物,因为它们相对于母体化合物具有更高的水溶性。
在可能的情况下,本发明化合物的合适的药学上可接受的酸加成盐包括衍生自无机酸和有机酸的盐,所述无机酸例如,但不限于,盐酸、氢溴酸、氢氟酸、硼酸、氟硼酸、磷酸、偏磷酸、硝酸、碳酸、磺酸和硫酸;所述有机酸例如乙酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、柠檬酸、乙磺酸、富马酸、葡萄糖酸、乙醇酸、羟乙基磺酸、乳酸、乳糖酸、马来酸、苹果酸、甲磺酸、三氟甲磺酸、琥珀酸、甲苯磺酸、酒石酸和三氟乙酸。合适的有机酸通常包括,但不限于,脂族、脂环族、芳族、芳脂族、杂环、羧酸类和磺酸类有机酸。
合适的有机酸的具体实例包括,但不限于,乙酸、三氟乙酸、甲酸、丙酸、琥珀酸、乙醇酸、葡糖酸、二葡糖酸、乳酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、葡糖醛酸、马来酸、富马酸、丙酮酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、苯甲酸、邻氨基苯甲酸、硬脂酸、水杨酸、对羟基苯甲酸、苯乙酸、扁桃酸、恩波酸(embonate)(双羟萘酸(pamoate))、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、苯磺酸、泛酸、甲苯磺酸、2-羟基乙磺酸、对氨基苯磺酸(sufanilate)、环己基氨基乙磺酸、海藻酸(algenicacid)、β-羟基丁酸、半乳糖二酸、半乳糖醛酸、己二酸、藻酸、丁酸、樟脑酸、樟脑磺酸、环戊烷丙酸、十二烷基硫酸、乙醇庚酸(glycoheptanoate)、甘油磷酸、庚酸、己酸、烟酸、2-萘磺酸、草酸、棕榈酸、果胶酸、3-苯基丙酸、苦味酸、新戊酸、硫氰酸、和十一酸。
此外,当本发明化合物带有酸性部分时,其合适的药学上可接受的盐可包括碱金属盐,例如钠盐或钾盐;碱土金属盐,例如钙盐或镁盐;和与合适的有机配体形成的盐,例如季铵盐。在另一个实施方案中,碱盐由形成无毒盐的碱形成,包括铝、精氨酸、苄星青霉素、胆碱、二乙胺、二乙醇胺(diolamine)、甘氨酸、赖氨酸、葡甲胺(N-甲基葡糖胺)、乙醇胺(olamine)、氨丁三醇和锌盐。
有机盐可以由仲胺、叔胺或季铵盐制成,例如氨丁三醇、二乙胺、N,N’-二苄基乙二胺、氯普鲁卡因、胆碱、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、葡甲胺和普鲁卡因。碱性含氮基团可以用诸如低级烷基(C1-C6)卤化物(例如甲基、乙基、丙基和丁基氯化物、溴化物和碘化物)、二烷基硫酸酯(例如二甲基、二乙基、二丁基和二戊基硫酸酯)、长链卤化物(例如,癸基、月桂基、肉豆蔻基和硬脂基氯化物、溴化物和碘化物)、芳基烷基卤化物(例如苄基和苯乙基溴化物)等的试剂进行季铵化。
在一个实施方案中,还可以形成酸和碱的半盐,例如半硫酸盐和半钙盐。
本发明的某些化合物可以几何异构体存在。本发明的化合物可具有一个或多个不对称中心,因此以两种或更多种立体异构形式存在。本发明包括本发明化合物的所有单个的立体异构体和几何异构体及其混合物。单个对映异构体可通过手性分离或在合成中使用相关的对映异构体获得。
此外,本发明化合物可以以非溶剂化形式以及与药学上可接受的溶剂如水、乙醇等的溶剂化形式存在。通常,为了本发明的目的,溶剂化形式被认为等同于非溶剂化形式。化合物也可以以一种或多种结晶状态存在,即多晶型,或者它们可以作为无定形固体存在。所有这些形式都包含在权利要求中。
在本发明范围内的还有本发明化合物的所谓“前药”。因此,本发明化合物的某些衍生物本身可能具有很少或没有药理学活性,当给药至体内或身体上时,可以转化成具有所需活性的本发明化合物,例如通过水解裂解。这些衍生物被称为“前药”。关于前药使用的更多信息可以在”Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems,Vol. 14, ACS SymposiumSeries(T. Higuchi和W. Stella)和“Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design”,Pergamon Press,1987(编辑:E. B. Roche,American Pharmaceutical Association)中找到。例如,根据本发明的前药可以通过将本发明化合物中存在的适当官能团替换为本领域技术人员已知的作为“前体部分”的某些部分来制备,例如,在 H. Bundgaard的“Design ofProdrugs”(Elsevier,1985)中所描述的。
本发明还包括含有保护基团的本发明化合物。本领域技术人员还将理解,本发明化合物还可以用某些用于纯化或储存的保护基团制备,并且可以在给药至患者之前除去。官能团的保护和去保护描述于J. F. W. McOmie编辑的“Protective Groups in OrganicChemistry”, Plenum Press(1973)和“Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”,第3版,T. W. Greene和P. G. M. Wuts,Wiley-Interscience(1999)中。
本发明还包括所有药学上可接受的同位素标记的化合物,其与本文所述的那些相同,其中一个或多个原子被具有相同原子序数但原子质量或质量数不同于在自然界中占主导地位的原子质量或质量数的原子代替。适合包含在本发明化合物中的同位素的实例包括,但不限于,氢的同位素,例如2H、3H;碳的同位素,例如11C、13C和14C;氯的同位素,例如36Cl;氟的同位素,例如18F;碘的同位素,例如123I和125I;氮的同位素,例如13N和15N;氧的同位素,例如15O、17O和18O;磷的同位素,例如32P;和硫的同位素,例如35S。某些同位素标记的本发明化合物,例如掺入放射性同位素的化合物,可用于药物和/或底物组织分布研究(例如,测定)。放射性同位素氚(即3H)和碳-14(即14C),鉴于它们易于掺入和快速的检测手段,特别适用于此目的。用较重的同位素例如氘(即2H)取代可以提供某些治疗优势,这是由于更高的代谢稳定性,例如体内半衰期延长或剂量需求减少,因此在某些情况下可能是优选的。用正电子发射同位素(例如11C、15F、18F、15O和13N)取代可用于正电子发射断层扫描(PET)研究以检查底物受体占有率。同位素标记的本发明化合物通常可以通过本领域技术人员已知的常规技术或通过与所附反应方案和/或实施例和制备中所述的那些方法类似的方法,使用适当的同位素标记的试剂代替先前使用的未标记试剂。根据本发明的药学上可接受的溶剂化物包括其中结晶溶剂可以被同位素取代的那些,例如D2O、丙酮-d 6 或DMSO-d 6 。包括下述实施例1-104中举例说明的化合物的本发明化合物包括这些化合物的同位素标记形式,例如,但不限于,氘代和氚代同位素以及上面讨论的所有其它同位素。
化合物
如上所述的式I化合物含有6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪核,其中该核在3-位被R1部分取代,R1部分任选被一至三个R5取代;任选地在5-、6-和/或7-位被R4部分取代;并且连接在6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪核的2-位上的酰胺部分的氮被R2和R3取代。
在一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式I中,R1是任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基。当R1是任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基时,环烷基选自环丙基、环丁基、环戊基和环己基。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式I中,R1是任选取代的(4-至10-元)杂环烷基。当R1是任选取代的(4-至10-元)杂环烷基时,杂环烷基选自氮杂环丁烷基、二氢呋喃基、二氢噻吩基、四氢噻吩基、四氢呋喃基、四氢三嗪基、四氢吡唑基、四氢噁嗪基、四氢嘧啶基、八氢苯并呋喃基、八氢苯并咪唑基、八氢苯并噻唑基、咪唑烷基、吡咯烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、噁唑烷基、异噻唑烷基、噻唑烷基、吡唑烷基、硫代吗啉基、四氢吡喃基、四氢噻嗪基、四氢噻二嗪基、四氢噁唑基、吗啉基、氧杂环丁烷基、四氢二嗪基、二氢噁嗪基、氧杂噻嗪基、奎宁环基、苯并二氢吡喃基、异苯并二氢吡喃基、二氢苯并二噁英基、苯并二氧杂环戊烯基、苯并噁嗪基、二氢吲哚基、二氢苯并呋喃基、四氢喹啉基、异苯并二氢吡喃基、二氢-1H-异吲哚基、2-氮杂双环[2.2.1]庚酰基、3-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己基和3-氮杂双环[4.1.0]庚基。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式I中,R1是任选取代的选自苯基或萘基的(C6-C10)芳基。
在某些其它实施方案中,当R1是任选取代的(C6-C10)芳基时,所述芳基是苯基。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式I中,R1是任选取代的(5-至10-元)杂芳基。
在某些实施方案中,R1是任选取代的(5-至10-元)杂芳基。
在某些其它实施方案中,R1是任选取代的(5-至6-元)杂芳基。
在某些实施方案中,当R1是任选取代的(5-至10-元)杂芳基时,所述杂芳基选自三唑基、咪唑基、呋喃基、异噁唑基、异噻唑基、1,2,3-、1,2,4、1,2,5-或1,3,4-噁二唑基、噁唑基、噻吩基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、吡唑基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吲哚基、吲唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻吩基、苯并噁二唑基、苯并噻唑基、异苯并噻吩基(isobenzothiofuranyl)、苯并噻吩基(benzothiofuranyl)、苯并异噁唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并二氧杂环戊烯基、呋喃并吡啶基(furanopyridinyl)、嘌呤基、咪唑并吡啶基、咪唑并嘧啶基、吡咯并吡啶基、吡唑并吡啶基、吡唑并嘧啶基、噻吩并吡啶基、三唑并嘧啶基、三唑并吡啶基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、噌啉基、喹唑啉基、氧代苯并吡喃基(oxochromenyl)、和1,4-苯并噁嗪基。
在某些其它实施方案中,当R1是任选取代的(5-至10-元)杂芳基时,所述杂芳基选自吡啶基、三唑并吡啶基、吡唑并吡啶基和苯并噁唑基。
在某些实施方案中,当R1是任选取代的(5-至6-元)杂芳基时,所述杂芳基是(5-元)含氮杂芳基。例如,所述(5-元)含氮杂芳基选自吡唑基、咪唑基和三唑基。
在某些实施方案中,当R1是任选取代的(5-至6-元)杂芳基时,所述杂芳基是(6-元)含氮杂芳基。例如,所述(6-元)含氮杂芳基选自吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基和哒嗪基。在某些实施方案中,所述(6-元)含氮杂芳基是吡啶基。
在任何前述实施方案中,在化学上允许的情况下,R1任选地被一至三个R5取代,并且每个R5独立地选自卤素、氰基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基和任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基。
在某些实施方案中,R5是选自氟或氯的卤素。
在某些其它实施方案中,R5是任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基,并且所述烷基选自甲基、乙基或丙基,并且甲基、乙基和丙基任选地被一至三个氟原子取代。例如,任选取代的烷基包括,但不限于,氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、氟乙基、二氟乙基、三氟乙基等。
在另一个实施方案中,R5是任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基,并且所述烷氧基选自甲氧基、乙氧基或丙氧基,并且甲氧基、乙氧基和丙氧基任选地被一至三个氟原子取代。例如,任选取代的烷氧基包括,但不限于,氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、氟乙氧基、二氟乙氧基、三氟乙氧基等。
应当理解,R1的任何上述亚类可以与如上文和下文所述的R2、R3和R4的任何实施方案组合在一起。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式I中,R2和R3各自独立地选自氢、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C8)环烷基、和(5-至6-元)杂芳基,并且在化学上允许的情况下,所述(C3-C8)环烷基和(5-至6-元)杂芳基任选被一至三个R6取代。
在某些实施方案中,在如上所述的式I中,R2和R3中的一个是氢,和另一个是任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基。
在某些实施方案中,当R2和R3之一是任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基时,所述烷基选自甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、丁基、叔丁基、戊基和己基。
在某些实施方案中,当R2和R3之一是任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基时,所述烷基选自甲基、乙基、正丙基和异丙基。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式I中;R2和R3中的一个是氢,和另一个是(C3-C8)环烷基,其中所述环烷基任选被一至三个R6取代。
在某些实施方案中,当R2和R3之一是任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基时,所述环烷基选自环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环辛基或双环[1.1.1]戊基。
在某些实施方案中,当R2和R3之一是任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基时,所述环烷基选自环丙基、环丁基和环戊基。
在某些实施方案中,当R2和R3之一是任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基时,所述环烷基是环丙基。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式I中;R2和R3中的一个是氢,和另一个是(5-至6-元)杂芳基,其中所述杂芳基任选被一至三个R6取代。
在某些实施方案中,当R2和R3之一是任选取代的(5-至6-元)杂芳基时,所述杂芳基选自三唑基、咪唑基、呋喃基、异噁唑基、异噻唑基、1,2,3-、1,2,4、1,2,5-或1,3,4-噁二唑基、噁唑基、噻吩基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、吡唑基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基或哒嗪基。
在某些实施方案中,当R2和R3之一是任选取代的(5-至6-元)杂芳基时,所述杂芳基是(5-至6-元)含氮杂芳基。
在某些实施方案中,当R2和R3之一是任选取代的(5-至6-元)含氮杂芳基时,所述杂芳基选自三唑基、咪唑基、吡唑基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、或哒嗪基。
在某些实施方案中,当R2和R3之一是任选取代的(5-至6-元)含氮杂芳基时,所述杂芳基选自三唑基、吡唑基或嘧啶基。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式I中,R2和R3与它们所连接的氮一起形成任选被一至三个R6取代的(4-至6-元)杂环烷基。
在某些实施方案中,当R2和R3与它们所连接的氮一起形成(4-至6-元)杂环烷基时,所述杂环烷基选自氮杂环丁烷基、四氢吡唑基、四氢噁嗪基、四氢嘧啶基、咪唑烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、噁唑烷基和吡咯烷基。
在某些实施方案中,当R2和R3与它们所连接的氮一起形成(4-至6-元)杂环烷基时,所述杂环烷基是氮杂环丁烷基。
在任何前述实施方案中,当R2和R3之一是(C3-C8)环烷基、或被一至三个R6取代的(5-至6-元)杂芳基、或R2和R3与它们所连接的氮一起形成任选被一至三个R6取代的(4-至6-元)杂环烷基时,R6在每次出现时独立地选自卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基和任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基。
在某些实施方案中,当R6是卤素时,所述卤素选自氟和氯。
在某些其它实施方案中,当R6是任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基时,所述烷基选自甲基、乙基或丙基,并且所述甲基、乙基和丙基任选被一至三个氟原子取代。例如,任选取代的烷基包括,但不限于,氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、氟乙基、二氟乙基、三氟乙基等。
在另一个实施方案中,当R6是任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基时,所述烷氧基选自甲氧基、乙氧基或丙氧基,并且所述甲氧基、乙氧基和丙氧基任选被一至三个氟原子取代。例如,任选取代的烷氧基包括,但不限于,氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、氟乙氧基、二氟乙氧基,三氟乙氧基等。
应理解,任何上述R2和R3的亚类可与上文和下文所述的任何实施方案组合在一起。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式I中,当存在时,每个R4独立地选自卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、和任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基。
在某些实施方案中,当R4是卤素时,所述卤素选自氟或氯。
在某些其它实施方案中,当R4是任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基和/或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基时,所述(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基如在上文任何前述实施方案中所述。
应当理解,R4的任何上述亚类可以与如上文所述的R1,R2和R3的任何实施方案组合在一起。
在另一个实施方案中,在上文任一前述实施方案中所述的式I中,a是选自0、1或2的整数。在某些实施方案中,a为0。在某些其它实施方案中,a为1。在某些其它实施方案中,a为2。
在某些其它实施方案中,本发明涉及式II的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
R2和R3各自独立地选自氢、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基和(C3-C8)环烷基,其中所述(C3-C8)环烷基任选被一至三个R6取代;或
R2和R3与它们所连接的氮一起形成任选被一至三个R6取代的(4-至6-元)杂环烷基;
当存在时,每个R4独立地选自卤素或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基;
当存在时,R5和R6在每次出现时独立地选自卤素、氰基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基和任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基;和
a是选自0、1或2的整数。
在某些实施方案中,在如上所述的式II中,R2和R3中的一个是氢,和另一个是任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基。例如,所述(C1-C6)烷基可选自甲基、乙基、正丙基和异丙基。
在某些其它实施方案中,在如上所述的式II中,R2和R3中的一个是氢,和另一个是任选被一至三个R6取代的(C3-C8)环烷基。例如,所述(C3-C8)环烷基可选自环丙基、环丁基和环戊基。在某些实施方案中,所述(C3-C8)环烷基是环丙基。
在某些实施方案中,在如上所述的式II中,R2和R3与它们所连接的氮一起形成任选被一至三个R6取代的(4-至6-元)杂环烷基。例如,所述(4-至6-元)杂环烷基是氮杂环丁烷基。
在另一个实施方案中,所选择的本发明化合物可用于治疗PDE4B-介导的病症,包括给药有此需要的哺乳动物(优选人)治疗有效量的本发明化合物,其有效抑制PDE4B活性;更优选地,给药一定量的本发明化合物,其对PDE4B具有改善的结合亲和力,同时对PDE4D具有更低的抑制活性。
在某些其它实施方案中,所选择的本发明化合物可以表现出对PDE4B同种型的结合亲和力。
在某些实施方案中,与PDE4D同种型相比,本发明化合物对PDE4B同种型具有增强的结合亲和力,使得化合物对PDE4B同种型显示出是PDE4D同种型的约2倍至约550倍的结合亲和力。在某些其它实施方案中,与PDE4D同种型相比,本发明化合物对PDE4B同种型显示出约2倍至约10倍的结合亲和力。在某些其它实施方案中,与PDE4D同种型相比,本发明化合物对PDE4B同种型显示出约11倍至约30倍的结合亲和力。在某些其它实施方案中,与PDE4D同种型相比,本发明化合物对PDE4B同种型显示约31倍至约90倍的结合亲和力。在某些其它实施方案中,与PDE4D同种型相比,本发明化合物对PDE4B同种型显示出约91倍至约125倍的结合亲和力。在某些其它实施方案中,与PDE4D同种型相比,本发明化合物对PDE4B同种型显示出约126倍至约225倍的结合亲和力。在某些其它实施方案中,与PDE4D同种型相比,本发明化合物对PDE4B同种型显示出约226倍至约350倍的结合亲和力。在某些其它实施方案中,与PDE4D同种型相比,本发明化合物对PDE4B同种型显示约351倍至约550倍的结合亲和力。在某些实施方案中,与PDE4D同种型相比,本发明化合物对PDE4B同种型显示出至少约5倍的结合亲和力。在某些实施方案中,与PDE4D同种型相比,本发明化合物对PDE4B同种型显示出至少约10倍的结合亲和力。在某些实施方案中,与PDE4D同种型相比,本发明化合物对PDE4B同种型显示出至少约20倍的结合亲和力。在某些其它实施方案中,与PDE4D同种型相比,本发明化合物对PDE4B同种型显示出至少约40倍的结合亲和力。在某些其它实施方案中,与PDE4D同种型相比,本发明化合物对PDE4B同种型显示出至少约50倍的结合亲和力。在某些其它实施方案中,与PDE4D同种型相比,本发明化合物对PDE4B同种型显示出至少约75倍的结合亲和力。在某些其它实施方案中,与PDE4D同种型相比,本发明化合物对PDE4B同种型显示出至少约100倍的结合亲和力。在某些其它实施方案中,与PDE4D同种型相比,本发明化合物对PDE4B同种型显示出至少约200倍的结合亲和力。在某些其它实施方案中,与PDE4D同种型相比,本发明化合物对PDE4B同种型显示出至少约300倍的结合亲和力。在某些其它实施方案中,与PDE4D同种型相比,本发明化合物对PDE4B同种型显示高达约550倍的结合亲和力。本发明化合物对PDE4B和PDE4D同种型的结合亲和力显示在下面实验部分的表9中。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供药物组合物,其包含与至少一种药学上可接受的赋形剂混合的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
在另一个实施方案中,将本发明化合物给药有需要的患者也可以导致减少胃肠道不适,例如呕吐、腹泻和恶心(目前认为这与给药对其它PDE4同种型(尤其是PDE4D同种型)具有结合亲和力的化合物有关),结果是患者依从性以及总体治疗结果的增加。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供治疗中枢神经系统(CNS)、神经炎症性、代谢性、自身免疫性和炎性疾病或病症的方法,包括给需要这种治疗的哺乳动物,特别是人给药治疗有效量的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗中枢神经系统(CNS)、神经炎症性、自身免疫性和炎性疾病或病症的药物中的用途。
药理学
PDE4家族的磷酸二酯酶(PDE)的特征在于第二信使环核苷酸3',5'-环单磷酸腺苷(cAMP)的选择性、高亲和力水解降解。已知PDE4A、PDE4B和PDE4D亚型在整个脑中广泛表达,PDE4A,PDE4B和PDE4D亚型的区域和细胞内分布是不同的,而PDE4C亚型在整个中枢神经系统中以较低水平表达(参见:Siuciak, J. A. et al., Antipsychotic profile of rolipram: efficacy in rats and reduced sensitivity in mice deficient in the phosphodiesterase-4B (PDE4B) enzyme, Psychopharmacology (2007) 192:415-424)。PDE4亚型的位置使它们成为探索中枢神经系统疾病和病症的新疗法的引人关注的靶标。例如,PDE4B已经被鉴定为精神分裂症的遗传易感因子(参见:Millar, J. K. et al.,Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 and phosphodiesterase 4B: towards an understanding of psychiatric illness, J. Physiol. 584 (2007) pp. 401-405)。
PDE4抑制剂咯利普兰(rolipram)已被表明可用于通过减弱神经元炎症和凋亡介导的cAMP/CREB信号传导来治疗或逆转Aβ诱导的记忆缺陷。因此,PDE4是治疗与AD相关的认知缺陷的潜在靶标。(参见:Wang, C. et al., The phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor rolipram reverses Aβ-induced cognitive impairment and neuroinflammatory and apoptotic responses in rats, International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology(2012), 15, 749-766)。
PDE4抑制剂还可通过使cAMP级联正常化而具有抗抑郁作用(参见:Fujita, M. etal., Downregulation of Brain Phosphodiesterase Type IV Measured with 11 C-(R)- Rolipram Positron Emission Tomography in Major Depressive Disorder,Biological Psychiatry, 72, 2012, 548-554)。
此外,已显示PDE4抑制剂具有对治疗多发性硬化有影响的治疗活性(参见:Sun,X. et al., Rolipram promotes remyelination possibly via MEK-ERK signal pathway in cuprizone-induced demyelination mouse, Experimental Neurology2012; 237:304-311)。
鉴于上述内容,在某些实施方案中,本发明化合物具有广泛的治疗应用,用于治疗中枢神经系统的病况或疾病,包括神经病学的、神经变性的和/或精神病学的病症。神经病学的、神经变性的和/或精神病学的病症包括但不限于,(1)情绪[情感]障碍;(2)神经官能症性、压力相关和躯体形式障碍,包括焦虑症;(3)在哺乳动物(包括人)中包括认知缺陷症状的病症;(4)包括注意力缺陷、执行功能缺陷(工作记忆缺陷)、冲动控制功能障碍、锥体外系症状、基于基底神经节功能障碍的病症的病症;(5)其发作通常发生于儿童期和青春期的行为和情绪障碍;(6)心理发育障碍;(7)主要影响中枢神经系统的全身性萎缩;(8)锥体外系和运动障碍;(9)与生理紊乱和生理因素有关的行为综合症;(10)成人人格和行为障碍;(11)精神分裂症和其它精神病;(12)因使用精神活性物质引起的精神和行为障碍;(13)性功能障碍,包括过多的性冲动;(14)精神发育迟滞;(15)自为病,例如急性幻觉性躁狂;(16)偶发性和阵发性病症,癫痫;(17)发作性睡病;(18)痴呆,和(19)肌萎缩侧索硬化。
可根据本发明治疗的情绪[情感]障碍的实例包括,但不限于,双相情感障碍I、轻躁狂(躁狂和混合形式)、双相情感障碍II;抑郁症如单抑郁症或复发性重度抑郁症、慢性抑郁症、精神病性抑郁症、轻度抑郁症、产后抑郁症、有精神病症状的抑郁症;持续情绪[情感]障碍,如循环性精神病、心境恶劣(dysthymia)、心境愉快(euthymia);经前期综合征(PMS)和经前焦虑障碍。
可根据本发明治疗的神经官能症性、压力相关和躯体形式障碍的实例包括,但不限于,焦虑症、社交焦虑症、一般焦虑症、伴有或不伴有广场恐怖症的恐慌症、特定恐惧症、社交恐惧症、慢性焦虑症;强迫症;重度应激反应和适应障碍(reaction to severe stressand adjustment disorder),如创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)、急性应激障碍;其它神经官能症性障碍,如人格解体-现实解体综合征。
这里在“包含认知缺陷症状的病症”中使用的短语“认知缺陷”是指,与相同一般年龄人群中的其他个体相比较,在特定个体中的一个或多个认知方面(例如记忆、智力、学习和逻辑能力,或注意力和执行功能(工作记忆))的次正常功能或次优功能。
可以根据本发明治疗的“包含认知缺陷症状的病症”的实例包括,但不限于,认知缺陷,主要但并非排它性地涉及健忘症、精神病(精神分裂症)、帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、多梗死性痴呆、老年性痴呆、路易体痴呆、中风、额颞叶痴呆、进行性核上性麻痹、亨廷顿舞蹈病、HIV疾病(HIV相关性痴呆)、脑外伤和药物滥用;轻度认知障碍ADHD、阿斯伯格综合征和年龄相关的记忆损伤;术后或与重症监护治疗相关的认知功能下降或妄想。
可根据本发明治疗的通常首先在婴儿期、儿童期和青春期诊断的病症的实例包括,但不限于,过度活跃症,包括活动和注意力紊乱、注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)、多动症合并品行障碍;注意力缺陷障碍(ADD);行为障碍,包括,但不限于,抑郁行为障碍;抽动障碍,包括短暂性抽动障碍、慢性运动或发作性抽动障碍、发声和多种运动联合型抽动障碍(抽动秽语综合症(Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome))、物质引起的抽动障碍;自闭症;Batten疾病,过度手淫,咬指甲,挖鼻子和吮拇指。
可根据本发明治疗的心理发育障碍的实例包括,但不限于广泛性发育障碍,包括但不限于阿斯伯格综合征和雷特综合征、自闭症、与精神发育迟滞和刻板运动相关的儿童孤独症和过度活跃症、运动功能的特定发育障碍、学习技能的特定发育障碍。
可根据本发明治疗的主要影响中枢神经系统的全身性萎缩的实例包括,但不限于,主要影响基底神经节的多发性硬化全身性萎缩,包括亨廷顿舞蹈病和肌萎缩侧索硬化。
可根据本发明治疗的具有基底神经节功能障碍和/或退化的锥体外系和运动障碍的实例包括,但不限于,帕金森病;第二帕金森病(second Parkinsonism),如脑炎性帕金森病;包括在其它病症中的帕金森病;尼曼-皮克病,路易体病;基底神经节退行性疾病;其它锥体外系和运动障碍,包括震颤,特发性震颤和药物性震颤,肌阵挛,舞蹈病和药物性舞蹈病,药物性抽搐和器质性原因的抽搐,药物性急性肌张力障碍,药物性迟发性运动障碍,肌肉痉挛和与肌肉痉挛或虚弱相关的病症,包括震颤;精神缺陷(包括痉挛、唐氏综合症和脆性X综合征),左旋多巴诱发的运动障碍;不宁腿综合征和僵人综合症。
可根据本发明治疗的具有基底神经节功能障碍和/或退化的运动障碍的其它实例包括,但不限于,肌张力障碍,包括,但不限于,局灶性肌张力障碍,多灶性或节段性肌张力障碍,扭转性肌张力障碍,半球型、全身型和迟发性肌张力障碍(由精神药理学药物诱发)。局灶性肌张力障碍包括颈肌张力障碍(斜颈)、眼睑痉挛(眼睑的痛性痉挛)、四肢肌张力障碍(appendicular dystonia)(四肢的痛性痉挛,如书写痉挛)、或下颌肌张力障碍和痉挛性发音障碍(声带的痛性痉挛);精神安定药诱发的运动障碍,包括,但不限于,安定药恶性综合征(NMS)、精神安定药诱发的帕金森病、精神安定药诱发的早发或急性运动障碍、精神安定药诱发的急性肌张力障碍、精神安定药诱发的急性静坐不能、精神安定药诱发的迟发性运动障碍、以及精神安定药诱发的震颤。
根据本发明的与生理紊乱和身体因素相关的行为综合征的实例包括,但不限于,非器质性睡眠障碍,包括,但不限于,非器质性睡眠过度,睡眠-觉醒节律的非器质性障碍(昼夜节律睡眠障碍),失眠,深眠状态和睡眠剥夺;与产褥期相关的精神和行为障碍,包括产后抑郁(postnatal and postpartum depression);进食障碍,包括,但不限于,神经性厌食症、神经性贪食症、暴食症、摄食过度、肥胖症、强迫性进食障碍和食冰癖。
可根据本发明治疗的成人人格和行为障碍的实例包括,但不限于,人格障碍,包括但不限于情绪不稳定、边缘性、强迫性(obsessive-compulsive)、强迫性(anankastic)、依赖性和被动攻击型(passive-aggressive)人格障碍;习惯与冲动障碍(冲动控制障碍),包括间歇性暴躁障碍、病态赌博、病态纵火(纵火狂(pyromania))、病态盗窃(偷窃狂(kleptomania))、拔毛癖;米肖森(Munchausen)综合症。
可以根据本发明治疗的精神分裂症和其它精神病症的实例包括,但不限于,不同类型的连续或发作性精神分裂症(例如偏执型、青春型、紧张性、未分化的、残余的和精神分裂症样精神障碍);分裂型障碍(schizotypal disorders)(如边缘性、潜伏性、潜隐性、前驱性、假神经性、假病态人格性精神分裂症和精神分裂性人格障碍);持续性妄想症;急性、暂时性和持续性精神障碍;诱发性妄想症;不同类型的分裂情感障碍(例如躁狂抑郁或混合型);产褥期精神病和其它未明确的非器质性精神病。
可以根据本发明治疗的由精神活性物质使用引起的精神和行为障碍的实例包括,但不限于,由于使用酒精、阿片类物质、大麻酚类物质、镇静剂或催眠药、可卡因引起的精神和行为障碍;由于使用其它兴奋剂(包括咖啡因)导致的精神和行为障碍,由于药物依赖和滥用(例如,麻醉依赖、酗酒、安非他明和甲基苯丙胺依赖、阿片样物质依赖、可卡因成瘾、尼古丁依赖和药物戒断综合征和复发预防),使用致幻剂,烟草(尼古丁),挥发性溶剂导致的精神和行为障碍以及由于多种药物使用和使用其它精神活性物质引起的精神和行为障碍,包括以下亚型症状:有害使用、依赖综合征、戒断状态和伴有谵妄的戒断状态。
可根据本发明治疗的痴呆的实例包括,但不限于,血管性痴呆,由海绵状脑病、HIV、头部创伤、帕金森病、亨廷顿舞蹈病、皮克氏病引起的痴呆,阿尔茨海默氏型痴呆。
在某些实施方案中,本发明涉及通过向有此需要的患者给药治疗有效量的本发明化合物来治疗精神分裂症的方法。
在某些其它实施方案中,本发明还涉及通过向有需要的患者给药治疗有效量的本发明化合物来治疗与精神分裂症相关的认知损伤的方法。
除了上述中枢神经系统病症之外,本领域还有大量文献描述了PDE抑制剂对各种自身免疫和炎症细胞响应的影响,其除了cAMP增加外还包括在嗜酸性粒细胞、中性粒细胞和单核细胞中抑制超氧化物的产生、脱颗粒、趋化性以及释放肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)。因此,本发明化合物可用于治疗自身免疫疾病和炎性疾病。(参见:Schett, G. et al.,Apremilast: A novel PDE4 Inhibitor in the Treatment of Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases, Ther. Adv. Musculoskeletal Dis. 2010; 2(5):271-278)。例如,本发明化合物可用于治疗与白塞病(Behçet’s disease)相关的口腔溃疡。本发明化合物还可用于治疗与关节炎相关的疼痛(参见:Hess, A. et al., Blockade of TNF-α rapidly inhibits pain responses in the central nervous system, PNAS, vol.108, no. 9, 3731-3736 (2011)或用于治疗牛皮癣或银屑病性关节炎(参见:Schafer,P., Apremilast mechanism of action and application to psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, Biochem. Pharmacol. (2012), 15;83(12):1583-90)。因此,本发明化合物也可用于治疗强直性脊柱炎[参见:Patan, E. et al., Efficacy and safety of apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in ankylosing spondylitis,Ann. Rheum. Dis. (Sep. 14, 2102)]。通过给药本发明化合物可治疗的其它病况包括,但不限于,急性和慢性气道疾病,例如,但不限于,哮喘、慢性或急性支气管收缩、慢性支气管炎、支气管扩张、小气道阻塞、肺气肿、阻塞性或炎性气道疾病、急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)、COPD、尘肺病、季节性过敏性鼻炎或常年性过敏性鼻炎或鼻窦炎、以及急性肺损伤(ALI)。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明化合物可用于治疗类风湿性关节炎,痛风和发热,与炎症相关的水肿和疼痛,嗜酸性粒细胞相关病症,皮炎或湿疹,荨麻疹,结膜炎,葡萄膜炎,牛皮癣,炎症性肠病,败血症,感染性休克,肝损伤,肺动脉高压,肺水肿,骨质疏松疾病(bone loss disease)和感染。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明化合物可用于治疗癌症。例如,本发明的化合物可用于治疗脑癌(例如髓母细胞瘤)(参见:Schmidt, A. L., BDNF and PDE4, but not GRPR, Regulate Viability of Human Medulloblastoma Cells, J. Mol. Neuroscience(2010) 40:303-310)。本发明的化合物也可用于治疗黑素瘤(参见:Marquette, A. etal., ERK and PDE4 cooperate to induce RAF isoform switching in melanoma, Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, vol. 18, no. 5, 584-91, 2011)。在某些实施方案中,本发明化合物可用于治疗白血病,例如慢性淋巴细胞白血病(参见:Kim, D. H.et al., Type 4 Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Phosphodiesterase as a Therapeutic Target in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Blood Journal of TheAmerican Society of Hematology, October 1, 1998, vol. 92, no. 7, 2484-2494)。在其它实施方案中,所述化合物可用于治疗脑或眼科肿瘤。
在某些其它实施方案中,本发明化合物可用于治疗糖尿病或与糖尿病相关的疾病(参见:Vollert, S. et al., The glucose-lowering effects of the PDE4 inhibitors roflumilast and roflumilast-N-oxide in db/db mice, Diabetologia (2012) 55:2779-2788。 Wouters, E. F. M. et al., Effect of the Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor Roflumilast on Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Treatment-Naïve, Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Journal of Clinical Endocrinologyand Metabolism 2012, 97, 1720-1725)。其它实例包括,但不限于,糖尿病性黄斑变性、糖尿病性神经病变、肥胖症、2型糖尿病(非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病)、代谢综合征、葡萄糖耐受不良、尿失禁(例如膀胱过度活动)、糖尿病性黄斑水肿、肾病和相关的健康风险、症状或病症。因此,本发明化合物还可用于降低超重或肥胖个体的体脂或体重。
在某些其它实施方案中,本发明化合物可用于预防和治疗与增强的内皮活性、受损的内皮屏障功能和/或增强的新血管生成相关的病症,例如脓毒性休克;血管性水肿(angioedema)、外周性水肿、交通性或非交通性脑积水、血管性水肿(vascular edema)、脑水肿;减低钠尿病理学(reduced natriuria pathology);炎性疾病,包括哮喘、鼻炎、关节炎和类风湿病以及自身免疫性疾病;急性肾衰竭或肝衰竭、肝功能障碍;银屑病、肠易激综合征(IBD)、克罗恩病和良性/恶性肿瘤。
在某些其它实施方案中,本发明化合物可用于治疗脊髓和/或外周神经系统疾病,包括脊髓损伤、脊髓水肿、脊髓肿瘤、脊髓血管畸形或异常、脊髓空洞症和脊髓积水。
在某些其它实施方案中,本文所述的化合物还可用于预防和治疗与血栓形成、栓塞或缺血性病症相关的病症,包括,但不限于,在冠状动脉疾病中、在脑血管疾病(包括脑动脉硬化、脑淀粉样血管病、遗传性脑出血和脑缺氧缺血)中和/或在外周血管疾病中的血栓形成引起的组织梗塞;稳定和不稳定的心绞痛,短暂性脑缺血发作,中风,动脉粥样硬化,心肌梗塞,脑梗塞,再灌注损伤(脑/心脏),创伤性脑损伤,硬膜下、硬膜外或蛛网膜下腔出血,偏头痛,丛集性和紧张性头痛,胎盘功能不全,外科手术(如旁路、血管成形术、支架置入和心脏瓣膜置换术)后血栓形成。
在某些其它实施方案中,本文所述的化合物还可用于治疗疼痛病况和病症。此类疼痛病况和病症的实例包括,但不限于,炎性疼痛,痛觉过敏,炎性痛觉过敏,偏头痛,癌症疼痛,骨关节炎疼痛,手术后疼痛,非炎性疼痛,神经性疼痛,神经性疼痛的子类别包括外周神经性疼痛综合征、化疗引起的神经病变、复杂区域疼痛综合征、HIV感觉神经病变、继发于肿瘤浸润的神经病变、疼痛性糖尿病神经病变、幻肢痛、带状疱疹后神经痛、乳房切除术后疼痛、三叉神经痛、中枢神经性疼痛综合征、中风后中枢疼痛、多发性硬化疼痛、帕金森病疼痛和脊髓损伤疼痛。
在某些其它实施方案中,本文所述的化合物还可用于治疗伤口(或促进伤口愈合)、烧伤、瘢痕形成和相关病况。
在某些其它实施方案中,本文所述的化合物还可用于治疗神经元损伤病症(包括眼损伤、视网膜病(包括糖尿病性黄斑水肿或眼部黄斑变性)、耳鸣、听力损伤和损失、以及脑水肿)。
在某些其它实施方案中,本文所述的化合物还可用于治疗移植排斥,同种异体移植排斥,肾和肝衰竭以及不宁腿综合征。
制剂
本发明化合物可以口服给药。口服给药可以包括吞咽,使得化合物进入胃肠道,或者可以使用口腔或舌下给药,以这种方式化合物直接从嘴进入血流。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明化合物还可以直接给药进入血流、进入肌肉或内脏器官中。用于肠胃外给药的合适方式包括静脉内、动脉内、腹膜内、鞘内、心室内、尿道内、胸骨内、颅内、肌内和皮下。用于肠胃外给药的合适装置包括针(包括微针)注射器,无针注射器和输注技术。
在另一个实施方案中,还可以配制本发明化合物,使得局部给药于皮肤或粘膜(即经皮肤或透皮)导致化合物的全身吸收。在另一个实施方案中,还可以配制本发明化合物,使得鼻内给药或通过吸入给药导致化合物的全身吸收。在另一个实施方案中,可配制本发明化合物,使得直肠或阴道给药导致化合物的全身吸收。
含有所述化合物的化合物和/或组合物的给药方案基于多种因素,包括患者的类型、年龄、体重、性别和医学病况;病况的严重程度;给药途径;和所用特定化合物的活性。因此,给药方案可以广泛变化。从每天每千克体重约0.01mg至约100mg的量级的剂量水平可用于治疗上述病况。在一个实施方案中,本发明化合物的总日剂量(以单剂量或分开的剂量给药)通常为约0.01至约100 mg/kg。在另一个实施方案中,本发明化合物的总日剂量为约0.1至约50 mg/kg,且在另一个实施方案中,为约0.5至约30 mg/kg(即,每kg体重本发明化合物的mg量)。在一个实施方案中,剂量为0.01至10 mg/kg/天。在另一个实施方案中,剂量为0.1至1.0 mg/kg/天。剂量单位组合物可含有此量或其因数以构成日剂量。在许多情况下,化合物的给药将在一天内重复多次(通常不超过4次)。如果需要,通常可以使用每天多剂量来增加总日剂量。
对于口服给药,组合物可以以含有0.01、0.05、0.1、0.5、1.0、2.5、5.0、10.0、15.0、25.0、50.0、75.0、100、125、150、175、200、250和500毫克活性成分的片剂形式提供,用于对患者根据症状进行剂量的调整。药物通常含有约0.01mg至约500mg活性成分,或在另一个实施方案中,含有约1mg至约100mg活性成分。在静脉内给药的情况下,在恒定速率输注期间,剂量可以为约0.1至约10 mg/kg/分钟。
根据本发明的合适对象包括哺乳动物对象。根据本发明的哺乳动物包括,但不限于,犬、猫、牛、山羊、马、绵羊、猪、啮齿动物、兔类动物、灵长类动物等,并且包括子宫内的哺乳动物。在一个实施方案中,人类是合适的对象。人类对象可以是任一性别,且可以在任何发育阶段。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明包括一种或多种本发明化合物在制备用于治疗本文所述病况的药物中的用途。
为了治疗上述病况,本发明化合物可以作为化合物本身给药。或者,药学上可接受的盐适用于医学应用,因为它们相对于母体化合物具有更高的水溶性。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明包含药物组合物。此类药物组合物包含与药学上可接受的载体一起的本发明化合物。所述载体可以是固体、液体或两者,并且可以与化合物一起配制成单位剂量组合物,例如片剂,其可以含有0.05%至95%重量的活性化合物。本发明化合物可与作为可靶向药物载体的合适的聚合物偶联。也可以存在其它药理活性物质。
本发明化合物可以通过任何合适的途径给药,优选以适合于这种途径的药物组合物的形式,以及对预期治疗有效的剂量给药。例如,活性化合物和组合物可以口服、直肠、肠胃外或局部(例如,鼻内或经眼)给药。
固体剂型的口服给药可以,例如,以离散单位存在,例如硬或软胶囊、丸剂、扁囊剂、锭剂或片剂,各自含有预定量的至少一种本发明化合物。在另一个实施方案中,口服给药可以是粉末或颗粒形式。在另一个实施方案中,口服剂型是舌下的,如,例如锭剂。在这种固体剂型中,本发明化合物通常与一种或多种佐剂组合。这种胶囊或片剂可含有控释制剂。在胶囊、片剂和丸剂的情况下,剂型还可以包含缓冲剂或可以用肠溶包衣制备。
在另一个实施方案中,口服给药可以是液体剂型。用于口服给药的液体剂型包括,例如,药学上可接受的乳剂、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆和酏剂,其含有本领域常用的惰性稀释剂(例如水)。此类组合物还可包含佐剂,例如润湿剂、乳化剂、悬浮剂、调味剂(例如,甜味剂)和/或芳香剂。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明包括肠胃外剂型。“肠胃外给药”包括,例如,皮下注射、静脉内注射、腹膜内注射、肌内注射、胸骨内注射和输注。可根据已知技术使用合适的分散剂、润湿剂和/或悬浮剂配制可注射制剂(即,无菌可注射水性或油性悬浮液),并包括贮库制剂。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明包括局部剂型。“局部给药”包括,例如,透皮给药,例如通过透皮贴剂或离子电渗疗法装置,眼内给药,或鼻内或吸入给药。用于局部给药的组合物还包括例如局部凝胶、喷雾剂、软膏和乳膏。局部制剂可包括增强活性成分通过皮肤或其它受影响区域的吸收或渗透的化合物。当通过透皮装置给药本发明化合物时,使用储库和多孔膜类型或固体基质种类的贴剂进行给药。用于该目的的典型制剂包括凝胶、水凝胶、洗剂、溶液、乳膏、软膏、扑粉、敷料、泡沫、薄膜、皮肤贴剂、薄脆片(wafers)、植入物、海绵、纤维、绷带和微乳液。也可以使用脂质体。典型的载体包括醇、水、矿物油、液体凡士林、白凡士林、甘油、聚乙二醇和丙二醇。可以掺入渗透促进剂 - 参见,例如,Finnin和Morgan,J.Pharm. Sci.,88(10),955-958(1999)。
适于局部给药于眼睛的制剂包括,例如,滴眼剂,其中本发明化合物溶解或悬浮在合适的载体中。适用于眼部或耳部给药的典型制剂可以是在等渗、pH调节的无菌盐水中的微粉化悬浮液或溶液的滴剂的形式。适用于眼部和耳部给药的其它制剂包括软膏,可生物降解的(例如,可吸收的凝胶海绵、胶原)和不可生物降解的(例如硅酮)植入物、薄脆片(wafers)、镜片(lenses)和颗粒或囊泡系统,例如类脂质体(niosomes)或脂质体。聚合物如交联聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯醇、透明质酸、纤维素聚合物(例如羟丙基甲基纤维素,羟乙基纤维素或甲基纤维素)、或杂多糖聚合物(例如,结冷胶(gelan gum))可以与防腐剂(如苯扎氯铵)混合。此类制剂也可通过离子电渗疗法递送。
对于鼻内给药或通过吸入给药,本发明的活性化合物方便地以溶液或悬浮液的形式从由患者挤压或泵送的泵喷雾容器中递送,或使用合适的推进剂作为来自加压容器或雾化器的气溶胶喷雾形式递送。适于鼻内给药的制剂通常以干粉形式(或单独;作为混合物,例如与乳糖的干混合物;或作为混合组分颗粒,例如,与磷脂(例如磷脂酰胆碱)混合)从干粉吸入器给药,或使用或不使用合适的推进剂(例如1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷或1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷)作为来自加压容器、泵、喷雾、雾化器(优选使用电流体动力学以产生细雾的雾化器)或喷雾器的气溶胶喷雾给药。对于鼻内使用,粉末可包含生物粘附剂,例如壳聚糖或环糊精。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明包括直肠剂型。这种直肠剂型可以是例如栓剂的形式。可可脂是一种传统的栓剂基质,但可以酌情使用各种替代品。
也可以使用药学领域中已知的其它载体材料和给药模式。本发明的药物组合物可以通过任何公知的药学技术制备,例如有效的制剂和给药程序。关于有效制剂和给药程序的上述考虑因素是本领域熟知的并且在标准教科书中描述。药物的制剂在例如Hoover,John E.,Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,Pennsylvania,1975;Liberman et al., Eds.,Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,MarcelDecker,New York,N.Y.,1980;和Kibbe et al., Eds.,Handbook of PharmaceuticalExcipients(3rd Ed.),American Pharmaceutical Association,Washington,1999中讨论。
本发明化合物可单独使用或与其它治疗剂组合用于治疗各种病况或疾病状态。本发明的一种或多种化合物和一种或多种其它治疗剂可以同时给药(以相同的剂型或分开的剂型)或依次给药。示例性治疗剂可以是例如代谢型谷氨酸受体激动剂。
“组合”给药两种或多种化合物意味着两种化合物在时间上足够紧密地给药,使得一种化合物的存在改变其它化合物的生物学效应。两种或更多种化合物可以同时(simultaneously)、共同(concurrently)或顺序给药。另外,可以通过在给药前混合化合物或通过在相同时间点但在不同解剖部位或使用不同给药途径给药化合物来进行同时给药。
短语“共同给药(concurrent administration)”,“共给药(co-administration)”,“同时给药(simultaneous administration)”和“同时给药(administered simultaneously)”是指化合物联合给药。
本发明包括使用本发明的PDE4抑制剂化合物和一种或多种另外的药物活性剂的组合产品。如果给药活性剂的组合产品,则它们可以顺序或同时给药,以分开的剂型或以单一剂型组合。因此,本发明还包括含有以下量的药物组合物:(a)包含本发明化合物或该化合物的药学上可接受的盐的第一药剂;(b)第二种药物活性剂;和(c)药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂或稀释剂。
根据待治疗的疾病、病症或病况,可选择各种药物活性剂与本发明化合物联合使用。可以与本发明的组合物联合使用的药物活性剂包括,但不限于:
(i)乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂,如盐酸多奈哌齐(ARICEPT,MEMAC)、水杨酸毒扁豆碱(ANTILIRI UM)、硫酸毒扁豆碱(ESERINE)、美曲磷酯、新斯的明、更斯的明、吡啶斯的明(MESTINON)、安贝氯铵(MYTELASE)、demarcarium、Debio 9902(也称为ZT-1;Debiopharm)、卡巴拉汀(EXELON)、拉多替吉(ladostigil)、NP-0361、氢溴酸加兰他敏(RAZADYNE,RIMINYL,NIVALIN)、他克林(COGNEX)、tolserine、马来酸维吖啶、memoquin、石杉碱甲(HUP-A;NeuroHitech)、苯羟基丙氨酸(phenserine)、依酚氯铵(ENLON,TENSILON)和INM-176;
(ii)淀粉样蛋白-β(或其片段),例如缀合至泛HLA DR结合表位(PADRE)的Aß1-15、ACC-001(Elan/Wyeth)、ACI-01、ACI-24、AN-1792、Affitope AD-01、CAD106和V-950;
(iii)淀粉样蛋白-β(或其片段)的抗体,例如ponezumab、索拉珠单抗(solanezumab)、巴匹珠单抗(bapineuzumab)(也称为AAB-001)、AAB-002(Wyeth/Elan)、ACI-01-Ab7、BAN-2401、静脉内注射免疫球蛋白(GAMMAGARD)、LY2062430(人源化m266;Lilly)、R1450(Roche)、ACU-5A5、huC091、以及国际专利公开号WO04/032868、WO05/025616、WO06/036291、WO06/069081、WO06/118959、美国专利公开号US2003/0073655、US2004/0192898、US2005/0048049、US2005/0019328、欧洲专利公开号EP0994728和1257584、以及美国专利号5,750,349中公开的那些;
(iv)淀粉样蛋白降低或抑制剂(包括那些减少淀粉样蛋白生成、积聚和纤维化的物质),如Dimebon、达夫奈肽(davunetide)、伊罗地塞(eprodisate)、亮丙瑞林、SK-PC-B70M、塞来昔布、洛伐他汀、anapsos、奥拉西坦、普拉米坦、伐尼克兰、尼麦角林、colostrinin、bisnorcymserine(也称为BNC)、NIC5-15(Humanetics)、E-2012(Eisai)、吡格列酮、氯碘羟喹(也称为PBT1)、PBT2(Prana Biotechnology)、氟比洛芬(ANSAI D,FROBEN)和其R-对映异构体他氟比尔(tarenflurbil)(FLURIZAN)、硝基氟比洛芬(nitroflurbiprofen)、非诺洛芬(FENOPRON,NALFON)、布洛芬(ADVIL,MOTRI N,NUROFEN)、布洛芬赖氨酸盐、甲氯芬那酸 、甲氯芬那酸钠(MECLOMEN)、吲哚美辛(INDOCIN)、双氯芬酸钠(VOLTAREN)、双氯芬酸钾、舒林酸(CLINORIL)、舒林酸硫化物、二氟尼柳(DOLOBI D)、萘普生(NAPROSYN)、萘普生钠(ANAPROX,ALEVE)、ARC031(Archer Pharmaceuticals)、CAD-106(Cytos)、LY450139(Lilly)、胰岛素降解酶(也称为胰岛素溶酶(insulysin))、银杏提取物EGb-761(ROKAN,TEBONIN)、曲米沙特(tramiprosate)(CEREBRIL,ALZHEMED)、伊罗地塞(eprodisate)(FIBRILLEX,KIACTA)、化合物W [3,5-双(4-硝基苯氧基)苯甲酸]、NGX-96992、脑啡肽酶(nephlysin)(也称中性内肽酶(NEP))、鲨肌醇(scyllo-inositol)(也称为青蟹肌醇(scyllitol))、阿托伐他汀(LIPITOR)、辛伐他汀(ZOCOR)、KLVFF-(EEX)3、SKF-74652、伊布莫仑甲磺酸盐(ibutamoren mesylate)、BACE抑制剂如ASP-1702、SCH-745966、JNJ-715754、AMG-0683、AZ-12304146、BMS-782450、GSK-188909、NB-533、E2609和TTP-854;γ分泌酶调节剂如ELND-007;和RAGE(晚期糖基化终产物受体)抑制剂,如TTP488(Transtech)和TTP4000(Transtech),以及美国专利号7,285,293中公开的那些,包括PTI-777;
(v)α-肾上腺素能受体激动剂,如胍法辛(INTUNIV,TENEX)、可乐定(CATAPRES)、间羟胺(ARAMINE)、甲基多巴(ALDOMET,DOPAMET,NOVOMEDOPA)、替扎尼定(ZANAFLEX)、苯福林(又称新福林)、甲氧胺、西拉唑啉、胍法辛(INTUNIV)、洛非西定、赛拉嗪、莫达非尼(PROVIGIL)、阿屈非尼和阿莫非尼(armodafinil)(NUVIGIL);
(vi)β-肾上腺素能受体阻断剂(β阻滞剂),如卡替洛尔、艾司洛尔(BREVIBLOC)、拉贝洛尔(NORMODYNE,TRANDATE)、氧烯洛尔(LARACOR,TRASACOR)、吲哚洛尔(VISKEN)、普萘洛尔(INDERAL)、索他洛尔(BETAPACE、SOTALEX、SOTACOR)、噻吗洛尔(BLOCADREN,TIMOPTIC)、醋丁洛尔(SECTRAL,PRENT)、纳多洛尔(CORGARD)、酒石酸美托洛尔(LOPRESSOR)、琥珀酸美托洛尔(TOPROL-XL)、阿替洛尔(TENORMIN)、布托沙明和SR 59230A(赛诺菲(Sanofi));
(vii)抗胆碱能药,如阿米替林(ELAVIL,ENDEP)、布替林、甲磺酸苯扎托品(COGENTIN)、苯海索(ARTANE)、苯海拉明(BENADRYL)、奥芬那君(NORFLEX)、莨菪碱、阿托品(ATROPEN)、东莨菪碱(TRANS DERM-SCOP)、甲溴东莨菪碱(PARMINE)、双环维林(BENTYL,BYCLOMINE,DIBENT,DILOMINE)、托特罗定(DETROL)、奥昔布宁(DITROPAN,LYRINEL XL,OXYTROL)、喷噻溴铵、丙胺太林(PRO-BANTHINE)、赛克利嗪、盐酸丙咪嗪(TOFRANIL)、马来酸丙咪嗪(SURMONTIL)、洛非帕明、地昔帕明(NORPRAMIN)、多塞平(SINEQUAN,ZONALON)、曲米帕明(SURMONTIL)和格隆溴铵(ROBINUL);
(viii)抗惊厥药,如卡马西平(TEGRETOL,CARBATROL)、奥卡西平(TRILEPTAL)、苯妥英钠(PHENYTEK)、磷苯妥英(CEREBYX,PRODILANTIN)、双丙戊酸钠(DEPAKOTE)、加巴喷丁(NEURONTIN)、普瑞巴林(LYRICA)、托吡酯(topirimate)(TOPAMAX)、丙戊酸(DEPAKENE)、丙戊酸钠(DEPACON)、1-苄基-5-溴尿嘧啶、普罗加比(progabide)、贝克拉胺、唑尼沙胺(TRERIEF,EXCEGRAN)、CP-465022、瑞替加滨、他仑帕奈(talampanel)和扑米酮(MYSOLINE);
(ix)抗精神病药,例如卢拉西酮(lurasidone)(LATUDA,也称为SM-13496;Dainippon Sumitomo)、阿立哌唑(ABILIFY)、氯丙嗪(THORAZINE)、氟哌啶醇(HALDOL)、伊潘立酮(FANAPTA)、癸酸氟哌噻吨(DEPIXOL,FLUANXOL)、利血平(SERPLAN)、匹莫齐特(ORAP)、氟奋乃静癸酸酯、盐酸氟奋乃静、丙氯拉嗪(COMPRO)、阿塞那平(SAPHRIS)、洛沙平(LOXITANE)、吗茚酮 (molindone)(MOBAN)、奋乃静、硫利达嗪、替沃噻吨(thiothixine)、三氟拉嗪(STELAZINE)、瑞美替昂(ramelteon)、氯氮平(CLOZARIL)、去甲氯氮平(norclozapine)(ACP-104)、利培酮(RISPERDAL)、帕潘立酮(INVEGA)、美哌隆(melperone)、奥氮平(ZYPREXA)、喹硫平(SEROQUEL)、他奈坦(talnetant)、氨磺必利(amisulpride)、齐拉西酮(GEODON)、布南色林(blonanserin)(LONASEN)和ACP-103(AcadiaPharmaceuticals);
(x)钙通道阻滞剂,如洛美利嗪、齐考诺肽、尼伐地平(ESCOR,NIVADIL)、地普地平(diperdipine)、氨氯地平(NORVASC,ISTIN,AMLODIN)、非洛地平(PLENDIL)、尼卡地平(CARDENE)、硝苯地平(ADALAT,PROCARDIA)、MEM 1003和其母体化合物尼莫地平(NIMOTOP)、尼索地平(SULAR)、尼群地平、拉西地平(LACIPIL,MOTENS)、乐卡地平(ZANIDIP)、利法利嗪(lifarizine)、地尔硫卓(CARDIZEM)、维拉帕米(CALAN,VERELAN)、AR-R 18565(AstraZeneca)、以及依奈卡定(enecadin);
(xi)儿茶酚O-甲基转移酶(COMT)抑制剂,如硝替卡朋(nitecapone)、托卡朋(tolcapone)(TASMAR)、恩他卡朋(COMTAN)和托酚酮;
(xii)中枢神经系统兴奋剂,如托莫西汀、瑞波西汀、育亨宾、咖啡因、芬美曲秦、苯甲曲秦、匹莫林、芬坎法明(GLUCOENERGAN,REACTIVAN)、芬乙茶碱(fenethylline)(CAPTAGON)、哌苯甲醇(pipradol)(MERETRAN)、地阿诺(deanol)(也称为二甲氨基乙醇)、哌甲酯(DAYTRANA)、盐酸哌甲酯(RITALIN)、右哌甲酯(FOCALIN)、安非他明(单独或与其它CNS兴奋剂组合,例如ADDERALL(安非他明天冬氨酸盐,安非他明硫酸盐,右旋安非他明糖酸盐和右旋安非他明硫酸盐))、右旋安非他明硫酸盐(DEXEDRINE,DEXTROSTAT)、甲基苯丙胺(DESOXYN)、利右苯丙胺(lisdexamfetamine)(VYVANSE)和苄非他明(benzphetamine)(DIDREX);
(xiii)皮质类固醇,如泼尼松(STERAPRED,DELTASONE)、泼尼松龙(PRELONE)、醋酸泼尼松龙(OMNIPRED,PRED MILD,PRED FORTE)、泼尼松龙磷酸钠(ORAPRED ODT)、甲泼尼龙(MEDROL);醋酸甲泼尼龙(DEPO-MEDROL)和甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠(A-METHAPRED,SOLU-MEDROL);
(xiv)多巴胺受体激动剂,如阿朴吗啡(APOKYN)、溴隐亭(PARLODEL)、卡麦角林(DOSTINEX)、dihydrexidine、双氢麦角隐亭、非诺多泮(CORLOPAM)、利舒脲(DOPERGIN)、terguride spergolide(PERMAX)、吡贝地尔(TRIVASTAL,TRASTAL)、普拉克索(MIRAPEX),喹吡罗,罗匹尼罗(REQUIP)、罗替戈汀(NEUPRO),SKF-82958(GlaxoSmithKline)、卡利拉嗪(cariprazine)、帕多芦诺(pardoprunox)和沙立佐坦(sarizotan);
(xv)多巴胺受体拮抗剂,如氯丙嗪、氟奋乃静、氟哌啶醇、洛沙平、利培酮、硫利达嗪、替沃噻吨、三氟拉嗪、丁苯那嗪(NITOMAN,XENAZINE)、7-羟基阿莫沙平(7-hydroxyamoxapine)、氟哌利多(INAPSINE,DRI DOL,DROPLETAN)、多潘立酮(MOTILIUM)、L-741742、L-745870、雷氯必利、SB-277011A、SCH-23390、依考匹泮(ecopipam)、SKF-83566和甲氧氯普胺(REGLAN);
(xvi)多巴胺再摄取抑制剂,如安非他酮、沙芬酰胺(safinamide)、马来酸诺米芬辛(nomifensine)(MERITAL)、伐诺司林(vanoxerine)(也称为GBR-12909)及其癸酸酯DBL-583、和安咪奈丁;
(xvii)γ-氨基-丁酸(GABA)受体激动剂,例如巴氯芬(LIORESAL,KEMSTRO)、沙氯芬(siclofen)、戊巴比妥(NEMBUTAL)、普罗加比(progabide)(GABRENE)和氯美噻唑;
(xviii)组胺3(H3)拮抗剂如环丙沙芬(ciproxifan),替洛利生(tiprolisant),S-38093,irdabisant,替洛利生(pitolisant),GSK-239512,GSK-207040,JNJ-5207852,JNJ-17216498,HPP-404,SAR-110894,反式-N-乙基-3-氟-3-[3-氟-4-(吡咯烷-1-基甲基)苯基]-环丁烷甲酰胺(PF-3654746和美国专利公开号US2005-0043354、US2005-0267095、US2005-0256135,US2008-0096955,US2007-1079175和US2008-0176925;国际专利公开号WO2006/136924、WO2007/063385、WO2007/069053、WO2007/088450、WO2007/099423、WO2007/105053、WO2007/138431和WO2007/088462;以及美国专利号US 7,115,600中公开的那些);
(xix)免疫调节剂,例如醋酸格拉替雷(也称为共聚物-1;COPAXONE)、MBP-8298(合成髓磷脂碱蛋白肽)、富马酸二甲酯、芬戈莫德(也称为FTY720)、罗喹美克(roquinimex)(LINOMIDE)、拉喹莫德(也称为ABR-215062和SAIK-MS)、ABT-874(人抗IL-12抗体;Abbott)、利妥昔单抗(RITUXAN)、阿仑单抗(CAM PATH)、达克珠单抗(daclizumab)(ZENAPAX)和那他珠单抗(natalizumab)(TYSABRI);
(xx)免疫抑制剂,如甲氨蝶呤(TREXALL,RHEUMATREX)、米托蒽醌(NOVANTRONE)、吗替麦考酚酯(CELLCEPT)、麦考酚钠(MYFORTIC)、硫唑嘌呤(AZASAN,IMURAN)、巯嘌呤(PURI-NETHOL)、环磷酰胺(NEOSAR,CYTOXAN)、苯丁酸氮芥(LEUKERAN)、克拉立滨(LEUSTATIN,MYLINAX)、甲胎蛋白、依那西普(ENBREL)和4-(苄氧基)-5-[(5-十一烷基-2H-吡咯-2-亚基(ylidene))甲基]-1H,1'H-2,2'-双吡咯(也称为PNU-156804);
(xxi)干扰素,包括干扰素β-1a(AVONEX,REBIF)和干扰素β-1b(BETASERON,BETAFERON);
(xxii)左旋多巴(或其甲基或乙基酯),单独或与DOPA脱羧酶抑制剂(例如卡比多巴(SINEMET,CARBILEV,PARCOPA)、苄丝肼(MADOPAR)、α-甲基多巴、单氟甲基多巴、二氟甲基多巴、溴克立新、或间-羟基苄基肼)联合;
(xxiii)N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体拮抗剂,例如美金刚(NAMENDA,AXURA,EBIXA)、金刚烷胺(SYMMETREL)、阿坎酸(CAMPRAL)、besonprodil、氯胺酮(KETALAR)、德芦西明(delucemine)、地塞米诺(dexanabinol)、右依法克生(dexefaroxan)、右美沙芬(dextromethorphan)、右啡烷(dextrorphan)、曲索罗地(traxoprodil)、CP-283097、himantane、idantadol、伊培沙宗(ipenoxazone)、L-701252(Merck)、lancicemine、羟甲左吗喃(DROMORAN)、LY-233536和LY-235959(均属于Lilly)、美沙酮、(DOLOPHINE)、奈拉美生(neramexane)、培净福太(perzinfotel)、苯环利定(phencyclidine)、噻奈普汀(tianeptine)(STABLON)、地佐环平(也称为MK-801)、EAB-318(Wyeth)、伊菠因(ibogaine)、老刺木碱(voacangine)、替来他明、利鲁唑(RILUTEK)、阿替加奈(CERESOTAT)、加维斯替奈(gavestinel)和remacimide;
(xxiv)单胺氧化酶(MAO)抑制剂,例如司来吉兰(EMSAM)、盐酸司来吉兰(l-司来吉兰(l-deprenyl),ELDEPRYL,ZELAPAR)、dimethylselegilene、溴法罗明、苯乙肼(NARDIL)、反苯环丙胺(PARNATE)、吗氯贝胺(AURORIX,MANERIX)、贝氟沙通(befloxatone)、沙芬酰胺、异卡波肼(MARPLAN)、尼亚拉胺(NIAMID)、雷沙吉兰(AZILECT)、异丙烟肼(iproniazide)(MARSILID,IPROZID,IPRONID)、CHF-3381(Chiesi Farmaceutici)、异丙氯肼、托洛沙酮(HUMORYL,PERENUM)、二苯美伦、脱氧鸭嘴花碱(desoxypeganine)、哈尔明(也称为骆驼蓬碱(telepathine)或banasterine)、哈马灵(harmaline)、利奈唑胺(ZYVOX,ZYVOXID)和帕吉林(EUDATIN,SUPIRDYL);
(xxv)毒蕈碱受体(特别是M1亚型)激动剂,如西维美林、左乙拉西坦、氯贝胆碱(DUVOID,URECHOLINE)、伊他美林(itameline)、毛果芸香碱(SALAGEN)、NGX267、槟榔碱、L-687306(Merck)、L-689660(Merck)、呋索碘铵(furtrethonium iodide)(FURAMON,FURANOL)、苯磺酸呋索铵(furtrethonium benzensulfonate)、对甲苯磺酸呋索铵、McN-A-343、氧代震颤素、沙可美林、AC-90222(Acadia Pharmaceuticals)和卡巴胆碱(CARBASTAT,MIOSTAT,CARBOPTIC);
(xxvi)神经保护药物,如博舒替尼(bosutinib)、condoliase、阿莫氯醇(airmoclomol)、拉莫三嗪 、吡仑帕奈(perampanel)、茴拉西坦(aniracetam)、米那普令(minaprime)、利鲁唑、N-羟基-1,2,4,9-四氢-3H-卡唑-3-亚胺、去氨普酶(desmoteplase)、阿替班特(anatibant)、虾青素、神经肽NAP(例如,AL-108和AL-208;均属于AllonTherapeutics)、neurostrol、perampenel、异丙克兰(ispronicline)、双(4-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖氧基苄基)-2-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-2-异丁基酒石酸酯(也称为dactylorhin B或DHB)、formobactin、扎利罗登(xaliproden)(XAPRILA)、乳胞素、丹吡芙蓉盐酸盐(dimebolinehydrochloride)(DIMEBON)、地舒芬通(disufenton)(CEROVIVE)、阿伦酸(arundic acid)(ONO-2506,PROGLIA,CEREACT)、胞磷胆碱(也称为胞苷5'-二磷酸胆碱)、依达拉奉(RADICUT)、AEOL-10113和AEOL-10150(均属于Aeolus Pharmaceuticals)、AGY-94806(也称为SA-450和Msc-1)、粒细胞集落刺激因子(也称为AX-200)、BAY-38-7271(也称为KN-387271;Bayer AG)、安克洛酶(ancrod)(VIPRI NEX,ARWIN)、DP-b99(D-Pharm Ltd)、HF-0220(17-ß-羟基表雄酮;Newron Pharmaceuticals)、HF-0420(也称为oligotropin)、吡哆醛5'-磷酸盐(也称为MC-1)、微纤溶酶(microplasmin)、S-18986、吡氯佐坦(piclozotan)、NP031112、他克莫司、L-丝氨酰-L-甲硫氨酰-L-丙氨酰-L-赖氨酰-L-谷氨酰基-甘氨酰-L-缬氨酸、AC-184897(Acadia Pharmaceuticals)、ADNF-14(National Institutes ofHealth)、苯乙烯基吡啶亚硝酮(stilbazulenyl nitrone)、SUN-N8075(Daiichi SuntoryBiomedical Research)和唑南帕奈(zonampanel);
(xxvii)烟碱受体激动剂,例如地棘蛙素(Epibatidine)、安非他酮、CP-601927、伐尼克兰、ABT-089(Abbott)、ABT-594、AZD-0328(AstraZeneca)、EVP-6124,R3487(也称为MEM3454;Roche/Memory Pharmaceuticals)、R4996(也称为MEM63908;Roche/MemoryPharmaceuticals)、TC-4959和TC-5619(均属于Targacept)和RJR-2403;
(xxviii)去甲肾上腺素(正肾上腺素)再摄取抑制剂,如托莫西汀(STRATTERA)、多塞平(APONAL,ADAPIN,SINEQUAN)、去甲替林(AVENTYL,PAMELOR,NORTRILEN)、阿莫沙平(ASENDIN,DEMOLOX,MOXIDIL)、瑞波西汀(EDRONAX,VESTRA)、维洛沙嗪(VIVALAN)、马普替林(DEPRILEPT,LUDIOMIL,PSYMION)、安非他酮(WELLBUTRIN)和radaxafine;
(xxix)磷酸二酯酶(PDE)抑制剂,包括,但不限于,(a)PDE1抑制剂(例如,长春西汀(CAVINTON,CERACTIN,INTELECTOL)和美国专利号6,235,742中公开的那些,(b)PDE2抑制剂(例如,赤式-9-(2-羟基-3-壬基)腺嘌呤(EHNA)、BAY 60-7550、以及美国专利号6,174,884中描述的那些),(c)PDE3抑制剂(例如,阿那格雷、西洛他唑、米力农、奥普力农、帕罗格列(parogrelil)和匹莫苯旦(pimobendan)),(d)PDE4抑制剂(例如,阿普斯特(apremilast)、异丁司特(ibudilast)、罗氟司特(roflumilast)、咯利普兰、Ro 20-1724、异丁司特(ibudilast)(KETAS)、吡拉米司特(piclamilast)(也称为RP73401)、CDP840、西洛司特(cilomilast)(ARIFLO)、罗氟司特(rofiumiiast)、妥非司特(tofimilast)、奥米司特(oglemilast)(也称为GRC 3886)、替托司特(tetomilast)(也称为OPC-6535)、lirimifast、茶碱(UNIPHYL,THEOLAIR)、阿罗茶碱(arofylline)(也称为LAS-31025)、多索茶碱、RPR-122818或松叶菊碱(mesembrine)),和(e)PDE5抑制剂(例如,西地那非(VIAGRA,REVATIO)、他达拉非(CIALIS)、伐地那非(LEVITRA,VIVANZA)、乌地那非、阿伐那非(avanafil)、双嘧达莫(PERSANTINE)、E-4010、E-4021、E-8010、扎普司特(zaprinast)、罗地那非(iodenafil)、米罗那非、DA-8159、以及国际专利申请WO2002/020521、WO2005/049616、WO2006/120552、WO2006/126081、WO2006/126082、WO2006/126083和WO2007/122466中公开的那些),(f)PDE7抑制剂,(g)PDE8抑制剂,(h)PDE9抑制剂(例如,BAY 73-6691(Bayer AG)和美国专利公开号US2003/0195205,US2004/0220186、US2006/0111372、US2006/0106035和USSN 12/118,062(2008年5月9日提交)中公开的那些),(i)PDE10抑制剂,例如2-({4-[1-甲基-4-(吡啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-3-基]苯氧基}甲基)喹啉-3(4H)-酮和SCH-1518291,和(j)PDE11抑制剂;
(xxx)喹啉类,如奎宁(包括其盐酸盐、二盐酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐和葡萄糖酸盐)、氯喹、甲基氯喹(sontoquine)、羟氯喹(PLAQUENIL)、甲氟喹(LARIAM)和阿莫地喹(CAMOQUIN,FLAVOQUINE);
(xxxi)β-分泌酶抑制剂,例如ASP-1702、SCH-745966、JNJ-715754、AMG-0683、AZ-12304146、BMS-782450、GSK-188909、NB-533、LY-2886721、E-2609、HPP-854、(+)-酒石酸非色林(phenserine tartrate)(POSIPHEN)、LSN-2434074(也称为LY-2434074)、KMI-574、SCH-745966、Ac-rER(N 2-乙酰基-D-精氨酰-L-精氨酸)、洛克斯汀(loxistatin)(也称为E64d)和CA074Me;
(xxxii)γ-分泌酶抑制剂和调节剂,例如BMS-708163(Avagacest)、WO20060430064(Merck)、DSP8658(Dainippon)、ITI-009、L-685458(Merck)、ELAN-G、ELAN-Z、4-氯-N-[(2S)-3-乙基-1-羟基戊-2-基]苯磺酰胺;
(xxxiii)5-羟色胺(serotonin)(5-羟基色胺)1A(5-HT1A)受体拮抗剂,如螺哌隆、左旋吲哚洛尔、BMY 7378、NAD-299、S-(-)-UH-301、NAN 190、来考佐坦(lecozotan);
(xxxiv)5-羟色胺(5-羟基色胺)2C(5-HT2c)受体激动剂,如戊卡色林(vabicaserin)和齐洛那平(zicronapine);
(xxxv)5-羟色胺(5-羟基色胺)4(5-HT4)受体激动剂,例如PRX-03140(Epix);
(xxxvi)5-羟色胺(5-羟基色胺)6(5-HT6)受体拮抗剂,如A-964324、AVI-101、AVN-211、米安色林(TORVOL,BOLVIDON,NORVAL)、甲硫替平(methiothepin)(也称为甲替平(metitepine))、利坦色林、ALX-1161、ALX-1175、MS-245、LY-483518(也称为SGS518;Lilly)、MS-245、Ro 04-6790、Ro 43-68544、Ro 63-0563、Ro 65-7199、Ro 65-7674、SB-399885、SB-214111、SB-258510、SB-271046、SB-357134、SB-699929、SB-271046、SB-742457(GlaxoSmithKline)、Lu AE58054(Lundbeck A/S)和PRX-07034(Epix);
(xxxvii)5-羟色胺(5-HT)再摄取抑制剂,如阿拉丙酯(alaproclate)、西酞普兰(CELEXA,CIPRAMIL)、艾司西酞普兰(LEXAPRO,CIPRALEX)、氯米帕明(ANAFRANIL)、度洛西汀(CYMBALTA)、非莫西汀(femoxetine)(MALEXIL)、芬氟拉明(PONDIMIN)、去乙芬氟拉明(norfenfluramine)、氟西汀(PROZAC)、氟伏沙明(LUVOX)、吲达品(indalpine)、米那普仑(IXEL)、帕罗西汀(PAXIL,SEROXAT)、舍曲林(ZOLOFT,LUSTRAL)、曲唑酮(DESYREL,MOLIPAXIN)、文拉法辛(EFFEXOR)、齐美利定(zimelidine)(NORMUD,ZELMID)、比西发定(bicifadine)、去甲文拉法辛(desvenlafaxine)(PRISTIQ)、布索芬新(brasofensine)、维拉佐酮(vilazodone)、卡利拉嗪(cariprazine)、neurstem和特索芬辛(tesofensine);
(xxxviii)营养因子,如神经生长因子(NGF)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF;ERSOFERMIN)、神经营养因子-3(NT-3)、心肌营养因子-1、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、神经鞘胚素(neublastin)、镍纹蛋白(meteorin)和神经胶质衍生的神经营养因子(GDNF)、以及刺激营养因子产生的药物,如丙戊茶碱、艾地苯醌、PYM50028(COGANE;Phytopharm)和AIT-082(NEOTROFIN);
(xxxix)甘氨酸转运蛋白-1抑制剂,例如,paliflutine、ORG-25935、JNJ-17305600和ORG-26041;
(xl)AMPA型谷氨酸受体调节剂,例如吡仑帕奈(perampanel)、mibampator、selurampanel、GSK-729327、N-{(3S,4S)-4-[4-(5-氰基噻吩-2-基)苯氧基]四氢-呋喃-3-基}丙烷-2-磺酰胺等;
(xli)Janus激酶抑制剂(JAK),例如,但不限于,托法替尼(tofacitinib)、鲁索替尼(ruxolitinib)、巴瑞克替尼(baricitinib)、CYT387、GLPG0634、来他替尼(lestaurtinib)、帕克替尼(pacritinib)和TG101348;
(xlii)白细胞介素-1受体相关激酶4抑制剂(IRAK4),例如,但不限于,PF-06650833。
本发明还包括适用于实施上述治疗方法的试剂盒。在一个实施方案中,试剂盒包含第一剂型,该第一剂型包含一种或多种本发明化合物和用于剂量的容器,其量足以实施本发明的方法。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明的试剂盒包含一种或多种本发明的化合物。
本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可通过本领域类似已知的各种方法制备。下面描述的反应方案,以及有机化学领域中已知的合成方法,或本领域普通技术人员熟悉的修改和衍生化,说明了制备所述化合物的方法。其它的,包括其修改,对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。
这里使用的起始材料是可商购的或可以通过本领域已知的常规方法制备(例如标准参考书中公开的那些方法,例如COMPENDIUM OF ORGANIC SYNTHETIC METHODS, Vol. I-XII(由Wiley-lnterscience出版))。优选的方法包括,但不限于,下面描述的那些。
在任何以下合成顺序期间,可能需要和/或期望保护任何涉及的分子上的敏感性或反应性基团。这可以通过常规保护基团实现,例如在T. W. Greene,Protective Groupsin Organic Chemistry,John Wiley & Sons,1981;T. W. Greene和P. G. M. Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry,John Wiley & Sons,1991;和T. W. Greene和P. G. M. Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry,John Wiley & Sons,1999;以及T. W. Greene和P. G. M. Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry,John Wiley & Sons,2006(它们在此引入作为参考)中描述的那些。
本发明化合物或所述化合物的药学上可接受的盐或互变异构体和放射性同位素,可根据下文讨论的反应方案制备。除非另有说明,否则方案中的取代基如上所定义。产物的分离和纯化通过标准程序完成,这是拥有普通技能的化学家已知的。
本领域技术人员将认识到在某些情况下,方案1中的化合物将以非对映异构体和/或对映异构体的混合物而产生;这些可以在合成方案的各个阶段使用常规技术或这些技术的组合分离,例如,但不限于,结晶、正相色谱、反相色谱和手性色谱,以提供本发明的单一对映异构体。
本领域技术人员将理解,方案、方法和实施例中使用的各种符号、上标和下标用于表示的方便和/或反映它们在方案中引入的顺序,并不意图必然对应于所附权利要求中的符号、上标或下标。该方案代表了可用于合成本发明化合物的方法。它们不以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
下面的方案1说明了制备如上所述的式I化合物的一种合成途径,其中合成已在先前描述(WO 2003/035644和Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1983, 31(4), 1228-1234)的起始羟基吡唑AA用适当取代的三碳链BB烷基化,所述适当取代的三碳链BB带有促进SN2反应的离去基团(LG),例如氯、溴和碘以及甲磺酸酯、苯磺酸酯和对氯苯磺酸酯。这种双烷基化是通过在适当的溶剂中在碱存在下将AA与BB结合而实现的,得到吡唑并-噁嗪化合物CC,其合成(其中R4 = H)先前已描述(Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2006,49(15),4623;WO 2003/093279、US 2004/0132708和WO 2006/130588)。在双烷基化步骤期间,BB的 (R4)a取代基应由与最终产物式I中所期望的相同部分或其受保护的变体表示。
在下一步骤中,吡唑并-噁嗪化合物CC通过在适当的惰性溶剂中用亲电卤化试剂如N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)、N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(NIS)、溴或碘处理而卤化,得到卤代-吡唑并-噁嗪化合物DD(参见WO 2011092187的实施例;Chemische Berichte 1976, 109(1),261-7;Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2012, 55(17), 7636-7649)。
在进一步的步骤中,通过两种不同的反应顺序之一将卤代-吡唑并-噁嗪DD转化为式I化合物。
一个反应顺序以Suzuki-Miyaura型偶联反应开始(Chemical Society Reviews2014, 43, 412-443;Accounts of Chemical Research 2013, 46, 2626-2634),其中DD在合适的溶剂中在碱、过渡金属催化剂[可能为双[二叔丁基(4-二甲基氨基苯基)膦]二氯化钯(II)或1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)]和金属-螯合配体(通常是基于膦的)存在下用适当的硼酸酯(例如,烷基、芳基或杂芳基等)进行处理以安装合适的R1部分以提供R1取代的酯EE。在该步骤中,烷基、芳基或杂芳基硼酸酯的R1取代基应由与在最终产物式I中所期望的相同部分或其受保护的变体表示。
然后通过在加热和路易斯酸(如甲醇镁或氯化钙)的存在下用适当的胺处理酯EE将酯EE转化为所期望的式I。或者,将EE转化为式I是在两步法中进行的,其中通过在合适的共溶剂中用碱性或酸性水处理将酯水解成酸。然后通过在酰胺偶联/脱水试剂如2,4,6-三丙基-1,3,5,2,4,6-三氧三磷酸-2,4,6-三氧化物(2,4,6-tripropyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriphosphinane 2,4,6-trioxide)(T3P)、O-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N'N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐(HATU)、1,3-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)等的存在下,在-20℃至100℃范围的温度下用适当的胺处理,将所得的酸转化为式I。在这些步骤的任一步骤中,胺的R2和R3取代基应独立地由最终产物式I中所期望的相同部分或其受保护的变体表示。
如前所述,通过两种不同反应顺序之一将卤代-吡唑并-噁嗪DD转化为式I化合物。将卤代-吡唑并-噁嗪(DD)转化为式I化合物的第二个顺序是如前所述通过用适当的胺处理将酯转化为所期望的酰胺,以提供中间体FF。或者,DD转化为中间体FF可以在两步法中进行,其中酯被水解成酸,然后通过在如前所述的酰胺偶联/脱水试剂存在下用适当的胺处理将所得的酸转化为式I。在这些步骤的任一步骤中,胺的R2和R3取代基应独立地由最终产物式I中所期望的相同部分或其受保护的变体表示。
最后,酰胺FF然后通过与适当的硼酸酯(例如烷基、芳基、或杂芳基等…)[(RO)2B-R1]的Suzuki-Miyaura型偶联转化为所需的式I。在该步骤中,烷基、芳基或杂芳基硼酸酯的R1取代基应由最终产物式I中所期望的相同部分或其受保护的变体表示。
方案1
实验步骤
以下说明本发明各种化合物的合成。本发明范围内的其它化合物可以使用这些实施例中说明的方法单独或与本领域公知的技术联合制备。
实验通常在惰性气氛(氮气或氩气)下进行,特别是在使用氧或湿气敏感试剂或中间体的情况下。通常商业溶剂和试剂无需进一步纯化而使用。在适当的情况下使用无水溶剂,通常来自Acros Organics的AcroSeal®产品或来自EMD Chemicals的DriSolv®产品。在其它情况下,将商业溶剂通过填充有4Å分子筛的柱,直至达到以下对于水的QC标准:a)对于二氯甲烷、甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和四氢呋喃,<100ppm;b)对于甲醇、乙醇、1,4-二噁烷和二异丙胺,<180ppm。对于非常敏感的反应,溶剂进一步用金属钠、氢化钙或分子筛处理,并在马上使用前蒸馏。产品通常在真空下干燥,然后进行进一步反应或进行生物测试。从液相色谱质谱(LCMS)、大气压化学电离(APCI)或气相色谱质谱(GCMS)仪器报告质谱数据。核磁共振(NMR)数据的化学位移以百万分之几(ppm,δ)表示,参考来自所用氘代溶剂的残余峰。在一些实例中,进行手性分离以分离本发明某些化合物的对映异构体(在一些实例中,根据它们的洗脱顺序,分离的对映异构体可以指定为ENT-1和ENT-2)。在一些实例中,使用旋光仪测量对映异构体的旋光度。根据其观察到的旋转数据(或其特定旋转数据),将具有顺时针旋转的对映异构体指定为(+)-对映异构体,将具有逆时针旋转的对映异构体指定为(-)-对映异构体。外消旋化合物可以通过与结构相邻的(+/-)的存在来指示;在这些情况下,指示的立体化学代表化合物取代基的相对(而不是绝对)构型。
通过可检测中间体进行的反应通常随后进行LCMS,并在加入后续试剂之前使其进行完全转化。对于其它实施例或方法中的合成参考步骤,反应条件(反应时间和温度)可以变化。通常,反应之后进行薄层色谱或质谱,并在适当时进行后处理。在未指定干燥剂的情况下,可以使用硫酸钠。纯化可以在实验之间变化:通常,选择用于洗脱液/梯度的溶剂和溶剂比以提供合适的Rf或保留时间。这些制备和实施例中的所有原料可商购获得,或者可通过本领域已知的方法或如本文所述的方法制备。
以下是可能出现在本文所述实验步骤中的缩写:
缩写:9-BBN = 9-硼杂双环[3.3.1]壬烷;BF3·Et2O = 三氟化硼乙醚;Boc = 叔丁氧基羰基;br = 宽峰;n-BuLi = 正丁基锂;t-BuONa = 叔丁醇钠;t-ButylXPhos = 二叔丁基[2',4',6'-三(丙-2-基)联苯-2-基]膦;Bz =苯甲酰基;CDCl3 = 氘代氯仿;CD3OD = 氘代甲醇;d = 双重峰;dd = 双重双重峰;ddd = 双重双重双重峰;DBU = 1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯;DCM = 二氯甲烷;DEPT = 无畸变极化转移增强;DMB = (2,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基;EDC或EDCI = 1-[3-(二甲基氨基)丙基]-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐;EtOAc =乙酸乙酯;EtOH = 乙醇;g = 克;h = 小时;H2O = 水;HATU = O-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐;HPLC = 高效液相色谱;Hz = 赫兹;K2CO3 = 碳酸钾;KF =氟化钾;L = 升;LCMS = 液相色谱质谱;m = 多重峰;M = 摩尔;MeOH = 甲醇;mg = 毫克;MHz = 兆赫兹;min = 分钟;ml = 毫升;μL = 微升;mmol = 毫摩尔;μmol = 微摩尔;Mo(CO)6 = 六羰基钼;mol = 摩尔;N = 正;N2 = 氮气;NaH = 氢化钠;NaHCO3 = 碳酸氢钠;NaOCl = 次氯酸钠;NaOH = 氢氧化钠;Na2SO4 = 硫酸钠;NEt3 = 三乙胺;NH4Cl = 氯化铵;NMR = 核磁共振;NOE = 核磁欧沃豪斯效应(Nuclear Overhauser effect);Pd(Amphos)2Cl2 = 双[二叔丁基(4-二甲基氨基苯基)膦]二氯化钯(II);Pd2(dba)3 = 三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0);Pd(dppf)Cl2 = [1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)-二茂铁]二氯化钯(II);Pd(dtbpf)Cl2= [1,1'-双(二叔丁基膦基)-二茂铁]二氯化钯(II);Pd(PCy3)2Cl2 = 二氯双(三环己基膦)钯(II);psi = 磅每平方英寸;q = 四重峰;rt = 室温;s = 单峰;T3P = 2,4,6-三丙基-1,3,5,2,4,6-三氧三磷酸-2,4,6-三氧化物;TBAF = 四丁基氟化铵;TEA = 三乙胺;TEA·3HF= 三乙胺三氢氟酸;TFA = 三氟乙酸;THF = 四氢呋喃;TLC = 薄层色谱;tr = 三重峰。
制备P1
3-溴-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(P1)
步骤1.5-羟基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酸乙酯(C1)的合成
将乙酸(150ml)逐滴加入到1,4-二乙氧基-1,4-二氧代丁-2-烯-2-醇钠 (30.0 g,0.143 mol) 的甲苯(150ml)溶液中,将混合物在室温下搅拌30分钟,然后加入单盐酸肼(85%,17g,0.29mol))。将反应混合物在室温下再搅拌30分钟,然后在100℃下加热过夜。之后将其真空浓缩并用乙酸乙酯(500ml)萃取;依次用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(200ml)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(200ml)洗涤有机层,经硫酸钠干燥、过滤、并减压浓缩,得到产物,为黄色固体。收率:17g,0.11mol,77%。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.75 (br s, 1H), 5.91 (brs, 1H), 4.24 (q, J=7 Hz, 2H), 1.27 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H)。
步骤2.6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(C2)的合成
将碳酸钾(48.3g,349mmol)加入到C1(13.65g,87.42mmol)的乙腈(250ml)溶液中。将混合物在室温下搅拌15分钟,然后逐滴加入1,3-二溴丙烷(10ml,98mmol),并将反应混合物加热回流16小时。然后将其冷却至室温并过滤;用乙腈(2×100ml)洗涤过滤的固体。将滤液真空浓缩,并通过硅胶色谱法(梯度:50%至95%乙酸乙酯在庚烷中)纯化残余物,得到产物,为橙色油状物。收率:10.48g,53.4mmol,61%。LCMS m/z 197.0 [M+H]+。 1H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.03 (s, 1H), 4.39 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 4.34-4.30 (m, 2H),4.26 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.33-2.26 (m, 2H), 1.39 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H)。
步骤3.3-溴-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(P1)的合成
将N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(6.00g,33.7mmol)分批加入到C2(6.00g,30.6mmol)的乙腈(100ml)溶液中。将反应混合物在50℃下搅拌1小时后,将其冷却至室温,真空浓缩,并在乙酸乙酯(200ml)和水(150ml)之间分配。将有机层用水(150ml)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(100ml)洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥、过滤、并真空浓缩。硅胶色谱(梯度:20%至80%乙酸乙酯在庚烷中)提供含有残余琥珀酰亚胺的物质;将其溶于乙酸乙酯(100ml)中,用水(2×100ml)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(100ml)洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥、过滤并减压浓缩。将得到的黄色固体用戊烷研磨,得到产物,为白色粉末。收率:6.00g,21.8mmol,71%。LCMS m/z 276.9 (观察到溴同位素模式) [M+H]+。 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.44-4.40 (m, 2H), 4.42 (q, J=7.1 Hz,2H), 4.26 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.36-2.29 (m, 2H), 1.41 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H)。
制备P2
氮杂环丁烷-1-基(3-溴-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基)甲酮(P2)
将盐酸氮杂环丁烷(2.46g,26.3mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(3.72g,28.8mmol)在甲醇(15ml)中的混合物在20℃下搅拌20分钟,然后加入P1(1.1g,4.0mmol)和氯化钙(444mg,4.00mmol)。将反应混合物在50℃下搅拌18小时后,将其真空浓缩,并使用硅胶色谱法(梯度:0%至100%乙酸乙酯在石油醚中)纯化。分离产物,为白色固体。收率:900mg,3.14mmol,78%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ4.44 (br dd, J=8.0, 7.5 Hz, 2H), 4.39(dd, J=5.3, 5.3 Hz, 2H), 4.22-4.13 (m, 4H), 2.37-2.26 (m, 4H)。
制备P3
3-溴-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺(P3)
将P1(1.00g,3.64mmol)、环丙胺(98%,2.60ml,36.8mmol)和氯化钙(404mg,3.64mmol)在甲醇(36ml)中的混合物在50℃下加热过夜。真空除去溶剂,将残余物在水(50ml)和乙酸乙酯(175ml)之间分配。将有机层用硫酸镁干燥、过滤、并减压浓缩,得到产物,为白色固体。收率:1.00g,3.49mmol,96%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.81 (br s,1H), 4.39 (dd, J=5.3, 5.2 Hz, 2H), 4.16 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.89-2.81 (m, 1H),2.35-2.27 (m, 2H), 0.86-0.79 (m, 2H), 0.64-0.58 (m, 2H)。
制备P4和P5
(6S)-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(P4)和(6R)-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(P5)
步骤1.2-氟丙烷-1,3-二醇(C3)的合成
经10分钟将氢化铝锂(1M的四氢呋喃溶液;53.3ml,53.3mmol)加入到0℃的氟代丙二酸二甲酯(5.00g,33.3mmol)的四氢呋喃(210ml)溶液中。在0℃下搅拌2分钟后,除去冰浴,使反应混合物在2小时内温热至室温,然后将其再次冷却至0℃。小心地加入L(+)-酒石酸,钾钠盐的水溶液(罗谢尔盐;2N,100ml),并将所得混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。加入乙酸乙酯,且水层用乙酸乙酯萃取三次;将合并的有机层用硫酸钠干燥、过滤、并真空浓缩,得到产物。收率:2.31g,24.6mmol,74%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN)δ4.48 (五重峰的双重峰, J=48.9, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 3.72-3.59 (m, 4H), 2.95 (br s, 2H)。
步骤2.2-氟丙烷-1,3-二基双(4-甲基苯磺酸酯)(C4)的合成
将4-甲基苯磺酸酐(16.8g,51.5mmol)加入到0℃的C3(2.31g,24.6mmol)的二氯甲烷(120ml)溶液中。然后用1分钟加入三乙胺(7.87ml,56.5mmol),并将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌1小时,然后将其依次用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液和1M盐酸洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥、过滤、并真空浓缩。将残余物用乙醇(50ml)处理,加热回流,然后在冰浴中冷却。将混合物在0℃下搅拌20分钟后,过滤;将收集的物质用冷乙醇洗涤,得到产物,为固体。收率:8.42g,20.9mmol,85%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.78 (br d, J=8.2 Hz, 4H), 7.38 (br d, J=8.3Hz, 4H), 4.82 (五重峰的双重峰, J=46.5, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 4.18 (br dd, J=20, 4.4Hz, 4H), 2.48 (s, 6H)。
步骤3.6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(C5)的合成
将C4(20g,50mmol)、C1(8.2g,52mmol)、碳酸铯(48.5g,149mmol)和碘化钠(7.5g,50mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(150ml)中的混合物在100℃下加热2小时。加入水(1L)和乙酸乙酯(500ml),并将有机层真空浓缩;硅胶色谱(梯度:1%至50%乙酸乙酯在石油醚中)得到产物,为白色固体。收率:8.0g,37mmol,74%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.10 (s, 1H),[5.32-5.27 (m) 和 5.21-5.16 (m), JHF=46 Hz, 1H], 4.67-4.54 (m, 2H), 4.48-4.32(m, 1H), 4.39 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 4.22 (br dd, J=36.6, 12.4 Hz, 1H), 1.39 (t,J=7.1 Hz, 3H)。
步骤4.分离(6S)-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(P4)和(6R)-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(P5)
使用超临界流体色谱法(柱:Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-4,5 µm;流动相:4:1二氧化碳/甲醇)分离P4和P5的外消旋混合物(833mg)。第一洗脱对映异构体是P4;这种物质表现出负(-)旋转。分离收率:250mg,30%。第二洗脱对映异构体是P5;这种物质表现出正(+)旋转。分离收率:241mg,29%。对P4和P5指示的绝对构型基于P4的X射线结构分析(见下文)分配;通过从乙酸乙酯和己烷中重结晶P4得到晶体。
P4的单晶X射线结构测定
在室温下在Bruker APEX衍射仪上进行数据收集。数据收集包括omega和phi扫描。
在空间群P21中使用SHELX软件套件通过直接方法解析该结构。随后通过全矩阵最小二乘法精修该结构。使用各向异性位移参数发现并精修所有非氢原子。
将所有氢原子置于计算的位置并使其骑在其载体原子上。最终的精修包括所有氢原子的各向同性置换参数。
使用似然法分析绝对结构(Hooft,2008)采用PLATON(Spek,2010)进行。结果表明绝对结构已正确分配。该方法计算出结构正确的概率是100.0。Hooft参数报告为0.05,esd为0.05。
最终的R-指数为3.2%。最终的差值傅立叶法显示没有丢失或错位的电子密度。
相关的晶体、数据收集和精修信息总结在表1中。原子坐标、键长、键角和位移参数列于表2-5中。
软件和参考文献
SHELXTL, Version 5.1, Bruker AXS, 1997;
PLATON, A. L. Spek, J. Appl. Cryst. 2003, 36, 7-13;
MERCURY, C. F. Macrae, P. R. Edington, P. McCabe, E. Pidcock, G. P.Shields, R. Taylor, M. Towler, 和J. van de Streek, J. Appl. Cryst. 2006, 39,453-457;
OLEX2, O. V. Dolomanov, L. J. Bourhis, R. J. Gildea, J. A. K. Howard,和H. Puschmann, J. Appl. Cryst. 2009, 42, 339-341;
R. W. W. Hooft, L. H. Straver, 和A. L. Spek, J. Appl. Cryst. 2008,41, 96-103;
H. D. Flack, Acta Cryst. 1983, A39, 867-881。
表1. P4的晶体数据和结构精修。
表2. P4的原子坐标(x 10 4)和等效各向同性位移参数(Å2 x 103)。U(eq)定义为正交化U lj张量的迹线(trace)的三分之一。
表3 P4的键长 [Å]和键角[°]。
用于生成等效原子的对称变换。
表4 P4的各向异性位移参数 (Å2 x 103)。各向异性位移因子指数采用以下形式:−2π2[h2 a*2U11 + ... + 2 h k a* b* U12 ]。
表5 P4的氢坐标(x 104)和各向同性位移参数 (Å2 x 103)。
制备P6和P7
(6S)-3-溴-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(P6)和(6R)-3-溴-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(P7)
步骤1.3-溴-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(C6)的合成
将N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(7.3g,41mmol)加入到C5(8.0g,37mmol)和乙酸(0.5ml)的二氯甲烷(120ml)溶液中,并将反应混合物在室温下搅拌3小时。在真空中除去溶剂后,通过硅胶色谱法(梯度:9%至50%乙酸乙酯在石油醚中)纯化残余物,得到产物,为白色固体。收率:8.5g,29mmol,78%。LCMS m/z 294.8(观察到溴同位素模式)[M+H]+。 1H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3) δ [5.37-5.31 (m) 和5.25-5.20 (m), JHF=45 Hz, 1H], 4.79-4.70 (m, 1H),4.66-4.55 (m, 1H), 4.48-4.32 (m, 1H), 4.43 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.29 (br dd, J=36.8, 12.9 Hz, 1H), 1.42 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H)。
步骤2.(6S)-3-溴-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(P6)和(6R)-3-溴-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(P7)的合成
使用超临界流体色谱法(柱:Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-3,5μm;流动相:4:1二氧化碳/甲醇)分离P6和P7的外消旋混合物(1.0g)。第一洗脱对映异构体是P6;这种物质表现出负(-)旋转。分离产率:~500mg,~50%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ [5.36-5.32 (m) 和5.25-5.21 (m), JHF=45 Hz, 1H], 4.79-4.70 (m, 1H), 4.67-4.56 (m, 1H), 4.48-4.33(m, 1H), 4.43 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 4.29 (br dd, J=36.9, 12.9 Hz, 1H), 1.42 (t,J=7.1 Hz, 3H)。第二洗脱对映异构体是P7;这种物质表现出正(+)旋转。分离产率:~500mg,~50%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ [5.36-5.32 (m) 和5.25-5.20 (m), JHF=45 Hz,1H], 4.79-4.70 (m, 1H), 4.67-4.56 (m, 1H), 4.49-4.32 (m, 1H), 4.43 (q, J=7.1Hz, 2H), 4.29 (br dd, J=36.8, 12.8 Hz, 1H), 1.42 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H)。通过与P5的相关性分配P6和P7的绝对构型(参见下文P7的替代合成)。
(6R)-3-溴-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(P7)的替代合成将N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(229mg,1.29mmol)加入到P5(250mg,1.17mmol)的二氯甲烷(5ml)溶液中。加入几滴乙酸,并将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。然后将其用二氯甲烷稀释,用碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥、过滤、并真空浓缩。在硅胶上进行色谱(梯度:0%至100%乙酸乙酯在庚烷中),得到产物,为固体。该物质呈现正(+)旋转,证实其为P7。收率:259mg,0.884mmol,76%。LCMS m/z 315.1(观察到溴同位素模式)[M + Na +]。1H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3) δ [5.36-5.32 (m) 和5.25-5.20 (m), JHF=45 Hz, 1H], 4.78-4.68(m, 1H), 4.65-4.54 (m, 1H), 4.48-4.32 (m, 1H), 4.41 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 4.29(br dd, J=37.1, 12.8 Hz, 1H), 1.40 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H)。
制备P8和P9
5-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(P8)和7-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(P9)
将1,3-二溴丁烷(5.8g,27mmol)加入到C1(4.0g,26mmol)和碳酸钾(14.1g,102mmol)在乙腈(100ml)中的悬浮液中,并将反应混合物加热回流过夜。将其冷却至室温后,过滤,收集的固体用乙腈(3×30ml)洗涤。将合并的滤液真空浓缩,得到P8和P9的混合物,为黄色油状物。通过1H NMR,这是大约2-3比1的混合物。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),次要组分,推测为P8:δ 6.00 (s, 1H), 4.42-4.14 (m, 5H), 2.25-2.17 (m, 1H), 2.15-2.06(m, 1H), 1.48 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 3H), 1.39 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); 主要成分,推测为P9:δ6.00 (s, 1H), 4.49-4.22 (m, 5H), 2.37 (dddd, J=14.4, 7.4, 5.6, 3.1 Hz, 1H),2.01 (dddd, J=14.4, 7.8, 6.6, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 1.64 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 3H), 1.38 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H)。将该混合物进行硅胶色谱(梯度:17%至67%乙酸乙酯在石油醚中),得到产物。基于对溴衍生物C7和C9进行的NMR研究(见下文),归属了所示的区域选择性。P8的收率:0.9g,4mmol,15%。P9的收率:1.7g,8.1mmol,31%。
制备 P10
3-(4-氯苯基)-5-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸(P10)
步骤1.3-溴-5-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(C7)的合成
将P8(0.84g,4.0mmol)和N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(0.86g,4.8mmol)的四氯甲烷(30ml)溶液在60℃下搅拌3小时,然后将其在水(30ml)和二氯甲烷(50ml)之间分配。用饱和氯化钠水溶液(30ml)洗涤有机层,经硫酸钠干燥、过滤、并真空浓缩。硅胶色谱(梯度:9%至50%乙酸乙酯在石油醚中)得到产物,为黄色固体。收率:0.80g,2.8mmol,70%。通过检查C7的13 CNMR光谱与C9的13 C NMR和DEPT光谱比较,确定甲基的位置。
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.52-4.43 (m, 1H), 4.42 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H),4.32 (ddd, 半个ABXY模式, J=12.9, 5.8, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 4.19 (ddd, 半个ABXY模式, J=12.8, 11.0, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 2.29-2.21 (m, 1H), 2.19-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.55 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 3H), 1.41 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H)。
步骤2.3-(4-氯苯基)-5-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(C8)的合成
向C7(332mg,1.15mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(10ml)和水(2.5ml)中的溶液中加入(4-氯苯基)硼酸(187mg,1.20mmol),碳酸铯(560mg,1.72mmol)和二氯双(三环己基膦)钯(II)(39mg,53μmol)。通过用氮气鼓泡使反应混合物脱气,然后在110℃下搅拌过夜,随后将其在水(10ml)和乙酸乙酯(60ml)之间分配。用饱和氯化钠水溶液(20ml)洗涤有机层,用硫酸钠干燥、过滤,并真空浓缩;硅胶色谱(梯度:9%至50%乙酸乙酯在石油醚中),得到产物,为黄色固体。如通过1H NMR分析所评估的,该物质是不纯的。收率:0.38g,~60%纯度,0.7mmol,60%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),特征峰:δ7.38(br AB四重峰,JAB = 8.6HZ,Δ AB= 33.7HZ,4H),4.35(q,J = 7Hz,2H),1.49(d,J = 6.3Hz,3H),1.34(t,J = 7.2Hz,3H)。
步骤3.3-(4-氯苯基)-5-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸(P10)的合成
向C8(来自前一步骤,纯度约60%;250mg,0.47mmol)的甲醇(6ml)溶液中加入氢氧化锂一水合物(79mg,1.9mmol),并将反应混合物在60℃下搅拌过夜。然后通过加入浓盐酸将其酸化至pH约为6。真空除去挥发物,得到粗产物(350mg),将其用于实施例9,无需另外纯化。LCMS m/z 292.7(观察到氯同位素模式)[M+H]+。
制备P11
3-(4-氯苯基)-7-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸(P11)
步骤1.3-溴-7-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(C9)的合成
使用制备P10中合成C7所述的方法进行P9向C9的转化。分离产物,为黄色固体。通过检查C9的13C NMR和DEPT光谱,与C7的13C NMR光谱比较,确定甲基的位置。收率:1.1g,3.8mmol,76%。1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 4.51-4.40 (m, 2H), 4.42 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H),4.36 (ddd, J=11.3, 7.9, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 2.40 (dddd, J=14.6, 7.4, 5.4, 3.1 Hz,1H), 2.10-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.64 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 1.41 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H)。
步骤2.3-(4-氯苯基)-7-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(C10)的合成
使用在制备P10中合成C8所述的方法,将C9转化为产物。获得产物为黄色固体,通过1H NMR分析,其纯度约为60%。收率:1.2g,~60%纯度,2mmol,50%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),仅特征产物峰:δ7.36(br AB四重峰,JAB = 8.7HZ,Δ AB= 24.2Hz,4H),4.34(q,J =7.2Hz,2H),1.68(d,J = 6.5Hz,3H),1.31(t,J = 7.2Hz,3H)。
步骤3.3-(4-氯苯基)-7-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸(P11)的合成
向C10(来自前一步骤,纯度约为60%;320mg,0.6mmol)的甲醇(6ml)溶液中加入氢氧化锂一水合物(126mg,3.00mmol),并将反应混合物在60℃下搅拌过夜。然后通过加入浓盐酸将其酸化至pH约为6。真空除去挥发物,得到粗产物(500mg),将其用于实施例10,无需另外纯化。LCMS m/z 292.8(观察到氯同位素模式)[M+H]+。
制备P12
3-溴-N-环丙基-6,6-二氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺(P12)
步骤1.2-羟基丙烷-1,3-二基双(4-甲基苯磺酸酯)(C11)的合成
将对甲苯磺酰氯(747g,3.92mol)分批加入到0℃的丙-1,2,3-三醇(180g,1.95mol)和4-(二甲基氨基)吡啶(24 g, 0.20 mol)在吡啶(400ml)和二氯甲烷(1.5L)中的溶液中。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜后,用冰水处理,通过加入浓盐酸将pH调节至3。将混合物用二氯甲烷(3×1L)萃取,将合并的有机层干燥、过滤,并真空浓缩。硅胶色谱(梯度:9%至33%乙酸乙酯在石油醚中)得到产物,为无色油状物,其通过1H NMR分析是不纯的。收率:280g,<699mmol,<36%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),仅产物峰:δ7.77(d,J = 8.3Hz,4H),7.36(d,J = 8.0Hz,4H),4.10-4.01(m,5H),2.47(s,6H)。
步骤2.2-氧代丙烷-1,3-二基双(4-甲基苯磺酸酯)(C12)的合成
将戴斯-马丁氧化剂[1,1,1-三(乙酰氧基)-1,1-二氢-1,2-苯碘酰-3-(1H)-酮](9.50g,22.4mmol)加入到C11(3.0g,7.5mmol)的二氯甲烷(100ml)溶液中,并将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液和饱和硫代硫酸钠水溶液,并将得到的混合物用二氯甲烷萃取。将合并的有机层干燥、过滤并真空浓缩;硅胶色谱(梯度:9%至50%乙酸乙酯在石油醚中)得到产物,为白色固体。收率:2.0g,5.0mmol,67%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3) δ 7.81(d,J = 8.3Hz,4H),7.39(d,J = 8.1Hz,4H),4.71(s,4H),2.48(s 6H)。
步骤3.2,2-二氟丙烷-1,3-二基双(4-甲基苯磺酸酯)(C13)的合成
在0℃下,将C12(1.2g,3.0mmol)的二氯甲烷(30ml)溶液缓慢加入到(二乙氨基)三氟化硫(2.4g,15mmol)中。将反应混合物在40℃下搅拌6小时,然后用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液缓慢处理。用二氯甲烷萃取所得混合物,将有机层干燥、过滤、并真空浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法(梯度:9%至50%乙酸乙酯在石油醚中)纯化残余物,得到产物,为浅黄色固体。收率:550mg,1.3mmol,43%。LCMS m/z 442.9 [M+Na+]。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.78(br d,J =8.3Hz,4H),7.39(br d,J =8.0Hz,4H),4.18(t,JHF =11.4Hz,4H),2.48(s,6H)。
步骤4.6,6-二氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(C14)的合成
将 C13(460mg,1.1mmol)、C1(600mg,3.8mmol)、碳酸铯(1.1 g, 3.4 mmol)、和碘化钠(140mg,0.93mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(13ml)中的混合物加热至100℃,保持3小时。然后将反应混合物用水(30ml)稀释,并用乙酸乙酯(3×15ml)萃取。将合并的有机层减压浓缩,并通过硅胶色谱法纯化(梯度:0%至50%乙酸乙酯在石油醚中);分离产物,为白色固体。收率:220mg,0.95mmol,86%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ6.15(s,1H),4.59(br t,JHF =12.4Hz,2H),4.40(q,J = 7.2Hz,2H),4.36(br t,JHF = 10.4Hz,2H),1.40(t,J = 7.2Hz,3H)。
步骤5.3-溴-6,6-二氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(C15)的合成
将C14(200mg,0.86mmol)和N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(178mg,1.00mmol)在二氯甲烷(30ml)中的混合物在室温下搅拌16小时。然后将反应混合物用二氯甲烷(50ml)稀释,用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥、过滤、并真空浓缩,得到产物,为黄色固体。收率:230mg,0.74mmol,86%。
步骤6.3-溴-N-环丙基-6,6-二氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺(P12)的合成
将C15(290mg,0.93mmol)、环丙胺(2ml)和氯化钙(100mg,0.90mmol)在甲醇(20ml)中的混合物加热至50℃,保持3小时。然后将反应混合物减压浓缩;将残余物用二氯甲烷(80ml)稀释,依次用水(15ml)和饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥、过滤、并真空浓缩,得到产物,为黄色固体。收率:250mg,0.78mmol,84%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 4.50 (t,JHF=11.9 Hz, 2H), 4.43 (t, JHF=10.4 Hz, 2H), 2.90-2.81 (m, 1H), 0.89-0.80 (m,2H), 0.66-0.58 (m, 2H)。
实施例1
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮(1)
向P2(100mg,0.35mmol)的1,4-二噁烷(20ml)和水(0.5ml)溶液中加入(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)硼酸(71mg,0.42mmol)、双[二-叔丁基(4-二甲基氨基苯基)膦]二氯化钯(II)[Pd(Amphos)2Cl2;13mg,18μmol]和氟化铯(161mg,1.06mmol),并将反应混合物在100℃下搅拌15小时。然后将其过滤,并将滤液真空浓缩。通过反相HPLC(柱:Phenomenex GeminiC18,8μm;流动相A:氨水,pH 10;流动相B:乙腈;梯度:38 %至58%B)纯化残余物以提供为白色固体的产物。收率:13.3mg,40 µmol, 11%. LCMS m/z 354.1(观察到氯同位素模式)[M+Na+]。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.22 (br s, 1H), 7.18-7.13 (m, 2H), 4.34-4.28 (m,2H), 4.28-4.17 (m, 4H), 4.11-4.04 (m, 2H), 2.37-2.28 (m, 2H), 2.27-2.17 (m,2H), 2.20 (s, 3H)。
实施例2
3-(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺(2)
将含有甲苯(25ml)的烧瓶抽真空并充入氮气。进行P3(250mg,0.874mmol)和(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)硼酸(298mg,1.75mmol)的添加,每次添加后,使用相同的脱气程序。加入氟化铯(664mg,4.37mmol)的水(4.4ml)溶液,然后加入双[二-叔丁基(4-二甲基氨基苯基)膦]二氯化钯(II)(77.2mg,0.109mmol))在1,2-二氯乙烷(2.2ml)中的溶液,并将反应混合物加热至100℃保持16小时。然后将其真空浓缩,并在硅胶上进行色谱法(洗脱液:乙酸乙酯),然后进行反相HPLC(柱:Phenomenex Luna C18(2),5 µm;流动相A:0.1%甲酸水溶液;流动相B:甲醇中的0.1%甲酸;梯度:30%至80%B)。分离产物,为固体。收率:67.5mg,0.203mmol,23%。LCMS m/z 332.1(观察到氯同位素模式)[M+ H]+。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.20(br s, 1H), 7.15 (AB四重峰, 高场的二重峰被加宽, JAB=8.2 Hz, Δ AB=10.7 Hz,2H), 6.79 (br s, 1H), 4.27 (dd, J=5.1, 5.1 Hz, 2H), 4.20 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H),2.79-2.70 (m, 1H), 2.33-2.24 (m, 2H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 0.78-0.71 (m, 2H), 0.56-0.49 (m, 2H)。
实施例3
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(4-氯-2,5-二氟苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮(3)
步骤1.2-(4-氯-2,5-二氟苯基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷(C16)的合成
将1-溴-4-氯-2,5-二氟苯(9.00g,39.6mmol)、4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-双-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷(15.1g,59.5mmol)和乙酸钾(7.8g,80mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(80ml)中的混合物通过用氮气吹扫脱气2分钟。然后加入[1,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(1.5g,2.0mmol),并将反应混合物在100℃下搅拌18小时。然后过滤;将滤液真空浓缩,并进行硅胶色谱(梯度:0%至10%乙酸乙酯在石油醚中),得到产物,为黄色固体。收率:6.1g,2.2mmol,56%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ7.48 (dd, J=8.8, 4.9 Hz, 1H),7.12 (dd, J=8.0, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 1.36 (s, 12H)。
步骤2.氮杂环丁烷-1-基 [3-(4-氯-2,5-二氟苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮(3)的合成
将P2(1.8g,6.3mmol)、C16(4.32g,15.7mmol)和碳酸铯(4.10g,12.6mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(20ml)中的混合物通过用氮气吹扫脱气2分钟。然后加入[1,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(460mg,0.63mmol),并将反应混合物在100℃下搅拌18小时。加入水(60ml)和二氯甲烷(60ml)后,过滤混合物,滤液用二氯甲烷(3×40ml)萃取。合并的有机层用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥、过滤、并真空浓缩。反相HPLC(柱:PhenomenexGemini,10μm;流动相A:0.05%盐酸水溶液;流动相B:乙腈;梯度:30%至70%B),得到产物,为浅黄色固体。收率:700mg,2.0mmol,32%。LCMS m/z 354.1(观察到氯同位素模式)[M+H]+。1HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.26 (dd, J=9.4, 6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (dd, J=8.8, 6.3 Hz,1H), 4.41 (br dd, J=7.8, 7.5 Hz, 2H), 4.36 (dd, J=5.3, 5.3 Hz, 2H), 4.22 (t,J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 4.14 (br dd, J=7.8, 7.8 Hz, 2H), 2.38-2.25 (m, 4H)。
实施例 4
氮杂环丁烷-1-基 [3-(4-氯-2,3-二氟苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮(4)
步骤1.3-(4-氯-2,3-二氟苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(C18)的合成
向2-(4-氯-2,3-二氟苯基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷(C17;除了使用粗品和过量使用以外,该物质使用在实施例3中合成C16所述的方法制备)在1,4-二噁烷(8ml)和水(2ml)的溶液中加入P1(150mg,0.545mmol)、二氯双(三环己基膦)钯(II)(20mg,27μmol)和碳酸铯(355mg,1.09mmol)。将反应混合物在100℃搅拌过夜,然后将其真空浓缩,通过硅胶色谱法纯化,得到产物,为黄色固体。收率:24.1mg,70.3μmol,13%。LCMSm/z 342.9(观察到氯同位素模式)[M+H]+。
步骤2.氮杂环丁烷-1-基 [3-(4-氯-2,3-二氟苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮的合成(4)
将盐酸氮杂环丁烷(37.6mg,0.402mmol)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺和氯化钙(22.2mg,0.200mmol)加入到C18(35mg,0.10mmol)的甲醇(10ml)溶液中,将反应混合物在50℃下搅拌过夜。在真空中除去溶剂后,使用反相HPLC(柱:Phenomenex Synergi C18,4µm;流动相A:0.225%甲酸水溶液;流动相B:甲醇;梯度:40%至60%B)纯化残余物得到产品,为白色固体。收率:11.2mg,31.6µmol,32%。LCMS m/z 354.2(观察到氯同位素模式)[M+H]+。1H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.21-7.10 (m, 2H), 4.46-4.37 (m, 2H), 4.36 (dd, J=5.4, 4.9Hz, 2H), 4.23 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 4.18-4.10 (m, 2H), 2.39-2.25 (m, 4H)。
实施例5
3-(4-氰基-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺(5)
步骤1.2-氟-5-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苄腈(C19)的合成
使用实施例3中合成C16所述的方法,将 4-溴-2-氟-5-甲基苄腈(600mg,2.8mmol)转化为产物。在这种情况下,使用梯度为0%至30%在石油醚中的乙酸乙酯进行硅胶色谱;得到产物,为白色固体。收率:500mg,1.9mmol,68%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.56 (d,J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 2.51 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 12H)。
步骤2.3-(4-氰基-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺(5)的合成
将[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(96mg,0.13mmol)加入到P3(750mg,2.62mmol)、C19(1.03g,3.94mmol)和碳酸铯(723mg,2.22mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(20ml)和水(2ml)中的混合物中。将反应在100℃下搅拌16小时后,将其真空浓缩,溶于乙酸乙酯(10ml)中并用水(5ml)洗涤。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤,减压浓缩。硅胶色谱(梯度:20%至40%乙酸乙酯在石油醚中),得到产物,为白色固体。收率:381.4mg,1.120mmol,43%。LCMS m/z 340.9 [M+H]+。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)δ7.43 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H),7.11 (d, J=9.7 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (br s, 1H), 4.34 (dd, J=5.3, 5.1 Hz, 2H), 4.22(dd, J=6.3, 6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.79-2.72 (m, 1H), 2.39-2.30 (m, 2H), 2.18 (s, 3H),0.82-0.75 (m, 2H), 0.61-0.54 (m, 2H)。
实施例6
(6S)-3-(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺(6)
步骤1. (6S)-3-(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(C20)的合成
向经脱气的1,4-二噁烷(5ml)和水(0.5ml)的混合物中加入P6(2.50g,8.53mmol)、(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)硼酸(1.60g,9.39mmol)、碳酸铯(5.56g,7.13mmol)和[1,1'-双(二叔丁基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(278mg,0.426mmol)。将反应容器抽真空并充入氮气。将该抽真空循环重复两次,然后使反应在室温下进行3小时。真空除去溶剂,将残余物在硅胶上色谱分离(洗脱液:1:1乙酸乙酯/庚烷),得到产物。收率:2.1g,6.2mmol,73%。LCMS m/z339.4(观察到氯同位素模式)[M+H]+。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3), 特征峰: δ 7.24 (br s,1H), 7.17 (br dd, ABX模式的一半, J=8.2, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (br d, AB四重峰的一半, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), [5.34-5.29 (m) 和5.23-5.18 (m), JHF=45 Hz, 1H], 4.30-4.13(m, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 1.23 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H)。
步骤2. (6S)-3-(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸的合成(C21)
将氢氧化钾(13mmol)加入到C20(2.2g,6.5mmol)的甲醇(10ml)溶液中,并将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。然后将其在冰浴中冷却,通过加入氯化氢溶液酸化至pH为4-5,并真空浓缩。该物质无需纯化即可用于下一步骤。LCMS m/z 311.3(观察到氯同位素模式)[M+H]+。
步骤3. (6S)-3-(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺(6)的合成
将C21(来自前一步骤,≤6.5mmol)和环丙胺(600mg,10.5mmol)的二氯甲烷(50ml)溶液用N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.49ml,14.3mmol)处理。然后加入2,4,6-三丙基-1,3,5,2,4,6-三氧三膦酸(trioxatriphosphinane)2,4,6-三氧化物(4.55g,14.3mmol,50%乙酸乙酯溶液),并将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。然后将其依次用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(10ml)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(10ml)洗涤、干燥、过滤、并真空浓缩。将一部分所得物质进行超临界流体色谱(柱:Princeton 4-乙基吡啶,5μm;流动相:4:1二氧化碳/乙醇),得到产物,为白色固体(0.89g)。该物质通过粉末X射线衍射是结晶的。剩余物用甲醇重结晶,得到另外的产物(0.97g)。2步的合并收率:1.86g,5.32mmol,82%。LCMS m/z 350.4(观察到氯同位素模式)[M+H]+。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.24 (br s, 1H), 7.21 (d, AB四重峰的一半, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (br dd,ABX模式的一半, J=8.2, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (br s, 1H),[5.34-5.29 (m) 和5.23-5.18 (m), JHF=45 Hz, 1H], 4.65-4.49 (m, 2H), 4.40 (ddd,half of ABXY模式的一半, J=36.7, 14.2, 3.3 Hz, 1H), 4.21 (dd, J=36.9, 12.7 Hz,1H), 2.81-2.72 (m, 1H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 0.80-0.73 (m, 2H), 0.57-0.50 (m, 2H)。
实施例7
(6S)-3-(4-氯-2,5-二氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺(7)
步骤1. (6S)-3-溴-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺(C22)的合成
将三甲基铝(2M甲苯溶液;8ml,16mmol)加入到P6(2.5g,8.5mmol)和环丙胺(8ml)的甲苯(50ml)溶液中,并将反应混合物加热至80° C持续2小时。加入水(200ml),用乙酸乙酯(3×100ml)萃取所得混合物;将合并的有机层干燥并过滤。用硅胶处理滤液后,将其过滤,将滤液真空浓缩,得到产物,为黄色固体。收率:2.30g,7.56mmol,89%。1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.81 (br s, 1H), [5.36-5.30 (m) 和5.25-5.18 (m), JHF=45.2 Hz,1H], 4.77-4.67 (m, 1H), 4.53-4.42 (m, 1H), 4.42-4.21 (m, 2H), 2.88-2.80 (m,1H), 0.86-0.79 (m, 2H), 0.64-0.58 (m, 2H)。
步骤2. (6S)-3-(4-氯-2,5-二氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺(7)的合成
将C22(600mg,1.97mmol)、C16(850mg,3.10mmol)和碳酸铯(1.3g,4.0mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(15ml)和水(15ml)中的混合物通过用氮气吹扫2分钟使脱气,然后加入[1,1'-双(二叔丁基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(30mg,46µmol)。将反应混合物在100℃加热3小时后,过滤并真空浓缩。使用反相HPLC(柱:YMC-Triart C18,5μm;流动相A:0.225%甲酸的水溶液;流动相B:乙腈;梯度:42%至62%B)进行纯化,得到产物,为黄色固体。收率:257mg,0.691mmol,35%。LCMS m/z 371.9(观察到氯同位素模式)[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.28(dd,J = 9.0,6.5Hz,1 H,假定;部分被溶剂峰遮蔽),7.15(dd,J = 8.6,6.4Hz,1H),6.87(br s,1 H),[5.37-5.29(m)和5.25-5.18(m),JHF = 44.9 Hz,1 H],4.69-4.59(m,1H),4.51(br dd,J = 16.5,15Hz,1H),4.37(ddd,ABXY模式的一半,J = 36.5,14.6,3.0Hz,1H),4.25(dd,J = 36.9,12.8Hz,1H),2.83-2.74(m,1H),0.84-0.76(m,2H),0.63-0.56(m,2H)。
实施例8
3-(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6,6-二氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺(8)
将P12(50mg,0.16mmol)、(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)硼酸(40mg,0.23mmol)和氟化铯(73mg,0.48mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(3ml)和水(0.3ml)中的混合物通过用氮气吹扫2分钟使脱气。加入双[二叔丁基(4-二甲基氨基苯基)膦]二氯化钯(II)(10mg,14μmol),并将反应混合物在100℃下加热16小时。然后过滤,将滤液真空浓缩;反相HPLC(柱:DIKMA Diamonsil(2)C18, 5μm;流动相A:0.225%甲酸水溶液;流动相B:乙腈;梯度:40%至60%B)得到产物,为白色固体。收率:8mg,20µmol,12%。LCMS m/z 368.0(观察到氯同位素模式)[M+H]+。1H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.24 (br s, 1H), 7.18 (br s, 2H), 6.74 (br s, 1H), 4.57(t, JHF=12.0 Hz, 2H), 4.34 (t, JHF=10.4 Hz, 2H), 2.81-2.72 (m, 1H), 2.17 (s,3H), 0.81-0.74 (m, 2H), 0.58-0.51 (m, 2H)。
实施例 9
3-(4-氯苯基)-N-环丙基-5-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺(9)
向P10(来自制备P10,步骤3;350mg,≤0.47mmol)的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(5ml)溶液中加入O-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐(HATU;757mg,2.0mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2ml)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌20分钟,然后用环丙胺(126mg,2.2mmol)处理,并在室温下继续搅拌过夜。将反应混合物在水(20ml)和乙酸乙酯(60ml)之间分配,有机层用饱和氯化钠水溶液(10ml)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥、过滤、并真空浓缩。使用反相HPLC(柱:Boston Symmetrix C18 ODS-H,5μm;流动相A:0.225%甲酸水溶液;流动相B:乙腈;梯度:40%至60%B)纯化残余物,得到产品为白色固体。收率:52mg,0.16mmol,34%。LCMS m/z 331.8(观察到氯同位素模式)[M+H]+。
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.57 (br d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (br d, J=8.5Hz, 2H), 6.90 (br s, 1H), 4.47-4.35 (m, 1H), 4.29-4.09 (m, 2H), 2.86-2.75 (m,1H), 2.30-2.20 (m, 1H), 2.20-2.06 (m, 1H), 1.49 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 3H), 0.85-0.76(m, 2H), 0.63-0.55 (m, 2H)。
实施例 10
3-(4-氯苯基)-N-环丙基-7-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺(10)
使用实施例9中合成9所述的方法,将P11转化为产物。在这种情况下,通过反相HPLC(柱:Phenomenex Synergi C18,4μm;流动相A:0.225%甲酸水溶液;流动相B:乙腈;梯度:45%至65%B)纯化产物,并分离为白色固体。收率:68mg,0.20mmol,33%。LCMS m/z 331.9(观察到氯同位素模式)[M+H]+。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.56 (d, J=8.5 Hz,2H), 7.31 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.00 (br s, 1H), 4.46-4.33 (m, 2H), 4.33-4.25(m, 1H), 2.85-2.76 (m, 1H), 2.45-2.34 (m, 1H), 2.11-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.64 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 3H), 0.84-0.77 (m, 2H), 0.65-0.58 (m, 2H)。
实施例 11
3-(4-氰基-3-氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺(11)
步骤1.3-(4-氰基-3-氟苯基)-6-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(C23)的合成
将P1(200mg,0.73mmol)、(4-氰基-3-氟苯基)硼酸(160mg,0.97mmol)和碳酸铯(400mg,1.23mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(10 ml) 和水(1ml)中的混合物通过用氮气吹扫脱气2分钟。加入二氯双(三环己基膦)钯(II)(10mg,14μmol),并将反应混合物在100℃下搅拌16小时。然后将其用水(50ml)稀释,并将得到的混合物用乙酸乙酯(3×100ml)萃取;将合并的有机层用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥、过滤、并真空浓缩。制备型薄层色谱法得到产物,为黄色油状物。收率:200mg,0.63mmol,86%。
步骤2.3-(4-氰基-3-氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺(11)的合成
将C23(150mg,0.476mmol)、氯化钙(50mg,0.45mmol)和环丙胺(0.5ml)在甲醇(2ml)中的混合物在50℃下搅拌2小时,随后过滤反应混合物。将滤液减压浓缩并进行反相HPLC(柱:Phenomenex Gemini C18,8μm;流动相A:氨水,pH 10;流动相B:乙腈;梯度:36%至56%B),提供产品为白色固体。收率:47.4mg,0.145mmol,30%。LCMS m/z 327.1 [M+H]+。1HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ7.68-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.55 (dd, J=7.8, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 6.99(br s, 1H), 4.41 (dd, J=5.3, 5.0 Hz, 2H), 4.21 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.86-2.79(m, 1H), 2.40-2.33 (m, 2H), 0.87-0.81 (m, 2H), 0.65-0.59 (m, 2H)。
方法A
从P1两步合成3-取代-N-取代-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺
将P1(55mg,200μmol),氯化钙(22mg,200μmol)和需要的胺R2R3NH(800μmol)在甲醇(2ml)中的混合物在加盖小瓶中在65℃下保持振摇16小时,然后使用Speedvac®浓缩器除去溶剂。将残余物用水(1ml)稀释,并用乙酸乙酯(3×2ml)萃取;将合并的有机层用硫酸钠干燥、过滤,并使用Speedvac® 浓缩器浓缩,得到粗制中间体3-溴-N-取代-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺C24。将该C24在1,4-二噁烷中的溶液(0.1M溶液,1.0ml,100μmol)与需要的硼酸或硼酸酯试剂(150μmol)混合,然后加入碳酸铯水溶液(1 M,200μL,200μmol)和[1,1'-双(二叔丁基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(1.3mg,2μmol),并将反应小瓶加盖并在100°下持续振摇16个小时。在使用Speedvac® 浓缩器将反应混合物浓缩至干燥后,使用以下系统之一对其进行反相HPLC,得到产物:1)柱:DIKMA Diamonsil(2)C18, 5μm;流动相A:0.225%甲酸水溶液;流动相B:乙腈;梯度:25%至60%B。 2)柱:Phenomenex Gemini C18,8μm;流动相A:氨水,pH 10;流动相B:乙腈;梯度:30%至70%B。
表6. 实施例12-19的制备方法、结构和物理化学性质
1. 使用制备P10中所述的化学方法,由P1合成所需的6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸。
2. 使用实施例3中所述的方法,由适当的芳基溴合成硼酸酯试剂。
表7. 实施例20-58的制备方法、结构和质谱数据
1.使用制备P10中描述的化学方法从P1合成所需要的6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酸。
2. 在这种情况下,使用4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷,而不是硼酸。
3. 使用实施例3中所述的方法,由适当的芳基溴合成硼酸酯试剂。
4. 使用实施例6中描述的由C20合成6的化学,将中间体C6转化为所需要的3-溴-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺。
5. 通过超临界流体色谱法(柱:Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-2,5μm;流动相7:3二氧化碳/甲醇)将实施例51分离成其组分对映异构体。第一洗脱对映异构体归属为实施例53A,后洗脱对映异构体归属为实施例52。
6. 所示的绝对立体化学最初基于实施例52和53A的相对生物活性归属(参见表7和表9),类似于实施例54和55,其由已知手性的中间体(分别为C22和P7)合成。
7. 实施例53A所示的绝对立体化学也通过单一对映异构体C22的合成得到支持(参见实施例53B)。实施例53A和53B的生物活性基本上相同,并且与实施例52的生物活性显著不同(参见表7和表9)。
8. 使用实施例6中描述的由C20合成6的化学,将中间体P7转化为所需要的(6R)-3-溴-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺。
9. 通过超临界流体色谱法[柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralpak AD,10μm;流动相:7:3二氧化碳/(0.1%氢氧化铵乙醇溶液)]将外消旋3-(4-氯-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺分离成其组分对映异构体。第一洗脱对映异构体是实施例56,后洗脱对映异构体是实施例57。实施例57通过反相HPLC(柱:Agela Durashell C18,5µm;流动相A:0.225%甲酸水溶液;流动相B:0.225%甲酸的乙腈溶液;梯度:32%至52%B)进一步纯化。
10. 实施例56和57所示的绝对立体化学基于其相对活性暂时归属(见表7和表9);氟的绝对立体化学类似于实施例54和55设定,实施例54和55分别由纯手性中间体C22和P7制备。
使用上述实施例1-58的方法,还制备了表8中的化合物。
表8. 实施例59-64。
使用以下生物测定法测定本发明化合物的PDE4A、PDE4B、PDE4C和PDE4D结合亲和力:
生物测定
将人PDE4A3编码序列(来自登录号为NP_001104779的氨基酸2至825)克隆到杆状病毒表达载体pFastBac(Invitrogen)中,该载体经工程改造以包含N末端His6亲和标签和C末端FLAG亲和标签以帮助纯化。分离重组Bacmid并用于转染昆虫细胞以产生病毒原液(viral stock)。为了产生用于纯化的细胞糊(cell paste),用病毒原液感染昆虫细胞,并在感染后72小时收获细胞。裂解昆虫细胞糊,离心后,将上清液与Ni-NTA琼脂糖(GEHealthcare)分批结合,并用250mM咪唑洗脱。将该洗脱液用FLAG缓冲液(50mM Tris HCl pH7.5,100mM NaCl,5%甘油,1mM TCEP和蛋白酶抑制剂)稀释,并在4℃下与抗-FLAG M2琼脂糖(Sigma)分批结合过夜。将琼脂糖装入柱中,用缓冲液洗涤,使用250μg/ml Flag-肽用含有缓冲液的洗脱液洗脱。使用SDS-PAGE考马斯蓝染色分析级分,并基于纯度合并。将合并的级分在S200 120ml柱(GE Healthcare)上在50mM Tris HCl pH 7.5、150mM NaCl、10%甘油、2mM TCEP和蛋白酶抑制剂中进行色谱分离。通过SDS-PAGE考马斯蓝染色分析PDE4A3级分,基于纯度合并,用50mM Tris HCl pH 7.5、100mM NaCl、20%甘油、2mM TCEP透析,冷冻并储存在-80℃。
将具有导致氨基酸置换S134E,S654A,S659A和S661A的突变的人PDE4B1编码序列(来自具有登录号Q07343的序列的氨基酸122至736)克隆到杆状病毒表达载体pFastBac(Invitrogen)中,其被工程化以包括N末端His6亲和标签,有助于纯化,然后是凝血酶切割位点。分离重组Bacmid并用于转染昆虫细胞以产生病毒原液。为了产生用于纯化的细胞糊,用病毒原液感染昆虫细胞,并在感染后72小时收获细胞,如Seeger, T. F. et al., BrainResearch 985 (2003) 113-126中所述。裂解昆虫细胞糊且离心后,如Seeger, T. F. etal., Brain Research 985 (2003) 113-126所述,在Ni-NTA琼脂糖(Qiagen)上对上清液进行色谱分离。合并含有PDE4的Ni-NTA琼脂糖洗脱级分,用Q缓冲液A(20mM Tris HCl pH8,5%甘油,1mM TCEP)稀释以将NaCl减少至~100 mM并装载在Source 15Q(GE Healthcare)柱上。在用Q缓冲液A/10%缓冲液B洗涤至基线后,用10%至60%缓冲液B(20mM Tris HClpH8, 1M NaCl,5%甘油,1mM TCEP)的梯度洗脱PDE4D。通过SDS-PAGE考马斯蓝染色分析PDE4D级分,基于纯度合并,冷冻并储存在-80℃。
将人PDE4C1编码序列(来自具有登录号NP_000914.2的序列的氨基酸2至712)克隆到杆状病毒表达载体pFastBac(Invitrogen)中,所述载体经工程改造以包含N末端His6亲和标签和C末端FLAG亲和标签以帮助净化。分离重组Bacmid并用于转染昆虫细胞以产生病毒原液。为了产生用于纯化的细胞糊,用病毒原液感染昆虫细胞,并在感染后72小时收获细胞。裂解昆虫细胞糊,离心后,将上清液与Ni-NTA琼脂糖(GE Healthcare)分批结合,用250mM咪唑洗脱。将该洗脱液用FLAG缓冲液(50mM Tris HCl pH 7.5, 100mM NaCl,5%甘油,1mM TCEP和蛋白酶抑制剂)稀释,并在4℃下与抗FLAG M2琼脂糖(Sigma)分批结合过夜。将琼脂糖装入柱中,用缓冲液洗涤,使用250μg/ml Flag-肽用含有缓冲液的洗脱液洗脱。使用SDS-PAGE考马斯蓝染色分析级分,并基于纯度合并。将合并的级分在S200 120ml柱(GEHealthcare)上在50mM Tris HCl pH 7.5、 150mM NaCl、10%甘油、2mMTCEP和蛋白酶抑制剂中进行色谱分离。通过SDS-PAGE分析PDE4C1级分。基于纯度合并,用50mM Tris HCl pH7.5、 100mM NaCl、20%甘油、2mM TCEP透析,冷冻并在-80℃下储存。
将人PDE4D3编码序列的一部分(来自登录号为Q08499-2的序列的氨基酸50至672)克隆到杆状病毒表达载体pFastBac(Invitrogen)中,该载体经工程改造以包括C端His6亲和标签以帮助纯化,如在Seeger, T. F. et al., Brain Research 985 (2003) 113-126中描述。分离重组Bacmid并用于转染昆虫细胞以产生病毒原液。为了产生用于纯化的细胞糊,感染昆虫细胞并在感染后72小时收获细胞。裂解昆虫细胞糊,离心后,如Seeger, T. F.et al., Brain Research 985 (2003) 113-126所述,在Ni-NTA琼脂糖(Qiagen)上对上清液进行色谱分离。合并含有PDE4的Ni-NTA琼脂糖洗脱级分,用Q缓冲液A(50mM Tris HClpH8, 4%甘油,100mM NaCl,1mM TCEP,不含EDTA的蛋白酶抑制剂(Roche))稀释以将NaCl减少至~200 mM,并加载到Q Sepharose(GE Healthcare)柱上。在用Q缓冲液A洗涤至基线后,用10%至60%缓冲液B(50mM Tris HCl pH8,1M NaCl,4%甘油,1mM TCEP)的梯度洗脱PDE4D。通过SDS-PAGE考马斯蓝染色分析PDE4D级分,基于纯度合并,冷冻并储存在-80℃。
PDE4A3,PDE4B1,PDE4C1和PDE4D3测定使用闪烁亲近测定(SPA)技术来测量化合物在体外对人重组PDE4A3,PDE4B1,PDE4C1和PDE4D3酶活性的抑制。除了酶的浓度(80pMPDE4A3、40pM PDE4B1、40pM PDE4C1和10pM PDE4D3)之外,使用相同的参数平行运行PDE4A3,PDE4B1,PDE4C1和PDE4D3测定。使用含有足够的PDE4A3,PDE4B1,PDE4C1和PDE4D3的50μL测定缓冲液(50mM TRIS pH 7.5;1.3mM MgCl2;0.01%Brij)以384孔格式进行测定以转化~20%的底物(由20nM 3 H-cAMP +980μM冷cAMP组成的1μMcAMP)和一系列抑制剂。将反应在25℃温育30分钟。加入20μL的8mg/ml硅酸钇SPA珠(PerkinElmer)使反应停止。将板密封(TopSeal,PerkinElmer)并使珠子沉降8小时,然后在TriLux MicroBeta上读取它们过夜。
表9. 实施例1-58的生物活性
a. 除非另有说明,否则值表示2-6次测定的几何平均值。
b. 值表示≥ 7次测定的几何平均值。
c. 未测定。
d.值代表单次测定。
本发明还涉及如下各项内容:
1. 化合物在制备用于治疗由PDE4A、PDE4B和PDE4C同种型介导的疾病或病况的药物中的用途,其中所述疾病或病况选自精神病、银屑病性关节炎、创伤性脑损伤、癫痫、自身免疫性和炎症性疾病以及由于药物依赖和滥用导致的行为障碍,且所述化合物具有根据式I的结构:
或是其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
R1是选自下列的取代基:(C6-C10)芳基和(5-至10-元)杂芳基,其中所述(C6-C10)芳基和(5-至10-元)杂芳基任选被一至三个R5取代;
R2和R3各自独立地选自氢、(C1-C6)烷基和(C3-C8)环烷基;或者
R2和R3与它们所连接的氮一起形成(4-至10-元)杂环烷基;
当存在时,R4,在每次出现时,独立地选自卤素、氰基、羟基、硝基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷硫基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和-N(R7)(R8);
当存在时,R5,在每次出现时,独立地选自卤素、氰基、羟基、硝基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷硫基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和-N(R7)(R8),其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷硫基和(C1-C6)烷氧基任选被一至三个卤素原子取代;
R7和R8在每次出现时独立地选自氢和(C1-C6)烷基;和
a代表选自0、1、2或3的整数。
2. 根据项1所述的用途,其中R1是选自苯基或萘基的(C6-C10)芳基,其中苯基或萘基任选被一至三个R5取代。
3. 根据项2所述的用途,其中R1是C6-C10)芳基,并且所述芳基是苯基,其中苯基任选被一至三个R5取代。
4. 根据项1所述的用途,其中R1是(5-至10-元)杂芳基,其任选被一至三个R5取代。
5. 根据项4所述的用途,其中R1是(5-至10-元)杂芳基,所述杂芳基选自三唑基、咪唑基、呋喃基、异噁唑基、异噻唑基、1,2,3-噁二唑基、1,2,4-噁二唑基、1,2,5-噁二唑基或1,3,4-噁二唑基、噁唑基、噻吩基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、吡唑基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吲哚基、吲唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻吩基、苯并噁二唑基、苯并噻唑基、异苯并噻吩基、苯并噻吩基、苯并异噁唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并二氧杂环戊烯基、呋喃并吡啶基、嘌呤基、咪唑并吡啶基、咪唑并嘧啶基、吡咯并吡啶基、吡唑并吡啶基、吡唑并嘧啶基、噻吩并吡啶基、三唑并嘧啶基、三唑并吡啶基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、噌啉基、喹唑啉基、氧代苯并吡喃基和1,4-苯并噁嗪基,其各自任选被一至三个R5取代。
6. 根据项5所述的用途,其中R1是(5-至10-元)杂芳基,并且所述杂芳基选自吡啶基、三唑并吡啶基、吡唑并吡啶基和苯并噁唑基,其各自任选被一至三个R5取代。
7. 根据项5所述的用途,其中R1是(5-至6-元)杂芳基,并且所述杂芳基是吡啶基,其任选被一至三个R5取代。
8. 根据项1-7中任一项所述的用途,其中R1被一至三个R5取代,其中每个R5独立地选自卤素、氰基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基任选被一至三个卤素原子取代。
9. 根据项8所述的用途,其中R5是选自氟或氯的卤素。
10. 根据项8所述的用途,其中R5是(C1-C6)烷基,并且所述烷基选自甲基、乙基或丙基,并且所述甲基、乙基和丙基任选被一至三个氟原子取代。
11. 根据项8所述的用途,其中R5是(C1-C6)烷氧基,并且所述烷氧基选自甲氧基、乙氧基或丙氧基,并且所述甲氧基、乙氧基和丙氧基任选被一至三个氟原子取代。
12. 根据项1所述的用途,其中R2和R3各自独立地选自氢、(C1-C6)烷基和(C3-C8)环烷基。
13. 根据项12所述的用途,其中R2和R3中的一个是氢,且另一个是(C1-C6)烷基。
14. 根据项13所述的用途,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基选自甲基、乙基、正丙基和异丙基。
15. 根据项12所述的用途,其中R2和R3中的一个是氢,且另一个是(C3-C8)环烷基。
16. 根据项15所述的用途,其中所述(C3-C8)环烷基选自环丙基、环丁基和环戊基。
17. 根据项16所述的用途,其中所述(C3-C8)环烷基是环丙基。
18. 根据项1所述的用途,其中R2和R3与它们所连接的氮一起形成(4-至6-元)杂环烷基。
19. 根据项18所述的用途,其中所述(4-至6-元)杂环烷基选自氮杂环丁烷基、四氢吡唑基、四氢噁嗪基、四氢嘧啶基、咪唑烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、噁唑烷基和吡咯烷基。
20. 根据项19所述的用途,其中所述(4-至6-元)杂环烷基是氮杂环丁烷基。
21. 根据项1所述的用途,其中当存在时,每个R4独立地选自卤素、氰基、羟基、硝基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
22. 根据项21所述的用途,其中R4是卤素,并且所述卤素选自氟或氯。
23. 根据项21所述的用途,其中R4是(C1-C6)烷基。
24. 根据项1所述的用途,其中a是选自0、1或2的整数。
25. 化合物在制备用于治疗由PDE4A、PDE4B和PDE4C同种型介导的疾病或病况的药物中的用途,其中所述疾病或病况选自精神病、银屑病性关节炎、创伤性脑损伤、癫痫、自身免疫性和炎症性疾病以及由于药物依赖和滥用导致的行为障碍,且所述化合物具有根据式II的结构:
或是其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
R2和R3各自独立地选自氢、(C1-C6)烷基和(C3-C8)环烷基;或
R2和R3与它们所连接的氮一起形成(4-至6-元)杂环烷基;
当存在时,每个R4独立地选自卤素或(C1-C6)烷基;
当存在时,R5在每次出现时独立地选自卤素、氰基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基任选被一至三个卤素原子取代;和
a是选自0、1或2的整数。
26. 根据项25所述的用途,其中R2和R3中的一个是氢,且另一个是(C1-C6)烷基,且所述(C1-C6)烷基选自甲基、乙基、正丙基和异丙基。
27. 根据项25所述的用途,其中R2和R3中的一个是氢,且另一个是(C3-C8)环烷基,其中所述(C3-C8)环烷基是环丙基。
28. 根据项25所述的用途,其中R2和R3与它们所连接的氮一起形成(4-至6-元)杂环烷基。
29. 根据项28所述的用途,其中所述(4-至6-元)杂环烷基是氮杂环丁烷基。
30. 根据项1所述的用途,其中所述化合物选自:
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮;
3-(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(4-氯-2,5-二氟苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮;
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(4-氯-2,3-二氟苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮;
3-(4-氰基-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
(6S)-3-(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
(6S)-3-(4-氯-2,5-二氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6,6-二氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯苯基)-N-环丙基-5-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯苯基)-N-环丙基-7-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氰基-3-氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(3,4-二氯苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮;
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮;
3-(4-氯-2,5-二氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
4-[2-(氮杂环丁烷-1-基羰基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-3-基]-2-氟-5-甲基苄腈;
3-(4-氯苯基)-N-环丙基-6,6-二氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(4-氯苯基)-5-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮, 盐酸盐;
N-环丙基-3-(3,4-二氯苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(4-氯苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮;
4-[2-(氮杂环丁烷1-基羰基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-3-基]-2,6-二氟苄腈;
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(3,5-二氟-4-甲氧基苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮;
N-环丙基-3-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺, 盐酸盐;
3-(4-氰基-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
N-环丙基-3-[2-(二氟甲氧基)吡啶-4-基]-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(5-氰基-2-氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
N-环丙基-3-(吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氰基-2,5-二氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(6-氰基吡啶-3-基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(3-氯苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮;
3-(3-氯苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-N-(丙-2-基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-N-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氰基-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-乙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-乙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-2,5-二氟苯基)-N-乙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪--2-基]甲酮;
3-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-2,3-二氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-3,5-二氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(4-氯-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮;
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(4-氯-3,5-二氟苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮;
4-[2-(氮杂环丁烷-1-基羰基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪--3-基]-2,5-二氟苄腈;
3-(4-氰基-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
(6R)-3-(4-氰基-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
(6S)-3-(4-氰基-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
(6S)-3-(4-氰基-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
(6S)-3-(4-氯苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
(6R)-3-(4-氯苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
(6R)-3-(4-氯-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
(6S)-3-(4-氯-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-2,5-二氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6,6-二氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(5-氯吡啶-2-基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(5-甲基吡啶-3-基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮;
N-环丙基-3-(5-(三氟甲基)吡啶-3-基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪e-2-甲酰胺;
3-(5-氰基-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氰基-2-氟苯基)-N-异丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺; 和
3-(6-(二氟甲氧基)吡啶-3-基)-N-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺,
或其药学上可接受的盐。
31. 根据项1所述的用途,其中所述化合物是(6S)-3-(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺或其药学上可接受的盐。
32. 根据项1所述的用途,其中所述化合物是4-[2-(氮杂环丁烷-1-基羰基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-3-基]-2-氟-5-甲基苄腈或其药学上可接受的盐。
33. 根据项1所述的用途,其中所述化合物是3-(4-氰基-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺或其药学上可接受的盐。
34. 根据项1所述的用途,其中所述化合物是3-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺或其药学上可接受的盐。
35. 根据项1所述的用途,其中所述化合物是氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮或其药学上可接受的盐。
36. 根据项1所述的用途,其中所述化合物是3-(4-氯苯基)-N-环丙基-6,6-二氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺或其药学上可接受的盐。
37. 根据项1所述的用途,其中所述化合物是3-(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺或其药学上可接受的盐。
38. 根据项1-37中任一项所述的用途,其中所述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐与药学上可接受的赋形剂一起被配制在药物组合物中。
Claims (11)
1.化合物在制备用于治疗由PDE4A、PDE4B和PDE4C同种型介导的疾病或病况的药物中的用途,其中所述疾病或病况选自精神病、银屑病性关节炎、创伤性脑损伤、癫痫、自身免疫性和炎症性疾病以及由于药物依赖和滥用导致的行为障碍,且所述化合物具有根据式I的结构:
或是其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
R1是选自下列的取代基:(C6-C10)芳基和(5-至10-元)杂芳基,其中所述(C6-C10)芳基和(5-至10-元)杂芳基任选被一至三个R5取代;
R2和R3各自独立地选自氢、(C1-C6)烷基和(C3-C8)环烷基;或者
R2和R3与它们所连接的氮一起形成(4-至10-元)杂环烷基;
当存在时,R4,在每次出现时,独立地选自卤素、氰基、羟基、硝基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷硫基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和-N(R7)(R8);
当存在时,R5,在每次出现时,独立地选自卤素、氰基、羟基、硝基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷硫基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和-N(R7)(R8),其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷硫基和(C1-C6)烷氧基任选被一至三个卤素原子取代;
R7和R8在每次出现时独立地选自氢和(C1-C6)烷基;和
a代表选自0、1、2或3的整数。
2.化合物在制备用于治疗由PDE4A、PDE4B和PDE4C同种型介导的疾病或病况的药物中的用途,其中所述疾病或病况选自精神病、银屑病性关节炎、创伤性脑损伤、癫痫、自身免疫性和炎症性疾病以及由于药物依赖和滥用导致的行为障碍,且所述化合物具有根据式II的结构:
或是其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
R2和R3各自独立地选自氢、(C1-C6)烷基和(C3-C8)环烷基;或
R2和R3与它们所连接的氮一起形成(4-至6-元)杂环烷基;
当存在时,每个R4独立地选自卤素或(C1-C6)烷基;
当存在时,R5在每次出现时独立地选自卤素、氰基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基任选被一至三个卤素原子取代;和
a是选自0、1或2的整数。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述化合物选自:
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮;
3-(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(4-氯-2,5-二氟苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮;
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(4-氯-2,3-二氟苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮;
3-(4-氰基-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
(6S)-3-(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
(6S)-3-(4-氯-2,5-二氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6,6-二氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯苯基)-N-环丙基-5-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯苯基)-N-环丙基-7-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氰基-3-氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(3,4-二氯苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮;
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮;
3-(4-氯-2,5-二氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
4-[2-(氮杂环丁烷-1-基羰基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-3-基]-2-氟-5-甲基苄腈;
3-(4-氯苯基)-N-环丙基-6,6-二氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(4-氯苯基)-5-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮, 盐酸盐;
N-环丙基-3-(3,4-二氯苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(4-氯苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮;
4-[2-(氮杂环丁烷1-基羰基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-3-基]-2,6-二氟苄腈;
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(3,5-二氟-4-甲氧基苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮;
N-环丙基-3-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺, 盐酸盐;
3-(4-氰基-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
N-环丙基-3-[2-(二氟甲氧基)吡啶-4-基]-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(5-氰基-2-氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
N-环丙基-3-(吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氰基-2,5-二氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(6-氰基吡啶-3-基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(3-氯苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮;
3-(3-氯苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-N-(丙-2-基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-N-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氰基-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-乙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-乙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-2,5-二氟苯基)-N-乙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪--2-基]甲酮;
3-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-2,3-二氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-3,5-二氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(4-氯-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮;
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(4-氯-3,5-二氟苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮;
4-[2-(氮杂环丁烷-1-基羰基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪--3-基]-2,5-二氟苄腈;
3-(4-氰基-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
(6R)-3-(4-氰基-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
(6S)-3-(4-氰基-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
(6S)-3-(4-氰基-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
(6S)-3-(4-氯苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
(6R)-3-(4-氯苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
(6R)-3-(4-氯-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
(6S)-3-(4-氯-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氯-2,5-二氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6,6-二氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(5-氯吡啶-2-基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(5-甲基吡啶-3-基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮;
N-环丙基-3-(5-(三氟甲基)吡啶-3-基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪e-2-甲酰胺;
3-(5-氰基-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;
3-(4-氰基-2-氟苯基)-N-异丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺;和
3-(6-(二氟甲氧基)吡啶-3-基)-N-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺,
或其药学上可接受的盐。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述化合物是(6S)-3-(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺或其药学上可接受的盐。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述化合物是4-[2-(氮杂环丁烷-1-基羰基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-3-基]-2-氟-5-甲基苄腈或其药学上可接受的盐。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述化合物是3-(4-氰基-5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺或其药学上可接受的盐。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述化合物是3-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-N-环丙基-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺或其药学上可接受的盐。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述化合物是氮杂环丁烷-1-基[3-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-基]甲酮或其药学上可接受的盐。
9.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述化合物是3-(4-氯苯基)-N-环丙基-6,6-二氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺或其药学上可接受的盐。
10.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述化合物是3-(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)-N-环丙基-6-氟-6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[5,1-b][1,3]噁嗪-2-甲酰胺或其药学上可接受的盐。
11.根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的用途,其中所述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐与药学上可接受的赋形剂一起被配制在药物组合物中。
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BR112018015191A2 (pt) | 2018-12-18 |
ES2775674T3 (es) | 2020-07-27 |
JP2019505558A (ja) | 2019-02-28 |
EP3419979B1 (en) | 2020-01-29 |
KR20180101568A (ko) | 2018-09-12 |
EP3419979A1 (en) | 2019-01-02 |
AU2017223132A1 (en) | 2018-07-26 |
RU2018128781A (ru) | 2020-03-24 |
PL3419979T3 (pl) | 2020-06-29 |
IL260536B (en) | 2020-10-29 |
DK3419979T3 (da) | 2020-03-23 |
PT3419979T (pt) | 2020-03-26 |
WO2017145013A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
CN108699080B (zh) | 2021-05-14 |
BR112018015191B1 (pt) | 2023-10-17 |
CN108699080A (zh) | 2018-10-23 |
RU2719599C2 (ru) | 2020-04-21 |
JP6837072B2 (ja) | 2021-03-03 |
HUE048658T2 (hu) | 2020-07-28 |
RU2018128781A3 (zh) | 2020-03-24 |
ZA201804619B (en) | 2020-12-23 |
US10738063B2 (en) | 2020-08-11 |
US20190055262A1 (en) | 2019-02-21 |
CA3015166A1 (en) | 2018-08-31 |
US20190300546A1 (en) | 2019-10-03 |
MX2018010177A (es) | 2019-01-21 |
KR102148587B1 (ko) | 2020-08-26 |
AU2017223132B2 (en) | 2019-12-05 |
CA3015166C (en) | 2021-08-03 |
US10323042B2 (en) | 2019-06-18 |
SG11201806383TA (en) | 2018-09-27 |
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