CN113772822A - River and lake ecological restoration system - Google Patents
River and lake ecological restoration system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113772822A CN113772822A CN202110982391.1A CN202110982391A CN113772822A CN 113772822 A CN113772822 A CN 113772822A CN 202110982391 A CN202110982391 A CN 202110982391A CN 113772822 A CN113772822 A CN 113772822A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/40—Protecting water resources
- Y02A20/402—River restoration
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Abstract
The invention relates to a river and lake ecological restoration system, which structurally comprises an ecological river channel, a functional wetland buffer area and a near-natural wet area, wherein the ecological river channel, the functional wetland buffer area and the near-natural wet area are connected with a water outlet end of a river channel entering a lake reservoir; the ecological river channel comprises a river bed, an ecological floating island arranged on the river bed, ecological patches continuously or discontinuously arranged in a water area close to the bank beside the river bed and a plant bed in a bank zone continuously or discontinuously arranged on the bank beside the river bed; the functional wetland buffer zone is sequentially arranged from front to back according to the water flow direction to form an ecological sedimentation pond, an underflow artificial wetland, an aquatic plant pond and an overflow weir; the near natural wet area is arranged in the front area of the lake reservoir and is connected with the overflow weir of the functional wetland buffer area, and the liquid level height of the near natural wet area is lower than the overflow height of the overflow weir. The invention can effectively repair and promote the ecological system of the river and the lake reservoir, obviously purify and promote the micro-polluted river water, and the water quality of the outlet water can reach IV and above water quality of the national surface water quality standard (the lake reservoir standard).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an upstream river input type lake and reservoir water environment ecological restoration system, in particular to a river and lake ecological restoration system.
Background
Rivers and lakes are one of the main water body types in the global water environment system, have irreplaceable effects in various aspects such as water source supply, fishery culture, water transportation, microclimate regulation, species diversity protection and the like, are closely related to the production and life of human beings, and are greatly influenced by the activities of the human beings. At present, the shortage of ecological water supplement and the discharge of mass production of domestic wastewater cause certain water body pollution to rivers flowing through cities, and the excessive input of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like exceeds the self-purification capacity and the water environment capacity of the rivers, so that the river water in the rivers gradually forms micro-polluted river water. River water of the river flows into lakes and reservoirs without purification, and water eutrophication, ecosystem degradation and biological diversity loss of the lakes and reservoirs are easily caused, so that the safety of the lakes and reservoirs ecosystem and the water environment is seriously influenced.
The existing restoration technology for the water environment of rivers, lakes and reservoirs mainly comprises three major types of physics, chemistry and biology, and mainly comprises a plurality of restoration modes such as source control and sewage interception, river channel dredging, ecological bank protection, bypass wetlands, ecological floating beds and the like. However, these methods mostly adopt a single restoration method, and the single restoration method is difficult to control river and lake and reservoir water systems with increasing pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a river and lake ecological restoration system to solve the problems of increasingly deteriorated water quality and serious ecological system degradation of an upstream river input type lake and reservoir water system.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a river and lake ecological restoration system comprises:
the ecological river channel is connected with the water outlet end of the river channel entering the lake reservoir; comprises a riverbed, an ecological floating island arranged on the riverbed, ecological patches continuously or discontinuously arranged in a water area near the riverbed shore and a riparian zone plant bed continuously or discontinuously arranged at the riverbed shore;
the functional wetland buffer zone is arranged at the water outlet end of the ecological river channel, the setting height of the functional wetland buffer zone is higher than that of the ecological river channel, and a lifting pump station for lifting river water into the zone is arranged at the connecting end of the functional wetland buffer zone and the ecological river channel; the functional wetland buffer zone is sequentially arranged from front to back according to the water flow direction to form an ecological sedimentation pond, an underflow artificial wetland, an aquatic plant pond and an overflow weir; and
and the near natural wet area is arranged in the front area of the lake reservoir and is connected with the overflow weir of the functional wetland buffer area, and the liquid level height of the near natural wet area is lower than the overflow height of the overflow weir.
The ecological floating island comprises a floating island frame fixedly supported on a river bed, functional filler arranged on the floating island frame, planting soil attached to the functional filler and emergent aquatic plants planted on the planting soil; the functional filler comprises at least one of zeolite, steel slag and volcanic rock.
The ecological patches comprise a substrate gabion bed and emergent aquatic plants planted on the bed body of the substrate gabion bed; the matrix gabion bed comprises a cobble layer serving as a substrate, functional fillers paved on the cobble layer and planting soil attached to the functional fillers; the functional filler comprises at least one of zeolite, steel slag and volcanic rock.
The riparian zone plant bed comprises a riparian zone shoal and emergent aquatic plants planted on the riparian zone shoal.
An ecological bank protector for protecting a river bank is arranged on the bank side of the water flow impact section of the ecological river channel; the ecological revetment is a gabion revetment or a wood pile revetment; the gabion revetment is used for river bank sections with large water flow impact, and the wood pile revetment is used for river bank sections with slow water flow impact.
The ecological sedimentation pond comprises an ecological pond and an aerobic pond;
the ecological pond is characterized in that submerged plants are planted at the bottom of a pond with the water depth of 2.0-2.5 m, floating plants and floating plants are planted on the water surface of the pond, and the hydraulic retention time of the ecological pond is controlled to be 1-2 d;
the aerobic pond is characterized in that submerged plants are planted at the bottom of the pond with the water depth of 0.5-1.0 m, floating plants and floating plants are planted on the water surface of the pond, and the hydraulic retention time of the aerobic pond is controlled to be 1-1.5 d.
And a solar energy aerator is arranged in the aerobic pond and used for supplementing dissolved oxygen in the pond and enhancing the oxidative decomposition of pollutants.
An ecological floating island is arranged in the ecological pond and/or the aerobic pond, and emergent aquatic plants are planted on the ecological floating island.
The subsurface flow constructed wetland is characterized in that a packed bed is laid in the wetland area range, and emergent aquatic plants are planted on the packed bed; the packed bed comprises a crushed stone matrix layer with the thickness of 10-20 mm, a functional packing layer with the thickness of 10-20 mm and a crushed stone matrix layer with the thickness of 5-10 mm from bottom to top; the front end of the subsurface flow constructed wetland is provided with a porous water distribution pipe for controlling water inflow, the rear end of the subsurface flow constructed wetland is provided with a porous water distribution pipe for controlling water outflow, and the hydraulic retention time of the subsurface flow constructed wetland is controlled to be 1.0-1.5 d.
The aquatic plant pond comprises a submerged plant pond and an emergent plant pond;
the submerged plant pond is formed by planting submerged plants at the bottom of a pond with the water depth of 1.2-1.5 m, and the hydraulic retention time of the submerged plant pond is controlled to be 1-2 d;
the emergent aquatic plant pond is formed by planting emergent aquatic plants in a pit pond with the water depth of 0.2-0.5 m, and the hydraulic retention time of the emergent aquatic plant pond is controlled to be 1.0-1.5 d.
The river and lake ecological restoration system is a combined restoration technology, can give full play to the water quality purification function of a river channel and a wetland buffer zone, and can improve the water quality and restore the ecology by integrating the means of pollutant elimination, water system communication, hydrodynamic regulation, ecological system restoration, reconstruction and the like, so that the pollution collection of lake and reservoir water systems can be effectively reduced, and the risk of damage of the lake and reservoir ecological water systems is greatly reduced.
The ecological restoration system for rivers and lakes can effectively restore and promote the ecological system of rivers, lakes and reservoirs, obviously purify and promote the slightly polluted river water, and the quality of the outlet water can reach IV types and above of the national surface water quality standard (the lake and reservoir standard).
The ecological revetment, the ecological floating island, the ecological stabilization pond, the near-natural constructed wetland and other technologies are comprehensively applied, the technologies are organically combined, the advantages of the technologies are fully exerted, the defects are overcome, a system which can operate for a long time, has a good purification effect, is high in natural ecology, can be ecologically restored and improved is formed, and the ecological revetment can be flexibly applied to actual river and lake reservoirs according to local conditions.
The invention adopts ecological management and ecological restoration technology, purifies the micro-polluted river water by using a near-natural ecological method, has no chemical addition and biological introduction, has higher ecological effect and is beneficial to ecological restoration and promotion of peripheral areas.
The invention has high hydraulic load and pollution load buffering capacity, and has multiple functions of storing sewage, discharging flood, purifying water body, restoring and improving ecology, and the like.
The method has simple process combination and infrastructure, can be flexibly applied according to local conditions, increases and decreases the number of the patches, the revetment, the floating island, the pond and the constructed wetland according to actual requirements, and has great development potential in the field of surface water treatment and the field of basin ecological restoration.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of the ecological restoration system for rivers and lakes.
Fig. 2 is a layout plan view of the ecological river channel.
Fig. 3 is a layout plan view of the functional wetland buffer zone.
Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the functional wetland buffer zone.
In the figure: 1. 1-1 of an ecological riverway, 1-2 of an ecological revetment, 1-3 of ecological patches, 1-4 of a plant bed in a riparian zone, 2 of an ecological floating island, 2 of a functional wetland buffer zone, 2-2 of an ecological sedimentation pond, 2-2-1 of an ecological pond, 2-2 of an aerobic pond, 2-3 of an underflow artificial wetland, 2-4 of an aquatic plant pond, 2-4-1 of a submerged plant pond, 2-4-2 of an emergent plant pond, 3 of a near-natural-wet area, 4 of a lake and reservoir water area, 5 of a riverbed, 6 of a riparian zone, 7 of a lifting pump station, 8 of an overflow weir.
Detailed Description
As shown in figure 1, the ecological restoration system for rivers and lakes comprises an ecological river channel 1, a functional wetland buffer zone 2, a near-natural wet area 3 and the like. Wherein, the ecological river channel 1 is connected with the water outlet end of the river channel entering the lake reservoir; the functional wetland buffer zone 2 is arranged at the water outlet end of the ecological river channel 1, the setting height of the functional wetland buffer zone is higher than that of the ecological river channel 1, and a lifting pump station 7 is arranged at the connecting end of the ecological river channel 1 so as to lift the river water flowing through the ecological river channel 1 into the functional wetland buffer zone 2. The near natural wet area 3 is arranged in the front area of the lake reservoir water area 4 and is connected with the overflow weir 8 in the functional wetland buffer area 2, and the liquid level height of the near natural wet area 3 is lower than the overflow height of the overflow weir 8.
As shown in fig. 2, the ecological river 1 includes a bed 5 and a bank zone 6 on both sides of the bed, ecological floating islands 1-4 are provided on the bed 5, ecological patches 1-2 are continuously or discontinuously provided in the water area near the bank at the side of the bed, and bank zone plant beds 1-3 are continuously or discontinuously provided on the bank zone 6.
The ecological floating island 1-4 comprises a floating island frame fixedly supported on a river bed, functional filler arranged on the floating island frame, planting soil attached to the functional filler and emergent aquatic plants planted on the planting soil. Wherein the functional filler comprises at least one of zeolite, steel slag and volcanic rock.
The ecological patches 1-2 comprise a substrate gabion bed and emergent aquatic plants planted on the bed body of the substrate gabion bed. The matrix gabion bed comprises a cobble layer serving as a substrate, functional fillers paved on the cobble layer and planting soil attached to the functional fillers. Wherein the particle size of cobbles in the cobble layer is 5-8 cm; the functional filler is consistent with the functional filler used in the ecological floating island, and the particle size of the functional filler is 5-8 cm.
The plant beds 1-3 in the riparian zone comprise a riparian zone shoal and emergent aquatic plants planted on the riparian zone shoal.
In fig. 2, an ecological bank protection 1-1 is preferably provided on the bank side of the water flow impact section of the ecological river channel 1 to protect the river bank of the river channel. The ecological bank protection 1-1 can be a gabion bank protection or a timber pile bank protection. The gabion revetment is used for river bank sections with larger water flow impact, and the wood pile revetment is used for river bank sections with slower water flow impact.
As shown in figure 3, the functional wetland buffer zone 2 is sequentially provided with an ecological sedimentation pond 2-2, an undercurrent artificial wetland 2-3, an aquatic plant pond 2-4 and an overflow weir 8 from front to back according to the water flow direction.
As shown in figure 4, the ecological sedimentation pond 2-2 comprises an ecological pond 2-2-1 and an aerobic pond 2-2-2. The ecological pond 2-2-1 is formed by planting submerged plants at the bottom of a pool with the water depth of 2.0-2.5 m and planting floating plants and floating plants on the water surface of the pool; the hydraulic retention time of the ecological pond 2-2-1 is controlled to be 1-2 d. Planting submerged plants at the bottom of the aerobic pond 2-2-2 with the water depth of 0.5-1.0 m, and planting floating plants and floating plants on the water surface of the pond; the hydraulic retention time of the aerobic pond 2-2-3 is controlled to be 1-1.5 d.
The aerobic pond 2-2-2 is also provided with a solar aerator to supplement dissolved oxygen in the pond and strengthen the oxidative decomposition of pollutants. Ecological floating islands are also arranged in the ecological pond 2-2-1 and the aerobic pond 2-2-2, and emergent aquatic plants are planted on the ecological floating islands. The ecological floating island has the same structure as the ecological floating islands 1-4 in the ecological riverway 1.
The undercurrent artificial wetland 2-3 is characterized in that a packed bed is laid in the wetland area range, and emergent aquatic plants are planted on the packed bed. The packed bed comprises a crushed stone matrix layer with the thickness of 10-20 mm, a functional packing layer with the thickness of 10-20 mm and a crushed stone matrix layer with the thickness of 5-10 mm from bottom to top. The broken stone matrix layer comprises steel slag with the particle size of 5-20 mm, broken stone and zeolite, and the volume ratio of the three materials in the broken stone matrix layer is the same. The particle size of the material used for the upper broken stone matrix layer in the packed bed is smaller than that of the material used for the lower broken stone matrix layer.
The front end of the subsurface flow constructed wetland 2-3 is provided with a porous water distribution pipe for controlling water inflow, the rear end of the subsurface flow constructed wetland 2-3 is provided with a porous water distribution pipe for controlling water outflow, and the hydraulic retention time in the subsurface flow constructed wetland 2-3 is controlled to be 1.0-1.5 d.
The aquatic plant pond 2-4 comprises a submerged plant pond 2-4-1 and an emergent plant pond 2-4-2. The submerged plant pond 2-4-1 is formed by planting submerged plants at the bottom of a pond with the water depth of 1.2-1.5 m, and the hydraulic retention time of the submerged plant pond 2-4-1 is controlled to be 1-2 d. The emergent aquatic plant pond 2-4-2 is formed by planting emergent aquatic plants in a pool with the water depth of 0.2-0.5 m, and the hydraulic retention time of the emergent aquatic plant pond 2-4-2 is controlled to be 1.0-1.5 d.
The near-natural-wet area 3 is a wet land formed by artificial intervention in the aspects of landscape design, plant proportioning, operation and maintenance protection, water system communication, hydrodynamic force regulation and the like on the basis of the original natural wet land. The method can carry out reasonable ecological restoration and protection on the original natural wetland by reasonably communicating a water system area, planting adaptive plants growing in each season, regularly implementing modes such as cleaning, operation and maintenance and the like so as to ensure and improve the long-term water quality purification and ecological restoration efficiency of the near-natural wetland.
The submerged plants used in the present invention include Goldfish algae, hydrilla verticillata, Malaysia alata, Euglena microtuberis, Ardisia spicata, curly pondweed, and the like, and the planting density is 20-30 plants/m2. The emergent aquatic plants used in the invention comprise wild rice, allium fistulosum, reed, arrowhead, cattail, canna, yellow calamus, acorus calamus, cattail angustifolia and Siberian iris and the like, and the planting density of the emergent aquatic plants is 10-25 plants/m2. The floating plants used in the invention comprise spring eyedrops, bamboo eyedrops, gordon euryale seeds and water lily, and the planting density is 3-10 plants/m2. The floating plants used in the invention comprise duckweed, duckweed and eichhornia crassipes, and the planting density of the floating plants is 1-5 plants/m2. In order to ensure the stable purification effect of each treatment unit, proper plants are selected according to seasons and the growth characteristics of aquatic plants.
Claims (10)
1. A river and lake ecological restoration system is characterized by comprising:
the ecological river channel is connected with the water outlet end of the river channel entering the lake reservoir; comprises a riverbed, an ecological floating island arranged on the riverbed, ecological patches continuously or discontinuously arranged in a water area near the riverbed shore and a riparian zone plant bed continuously or discontinuously arranged at the riverbed shore;
the functional wetland buffer zone is arranged at the water outlet end of the ecological river channel, the setting height of the functional wetland buffer zone is higher than that of the ecological river channel, and a lifting pump station for lifting river water into the zone is arranged at the connecting end of the functional wetland buffer zone and the ecological river channel; the functional wetland buffer zone is sequentially arranged from front to back according to the water flow direction to form an ecological sedimentation pond, an underflow artificial wetland, an aquatic plant pond and an overflow weir; and
and the near natural wet area is arranged in the front area of the lake reservoir and is connected with the overflow weir of the functional wetland buffer area, and the liquid level height of the near natural wet area is lower than the overflow height of the overflow weir.
2. The ecological restoration system for rivers and lakes according to claim 1, wherein the ecological floating island comprises a floating island frame fixedly supported on a river bed, functional filler arranged on the floating island frame, planting soil attached to the functional filler, and emergent aquatic plants planted on the planting soil; the functional filler comprises at least one of zeolite, steel slag and volcanic rock.
3. The ecological restoration system for rivers and lakes according to claim 1, wherein the ecological patches comprise a matrix gabion bed and emergent aquatic plants planted on the bed body of the matrix gabion bed; the matrix gabion bed comprises a cobble layer serving as a substrate, functional fillers paved on the cobble layer and planting soil attached to the functional fillers; the functional filler comprises at least one of zeolite, steel slag and volcanic rock.
4. The ecological restoration system for rivers and lakes according to claim 1, wherein the plant bed in the riparian zone comprises a shoal of the riparian zone and emergent water plants planted on the shoal of the riparian zone.
5. The ecological restoration system for rivers and lakes as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein an ecological bank protector for protecting a river bank is arranged at the bank side of the water flow impact section of the ecological river channel; the ecological revetment is a gabion revetment or a wood pile revetment.
6. The ecological restoration system for rivers and lakes according to claim 1, wherein the ecological sedimentation pond comprises an ecological pond and an aerobic pond;
the ecological pond is characterized in that submerged plants are planted at the bottom of a pond with the water depth of 2.0-2.5 m, floating plants and floating plants are planted on the water surface of the pond, and the hydraulic retention time of the ecological pond is controlled to be 1-2 d;
the aerobic pond is characterized in that submerged plants are planted at the bottom of the pond with the water depth of 0.5-1.0 m, floating plants and floating plants are planted on the water surface of the pond, and the hydraulic retention time of the aerobic pond is controlled to be 1-1.5 d.
7. The ecological restoration system for rivers and lakes as claimed in claim 6, wherein a solar aerator is arranged in the aerobic pond to supplement dissolved oxygen in the pond and enhance the oxidative decomposition of pollutants.
8. The ecological restoration system for rivers and lakes according to claim 6, wherein an ecological floating island is arranged in the ecological pond and/or the aerobic pond, and emergent aquatic plants are planted on the ecological floating island.
9. The ecological restoration system for rivers and lakes according to claim 1, wherein the subsurface flow constructed wetland is formed by paving a filler bed in the wetland area, and emergent aquatic plants are planted on the filler bed; the packed bed comprises a crushed stone matrix layer with the thickness of 10-20 mm, a functional packing layer with the thickness of 10-20 mm and a crushed stone matrix layer with the thickness of 5-10 mm from bottom to top; the front end of the subsurface flow constructed wetland is provided with a porous water distribution pipe for controlling water inflow, the rear end of the subsurface flow constructed wetland is provided with a porous water distribution pipe for controlling water outflow, and the hydraulic retention time of the subsurface flow constructed wetland is controlled to be 1.0-1.5 d.
10. The ecological restoration system for rivers and lakes according to claim 1, wherein the aquatic plant ponds comprise submerged plant ponds and emergent plant ponds;
the submerged plant pond is formed by planting submerged plants at the bottom of a pond with the water depth of 1.2-1.5 m, and the hydraulic retention time of the submerged plant pond is controlled to be 1-2 d;
the emergent aquatic plant pond is formed by planting emergent aquatic plants in a pit pond with the water depth of 0.2-0.5 m, and the hydraulic retention time of the emergent aquatic plant pond is controlled to be 1.0-1.5 d.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110982391.1A CN113772822A (en) | 2021-08-25 | 2021-08-25 | River and lake ecological restoration system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110982391.1A CN113772822A (en) | 2021-08-25 | 2021-08-25 | River and lake ecological restoration system |
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| CN113772822A true CN113772822A (en) | 2021-12-10 |
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| CN202110982391.1A Pending CN113772822A (en) | 2021-08-25 | 2021-08-25 | River and lake ecological restoration system |
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| CN115219682A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-10-21 | 武汉鸿榛园林绿化工程有限公司 | River water environment treatment monitoring and analyzing system based on artificial intelligence |
| CN115466007A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-12-13 | 中国五冶集团有限公司 | Wetland park formula ecological clean system |
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| CN115466007A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-12-13 | 中国五冶集团有限公司 | Wetland park formula ecological clean system |
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