CN113321313A - Composite habitat system for improving water quality of high-flow-rate and high-sand-content riverway - Google Patents
Composite habitat system for improving water quality of high-flow-rate and high-sand-content riverway Download PDFInfo
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- CN113321313A CN113321313A CN202110728726.7A CN202110728726A CN113321313A CN 113321313 A CN113321313 A CN 113321313A CN 202110728726 A CN202110728726 A CN 202110728726A CN 113321313 A CN113321313 A CN 113321313A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
Abstract
The invention discloses a composite habitat system for improving the water quality of a high-flow-rate and high-sand-containing river channel, which comprises a plurality of permeable walls vertical to the water flow direction of the river channel, wherein two adjacent permeable walls are respectively fixed on two opposite side banks of the river channel; the system comprises a preposed purification area, a transition area and an advanced treatment area which are sequentially arranged along the flow direction of a river channel, wherein a microorganism attachment base system is used for preposed interception of silt in incoming water, the preposed purification area is used for preposed purification of the water quality of the incoming water, the transition area is used for intermediate transition of the incoming water so as to further reduce suspended substances, and the advanced treatment area is used for final purification of the incoming water, so that the water quality of a river is thoroughly improved, and the high sand content is improved; the permeable wall can change natural water flow into a Z-shaped flow state, slow down high-speed water flow into low-speed water flow, reduce the scouring effect on river levees and bottom materials, and clear up pollutants in water while permeating water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of riverway water quality restoration, in particular to a composite habitat system for improving high-flow-rate and high-sand-content riverway water quality.
Background
With the increasing shortage of water resources, especially for meeting the increasing shortage of water resources for daily production and life, the introduction and purification of water resources in rivers has been increasingly performed in recent years. The silt content of the river channel is generally higher under the influence of factors such as environment and artificial over-development. The water in the river is mixed with a large amount of silt and pollutants, so that great difficulty is brought to the work of treating the drinking water.
The main reasons for the high sand content of rivers are: the biomass of the aquatic plants is less; the high-flow-rate water flow has strong scouring effect on the river levee and the bottom materials; the rainfall scouring forms surface runoff to carry silt. The main hazards caused by the high sand content of rivers are as follows: can affect the water quality of rivers, cause the silting of riverways to lift the riverbeds, destroy the natural water ecosystem of the riverways and cause difficulty in the water using work of the riverways.
At present, the river channel sand cleaning only needs to place a silt separation device in the river channel as a main part, the technical means has the problems of higher early investment cost, high equipment installation difficulty, high equipment maintenance cost and the like, the effect on the river with high flow rate is very little, the ecological performance is poor, and the restoration of a river self-cleaning ecological system is not facilitated.
The Chinese invention patent with the application number of CN201711445036.0 in 2018, 06 and 26, discloses an ecological management system suitable for a river channel with high sand content, which comprises a film hanging unit and an ecological system unit, wherein the film hanging unit is composed of at least two artificial aquatic weed groups arranged in parallel, the artificial aquatic weed groups and a revetment are arranged vertically, two adjacent artificial aquatic weed groups are respectively connected with the revetment at the opposite sides of the two artificial aquatic weed groups, a water flowing channel is arranged between the artificial aquatic weed groups and the revetment, and the water flowing channel extends in a Z shape; the ecological system unit is divided into three areas by two rows of flow guide isolation nets arranged in parallel along the extending direction of the river channel. The film hanging unit can slow down the flow velocity of a river channel to a certain extent, is beneficial to settling of larger suspended matters such as silt and particulate matters in a water body, and primarily settles the particulate matters in the upstream incoming water; the patent scheme has the following defects: (1) the artificial aquatic weed group has certain adsorption capacity, but the adsorption function is single, only silt can be simply treated, and the treatment capacity of water flow with various pollutants is limited; (2) the artificial aquatic weed group needs to frequently replace aquatic weeds, so that the maintenance is inconvenient and the labor cost is high; (3) the artificial aquatic weed group and the ecosystem unit are separately arranged, so that the processing capacity of the ecosystem is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a composite habitat system for improving the water quality of a high-flow-rate and high-sand-containing river channel.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a composite habitat system for improving the water quality of a high-flow-rate and high-sand-containing river channel comprises a plurality of permeable walls perpendicular to the water flow direction of the river channel, wherein the permeable walls are alternately arranged on two side banks of the river channel in a staggered mode, one end of each permeable wall is fixed with one side bank of the river channel, and a microorganism attachment base system is arranged between the other end of each permeable wall and the other side bank of the river channel; the device comprises a preposed purification area, a transition area and an advanced treatment area which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction of a river channel, wherein the preposed purification area is arranged between a first permeable wall and a second permeable wall, the transition area is arranged between the second permeable wall and a third permeable wall, and the advanced treatment area is arranged between the third permeable wall and a fourth permeable wall; the microorganism adheres to basic system and is used for carrying out leading interception to the silt in the incoming water, leading purifying area is used for playing leading purification effect to the quality of water of incoming water, the transition district is used for playing middle transition effect to the incoming water, further reduces the suspended substance, advanced treatment zone is used for playing final purification effect to the incoming water, makes river quality of water obtain thorough promotion, improves high sand content.
Among the above-mentioned scheme, through being fixed in the relative both sides bank in river course respectively with two adjacent permeable walls, crisscross both sides bank of locating the river course promptly, the permeable wall has the effect of hindering slowly to rivers, make rivers reduce when the permeable wall velocity of flow, make the velocity of flow that flows through from the microorganism attached base system be higher than the velocity of flow of the rivers that flow through from the permeable wall, thereby form "Z" shape flow state, and after a plurality of permeable wall hinders slowly many times, make high-speed rivers slow down to low-speed rivers, reduce the scouring action to river levee and substrate, be favorable to aquatic plant's the growth of going to the root, the mineral is filled the permeable structure can form and clears up the microenvironment that pollutes, play the effect of clearing up to aquatic pollutants when permeating water.
The microorganism attaching base system can effectively perform a preposed interception function on silt in the incoming water; the preposed purification area can play a preposed purification role in the quality of the incoming water, and the water quality condition is preliminarily improved; the transition zone can play a middle transition role in the incoming water, so that suspended substances are further reduced; the advanced treatment area plays a role in finally purifying the incoming water, so that the water quality of the river is thoroughly improved, and the conditions of high sand content and the like are improved.
The structure of the whole system is in accordance with the habitat demand of aquatic animals and plants, the living environment of aquatic animals and plants in a high-flow-rate and high-sand-content river channel can be effectively improved, and the biological diversity is improved.
Furthermore, the permeable wall includes the frame of compriseing the gabion net, the lower extreme of frame extends to the bottom in river course, the frame is fixed by the steel-pipe column, the lower extreme of steel-pipe column is fixed in the bottom in river course, the inside of frame is equipped with the filler.
Further, the filler comprises volcanic rock, clinoptilolite and limestone, the mass ratio of the volcanic rock to the clinoptilolite is 1: 1-1: 3, and the mass ratio of the clinoptilolite to the limestone is 2: 1-3: 1; the particle size of the filler is 40-50 mm, and the aperture of the outer frame is 20x40 mm-30 x50 mm.
The clinoptilolite is used for treating organic pollutants, the limestone is used for removing inorganic pollutants, the volcanic rock is used for treating municipal sewage, industrial wastewater and domestic sewage, and the filling proportion of the three mineral stones is adjusted to adapt to the quality of sewage to be treated.
Further, the microorganism attaching base system comprises a floating ball, a microorganism attaching base and a gravel bag, wherein the microorganism attaching base is of a strip-shaped structure, the upper end of the microorganism attaching base is connected with the floating ball, and the lower end of the microorganism attaching base is connected with the gravel bag; the distribution density of the microorganism attaching bases is 4-6 strains/m2. The floating ball floats on the water surface, and the gravel bag is sunk at the bottom of the river, so that the microorganism attaching bases are prevented from being entangled.
Further, the ratio of the transverse length of the permeable wall relative to the river channel to the width of the river channel is 1: 2-2: and 3, the permeable wall is 0.1-0.2 m higher than the normal water level of the river channel. Through increasing the length of permeable wall, can improve the effect of hindering of permeable wall to the velocity of water flow.
Furthermore, a plurality of be the equidistance between the permeable wall and arrange that the interval of laying between two adjacent permeable walls is 15 ~ 20 m. Through the interval of adjustment permeable wall, can adjust the regional area of corresponding processing between this adjacent permeable wall, increase the treatment effect in this region.
Further, the preposed purification area comprises pollution-resistant pioneer species submerged plants, and the pollution-resistant pioneer species submerged plants comprise hydrilla verticillata and elodea nutans; wherein the planting density of the hydrilla verticillata is 40-50 plants/m2The planting density of the waterweeds is 30-40 strains/m2。
Furthermore, the transition area comprises paved gravels, the particle size of the gravels is 20-30 mm, and the paving thickness of the gravels is 30-40 mm.
Further, the deep treatment area comprises long-acting purification seed submerged plants and benthonic animals, the long-acting purification seed submerged plants comprise common sowthistle herbs, golden carp algae and potamogeton pectinatus, and the planting density of the common sowthistle herbs is 40-50 plants/m2The planting density of the golden fish algae is 30-40 strains/m2The planting density of the potamogeton pectinatus is 20-30 plants/m2(ii) a The benthonic animals comprise the periwinkle aeruginosa and the anodonta denticulata, and the throwing density of the periwinkle aeruginosa is 80-3100 g/m2The throwing density of the anodonta woodiana is 50-360 g/m2。
Furthermore, the composite habitat system can be used for water environment restoration and treatment engineering and can also be used for river ecological restoration and treatment engineering.
The composite habitat system for improving the water quality of the high-flow-speed and high-sand-containing riverway is applied to a riverway with a certain section width of 15m, an average water depth of 1.8m, a length of 5km and a water flow speed of 3.2m/s in Zhengzhou city, and the arrangement form is as follows: the length of the permeable wall is 10m, the width of the permeable wall is 1.5m, the arrangement distance is 20m, and the permeable wall is 0.1m higher than the normal water level of the river channel; transparent filmThe mass ratio of volcanic rock and clinoptilolite filled in the water wall is 1:1, the mass ratio of clinoptilolite and limestone is 2:1, and the particle size is 40 mm; the aperture of the gabion net of the outer frame of the permeable wall is 20 multiplied by 40 mm; the distribution density of the microorganism attaching base is 4 strains/m2(ii) a The planting density of the hydrilla verticillata and the waterweed in the preposed purification area is respectively 40 strains/m230 strains/m2(ii) a The particle size of the crushed stone in the transition area is 20mm, and the paving thickness is 40 mm; the planting density of the tape grass, the golden fish algae and the potamogeton pectinatus in the advanced treatment area is respectively 40 strains/m230 strains/m230 strains/m2The stocking density of the periwinkle aeruginosa and the anodonta woodiana is 100g/m respectively2、50g/m2. After the river channel is laid with the composite habitat system for 4 months, the water quality data of the river channel begin to change obviously: the ammonia nitrogen in the water is reduced to 1.583mg/L from 3.254mg/L, TN is reduced to 1.72mg/L from 4.36mg/L, the transparency is improved to 120cm from 62cm, the turbidity is reduced to 4.24NTU from 15.72NTU, DO is improved to 4.8mg/L from 2.14mg/L, the water flow rate is reduced to about 1.1m/s, the coverage of submerged plants at the river bottom is improved to 58% from 23% before, and the abundance of aquatic animals also shows obvious increase.
The composite habitat system for improving the water quality of the high-flow-speed and high-sand-content riverway is applied to a riverway with a certain section width of 20m, an average water depth of 2.2m, a length of 10km and a water flow speed of 2.5m/s in Guizhou city, and the arrangement form is as follows: the length of the permeable wall is 10m, the width of the permeable wall is 2m, the arrangement distance is 20m, and the permeable wall is 0.2m higher than the normal water level of the river channel; the mass ratio of volcanic rock and clinoptilolite filled in the permeable wall is 1:3, the mass ratio of clinoptilolite and limestone is 3:1, and the particle size is about 50 mm; the aperture of the gabion net of the outer frame of the permeable wall is 30 multiplied by 50 mm; the distribution density of the microorganism attaching base is 6 strains/m2(ii) a The planting density of the hydrilla verticillata and the waterweed in the preposed purification area is respectively 50 strains/m240 strains/m2(ii) a The particle size of the crushed stone in the transition area is 30mm, and the laying thickness is 30 mm; the planting density of the tape grass, the golden fish algae and the potamogeton pectinatus in the advanced treatment area is respectively 50 plants/m240 strains/m220 strains/m2The stocking density of the Philippine snails and the anodonta woodiana is respectively 80g/m2、60g/m2. Arranged in a river channelAfter 4 months of the composite habitat system, the water quality data of each item of the river channel begin to obviously change: the ammonia nitrogen in the water is reduced to 1.93mg/L from the previous 3.94mg/L, TN is reduced to 1.62mg/L from 3.96mg/L, the transparency is improved to 107cm from 48cm, the turbidity is reduced to 6.24NTU from 17.72NTU, DO is improved to 4.64mg/L from 2.54mg/L, the water flow rate is reduced to about 0.8m/s, the coverage of submerged plants at the river bottom is improved to 60% from the previous 26%, and the abundance of aquatic animals is obviously increased.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the permeable wall can change natural water flow into a Z-shaped flow state, slow down high-speed water flow into low-speed water flow, reduce scouring action on river levees and bottom materials, facilitate rooting growth of aquatic plants, and form a microenvironment for removing pollutants by using a mineral filled permeable structure, and remove pollutants in water while permeating water;
(2) the permeable wall is combined with each ecological treatment area, and can transversely flow through each ecological treatment area in the process that water flows in a Z shape, so that compared with the scheme in the prior art (water flows directly flow through the ecological treatment areas), the contact range of the water flow and the ecological treatment areas is enlarged, the construction space is saved, and the cost is reduced;
(3) the permeable wall is combined with the microorganism attaching base system, and can effectively play a role in preposing interception of silt in the incoming water.
(4) The microorganism attaching base system can effectively perform a preposed interception function on the silt in the incoming water; the preposed purification area can play a preposed purification role in the quality of the incoming water, and the water quality condition is preliminarily improved; the transition zone can play a middle transition role in the incoming water, so that suspended substances are further reduced; the advanced treatment area plays a role in finally purifying the incoming water, so that the water quality of the river is thoroughly improved, and the conditions of high sand content and the like are improved;
(5) the structure of the whole system is in accordance with the habitat demand of aquatic animals and plants, the living environment of aquatic animals and plants in a high-flow-rate and high-sand-content river channel can be effectively improved, and the biological diversity is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a composite habitat system for enhancing the quality of high flow and high sand containing riverways of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a transverse sectional view of the permeable wall and microorganism attachment base system of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. steel pipe columns; 2. a permeable wall; 201. a first permeable wall; 202. a second permeable wall; 203. a third permeable wall; 204. a fourth permeable wall; 3. a gabion mesh; 4. a floating ball; 5. a pre-purification zone; 6. a transition zone; 7. a deep treatment area; 8. river banks; 9. a microbial attachment group; 10. a gravel bag; 11. the bottom of the river.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "horizontal", "vertical", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships that are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only used for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, a composite habitat system for improving the water quality of a high-flow-rate and high-sand-containing river channel comprises a plurality of permeable walls 2 perpendicular to the water flow direction of the river channel, wherein the permeable walls 2 are alternately arranged on two side banks of the river channel in a staggered manner, one end of each permeable wall 2 is fixed with one side bank 8 of the river channel, and a microorganism attachment base system is arranged between the other end of each permeable wall 2 and the other side bank 8 of the river channel; the river channel water flow treatment device comprises a pre-purification area 5, a transition area 6 and an advanced treatment area 7 which are sequentially arranged along the river channel water flow direction, wherein the pre-purification area 5 is arranged between a first permeable wall 201 and a second permeable wall 202, the transition area 6 is arranged between the second permeable wall 202 and a third permeable wall 203, and the advanced treatment area 7 is arranged between the third permeable wall 203 and a fourth permeable wall 204; microorganism adheres to basic system and is used for carrying out leading interception to the silt in the incoming water, leading purification zone 5 is used for playing leading purification effect to the quality of water of incoming water, transition district 6 is used for playing middle transition effect to the incoming water, further reduces the suspended substance, advanced treatment zone 7 is used for playing final purification effect to the incoming water, makes river quality of water obtain thorough promotion, improves high sand content.
In the above-mentioned scheme, through being fixed in relative both sides bank 8 in the river course respectively with two adjacent permeable walls 2, crisscross both sides bank of locating the river course promptly, permeable wall 2 has the effect of hindering slowly to rivers, make rivers reduce at the time of permeable wall 2 velocity of flow, make the velocity of flow that flows through from microorganism attached base system be higher than the velocity of flow from the rivers that permeable wall 2 flowed through, thereby form "Z" shape flow state, and after a plurality of permeable wall 2's the many times of hindering slowly, make high-speed rivers slow down to low-speed rivers, reduce the scouring action to river levee and substrate, be favorable to aquatic plant's the growth of following the root, mineral filled permeable structure can form the microenvironment of digesting the pollutant, play the effect of digesting to aquatic pollutant when permeating water.
And, the key point of this application invention lies in, the permeable wall combines with each ecological treatment district, in the course that rivers are "Z" to flow, can transversely flow through each ecological treatment district, compared with the scheme in the prior art (rivers directly flow through ecological treatment district), increased the scope that rivers and ecological treatment district contact, saved the construction space, reduced the cost.
The permeable wall is combined with the microorganism attaching base system, and can effectively play a role in preposing interception of silt in the incoming water.
The ecological treatment area comprises a preposed purification area 5, a transition area 6 and an advanced treatment area 7, wherein the preposed purification area 5 can play a preposed purification role in the quality of the incoming water so as to preliminarily improve the quality of the incoming water; the transition zone 6 can play a middle transition role in the incoming water, so that suspended substances are further reduced; the advanced treatment zone 7 plays a role in finally purifying the incoming water, so that the water quality of the river is thoroughly improved, and the conditions of high sand content and the like are improved.
The structure of the whole system is in accordance with the habitat demand of aquatic animals and plants, the living environment of aquatic animals and plants in a high-flow-rate and high-sand-content river channel can be effectively improved, and the biological diversity is improved.
Further, the permeable wall 2 comprises an outer frame consisting of a gabion mesh 3, the lower end of the outer frame extends to the bottom of the river channel, the outer frame is fixed by a steel pipe column 1, the lower end of the steel pipe column 1 is fixed to the bottom of the river channel, and fillers are arranged inside the outer frame.
Further, the filler comprises volcanic rock, clinoptilolite and limestone, the mass ratio of the volcanic rock to the clinoptilolite is 1: 1-1: 3, and the mass ratio of the clinoptilolite to the limestone is 2: 1-3: 1; the particle size of the filler is 40-50 mm, and the aperture of the outer frame is 20x40 mm-30 x50 mm.
The clinoptilolite is used for treating organic pollutants, the limestone is used for removing inorganic pollutants, the volcanic rock is used for treating municipal sewage, industrial wastewater and domestic sewage, and the filling proportion of the three mineral stones is adjusted to adapt to the quality of sewage to be treated.
Further, the microorganism attaching base system comprises a floating ball 4, a microorganism attaching base 9 and a gravel bag 10, wherein the microorganism attaching base 9 is of a strip-shaped structure, the upper end of the microorganism attaching base 9 is connected with the floating ball 4, and the lower end of the microorganism attaching base 9 is connected with the gravel bag 10; the distribution density of the microorganism attaching bases is 4-6 strains/m2. The floating ball 4 floats on the water surface, and the gravel bag 10 sinks on the river bottom 11, so that the microorganism attaching bases are prevented from being entangled.
Further, the ratio of the transverse length of the permeable wall 2 relative to the river channel to the width of the river channel is 1: 2-2: 3, the permeable wall 2 is 0.1-0.2 m higher than the normal water level of the river. Through increasing the length of permeable wall 2, can improve the effect of hindering of permeable wall 2 to the velocity of water flow.
Furthermore, a plurality of be the equidistance is arranged between the permeable wall 2, and the interval of laying between two adjacent permeable walls 2 is 15 ~ 20 m. Through the interval of adjustment permeable wall 2, can adjust the regional area of corresponding processing between this adjacent permeable wall 2, increase the treatment effect in this region.
Further, the preposed purification area 5 comprises pollution-resistant pioneer species submerged plants, and the pollution-resistant pioneer species submerged plants comprise hydrilla verticillata and elodea nutans; wherein the planting density of the hydrilla verticillata is 40-50 plants/m2The planting density of the waterweeds is 30-40 strains/m2。
Further, the transition area 6 comprises paved gravels, the particle size of the gravels is 20-30 mm, and the paving thickness of the gravels is 30-40 mm.
Further, the deep treatment area 7 comprises long-acting purification seed submerged plants and benthonic animals, the long-acting purification seed submerged plants comprise common sowthistle herbs, hornworts and potamogeton pectinatus, and the planting density of the common sowthistle herbs is 40-50 plants/m2The planting density of the golden fish algae is 30-340 strains/m2The planting density of the potamogeton pectinatus is 20-30 plants/m2(ii) a The benthonic animals comprise the periwinkle aeruginosa and the anodonta denticulata, and the throwing density of the periwinkle aeruginosa is 80-3100 g/m2The throwing density of the anodonta woodiana is 50-360 g/m2。
Furthermore, the composite habitat system can be used for water environment restoration and treatment engineering and can also be used for river ecological restoration and treatment engineering.
The composite habitat system for improving the water quality of the high-flow-rate and high-sand-containing riverway is applied to a riverway with a certain section width of 15m, an average water depth of 1.8m, a length of 5km and a water flow speed of 3.2m/s in Zhengzhou city, and the arrangement form is as follows: the length of the permeable wall 2 is 10m, the width of the permeable wall is 1.5m, the arrangement distance is 20m, and the distance is 0.1m higher than the normal water level of the river channel; the mass ratio of volcanic rock and clinoptilolite filled in the permeable wall 2 is 1:1, the mass ratio of clinoptilolite and limestone is 2:1, and the particle size is 40 mm; the aperture of the gabion mesh 3 of the outer frame of the permeable wall is 20 multiplied by 40 mm; the distribution density of the microorganism attaching base 9 is 4 strains/m2(ii) a The planting density of the hydrilla verticillata and the waterweed in the preposed purification area 5 is 40 strains/m respectively230 strains/m2(ii) a The particle size of the crushed stone in the transition area 6 is 20mm, and the laying thickness is 40 mm; the planting density of the tape grass, the golden fish algae and the potamogeton pectinatus in the advanced treatment area 7 is respectively 40 strains/m230 strains/m230 strains/m2The stocking density of the periwinkle aeruginosa and the anodonta woodiana is 100g/m respectively2、50g/m2. After the river channel is laid with the composite habitat system for 4 months, the water quality data of the river channel begin to change obviously: the ammonia nitrogen in the water is reduced to 1.583mg/L from 3.254mg/L, TN is reduced to 1.72mg/L from 4.36mg/L, the transparency is improved to 120cm from 62cm, the turbidity is reduced to 4.24NTU from 15.72NTU, DO is improved to 4.8mg/L from 2.14mg/L, the water flow rate is reduced to about 1.1m/s, the coverage of submerged plants at the river bottom is improved to 58% from 23% before, and the abundance of aquatic animals also shows obvious increase.
Example 2
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the composite habitat system for improving the water quality of the high-flow-rate and high-sand-content riverway is applied to a riverway with a certain section width of 20m, an average water depth of 2.2m, a length of 10km and a water flow speed of 2.5m/s in Guizhou city, and the arrangement form is as follows: the length of the permeable wall 2 is 10m, the width of the permeable wall is 2m, the arrangement distance is 20m, and the permeable wall is 0.2m higher than the normal water level of the river channel; the mass ratio of volcanic rock and clinoptilolite filled in the permeable wall 2 is 1:3, the mass ratio of clinoptilolite and limestone is 3:1, and the particle size is about 50 mm; the aperture of the gabion mesh 3 of the outer frame of the permeable wall 2 is 30 multiplied by 50 mm; the distribution density of the microorganism attaching base 9 is 6 strains/m2(ii) a The planting density of the hydrilla verticillata and the waterweed in the preposed purification area 5 is respectively 50 strains/m240 strains/m2(ii) a The particle size of the crushed stone in the transition area 6 is 30mm, and the laying thickness is 30 mm; the planting density of the tape grass, the golden fish algae and the potamogeton pectinatus in the advanced treatment area 7 is respectively 50 plants/m240 strains/m220 strains/m2The stocking density of the Philippine snails and the anodonta woodiana is respectively 80g/m2、60g/m2. After the river channel is laid with the composite habitat system for 4 months, the water quality data of the river channel begin to change obviously: the ammonia nitrogen in the water is reduced to 1.93mg/L from the previous 3.94mg/L, TN is reduced to 1.62mg/L from 3.96mg/L, the transparency is improved to 107cm from 48cm, the turbidity is reduced to 6.24NTU from 17.72NTU, and DO is reduced from 6.24NTU2.54mg/L is increased to 4.64mg/L, the flow rate of the water body is reduced to about 0.8m/s, the coverage of submerged plants at the river bottom is increased to 60% from the previous 26%, and the abundance of aquatic animals is obviously increased.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A composite habitat system for improving the water quality of a high-flow-rate and high-sand-content river channel is characterized by comprising a plurality of permeable walls perpendicular to the water flow direction of the river channel, wherein the permeable walls are alternately arranged on two side banks of the river channel in a staggered manner, one end of each permeable wall is fixed with one side bank of the river channel, and a microorganism attachment base system is arranged between the other end of each permeable wall and the other side bank; the device also comprises a preposed purification area, a transition area and an advanced treatment area which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction of the river channel, wherein the preposed purification area is arranged between the first permeable wall and the second permeable wall, the transition area is arranged between the second permeable wall and the third permeable wall, and the advanced treatment area is arranged between the third permeable wall and the fourth permeable wall; the microorganism adheres to basic system and is used for leading interception to the silt in the incoming water, leading purifying area is used for leading the purification to the quality of water of incoming water, the transition district is used for carrying out the intermediate transition to the incoming water, further reduces the suspended substance, advanced treatment district is used for carrying out final purification to the incoming water, makes river quality of water obtain thorough promotion, improves high sand content.
2. The composite habitat system for improving water quality of a high-flow-rate and high-sand river channel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the permeable wall comprises an outer frame consisting of a gabion mesh, a lower end of the outer frame extends to the bottom of the river channel, the outer frame is fixed by a steel pipe column, a lower end of the steel pipe column is fixed to the bottom of the river channel, and a filler is arranged inside the outer frame.
3. The composite habitat system for improving the water quality of a high-flow-rate and high-sand-containing riverway as claimed in claim 2, wherein the filler comprises volcanic rock, clinoptilolite and limestone, the mass ratio of the volcanic rock to the clinoptilolite is 1: 1-1: 3, and the mass ratio of the clinoptilolite to the limestone is 2: 1-3: 1; the particle size of the filler is 40-50 mm, and the aperture of the outer frame is 20x40 mm-30 x50 mm.
4. The composite habitat system for improving the water quality of a high-flow-rate and high-sand-content riverway as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microorganism attaching base system comprises a floating ball, a microorganism attaching base and a gravel bag, the microorganism attaching base is of a strip-shaped structure, the upper end of the microorganism attaching base is connected with the floating ball, and the lower end of the microorganism attaching base is connected with the gravel bag; the distribution density of the microorganism attaching bases is 4-6 strains/m2。
5. The complex habitat system for improving the water quality of a high-flow-rate high-sand channel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the transverse length of the permeable wall relative to the channel to the width of the channel is 1: 2-2: and 3, the permeable wall is 0.1-0.2 m higher than the normal water level of the river channel.
6. The composite habitat system for improving the water quality of a high-flow-rate and high-sand river as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of the permeable walls are arranged at equal intervals, and the arrangement distance between two adjacent permeable walls is 15-20 m.
7. The habitat system of claim 1, wherein the pre-purification area comprises fouling resistant pioneer species submerged plants comprising hydrilla verticillata, elodea aegypti; the planting density of the hydrilla verticillata is 40-50 plants/m2The planting density of the waterweeds is 30-40 strains/m2。
8. The composite habitat system for improving water quality of a high-flow-rate and high-sand river as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transition area comprises laid crushed stone, the particle size of the crushed stone is 20-30 mm, and the thickness of the laid crushed stone is 30-40 mm.
9. The composite habitat system for improving the water quality of a high-flow-rate high-sand river as claimed in claim 1, wherein the advanced treatment area comprises long-acting purification seed submerged plants and benthonic animals, the long-acting purification seed submerged plants comprise tape grass, hornwort and potamogeton pectinifera, and the planting density of the tape grass is 40-50 plants/m2The planting density of the golden fish algae is 30-340 strains/m2The planting density of the potamogeton pectinatus is 20-30 plants/m2(ii) a The benthonic animals comprise the periwinkle aeruginosa and the anodonta denticulata, and the throwing density of the periwinkle aeruginosa is 80-3100 g/m2The throwing density of the anodonta woodiana is 50-360 g/m2。
10. The composite habitat system for improving water quality of a high-flow-rate and high-sand river according to claim 1, wherein the composite habitat system is applied to a water environment restoration governing project, or the composite habitat system is applied to a river ecological restoration governing project.
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| CN115478511A (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2022-12-16 | 陕西省环境科学研究院 | Composite habitat system for improving water quality of high-flow-rate and high-sand-content riverway |
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