NL2027250B1 - Comprehensive ecological treatment system for river channels in mountainous areas and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Comprehensive ecological treatment system for river channels in mountainous areas and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- NL2027250B1 NL2027250B1 NL2027250A NL2027250A NL2027250B1 NL 2027250 B1 NL2027250 B1 NL 2027250B1 NL 2027250 A NL2027250 A NL 2027250A NL 2027250 A NL2027250 A NL 2027250A NL 2027250 B1 NL2027250 B1 NL 2027250B1
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- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 62
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 244000205574 Acorus calamus Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000006480 Acorus calamus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000209443 Ceratophyllum demersum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000207740 Lemna minor Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006439 Lemna minor Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000001855 Portulaca oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001123263 Zostera Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000071493 Iris tectorum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001518821 Typha orientalis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 244000019194 Sorbus aucuparia Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000006414 serbal de cazadores Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000006424 Flood reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 240000001931 Ludwigia octovalvis Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000368 destabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/40—Protecting water resources
- Y02A20/402—River restoration
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- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a comprehensive ecological treatment system for river 5 channels in mountainous areas, including three ecological subsystems, i.e., ecological permeable dams built on the upstream of trunk streams and tributaries of mountainous rivers, reservoir ponds arranged at middle and lower reaches of the mountainous rivers, and wetlands communicated with the reservoir ponds. An 'interception-storage-retention' ecological treatment mode is used. A construction method of the present invention includes: a) building the ecological permeable dams; 10 b) arranging triangular tapered timber pile stone cages; c) constructing the reservoir ponds; d) planting plants in the reservoir ponds; e) constructing a wetland system; and f) restoring river bank side zones. The system and the construction method in the present invention can effectively intercept debris flow in the mountainous areas and non-point source pollution of the rivers, regulate river runoff, improve hydrologic conditions of the mountainous rivers in a non-flood 15 season, decrease the number of days of a dry season and facilitate the restoration of an ecological system of the mountainous rivers. Meanwhile, existing depressions and empty ponds of the mountainous rivers can be utilized in the construction of the present invention, thereby reducing engineering construction cost and improving self-purification capacity of water in the rivers.
Description
MOUNTAINOUS AREAS AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD THEREOF Technical Field The present invention relates to a comprehensive ecological treatment system for river channels in mountainous areas and a construction method thereof, and particularly relates to a comprehensive ecological treatment system for river channels in mountainous areas by arranging ecological permeable dams at tributaries and confluences of upstream of mountainous rivers and arranging reservoir ponds and wetlands at middle and lower reaches, and a construction method thereof.
Background There are many rock and soil structures on hillsides of both sides of mountainous rivers. Due to man-made destruction and rainstorm or sustained rainfall, serious water and soil erosion is caused in mountainous areas, and lots of sand and stones are washed down to rivers, thereby causing serious damage to an ecological system of the mountainous rivers. Moreover, since the mountainous rivers are steep in slope, short in runoff yield time and high in runoff yield speed, a flood prevention pressure of the mountainous rivers is high, and ecological damage phenomena are caused as follows: intensive river channel erosion, single morphology and vegetation of river channels, serious riverbed erosion and the like. Most of the mountainous rivers are seasonal rivers, and are very weak in rainfall regulation, poor in water storage ability, long in dry season time and large in flood peak height in a flood season. Thus, floods occur frequently, and precious water resources are lost. The mountainous rivers, particularly the mountainous rivers, have small annual precipitation; the water resources are extremely scarce in a non-flood season, and even the rivers dry up; and hydraulic connectivity is low, thereby going against survival of vegetation and microorganisms and destabilizing the ecological system.
Treatments of the mountainous rivers are mainly concentrated on projects such as river dredging, construction of embankments and slope and revetment protection, and mainly reflected in phenomena such as upright high walls and river channelization. Although these project measures may realize flood control and disaster reduction, the ecological system of the mountainous rivers is not restored. Therefore, it urgently needs to construct ecological river channels of the mountainous rivers, combine ecology principles with river treatment projects, develop ecological restoration and water quality improvement technologies of the mountainous rivers and restore the ecological system of the mountainous rivers to ensure that the mountainous rivers have flood prevention functions and also have functions of conserving water, regulating microclimate, maintaining water ecology and biological diversity, thereby realizing harmony between people and rivers. Generally, single reservoir pond and wetland technology for rivers are poor in anti-interference ability, unstable in effluent water quality and low in sustainability and are greatly affected by factors such as seasons, causing that the aims of realizing flood control and disaster reduction in the mountainous rivers and controlling pollutants of water basins are difficult to be achieved. Summary To overcome defects of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a comprehensive ecological treatment system for river channels in mountainous areas and a construction method thereof.
The comprehensive ecological treatment system for river channels in mountainous areas in the present invention has characteristics as follows: the comprehensive ecological treatment system includes ecological permeable dams built at tributaries and confluences of mountainous rivers, reservoir ponds that are arranged at middle and lower reaches of the mountainous rivers and achieve water storage and ecological restoration effects, and wetlands communicated with the reservoir ponds. The ecological permeable dams are built by permeable stones and have effects of regulating runoff quantity, intercepting non-point source pollution and blocking sand and debris flow. The reservoir ponds are communicated with the mountainous rivers and have effects of storing, precipitating and intercepting river water, prolonging retention time of the river water, restoring the ecological system of the rivers and providing biological habitats; and emergent aquatic plants, submerged plants and floating plants are planted in the reservoir ponds, thereby decreasing the non-point source pollution and purifying the water. The wetlands have effects of regulating runoff, conserving water, creating landscape and realizing ecological restoration; aquatic plants are planted in the wetlands; and the water is further purified by utilizing soil matrixes, the aquatic plants and microorganisms in the wetlands.
According to the comprehensive ecological treatment system for river channels in mountainous areas in the present invention, the ecological permeable dams are built at the tributaries and confluences of the mountainous rivers; dam bodies of the ecological permeable dams are built by macadam, sandstone and/or gravel stones; downstream faces of the ecological permeable dams are of stepped shapes that are wide in bottom and narrow in top; triangular tapered timber piles are fixed on upstream faces of the ecological permeable dams and filled with gravel layers that can prevent stones rolling down the river channels from directly impacting the dam bodies; and aquatic plants are planted on the ecological permeable dams.
According to the comprehensive ecological treatment system for river channels in mountainous areas in the present invention, the quantity of the ecological permeable dams and the reservoir ponds is one or more; a plurality of reservoir ponds are communicated with one another so as to enhance water storage, flood prevention and purification abilities; bank side buffer zones are arranged around the reservoir ponds and protect the banks with timber piles and gravels; and aquatic plants are planted on the bank side buffer zones.
The comprehensive ecological treatment system for river channels in mountainous areas in the present invention includes river bank side zones arranged at river bank sides which communicate the reservoir ponds and wetlands; and aquatic plants such as reed, Acorus calamus and Typha orientalis are planted in the river bank side zones.
According to the comprehensive ecological treatment system for river channels in mountainous areas in the present invention, the emergent aquatic plants planted in the reservoir ponds include reed and Acorus calamus; the submerged plants include Ceratophyllum demersum and eel grass; and the floating plants include duckweed and water primrose.
According to the comprehensive ecological treatment system for river channels in mountainous areas in the present invention, the aquatic plants in the wetlands include Acorus calamus, reed and Iris tectorum.
According to the comprehensive ecological treatment system for river channels in mountainous areas in the present invention, positions, shapes and depths of the reservoir ponds are built in accordance with local topographical features of the mountainous rivers by fully utilizing existing depressions, empty ponds and open lands, thereby restoring original natural landscapes and ecological functions of the river channels.
A construction method of the comprehensive ecological treatment system for river channels in mountainous areas in the present invention is characterized by being realized by steps as follows: a) building ecological permeable dams: the ecological permeable dams may be arranged at tributaries of mountainous rivers and trunk streams formed by confluences of the tributaries and are built by macadam, sandstones and/or gravel stones; the ecological permeable dams can intercept and filter water flow, reduce potential energy of river water and block sandstones and have certain water permeability; meanwhile, downstream faces of the ecological permeable dams are of stepped shapes that are wide in bottom and narrow in top so as to increase soundness of the dam bodies; b) arranging triangular tapered timber pile stone cages: after the ecological permeable dams are built, triangular tapered timber piles are fixed on upstream faces of the built ecological permeable dams and filled with gravels so as to construct the timber pile stone cages, thereby ensuring the water permeability and avoiding direct impact of stones in the rivers on the dam bodies; ¢) constructing ecological reservoir ponds: mountainous ecological reservoir ponds are built in open lands at lower reaches of the ecological permeable dams of the mountainous rivers by fully utilizing existing natural depressions or in a manual excavation manner; and one or more reservoir ponds may be built to communicate with one another so as to form a multistage tandem reservoir pond system; d) planting plants in reservoir ponds: emergent aquatic plants, submerged plants and floating plants are planted in the reservoir ponds, so that the reservoir ponds have effects of storing, precipitating and filtering river water and other effects of greatly decreasing the non-point source pollution and purifying the water; e) constructing a wetland system: wetlands communicated with the ecological reservoir ponds are arranged in open lands at the lower reaches of the ecological reservoir ponds in the mountainous rivers; aquatic plants are planted in the wetlands; and the water is further purified by utilizing soil matrixes, the aquatic plants and microorganisms in the wetlands; and f) restoring river bank side zones: an ecological system of river bank sides is restored on both sides of the rivers which communicate the reservoir ponds and the wetlands; and the aquatic plants are planted on the river bank sides, thereby providing biological habitats and achieving aims of restoring the ecological system of the river bank sides and river landscapes.
The present invention has beneficial effects as follows: in the comprehensive ecological treatment system for river channels in mountainous areas and the construction method thereof in the present invention, the ecological permeable dams are arranged at tributaries of the mountainous rivers and confluences of the rivers, so that the effects of regulating runoff quantity, intercepting non-point source pollution and blocking sand and debris flow are achieved, and water permeability is ensured; the reservoir ponds are arranged at the lower reaches of the ecological permeable dams of the mountainous rivers, and the emergent aquatic plants, the floating plants and the submerged plants are planted in the reservoir ponds, so that the effects of storing, precipitating, filtering and buffering floods, decreasing the non-point source pollution and purifying the water are achieved; and the wetlands are arranged at the lower reaches of the reservoir ponds, and the aquatic plants are planted in the wetlands, so that the effects of further regulating runoff and purifying the water are achieved. Under the condition that water resources of the mountainous rivers are extremely scarce in the non-flood season, the comprehensive ecological treatment system for river channels in mountainous areas can effectively improve hydrologic conditions of the mountainous rivers and perform multistage effective storage on precipitation runoff, thereby decreasing the number of drying-up and dry season days of the rivers and facilitating the restoration and stabilization of the ecological system of the rivers.
In the mountainous river areas, annual precipitation is small; seasonal distribution is seriously non-uniform; effective precipitation is mostly in the flood season; and the dry season of the rivers is long. The present invention can effectively improve hydrologic conditions of the mountainous rivers and perform multistage effective storage on the river runoff, thereby decreasing the number of drying-up days of the rivers and facilitating the restoration of the ecological system of the mountainous rivers.
In the comprehensive ecological treatment system for river channels in mountainous areas and the construction method thereof in the present invention, the mountainous debris flow and the non-point source pollution of the rivers can be effectively intercepted; the river runoff is regulated; and the hydrologic conditions of the mountainous rivers in the non-flood season are improved, thereby decreasing the number of dry season days of the mountainous rivers and facilitating the restoration of the ecological system of the mountainous rivers. Meanwhile, the existing depressions and empty ponds of the mountainous rivers can be utilized in the construction of the present invention, thereby reducing the engineering construction cost and improving self-purification capacity of river water. Description of Drawings 5 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a comprehensive ecological treatment system for river channels in mountainous areas in the present invention; and Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a cross section of an ecological permeable dam in the present invention. In the figures, 1-mountainous river; 2-ecological permeable dam; 3-reservoir pond; 4- wetland; 5-emergent aquatic plant; 6-submerged plant; 7-floating plant; 8-timber pile; 9-gravel; 10-aquatic plant; 11-triangular tapered timber pile; 12-gravel layer; 13-aquatic plant; 14-stone; 15-river band side zone.
Detailed Description The present invention will be further described below in combination with drawings and embodiments.
With respect to the characteristics of mountainous rivers such as large specific precipitation, strong river channel erosion, poor regulation and storage capacity, extremely scarce water resources in a non-flood season, poor hydraulic connectivity and serious ecosystem damage as well as the space-time non-uniformity of mountainous non-point source pollution, the mountainous rivers shall be subjected to comprehensive ecological treatment by utilizing abandoned river channels, reservoir ponds, ditches, wetlands and other systems in mountainous areas. A purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological permeable dam-reservoir pond-wetland ecological treatment system for mountainous rivers and an “interception-storage- retention” ecological treatment mode. The mode can effectively intercept mountainous debris flow and non-point source pollution of rivers, regulate river runoff, enhance water storage abilities of the mountainous rivers and improve hydrologic conditions of the mountainous rivers in the non- flood season, thereby decreasing the number of drying-up days of the mountainous rivers and facilitating the restoration of the ecological system of the mountainous rivers.
As shown in Fig. 1, a structural schematic diagram of a comprehensive ecological treatment system for river channels in mountainous areas in the present invention is provided. Since a mountainous river 1 has characteristics of large specific precipitation and strong river channel erosion, if the river is not intercepted, rapidly collected precipitation runoff may cause disasters such as torrential floods and debris flow. Ecological permeable dams 2 may be built at tributaries of the mountainous river 1 and trunk stream formed by confluences of the tributaries. The shown reservoir ponds are located at the mountainous river 1 and formed in accordance with existing depressions or in a manual excavation manner, thereby achieving effects of storing, precipitating and purifying inflowing water and buffering floods. Emergent aquatic plants 5, submerged plants
6 and floating plants 7 are planted in the reservoir ponds. The shown wetland 4 is communicated with the reservoir pond 3. Aquatic plants are planted in the wetland 4. The wetland 4 has effects of regulating runoff and conserving water. The water is further purified by utilizing soil matrixes, the aquatic plants and microorganisms in the wetland.
As shown in Fig. 2, a structural schematic diagram of a cross section of ecological permeable dams in the present invention is provided. The ecological permeable dams are built at the tributaries of the mountainous river 1 and confluences of the tributaries by utilizing macadam, sandstones, gravel and other natural stones; and aquatic plants 13 are planted on the dam bodies. Downstream faces of the ecological permeable dams are of stepped shapes that are wide in bottom and narrow in top; triangular tapered timber piles 11 are arranged on upstream faces; gravels are stacked in the timber piles so as to form a gravel layer 12. Sand and stones on hillsides washed down by rainfall are intercepted by utilizing the ecological permeable dams 2 and the triangular tapered timber piles 11 and the gravel layer 12 in front of the dams, thereby achieving an “interception” effect. Moreover, by virtue of water permeability of the dam bodies, the runoff quantity is regulated, and the non-point source pollution is intercepted.
The reservoir ponds 3 are arranged in water areas behind the ecological permeable dams 2 and may be formed in accordance with the unique landform of the mountainous area and the own shape of the river by utilizing natural depressions or in a manual excavation manner. The reservoir ponds have major effects of storing, precipitating and filtering river water, increasing the water retention capacity and buffering floods of the mountainous rivers, thereby achieving a “storage” effect. The reservoir ponds may be in the form of communicating a plurality of reservoir ponds so as to form a multi-reservoir pond system. The emergent aquatic plants 5 such as reed and Acorus calamus, the submerged plants 6 such as Ceratophyllum demersum and eel grass and the floating plants 7 such as duckweed and water primrose are planted in the reservoir ponds 3.
Meanwhile, the bank side buffer zones are arranged on bank sides of the reservoir ponds 3 and are composed of timber piles 8 and gravels 9; and Acorus calamus, reed and other plants are planted on the bank side buffer zones. The buffer zones can increase self-purification capacity and natural landscape of the river; and the plants and microorganisms in the reservoir ponds and on the bank side buffer zones achieve the effects of decreasing the non-point source pollution and purifying the water.
The river passes through the reservoir ponds 3 and then enters the wetland 4 system. The wetland 4 is located in an open land at the lower reaches of the reservoir ponds 3. According to the principles of economic efficiency and optimality of plant community disposition, aquatic plants such as reed, Acorus calamus and /ris tectorum are planted in the wetland. River bank side zones 15 are arranged at open lands of two sides of the river communicated with the reservoir ponds and the wetland, and plants such as reed and Acorus calamus are planted thereon. The wetland 4 is used to regulate the runoff and conserve the water, and the water is further purified by utilizing the soil matrixes, the plants and the microorganisms, thereby achieving a “retention” effect.
Under the condition that the water resources of the mountainous rivers are extremely scarce in the non-flood season, the ecological permeable dam-reservoir pond-wetland ecological treatment system can effectively improve the hydrologic conditions of the mountainous rivers and perform multistage effective storage on precipitation runoff, thereby decreasing the number of drying-up days of the rivers and facilitating the restoration and stabilization of the ecological system of the rivers.
The ecological permeable dam-reservoir pond-wetland ecological treatment system can effectively intercept the mountainous debris flow and the nan-point source pollution of the river, regulate the river runoff and improve the hydrologic conditions of the mountainous rivers, thereby realizing comprehensive ecological treatment of the mountainous rivers from three aspects of “interception, storage and retention”.
Claims (8)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2027250A NL2027250B1 (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Comprehensive ecological treatment system for river channels in mountainous areas and construction method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| NL2027250A NL2027250B1 (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Comprehensive ecological treatment system for river channels in mountainous areas and construction method thereof |
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| NL2027250B1 true NL2027250B1 (en) | 2021-04-06 |
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| NL2027250A NL2027250B1 (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Comprehensive ecological treatment system for river channels in mountainous areas and construction method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113216074A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-08-06 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Coastal city river water treatment method |
| CN113322900A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-08-31 | 兰州大学 | Comprehensive treatment measure for preventing and treating trench debris flow starting and design method thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-12-30 NL NL2027250A patent/NL2027250B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113216074A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-08-06 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Coastal city river water treatment method |
| CN113322900A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-08-31 | 兰州大学 | Comprehensive treatment measure for preventing and treating trench debris flow starting and design method thereof |
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