CN112079444A - Natural wetland simulating system and purification method thereof - Google Patents
Natural wetland simulating system and purification method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nature-imitated wetland system and a purification method thereof. The artificial natural wetland system comprises an artificial ecological channel, an artificial plant ecological pond and an artificial substrate ecological pond; the artificial ecological channel comprises a flow channel and a valve arranged on the flow channel; the artificial plant ecological pond comprises a plant pond and a water inlet and a water outlet which are respectively positioned at two opposite sides of the plant pond; the water inlet is communicated with the flow channel; the plant pond comprises a shoal area and a deep water area, emergent aquatic plants are planted in the shoal area, and the planting density is 10-30 plants/m2(ii) a The submerged plants are planted in the deep water area, the submerged plants cover 30-50% of the water surface area of the plant pond, and the biomass of the planted submerged plants is 2000-9000 g/m2(ii) a The artificial substrate ecological pond is communicated with a water outlet of the artificial plant ecological pond; the invention can effectively provide carbon source required by denitrification for microorganisms without supplementing exogenous carbon, and improves the nitrogen removal efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a natural wetland simulating system and a purification method thereof.
Background
The artificial wetland is a water treatment technology for efficiently purifying pollutants by utilizing the synergistic effect of three interdependent factors of soil, plants and microorganisms through the comprehensive actions of filtration, adsorption, precipitation, ion exchange, plant absorption, microbial degradation and the like. At present, water quality improvement is mainly used in China, and the method is applied to various fields such as rural domestic sewage treatment, farmland non-point source pollution treatment and the like.
In terms of nitrogen and phosphorus removal effects and effects of the artificial wetland technology, a great deal of research shows that biological nitrogen removal is a main action mechanism of the wetland system for removing nitrogen-containing pollutants, wherein the removal amount of nitrification-denitrification to nitrogen is 60-86%, and the biological nitrogen removal is considered as the most important biological action way in the wetland system. Generally, the C/N of the influent water quality is lower than 3, which is a limiting factor of biological denitrification, the low biological denitrification efficiency caused by the shortage of the organic carbon source in the water body needs an additional carbon source to ensure the good biological denitrification effect. The removal effect of the constructed wetland on phosphorus mainly comprises three aspects: the method comprises the following steps of substrate filler adsorption and precipitation, plant absorption and microbial absorption and transformation, wherein the adsorption and precipitation of the substrate filler is the main way for removing phosphorus in the artificial wetland, about 70% of phosphorus in the sewage is removed through the adsorption and precipitation way of the substrate filler, and the phosphorus absorbed by the plant only accounts for 17%.
Although the application field of the current artificial wetland technology is wide, the following problems to be broken through still mainly face to the popularization and application of the artificial wetland technology.
With the supply of a great deal of reclaimed water as landscape water to rivers and lakes, the environmental quality of surface water is increasingly improved, the application of the artificial wetland technology is mainly gradually changed from heavily polluted water to deeply purifying the lightly polluted water, aiming at the characteristics of low carbon and high nitrogen and phosphorus of the incoming water, methods such as aeration mode optimization, matrix filler development, biological carbon source addition and the like are generally adopted to optimize the system, and although the method can effectively improve the denitrification effect, the problems of construction and operation cost improvement exist; in addition, after the carbon source is added, the risks of substrate layer blockage, effluent organic pollutant concentration increase and the like are increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to overcome the defects that exogenous carbon is required to be added for low-carbon high-nitrogen and phosphorus water bodies in the traditional wetland technology, so that the risks of blockage of a matrix layer, increase of the concentration of organic pollutants in effluent and the like are increased, and provide a natural wetland simulating system and a purification method thereof, wherein the carbon source required for denitrification can be effectively provided for microorganisms without supplementing exogenous carbon.
A simulated natural wetland system comprising:
the artificial ecological channel comprises a flow channel and a valve arranged on the flow channel;
the artificial plant ecological pond comprises a plant pond and a water inlet and a water outlet which are respectively positioned at two opposite sides of the plant pond; the water inlet is communicated with the flow channel; the plant pond comprises a shoal area and a deep water area, emergent aquatic plants are planted in the shoal area, and the planting density is 10-30 plants/m2(ii) a The submerged plants are planted in the deep water area, the submerged plants cover 30-50% of the water surface area of the plant pond, and the biomass of the planted submerged plants is 2000-9000 g/m2；
The artificial substrate ecological pond is communicated with the water outlet of the artificial plant ecological pond.
The above-mentioned planting biomass means the fresh weight of submerged plants in a unit area in a deep water region.
The area of the plant pond is not more than 5 ten thousand meters2The depth of the deep water area is 1.5-2 m, and the depth of the shoal area is 0.3-0.7 m.
The number of the artificial plant ecological ponds is multiple, and the artificial plant ecological ponds are connected in parallel or/and in series between the artificial ecological channels and the artificial substrate ecological pond;
the number of the artificial substrate ecological ponds is a plurality, and the artificial substrate ecological ponds are connected in parallel or/and in series on the water outlet of the artificial plant ecological pond.
The width of the runner is 2-4 m, the depth is not more than 0.8m, and the bottom of the runner is provided with a phosphorus removal filler.
The artificial substrate ecological pond comprises a substrate pond, a plurality of ecological interception belts arranged in the substrate pond, and a water flow inlet and a water flow outlet which are respectively arranged at two opposite sides of the substrate pond; the water flow inlet is communicated with the water outlet.
The water flow inlet is communicated with the water outlet through an overflow weir;
the area of the substrate pond is not more than 5 ten thousand meters2The depth is 1.5 to 2 m.
The area of the plant pond is 3-5 ten thousand meters2The area of the substrate pond is 3-5 ten thousand meters2。
The height of the ecological interception belts is 1.5-2 m, the ecological interception belts are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction, the interval between every two adjacent ecological interception belts along the water flow direction is 5-10 m, the length of the ecological interception belt perpendicular to the water flow direction is more than 80% of the width of the corresponding position of the matrix pond, preferably, the length of the ecological interception belt perpendicular to the water flow direction is 80% -90% of the width of the corresponding position of the matrix pond, the width of the ecological interception belt along the water flow direction is 1-3 m, granular lime macadam is filled in the ecological interception belts, and the grain size of the granular lime macadam is 1-3 cm.
And a phosphorus removal filler or/and modified diatom ooze is filled in the ecological interception zone.
The height of the ecological interception zone is the same as the depth of the substrate pond.
The emergent aquatic plant comprises one or more of reed and loosestrife; the submerged plant is one or more of Focus vesiculosus, herba Swertiae Dilutae, black algae, curly pondweed, black algae, and potamogeton pectinatus.
A method for purifying a water body by a natural wetland simulating system comprises the following steps:
the water body automatically flows into the artificial ecological channel through the valve, and the retention time of the water body in the artificial ecological channel is 1-3 d; after passing through an artificial ecological channel, automatically flowing the water body into an artificial plant ecological pond, wherein the retention time of the water body in the plant pond is 6-17 d; enabling the plant pond to automatically flow into an artificial matrix ecological pond, enabling the water body in the artificial matrix ecological pond to stay for 3-10 d, and automatically discharging the purified effluent;
the hydraulic load of the natural wetland simulating system is 0.04-0.15 m3/(m2·d)。
The artificial ecological channel is added with a phosphorus removal filler, and the mixing ratio of the phosphorus removal filler to soil in the artificial ecological channel is 1: 5-1: 10.
The phosphorus removal filler is prepared by uniformly mixing bentonite and blocky quicklime according to the volume ratio of 1: 1-1: 3 and drying at 105 ℃.
The specific surface area of the phosphorus removal filler is 11-20 m2/g。
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. aiming at the characteristics of low biodegradability, low carbon and high nitrogen and phosphorus of reclaimed water and slightly polluted water bodies, namely mainly aiming at reclaimed water and slightly polluted water bodies with the C/N lower than 3, the invention forms the natural wetland imitation system by combining the natural wetland form and the biodiversity characteristic and referring to the principle of biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal and researching and developing, and the artificial ecological channel, the artificial plant ecological pond and the artificial substrate ecological pond arranged in the system are mutually matched to achieve the comprehensive effects of strengthening natural interception and sedimentation, optimizing dissolved oxygen environment, enlarging carrier area, supplementing natural rich carbon and the like, thereby breaking through the bottleneck of the natural nitrogen and phosphorus wetland strengthening and purifying technology; specifically, the invention utilizes micromolecular organic matters secreted and released in the growth period and the decline period of aquatic plants with specific density and planting biomass to supplement carbon sources required for supplying the denitrification of the heterotrophic microorganisms to the water body, thereby improving the biodegradability of the water body and enhancing the denitrification effect; meanwhile, the optimized setting of the specific density and planting biomass of the aquatic plants is also beneficial to enhancing the adsorption and interception effects on the insoluble small-particle substances in the water body, so that the insoluble small-particle substances are gathered to form large-particle substances, and the sedimentation effect is accelerated; in addition, compared with the traditional ecological pond, the arrangement of the aquatic plants in the invention also provides a huge enrichment area for microorganisms in the water body and provides more favorable conditions for biological denitrification; meanwhile, the method can also promote the denitrification effect of a subsequent artificial matrix ecological pond, effectively achieve the effect of strengthening the action of microorganisms, and obviously enhance the removal effect of Total Nitrogen (TN).
2. The traditional wetland technology is mostly applied by adopting single construction in forms of subsurface flow, surface flow and the like or simply combining the components into a main part, in an artificial wetland system mainly aiming at water quality purification, although measures such as structure optimization, process combination, matrix material improvement, operation mode regulation and control are adopted, the operation efficiency of the system can be improved, the single structural form still exists, the trace of artificial structure is obvious, and short boards still exist in the aspects of damaged habitat reconstruction, biocoenosis construction, biodiversity improvement and the like. The nature-imitated wetland system is a near nature wetland system established by inheriting an ecological natural concept under the large background of sustainable development of ecological civilization construction, forms a natural space pattern with alternating deep pool-shoal, rapid flow and slow flow, provides proper growth spaces for different types of aquatic plants such as submerged water, emergent water and the like, provides diversified enrichment spaces for microorganisms suitable for different environments, and provides various spawning, development, reproduction, migration and refuge places for different stages of aquatic animal community life such as benthonic and fish; the method can effectively promote the comprehensive improvement and the benign development of the water quality improvement and the ecological restoration functions, and completely meet the inevitable trend of the technical development of the artificial wetland. Therefore, the natural wetland simulating system can enhance the water quality purification effect, and effectively achieve the ecological restoration effects of damaged habitat reconstruction, biological community construction, biological diversity improvement and the like and the purpose of landscape improvement.
3. The structure of the artificial matrix ecological pond is further optimized, a plurality of ecological interception belts are arranged in the artificial matrix ecological pond, the structure of the artificial matrix ecological pond is optimized, the interception effect on large-particle difficultly-degradable pollutants is increased, the microorganism enrichment area is increased, the water body dissolved oxygen environment in the traditional ecological pond is optimized, a more appropriate action condition is provided for denitrifying denitrification microorganisms, and the total nitrogen removal effect is further improved; and through the addition of materials such as phosphorus removal filler and the like, the effect of adsorbing and removing phosphorus can be enhanced at the same time, and the effect is more remarkable.
4. The invention also provides a pair of natural wetland simulating systemsThe method for purifying the water body comprises the steps of maintaining the water body in an artificial ecological channel, an artificial plant ecological pond and an artificial substrate ecological pond for a long time, adding a phosphorus removal filler in the artificial ecological channel and the artificial substrate ecological pond, and optimizing the composition and the addition amount of the phosphorus removal filler; effectively leading the hydraulic load of the natural wetland simulating system to reach 0.04-0.15 m3/(m2D), remarkably improving the removal effect of nitrogen and phosphorus.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the simulated natural wetland system of the invention;
description of reference numerals:
1-artificial ecological channel, 2-artificial plant ecological pond, 3-artificial substrate ecological pond and 4-overflow weir;
11-flow channel, 12-valve;
21-shoal area, 22-deep water area, 23-water inlet and 24-water outlet;
31-matrix pond, 32-ecological interception zone, 33-water flow inlet and 34-water flow outlet.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
A nature-imitated wetland system is shown in figure 1 and comprises an artificial ecological channel 1, an artificial plant ecological pond 2 and an artificial substrate ecological pond 3. Wherein, the artificial ecological channel 1 comprises a flow channel 11 and a valve 12 arranged on the flow channel 11; the artificial plant ecological pond 2 comprises a plant pond and a water inlet 23 and a water outlet 24 which are respectively positioned at two opposite sides of the plant pond; the plant pond comprises a shoal area 21 and a deep water area 22, emergent aquatic plants are planted in the shoal area 21, and the planting density is 10-30 plants/m2(ii) a The deep water area 22 is planted with submerged plants, the submerged plants cover 30-50% of the water surface area of the plant pond, and the biomass of the planted submerged plants is 2000-9000 g/m2. The water inlet 23 is communicated with the runner 11; the artificial substrate ecological pond 3 is communicated with a water outlet 24 of the artificial plant ecological pond 2.
The invention aims at the characteristics of low biodegradability, low carbon and high nitrogen and phosphorus of reclaimed water and slightly polluted water, namely mainly aims at reclaimed water and slightly polluted water with C/N lower than 3, and forms the natural wetland simulating system by combining the natural wetland form and the biological diversity characteristic and referring to the biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal principle. The artificial ecological channel, the artificial plant ecological pond and the artificial substrate ecological pond arranged in the system are matched with each other, so that the comprehensive effects of strengthening natural interception and sedimentation, optimizing dissolved oxygen environment, expanding carrier area, supplementing natural rich carbon and the like are achieved, and the technical bottleneck of nitrogen and phosphorus strengthening and purification of the simulated natural wetland is broken through. Specifically, the invention utilizes micromolecular organic matters secreted and released in the growth period and the decline period of aquatic plants with specific density and planting biomass to supplement carbon sources required for supplying the denitrification of the heterotrophic microorganisms to the water body, thereby improving the biodegradability of the water body and enhancing the denitrification effect; meanwhile, the optimized setting of the specific density and planting biomass of the aquatic plants is also beneficial to enhancing the adsorption and interception effects on the insoluble small-particle substances in the water body, so that the insoluble small-particle substances are gathered to form large-particle substances, and the sedimentation effect is accelerated; in addition, compared with the traditional ecological pond, the arrangement of the aquatic plants in the invention also provides a huge enrichment area for microorganisms in the water body and provides more favorable conditions for biological denitrification; meanwhile, the denitrification effect of a subsequent artificial matrix ecological pond can be promoted, the effect of strengthening the action of microorganisms is effectively achieved, and the removal effect of total nitrogen TN is obviously enhanced.
The traditional wetland technology is mostly constructed in a single form of subsurface flow, surface flow and the like or mainly combined by simple components. In the constructed wetland system mainly aiming at water purification, the operation efficiency of the system can be improved through measures such as structure optimization, process combination, matrix material improvement, operation mode regulation and the like. But still has the defects of single structural form, obvious artificial structure trace, and short plate for the aspects of damaged habitat reconstruction, biological community construction, biological diversity improvement and the like. The nature-imitated wetland system is a near nature wetland system established by inheriting an ecological natural concept under the large background of sustainable development of ecological civilization construction, forms a natural space pattern with alternating deep pool-shoal, rapid flow and slow flow, provides suitable growth spaces for different types of aquatic plants such as submerged plants and emergent plants, provides diversified enrichment spaces for microorganisms suitable for different environments, and provides various spawning, development, reproduction, migration and refuge places for different stages of life of aquatic animal communities such as benthonic and fish; the method can effectively promote the comprehensive improvement and the benign development of the water quality improvement and the ecological restoration functions, and completely meet the inevitable trend of the technical development of the artificial wetland. Therefore, the natural wetland simulating system can enhance the water quality purification effect, and effectively achieve the ecological restoration effects of damaged habitat reconstruction, biological community construction, biological diversity improvement and the like and the purpose of landscape improvement.
In order to obtain the best effect of removing nitrogen and phosphorus, the number and the structure of the artificial ecological channels 1, the artificial plant ecological pond 2 and the artificial substrate ecological pond 3 are further optimized.
Regarding the quantity, the number of the artificial ecological channels 1, the artificial plant ecological ponds 2 and the artificial substrate ecological ponds 3 in the embodiment can be one or more; if the number of the filter elements is multiple, the filter elements can be arranged in a parallel mode, can also be arranged in a series mode, and can also be arranged in a parallel and series mode simultaneously. For example: in the nature-imitated wetland system of the embodiment, when the number of the artificial plant ecological ponds 2 is three, the three artificial plant ecological ponds 2 can be connected in series and then arranged between the artificial ecological channel 1 and the artificial substrate ecological pond 3, can also be connected in parallel and arranged between the artificial ecological channel 1 and the artificial substrate ecological pond 3, and meanwhile, two of the artificial plant ecological ponds 2 can be connected in series and then connected in parallel with the rest of the artificial plant ecological ponds 2 and then arranged between the artificial ecological channel 1 and the artificial substrate ecological pond 3. The number of the artificial ecological channels 1 and the artificial substrate ecological ponds 3 can be one or more, and when the number of the artificial ecological channels is more than one, the arrangement mode can also be parallel connection or/and series connection. Any one or more structures of the artificial ecological channel 1, the artificial plant ecological pond 2 and the artificial matrix ecological pond 3 can be inserted among the artificial ecological channel 1, the artificial plant ecological pond 2 and the artificial matrix ecological pond 3 at will, such as: an artificial ecological channel 1 can be arranged between the artificial plant ecological pond 2 and the artificial matrix ecological pond 3, so long as the water settled through the artificial ecological channel 1 can be removed of nitrogen and supplemented with a carbon source through the artificial plant ecological pond 2, and the water supplemented with the carbon source can be further removed of suspended particles, nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants through the artificial matrix ecological pond 3. The more the unit structures are, the better the water treatment result is, and the structure of one artificial ecological channel 1, two artificial plant ecological ponds 2 connected in parallel and one artificial substrate ecological pond 3 is adopted in the embodiment.
For the structure of the artificial ecological channel 1, the width of the flow channel 11 is set to be 2-4 m, the depth is not more than 0.8m, the bottom of the flow channel 11 is provided with a phosphorus removal filler, and the mixing ratio of the phosphorus removal filler to soil in the artificial ecological channel is 1: 5-1: 10. In the embodiment, the width of the flow channel 11 is set to be 3m, the depth is not more than 0.8m, the total length is 10m, and the mixing ratio of the phosphorus removal filler mixed in the soil with the depth of 50cm at the bottom of the flow channel 11 is 1:5 in terms of volume ratio.
As for the structure of the artificial plant ecological pond 2, the area of the plant pond in the artificial plant ecological pond 2 is set to be not more than 5 ten thousand meters2The area of the plant pond is preferably 3-5 ten thousand meters2The depth of the deep water area 22 is 1.5-2 m, and the depth of the shoal area 21 is 0.3-0.7 m; emergent aquatic plants planted in the shoal area 21 comprise one or more of reed and loosestrife, and the planting density is 10-30 plants/m2(ii) a The submerged plant planted in the deep water region 22 is one or more of Foliumet-tailed algae, herba Sonchi Oleracei, black algae, curly pondweed, black algae, and potamogeton pectinatus; the submerged plant covers 30-50% of the water surface area of the plant pond, and the planting biomass of the submerged plant is 2000-9000 g/m2. In the embodiment, the area of the artificial plant ecological pond 2 is set to be 5 ten thousand meters2The depth of the shoal area 21 is 0.5m, reeds are mainly planted, and the planting density is 10-15 pieces/m2(ii) a The deep water region 22 has a depth of 1.5m, and is densely planted with one or more of submerged plant potamogeton crispus, watermifoil and potamogeton pectinatus; the area of the water surface covered by the submerged plant is about 30 percent, and the plant biomass is 2000-4000 g/m2。
As for the structure of the artificial substrate ecological pond 3, the artificial substrate ecological pond 3 comprises a substrate pond 31, and a plurality of substrate ponds 31 are arranged in the substrate pond 31 in sequence along the water flow directionAn inner ecological interception belt 32, and a water flow inlet 33 and a water flow outlet 34 which are respectively arranged at two opposite sides of the substrate pond 31; the water inlet 33 is communicated with the water outlet 24 through the overflow weir 4. The area of the substrate pond 31 is not more than 5 ten thousand meters2The depth is 1.5-2 m; the area of the substrate pond 31 is preferably 3-5 ten thousand meters2. Wherein the height of the ecological interception belt 32 is 1.5-2 m, and the depth of the substrate pond 31 is preferably the same. The interval between two adjacent ecological interception belts 32 along the water flow direction is 5-10 m, the length of the ecological interception belt 32 perpendicular to the water flow direction is more than 80% of the width of the corresponding position of the substrate pond 31, preferably, the length of the ecological interception belt perpendicular to the water flow direction is 80% -90% of the width of the corresponding position of the substrate pond, in the embodiment, the length of the ecological interception belt perpendicular to the water flow direction is basically the same as the width of the corresponding position of the substrate pond, the width of the ecological interception belt 32 along the water flow direction is 1-3 m, granular lime macadam is filled in the ecological interception belt 32, the grain size of the granular lime macadam is 1-3 cm, and phosphorus removal filler or/and modified diatom ooze are filled in the ecological interception belt 32. The area of the substrate pond 31 in this example is 5 km2The depth is 2m, the ecological interception belts 32 are arranged at 10 positions in total, the interval between every two adjacent ecological interception belts 32 is 10m, the width of each ecological interception belt 32 is 2m, and the height of each ecological interception belt 32 is the same as that of the substrate pond 31. The main material of the matrix layer mainly comprises granular calcareous macadam with the grain size of 1-3 cm, and phosphorus removal filler is mixed inside the matrix layer, wherein the mixing ratio of the phosphorus removal filler to the calcareous macadam is 1: 10.
The phosphorus removal filler used in the embodiment is prepared by uniformly mixing bentonite and blocky quicklime according to the volume ratio of 1: 1-1: 3 and drying at 105 ℃; the specific surface area of the prepared phosphorus removal filler is 11-20 m2The theoretical saturated adsorption capacity of the soluble phosphate is 0.876-0.992 mg/g. Specifically, the phosphorus removal filler is prepared by uniformly mixing bentonite and blocky quicklime according to the volume ratio of 1:2 and drying at 105 ℃, and the specific surface area of the prepared phosphorus removal filler is 15m2/g。
The embodiment also discloses a method for purifying the water body by adopting the natural wetland simulating systemThe method, wherein the water purifying capacity of the simulated natural wetland system is 0.1-0.3 m3The hydraulic retention time is 8-24 m3The hydraulic load can reach about 0.05-0.15 m3/(m2D); the specific purification process of the simulated natural wetland system comprises the following steps: the micro-polluted water body on the surface of a certain riverway of Beijing is selected and applied to the simulated natural wetland system in the embodiment, the operation time period is 9-12 months, and the surface hydraulic load of the system is 0.048m3/(m2D) continuous flow water inlet mode with water inlet flow rate of 0.1m3And s. The water body automatically flows into the artificial ecological channel through the inlet valve, and the retention time of the water body in the artificial ecological channel is 3 d; after passing through the artificial ecological channel, the water automatically flows into an artificial plant ecological pond, and the retention time of the water in the plant pond is 17 d; the plant pond automatically flows into the artificial matrix ecological pond, the retention time of the water body in the artificial matrix ecological pond is 8d, and the purified effluent is automatically discharged.
Index COD of main pollutants in inlet waterCrThe average concentrations of TN, TP and ammonia nitrogen are respectively 24.3mg/L, 2.89mg/L, 0.4mg/L and 0.55mg/L, and all water quality indexes fluctuate between IV-V classes of surface water.
After the purification of the simulated natural wetland system, the average concentration of the indexes of the pollutants in the effluent is respectively reduced to 19.4mg/L, 1.8mg/L, 0.18mg/L and 0.3mg/L, and each index basically and stably reaches the standard superior to the IV-class standards on the earth surface. CODCrThe average removal rate of indexes such as TN, TP and ammonia nitrogen reaches 21.11 percent, 33.73 percent, 57.41 percent and 35.58 percent respectively.
Specifically, the artificial ecological channel 1 is to CODCrThe relative average removal rates of TN, TP and ammonia nitrogen respectively reach 7.05 percent, 17.99 percent, 48.9 percent and 38 percent; 2 pairs of COD in the artificial plant ecological pondCrThe relative average removal rates of TN, TP and ammonia nitrogen respectively reach 10%, 14.5%, 6.06% and 6.5%. The average removal rate of the artificial substrate ecological pond 3 to the pollutants is 1.96 percent, 7.24 percent, 19.78 percent and 11.88 percent respectively.
Example 2
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the specific structures of the artificial ecological channel 1, the artificial plant ecological pond 2 and the artificial substrate ecological pond 3 are different from embodiment 1, and the specific settings are as follows:
for the structure of the artificial ecological channel 1, in this embodiment, the width of the flow channel 11 is set to be 3m, the depth is not more than 0.8m, the total length is 10m, and the mixing ratio of the phosphorus removal filler mixed in the soil 50cm deep at the bottom of the flow channel 11 is 1:10 by volume ratio.
As for the structure of the artificial plant ecological pond 2, the area of the artificial plant ecological pond 2 in this embodiment is set to 5 ten thousand meters2The depth of the shoal area 21 is 0.5m, reeds are mainly planted, and the planting density is 10-15 pieces/m2(ii) a The depth of the deep water region 22 is 2m, and one or more of submerged plants such as tape grass, watermifoil, potamogeton pectinatus and hydrilla verticillata are densely planted; the area of the water surface covered by the submerged plants is about 45 percent, and the plant biomass is 6000-9000 g/m2。
For the structure of the artificial substrate ecological pond 3, the area of the substrate pond 31 in the embodiment is 5 ten thousand meters2The depth is 1.5m, 10 ecological interception belts 32 are arranged, the interval between two adjacent ecological interception belts 32 is 10m, the width of a single ecological interception belt 32 is 2m, and the height of the ecological interception belt 32 is 2 m. The main material of the matrix layer mainly comprises granular calcareous macadam with the grain size of 1-3 cm, and phosphorus removal filler is mixed inside the matrix layer, wherein the mixing ratio of the phosphorus removal filler to the calcareous macadam is 1: 10.
The embodiment also discloses a method for purifying the water body by adopting the natural wetland simulating system, which comprises the following specific processes: the micro-polluted water body on the surface of a certain riverway of Beijing is selected and applied to the simulated natural wetland system in the embodiment, the operation time period is 4-8 months, and the surface hydraulic load of the system is 0.14m3/(m2D) continuous flow water inlet mode with water inlet flow rate of 0.3m3And s. The water body automatically flows into the artificial ecological channel through the inlet valve, and the retention time of the water body in the artificial ecological channel is 1 d; after passing through the artificial ecological channel, the water automatically flows into an artificial plant ecological pond, and the retention time of the water in the plant pond is 6 d; the plant pond automatically flows into the artificial matrix ecological pond, the water body in the artificial matrix ecological pond stays for 3d, and the purified effluent is automatically discharged.
Index COD of main pollutants in inlet waterCrTN, TP andthe average concentration of ammonia nitrogen and the like is 24.67mg/L, 2.81mg/L, 0.12mg/L and 0.088mg/L respectively.
After the purification of the simulated natural wetland system, the average concentration of the pollutant indexes in the effluent is respectively reduced to 22.6mg/L, 1.2mg/L, 0.062mg/L and 0.05 mg/L. CODCrThe average removal rate of indexes such as TN, TP and ammonia nitrogen respectively reaches 8.11 percent, 56.89 percent, 49.18 percent and 43.02 percent.
Specifically, the artificial ecological channel 1 is to CODCrThe relative average removal rates of TN, TP and ammonia nitrogen respectively reach 5%, 4.7%, 20% and 13%; 2 pairs of COD in the artificial plant ecological pondCrThe relative average removal rates of TN, TP and ammonia nitrogen respectively reach 3%, 35.24%, 14.67% and 10%. The average removal rate of the artificial matrix ecological pond 3 on the pollutants is 14%, 44.06%, 22.95% and 11.3% respectively. The artificial plant ecological pond 2 has low COD removing efficiency relatively, the reason is related to organic substances secreted by plants, part of organic substances are regarded as organic carbon sources, favorable conditions are created for the denitrification of heterotrophic microorganisms, and meanwhile, the C/N of the water body in the effluent of the unit is improved from 1.2 to 4.3, and the biodegradability is obviously improved.
The surface hydraulic load of the simulated natural wetland system is higher than that of the traditional surface flow type constructed wetland, and the operation effect is better than the purification effect of the traditional surface flow wetland on TN and TP in the micro-polluted water body.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (15)
1. A nature-imitated wetland system is characterized by comprising:
the artificial ecological channel (1) comprises a flow channel (11) and a valve (12) arranged on the flow channel (11);
an artificial plant ecological pond (2) comprises a plant pond and plants respectively positioned in the plant pondA water inlet (23) and a water outlet (24) on opposite sides of the pond; the water inlet (23) is communicated with the flow channel (11); the plant pond comprises a shoal area (21) and a deep water area (22), emergent aquatic plants are planted in the shoal area (21), and the planting density is 10-30 plants/m2(ii) a The deep water area (22) is planted with submerged plants, the submerged plants cover 30-50% of the water surface area of the plant pond, and the biomass of the planted submerged plants is 2000-9000 g/m2；
The artificial substrate ecological pond (3) is communicated with a water outlet (24) of the artificial plant ecological pond (2).
2. The simulated natural wetland system of claim 1, wherein the plant pond has an area of no more than 5 ten thousand meters2The depth of the deep water area (22) is 1.5-2 m, and the depth of the shoal area (21) is 0.3-0.7 m.
3. The nature-imitated wetland system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the number of the artificial plant ecological ponds (2) is multiple, and the artificial plant ecological ponds are connected in parallel or/and in series between the artificial ecological channels (1) and the artificial substrate ecological pond (3);
the number of the artificial substrate ecological ponds (3) is multiple, and the artificial substrate ecological ponds are connected in parallel or/and in series on the water outlet (24) of the artificial plant ecological pond (2).
4. The nature-imitated wetland system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the width of the flow channel (11) is 2-4 m, the depth is not more than 0.8m, and phosphorus removal filler is arranged at the bottom of the flow channel (11).
5. The nature-imitated wetland system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the artificial substrate ecological pond (3) comprises a substrate pond (31), a plurality of ecological interception zones (32) arranged in the substrate pond (31), and a water flow inlet (33) and a water flow outlet (34) which are respectively arranged at two opposite sides of the substrate pond (31); the water inlet (33) is communicated with the water outlet (24).
6. The simulated natural wetland system of claim 5, wherein the water inlet (33) is communicated with the water outlet (24) through an overflow weir (4);
the area of the substrate pond (31) is not more than 5 ten thousand meters2The depth is 1.5 to 2 m.
7. The simulated natural wetland system of claim 6, wherein the plant pond has an area of 3-5 km2The area of the substrate pond (31) is 3-5 ten thousand meters2。
8. The nature-imitated wetland system according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the height of the ecological interception belts (32) is 1.5-2 m, the ecological interception belts are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction, the interval between two adjacent ecological interception belts (32) along the water flow direction is 5-10 m, the length of the ecological interception belt (32) perpendicular to the water flow direction is 80-90% of the width of the corresponding position of the substrate pond (31), the width of the ecological interception belt (32) along the water flow direction is 1-3 m, granular lime stone is filled in the ecological interception belt (32), and the grain size of the granular lime stone is 1-3 cm.
9. The simulated natural wetland system of claim 8, wherein the ecological interception belt (32) is further filled with phosphorus removal filler or/and modified diatom ooze.
10. The simulated natural wetland system of claim 6 or 7, wherein the height of the ecological interception zone (32) is the same as the depth of the substrate pond (31).
11. The simulated natural wetland system of claim 1 or 2,
the emergent aquatic plant comprises one or more of reed and loosestrife; the submerged plant is one or more of Focus vesiculosus, herba Swertiae Dilutae, black algae, curly pondweed, black algae, and potamogeton pectinatus.
12. A method for purifying a water body by a natural wetland simulating system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the water body automatically flows into the artificial ecological channel through the valve, and the retention time of the water body in the artificial ecological channel is 1-3 d; after passing through an artificial ecological channel, automatically flowing the water body into an artificial plant ecological pond, wherein the retention time of the water body in the plant pond is 6-17 d; enabling the plant pond to automatically flow into an artificial matrix ecological pond, enabling the water body in the artificial matrix ecological pond to stay for 3-10 d, and automatically discharging the purified effluent;
the hydraulic load of the natural wetland simulating system is 0.04-0.15 m3/(m2·d)。
13. The method of claim 12, wherein a phosphorus removal filler is added to the artificial ecological channel, and the mixing ratio of the phosphorus removal filler to soil in the artificial ecological channel is 1: 5-1: 10.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the phosphorus removal filler is prepared by uniformly mixing bentonite and blocky quicklime according to a volume ratio of 1: 1-1: 3 and drying at 105 ℃.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the phosphorus removal filler has a specific surface area of 11-20 m2/g。
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112746593A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-04 | 华南理工大学 | Construction method of low-maintenance ecological wetland |
| CN113149223A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-07-23 | 朴草(重庆)生态环境科技有限公司 | Method for constructing small and micro lake-surrounding wetland suitable for mountainous and hilly areas |
| CN113772822A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-12-10 | 河北大学 | River and lake ecological restoration system |
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2020
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112746593A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-04 | 华南理工大学 | Construction method of low-maintenance ecological wetland |
| CN112746593B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-11-02 | 华南理工大学 | Construction method of low-maintenance ecological wetland |
| CN113149223A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-07-23 | 朴草(重庆)生态环境科技有限公司 | Method for constructing small and micro lake-surrounding wetland suitable for mountainous and hilly areas |
| CN113772822A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-12-10 | 河北大学 | River and lake ecological restoration system |
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