CN113322900A - Comprehensive treatment measure for preventing and treating trench debris flow starting and design method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a comprehensive treatment measure for preventing and treating trench debris flow starting and a design method thereof, belonging to the field of debris flow prevention and treatment engineering. The comprehensive treatment measure is that a valley house group lifting erosion datum plane is arranged in a debris flow forming area, then a structural body is buried on a debris flow ditch bed, the surface of the structural body is flush with a ditch, the structural body is composed of at least one structural monomer, the structural monomer is a gabion net square, a reinforcing layer is arranged on the surface layer of the ditch bed, rocks which are not prone to weathering are filled in the gabion net, and an original ditch bed is arranged in the middle of the gabion net square; and finally, planting trees and/or shrubs in the middle of the gabion mesh grid, wherein the planted vegetation is preferably selected from the indigenous species with developed root systems and drought and waterlogging resistance. The method is provided with the check dam group to inhibit the source-tracing erosion, stabilizes the furrow bed through the measures of laying the gabion net and planting the vegetation, inhibits the substance start of the furrow bed, and ensures that the vegetation is not uprooted in the initial planting stage. Through the combination of engineering measures and ecological measures, the debris flow is effectively prevented and stopped or the scale of the debris flow is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of debris flow prevention and control engineering, and particularly relates to a channel debris flow comprehensive prevention and control technology combining engineering measures and ecological measures and a design method thereof.
Background
The large-area forest felling from 50 to 80 years in the 19 th century greatly reduces the forest coverage rate of the river basin of the Bailongjiang river in Gansu province, causes serious degradation of vegetation in low mountain areas, and in addition, the abrupt slope land reclamation is very common, causes vegetation protection loss and large exposure in loess areas and loose slope areas, and aggravates geological disasters such as debris flow, landslide and the like. Meanwhile, the weak rock mass in the basin is widely distributed, the soil is barren, the water conservation capacity is poor, and the ditch bed generally has huge loose accumulation (the thickness reaches about 50 meters), so that sufficient source conditions are provided for the debris flow. In addition, the river basin has large terrain height difference, the dry-hot river valley type climate is prominent, the vegetation is difficult to recover after being damaged, and the continuously deteriorated ecological environment and the vicious feedback mechanism of the mud-rock flow process make the river basin of the Bailongjiang become one of four high-rise areas of the mud-rock flow in China. According to statistics of the natural resource bureau in longnan, 490 mud-rock flow channels with serious damage are provided, with the highest frequency of mud-rock flow in the midstream of the flow area of the Bailongjiang river (Gansu Zhouqu-Wudu section). Therefore, aiming at a large amount of loose substances in the debris flow gully and the erosion accumulation characteristic in the debris flow process, the environment-friendly source control engineering has important practical guiding significance for effective prevention and control of debris flow disasters in the Bailongjiang river basin and ecological environment protection, and has important reference significance for comprehensive prevention and control of debris flow disasters in similar areas.
At present, the core idea of debris flow prevention and control is a water-stone separation technology. For example, CN 103556602 discloses a structure for preventing and treating trench debris flow startup, which is composed of at least one single preventing and treating structure, wherein the single preventing and treating structure comprises a frame beam, a plurality of steel pipe piles and a gabion, so as to level the bottom surface of a trench bed, strengthen loosely-piled particles, alleviate the flow state of water flow, reduce the erosion capacity of mixed flow, and accordingly alleviate lateral erosion and tracing erosion strength. CN 110952508A discloses a method for disaster prevention and treatment of torrential flood and debris flow, which comprises arranging a plurality of blocking dams along the valley, installing an overflow rainwater collecting member at the overflow gap of each blocking dam, and removing the water collected in the flow field in time, thereby avoiding the erosion of the excessive torrential flood rainwater on the soil and debris below the valley, and reducing the occurrence probability and risk of debris flow.
In addition, CN 112081071a discloses an ecological combination of sand dams employed in a mountain torrent debris flow channel formation area, when the number of the sand dams is greater than or equal to 2, firstly, the space between the sand dams is determined by calculating the length of back silting, and then, different vegetation is planned on both sides of the channel and in the channel before and after the dam to enhance the ecological combination effect: on one hand, debris flow is effectively blocked, the roughness of a channel is improved, substances on the bank of the channel are reduced to participate in the movement of the debris flow, the impact force and the flow speed of the debris flow are reduced, step-by-step energy dissipation is realized, and the service life of an engineering structure is prolonged; on the other hand, a new foundation is provided for the conversion of the ecological control measures from an empirical qualitative type to an index quantitative type.
However, as described in the CN 107059891a background art, the major problems of debris flow impoundment project are large project amount and more limited conditions for use, while the ecological project, though having small investment and improving the natural environment, is susceptible to the erosion of rainfall and water flow by plants planted in the valleys and has long effective time, and thus cannot effectively prevent debris flow.
The existing research shows that the ecological measures have the functions of retaining precipitation, maintaining water and soil and adjusting runoff, particularly, the root system of the vegetation has the function of fixing soil and stabilizing ditches, so that the starting threshold value of the debris flow is increased by ecological restoration in mountainous areas, the scale of the debris flow is reduced, and the effect of the debris flow is continuously enhanced along with the growth of the vegetation. People pay more attention to the comprehensive treatment measures of the debris flow by combining engineering measures and ecological measures.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a debris flow comprehensive prevention and treatment measure combining an engineering measure for preventing and treating debris flow starting and an ecological measure in a debris flow formation area channel, wherein the comprehensive measure can be obtained from local materials and is simple and easy to implement, active prevention and treatment can be carried out on debris flow hazards from a source, and the treatment effect of the debris flow disaster prevention and treatment measure is improved.
The invention also aims to provide a design method of the comprehensive treatment measure for preventing and treating the starting of the trench debris flow.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
a comprehensive treatment measure for preventing and treating trench debris flow starting comprises the following steps:
arranging a check dam group in a debris flow starting area to lift an erosion reference surface;
the method comprises the following steps of burying a structural body on a debris flow ditch bed, wherein the surface of the structural body is flush with a ditch, the structural body is composed of at least one structural monomer, the structural monomer is a gabion mesh grid, a reinforcing layer is arranged on the surface layer of the ditch bed, rocks which are not prone to weathering are filled in the gabion mesh, and an original ditch bed is arranged in the middle of the gabion mesh grid;
planting trees and/or shrubs in the middle of the gabion mesh grid, wherein the planted vegetation is preferably selected from local species with developed root systems and drought and waterlogging resistance.
Preferably, the gabion mesh is woven in a diamond shape by adopting iron wires with the diameter of 1-4 mm and provided with zinc coatings and/or paint layers on the surfaces, the number of the laid layers is 1-3, and the layers are connected through the iron wires; the reinforcing layer is formed by weaving 3-5 layers of diamond wire nets, and the layers are connected through wires; the structural monomers are connected through iron wires.
Preferably, the row spacing is 0.2-1m, the clump spacing is 0.2-1m, the soil species are arranged in a shape like a Chinese character pin, and the top cutting treatment is carried out when the height of the arbor is 2.0 m.
The invention also provides application of the comprehensive treatment measure for preventing and treating the starting of the channel debris flow in repairing or modifying an ecosystem of a dry and hot valley.
The invention also provides a design method of the comprehensive treatment measure for preventing and treating the starting of the trench debris flow, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
step S1: investigating basic parameters of the debris flow channel, and determining the basic parameters of the debris flow channel where the structure body for preventing and controlling the debris flow starting of the channel is located, wherein the basic parameters comprise:
determining the cohesive force c of the ditch bed material in the ditch debris flow starting area to be prevented and controlled and the saturation gravity gamma of the ditch bed materialsInclination angle theta of furrow bed, thickness h of loose material of furrow bedmInternal friction angle psi of the material of the gully bed, friction coefficient mu of the gully bed, maximum depth h and maximum flow velocity v of the debris flow to be controlled, and gravity gamma of the debris flowm；
Characterization of the flow shear stress τ of a debris flow against a surface of a gully bed by a Voellmy model taking into account particle impact, friction and slurry effectsd；
Wherein xi is a liquid phase action parameter, and is obtained according to an indoor geotechnical experiment, or the experience value is 100-;
step S2: according to the Mokolun criterion, the sum of the shearing stress applied to the gully bed by the debris flow and the component force of the gravity of the gully bed is equal to the sum of the cohesive force of the gully bed and the anti-skid force of the gully bed, and the limit depth d of the gully bed eroded by the debris flow is obtainedmax。
In the formula, gammawThe water body gravity is obtained according to an indoor geotechnical experiment, wherein B is a pore water pressure parameter, or the value of the experiment is 0.3-0.4;
step S3: determining the anti-pulling depth xi of the critical root system through in-situ experiment and/or indoor experimentupr；
Wherein beta is the proportion of the biomass of the exposed root system to the total amount of the root system organisms, xirTo the depth of root growth, br(z) is dimensionless root biomass, BcrExposing root biomass during root extraction;
as a result, the structure embedding depth d:
step S4: after the embedding depth d of the structure body is determined, the size A of the structure body is determined according to the cross section of the gully bed, and the flow shear stress tau of the debris flow to the surface of the gully bed is determineddDetermining the planting number n of the vegetation in the structure,
in the formula, τsThe pulling resistance of the single plant of the vegetation is shown, and A is the furrow bed area in the structural single body.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
(1) the valley house groups are arranged in the debris flow forming area to improve the erosion reference surface of the channel so as to inhibit the source-tracing erosion; the ditch bed is stabilized through the measures of laying the gabion net and planting the vegetation, the material start of the debris flow ditch bed is restrained, and meanwhile, the vegetation planting initial stage is guaranteed not to be uprooted.
(2) Through the combination of economic and simple engineering measures and ecological measures, the supply of a source in the debris flow forming process can be blocked to the greatest extent, the debris flow is inhibited from being formed, the roughness of water flow can be increased due to the blocking effect of the overground part of vegetation and the reinforcement effect of a root system, and hydrodynamic conditions are weakened, so that the aims of preventing and stopping the debris flow or reducing the scale of the debris flow and lightening the harm degree of the debris flow are fulfilled.
(3) In the long term, the debris flow comprehensive prevention and treatment measures can ensure the prevention and treatment effect in the early stage of comprehensive treatment and the prevention and treatment effect in the early stage of ecological engineering implementation by virtue of engineering measures, and also make up the defects of year-by-year reduction of the prevention and treatment effect of geotechnical engineering and higher later maintenance cost by virtue of the characteristic that the prevention and treatment effect of ecological engineering is increased year-by-year; in addition, the sand control capability of the valley can be gradually improved, and the ecosystem function of the dry-hot valley is effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of comprehensive treatment of a debris flow formation area according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of comprehensive treatment of a debris flow formation area according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a check dam in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a structural unit of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a structure according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a side view reference numeral of a structure and ecological measures of an embodiment of the present invention;
reference numerals: 1-structural monomer, 2-check house, 3-ditch bed, 4-arbor, 5-shrub, 11-gabion net and 12-lump stone.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The mud-rock flow channel of the Zhicheng terrace is located in the corner bow town of Wudu district of Longnan City of Gansu province, and the flow area is 20.7km2The length of the main trench is 6.1km, the average longitudinal ratio of the trench is reduced by about 12.5 degrees, the topographic height difference is about 1950m, and about 50m is arranged in the trenchThe loose accumulation of the earth and the landslide beside the trench are developed, and hydraulic debris flow is easy to occur. According to data statistics, more than 16 times of larger-scale debris flow activities occur in the lawn ditches during 2012 to 2020, and large farmlands and houses in the downstream lawn villages are not effectively protected and are greatly threatened by debris flow disasters.
1. Basic parameter acquisition
The debris flow starting prevention structure is located in a channel with the average width of about 16m in a debris flow forming area, and basic parameters of debris flow to be prevented and controlled are obtained according to field investigation and indoor geotechnical experiments as shown in the table:
2. design of comprehensive control measures
Determining the maximum flow shear stress tau to the gully bed of the debris flow to be prevented according to the formula 1dAt 9.15kPa, the maximum undercut depth d of the debris flow is determined according to equation 2maxAnd was 2.9 m. When the forest age of the locust tree is 4 years, xi is determined through field root system excavation and scouring experimentsr0.8m, beta 0.9, because Robinia pseudoacacia is a tree with a shallow root system, xi is obtained according to the formula 3uprIs 0.55 m. To increase the safety factor, the buried depth d of the structure in the concrete design is 3m according to equation 4.
Design of a check dam group: local materials are used for laying the check dam 2, the bottom width of the check dam 2 is 3m, the top width is 1m, the buried depth is 3m, the exposure height is 1m, and the distance between the check dam 2 and the check dam is 15-30m, so that the erosion reference surface of the ditch bed 3 is improved, and the tracing erosion is inhibited.
Structural monomer design: in order to reinforce the loose accumulation body of the ditch bed, a gabion square structure single body 1 (the side width of the structural single body is 0.5m, so A is 4 m) with the length multiplied by the width of 2.5m multiplied by 2.5m is arranged on the ditch bed 3 between the check houses 22) The purpose is to level the hardening ditch bed, increase the stability of loose accumulation in the ditch bed, and provide favorable living space for ecological measures.
Ecological measure design: a native arbor 4 with a developed root system and drought and flood tolerance is planted on a furrow bed 3 in the gabion grid structure monomer 1, the arbor 4 is locust, when the forest age of the locust is 4 years, the average pulling resistance of a single plant obtained through an in-situ single plant pulling experiment is about 2.5kN, n can be obtained according to a formula 5 and is 14.64, and in order to increase the safety coefficient and guarantee the survival rate, n is 16. The planted plants are distributed in a shape like a Chinese character 'pin', the row spacing is 0.5m, and the cluster spacing is 0.5 m. In order to reduce the influence of wind load on the vegetation, topping is carried out when the height of the plant is about 2.0m, and meanwhile, three-dimensional planting is carried out, and shrubs 5 are planted in a matched mode, wherein the shrubs are the moleplates.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the foregoing patent disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A comprehensive treatment measure for preventing and treating trench debris flow starting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) arranging a valley house group ditch bed lifting erosion reference surface in a debris flow starting area;
(2) the method comprises the following steps of (1) embedding a structural body on a debris flow ditch bed, wherein the surface of the structural body is flush with a ditch, the structural body is composed of at least one structural monomer, the structural monomer is a gabion net square, the surface layer of the ditch bed is provided with a reinforcing layer, the gabion net is filled with rock which is not easy to corrode, and an original ditch bed is arranged in the middle of the gabion net square;
(3) and planting trees and/or shrubs in the middle of the square, wherein the planted vegetation is preferably selected from the indigenous species with developed root systems and drought and waterlogging resistance.
2. The integrated abatement measure of claim 1, wherein: the gabion mesh is woven in a rhombus shape by adopting iron wires with the diameter of 1-4 mm and provided with zinc coatings and/or paint layers on the surfaces, the number of the laid layers is 1-3, and the gabion mesh is fixed by the iron wires.
3. The integrated abatement measure of claim 2, wherein: the reinforcing layer is formed by weaving 3-5 layers of diamond-shaped wire nets, and the layers are connected through wires; the structural monomers are connected through iron wires.
4. The integrated abatement measure of claim 1, wherein: the row spacing is 0.2-1m, the cluster spacing is 0.2-1m, the soil species are arranged in a shape like a Chinese character pin when planted, and the top cutting treatment is carried out when the height of the arbor is 2.0 m.
5. The use of the comprehensive treatment measure for preventing and treating trench debris flow startup as claimed in claim 1 in the repair or reconstruction of ecosystem of dry and hot valley.
6. A design method of a comprehensive treatment measure for preventing and treating trench debris flow starting according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
step S1: investigating basic parameters of the debris flow channel, and determining the basic parameters of the debris flow channel where the structure body for preventing and controlling the debris flow starting of the channel is located, wherein the basic parameters comprise:
determining the cohesive force c of the ditch bed material in the ditch debris flow starting area to be prevented and controlled and the saturation gravity gamma of the ditch bed materialsInclination angle theta of furrow bed, thickness h of loose material of furrow bedmInternal friction angle psi of the material of the gully bed, friction coefficient mu of the gully bed, maximum depth h and maximum flow velocity v of the debris flow to be controlled, and gravity gamma of the debris flowm；
Characterization of the flow shear stress τ of a debris flow against a surface of a gully bed by a Voellmy model taking into account particle impact, friction and slurry effectsd；
Wherein xi is a liquid phase action parameter, and is obtained according to an indoor geotechnical experiment, or the experience value is 100-;
step S2: according to Mokouren's criterion, the debris flow is subjected to shear stresses on the trench bed andthe sum of the partial forces of the gravity of the ditch bed is equal to the sum of the cohesive force of the ditch bed and the anti-skid force of the ditch bed, and the limit depth d of the debris flow erosion ditch bed is obtainedmax：
In the formula, gammawThe water body gravity is obtained according to an indoor geotechnical experiment, wherein B is a pore water pressure parameter, or the value of the experiment is 0.3-0.4;
step S3: determining the anti-pulling depth xi of the critical root system through in-situ experiment and/or indoor experimentupr：
Wherein beta is the proportion of the biomass of the exposed root system to the total amount of the root system organisms, xirTo the depth of root growth, br(z) is dimensionless root biomass, BcrExposure of root biomass for uprooting:
as a result, the structure embedding depth d:
step S4: after the embedding depth d of the structure body is determined, the size A of the structure body is determined according to the cross section of the gully bed, and the flow shear stress tau of the debris flow to the surface of the gully bed is determineddDetermining the planting number n of the vegetation in the structure,
in the formula, τsThe resistance to pulling of individual plant is shown as A is the area of the furrow bed in the middle of the structural monomer.
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| CN114875857A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-08-09 | 西南交通大学 | Device and method suitable for comprehensive treatment of debris flow after burning of traces of land |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114875857A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-08-09 | 西南交通大学 | Device and method suitable for comprehensive treatment of debris flow after burning of traces of land |
| CN114875857B (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-11-29 | 西南交通大学 | Device and method suitable for comprehensive treatment of debris flow after burning of traces of land |
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| CN113322900B (en) | 2022-05-27 |
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