CN113321313B - Composite habitat system for improving water quality of high-flow-rate high-sand-content river channel - Google Patents
Composite habitat system for improving water quality of high-flow-rate high-sand-content river channel Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 209
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- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 35
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 66
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- JYIBXUUINYLWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;calcium;potassium;silicon;sodium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Na].[Al].[Si].[K].[Ca] JYIBXUUINYLWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910001603 clinoptilolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
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- 241000252229 Carassius auratus Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 241001311547 Patina Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 241001113556 Elodea Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000382840 Hyriopsis cumingii Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compound habitat system for improving the water quality of a high-flow-rate high-sand-content river channel, which comprises a plurality of water permeable walls perpendicular to the water flow direction of the river channel, wherein two adjacent water permeable walls are respectively fixed on two opposite sides of the river channel; the river sediment purifying device comprises a preposed purifying area, a transition area and a deep treatment area which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction of a river, wherein a microorganism attaching base system is used for preposed interception of sediment in incoming water, the preposed purifying area is used for preposed purification of the water quality of the incoming water, the transition area is used for middle transition of the incoming water, suspended substances are further reduced, the deep treatment area is used for carrying out final purification on the incoming water, the water quality of the river is thoroughly improved, and the high sediment content is improved; the permeable wall can redirect natural water flow into Z-shaped flow state, slow down high-speed water flow into low-speed water flow, reduce scouring action on river levees and bottom materials, and digest pollutants in water while permeating water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of river water quality restoration, in particular to a compound habitat system for improving the water quality of a high-flow-rate high-sand-content river channel.
Background
With the increasing shortage of water resources, especially to meet the increasing shortage of water resources in daily life, there have been increasing instances in recent years of introducing and purifying water resources in rivers. The sediment content of the river channel is generally higher under the influence of factors such as environment, artificial over development and the like. The water in the river is mixed with a large amount of sediment and pollutants, so that great difficulty is brought to the work of treating the drinking water.
The main reasons for the high sand content in rivers are: the aquatic plant has little biomass; the high flow velocity water flow has strong scouring effect on river levees and bottom materials; rainfall scour forms surface runoff to carry in sediment. The main hazards caused by high sand content in rivers are as follows: the river water quality is affected, the riverway is silted up to raise the riverbed, the natural water ecosystem of the riverway is destroyed, and the river water is difficult to be cited.
At present, as long as the sediment separation device is arranged in the river channel, the technical means has the problems of higher input cost, high equipment installation difficulty, high equipment maintenance cost and the like, has a very small effect on the river with high flow velocity, has poor ecology and is not beneficial to the recovery of the self-cleaning ecological system of the river.
The Chinese patent application No. CN201711445036.0 discloses an ecological management system suitable for a high-sand-content river channel on the day 26 of the year 06 in 2018, which comprises a film hanging unit and an ecological system unit, wherein the film hanging unit is composed of at least two artificial aquatic weed groups which are arranged in parallel, the artificial aquatic weed groups are vertically arranged with revetments, two adjacent artificial aquatic weed groups are respectively connected with the revetments on the opposite sides of the artificial aquatic weed groups, a water flow channel is arranged between the artificial aquatic weed groups and the revetments, and the water flow channel extends in a Z shape; the ecological system unit is divided into three areas along the extending direction of the river channel by two rows of parallel diversion isolation nets. The membrane hanging unit can slow down the flow rate of a river channel to a certain extent, is beneficial to sedimentation of larger suspended matters such as sediment, particles and the like in a water body, and primarily sediments the particles in the upstream incoming water; the patent solution has the following drawbacks: (1) The artificial aquatic weed group has certain adsorption capacity, but has single adsorption function, can only simply treat sediment, and has limited water flow treatment capacity for various pollutants; (2) The artificial aquatic weed group needs to be frequently replaced with aquatic weeds, so that the maintenance is inconvenient and the labor cost is high; (3) The artificial aquatic weed group and the ecological system unit are separately arranged, so that the processing capacity of the ecological system is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the problems in the prior art, and provides a compound habitat system for improving the water quality of a high-flow-rate sand-containing river, wherein a permeable wall can redirect natural water flow into a Z-shaped flow state, slow down high-speed water flow into low-speed water flow, reduce the scouring effect on river levees and bottom materials, and a permeable structure which is favorable for root growth of aquatic plants and mineral filling can form a microenvironment for digesting pollutants, and the permeable wall can digest the pollutants in water at the same time of permeable.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the compound habitat system for improving the water quality of the high-flow-rate high-sand-content river channel comprises a plurality of permeable walls perpendicular to the water flow direction of the river channel, wherein the plurality of permeable walls are alternately arranged on the two sides of the river channel in a staggered manner, one end of each permeable wall is fixed with one side of the river channel, and a microorganism adhesion base system is arranged between the other end of each permeable wall and the other side of the river channel; the device comprises a front purification area, a transition area and a deep treatment area which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction of a river channel, wherein the front purification area is arranged between a first permeable wall and a second permeable wall, the transition area is arranged between the second permeable wall and a third permeable wall, and the deep treatment area is arranged between the third permeable wall and a fourth permeable wall; the microorganism adheres to base system and is used for carrying out leading interception to the silt in the incoming water, leading purification zone is used for playing leading purification effect to the quality of incoming water, the transition zone is used for playing the intermediate transition effect to the incoming water, further reduces suspended matter, the advanced treatment zone is used for playing final purification effect to the incoming water, makes river water quality obtain thorough promotion, improves high sand content.
In the scheme, two adjacent permeable walls are respectively fixed on two opposite sides of a river channel, namely, two sides of the river channel are staggered, the permeable walls have a function of buffering water flow, so that the flow speed of the water flow is reduced when the water flow passes through the permeable walls, the flow speed of the water flow flowing through a microorganism adhesion base system is higher than that of the water flow flowing through the permeable walls, a Z-shaped flow state is formed, the high-speed water flow is buffered to be low-speed water flow after a plurality of permeable walls are buffered for a plurality of times, the scouring function of river banks and substrates is reduced, the root growth of aquatic plants is facilitated, and the mineral filled permeable structure can form a microenvironment for digesting the pollutants in water.
The microorganism attaching base system can effectively perform a front interception function on sediment in incoming water; the preposed purification area can play a preposed purification role on the water quality of incoming water, and the water quality condition is primarily improved; the transition zone can play a role in intermediate transition to incoming water, so that suspended substances are further reduced; the advanced treatment area plays a final purification role on the incoming water, so that the river water quality is thoroughly improved, and the conditions of high sand content and the like are improved.
The structure of the whole system meets the habitat requirements of aquatic animals and plants, the living environment of aquatic animals and plants in the high-flow-rate high-sand-content river channel can be effectively improved, and the biodiversity is improved.
Further, the water permeable wall comprises an outer frame consisting of gabion nets, the lower end of the outer frame extends to the bottom of a river channel, the outer frame is fixed by a steel pipe column, the lower end of the steel pipe column is fixed to the bottom of the river channel, and a filler is arranged in the outer frame.
Further, the filler comprises volcanic rock, clinoptilolite and limestone, wherein the mass ratio of the volcanic rock to the clinoptilolite is 1:1-1:3, and the mass ratio of the clinoptilolite to the limestone is 2:1-3:1; the particle size of the filler is 40-50 mm, and the aperture of the outer frame is 20x40 mm-30 x50mm.
The clinoptilolite is used for treating organic pollutants, the limestone is used for removing inorganic pollutants, the volcanic rock is used for treating municipal sewage, industrial wastewater and domestic sewage, and the filling proportion of the three mineral stones is adjusted to adapt to different sewage qualities needing to be treated.
Further, the microorganism attaching base system comprises a floating ball, a microorganism attaching base and a broken stone bag, wherein the microorganism attaching base is of a strip-shaped structure, the upper end of the microorganism attaching base is connected with the floating ball, and the lower end of the microorganism attaching base is connected with the broken stone bag; the distribution density of the microorganism adhesion matrix is 4-6 strains/m 2 . The floating ball floats on the water surface, and the broken stone bag sinks on the river bottom, so that microorganism adhesion base is prevented from being entangled.
Further, the ratio of the transverse length of the permeable wall relative to the river channel to the width of the river channel is 1: 2-2: and 3, the water permeable wall is 0.1-0.2 m higher than the normal water level of the river channel. By increasing the length of the permeable wall, the water flow velocity retarding effect of the permeable wall on water flow velocity can be improved.
Furthermore, a plurality of the water permeable walls are arranged at equal intervals, and the arrangement interval between two adjacent water permeable walls is 15-20 m. Through adjusting the interval of the water permeable walls, the area of the corresponding treatment area between the adjacent water permeable walls can be adjusted, and the treatment effect of the area is increased.
Further, the front purification area comprises a pollution-resistant pioneer seed submerged plant, and the pollution-resistant pioneer seed submerged plant comprises black algae and waterweed; wherein the planting density of the black algae is 40-50 plants/m 2 The planting density of the Haematococcus is 30-40 plants/m 2 。
Further, the transition zone comprises paved gravels, the particle size of the gravels is 20-30 mm, and the paving thickness of the gravels is 30-40 mm.
Further, the advanced treatment area comprises long-acting purified seed submerged plants and benthic animals, wherein the long-acting purified seed submerged plants comprise kusnezoff monkshood, goldfish algae and gynura bicolor, and the planting density of the kusnezoff monkshood is 40-50 plants/m 2 The planting density of the goldfish algae is 30-40 strains/m 2 The planting density of the gynura divaricata is 20-30 plants/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The benthonic animal comprises patina ring conch and conch without tooth, the putting density of the patina ring conch is 80-3100 g/m 2 The putting density of the hyriopsis cumingii is 50-360 g/m 2 。
Furthermore, the composite habitat system can be used for water environment restoration and treatment engineering and river ecological restoration and treatment engineering.
The composite habitat system for improving the water quality of the high-flow-rate high-sand-content river channel is applied to a river channel with a section width of 15m, an average water depth of 1.8m, a length of 5km and a water flow speed of 3.2m/s in Zhengzhou city, and has the following layout forms: the length of the permeable wall is 10m, the width is 1.5m, the arrangement interval is 20m, and the permeable wall is 0.1m higher than the normal water level of the river channel; the mass ratio of volcanic rock to clinoptilolite filled in the water permeable wall is 1:1, the mass ratio of clinoptilolite to limestone is 2:1, and the particle size is 40mm; the aperture of the gabion mesh of the outer frame of the water permeable wall is 20 multiplied by 40mm; the distribution density of microorganism attachment matrix is 4 strain/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The planting density of the black algae and the waterweed in the front purification area is 40 plants/m respectively 2 30 plants/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The particle size of broken stone in the transition area is 20mm, and the paving thickness is 40mm; planting density of herba Sonchi Oleracei, goldfish algae and herba Equiseti Arvinsis in advanced treatment area40 plants/m 2 30 plants/m 2 30 plants/m 2 The stocking density of the conch with the patina ring and the hyriopsis cumingii is 100g/m respectively 2 、50g/m 2 . After the river course lays the compound habitat system for 4 months, the water quality data of the river course starts to change obviously: ammonia nitrogen in water is reduced to 1.583mg/L from 3.254mg/L, TN is reduced to 1.72mg/L from 4.36mg/L, transparency is improved to 120cm from 62cm, turbidity is reduced to 4.24NTU from 15.72NTU, DO is improved to 4.8mg/L from 2.14mg/L, water flow rate is reduced to about 1.1m/s, river bottom submerged plant coverage is improved to 58% from 23% before, and richness of aquatic animals is obviously increased.
The composite habitat system for improving the water quality of the high-flow-rate high-sand-content river channel is applied to a river channel with a section width of 20m, an average water depth of 2.2m, a length of 10km and a water flow speed of 2.5m/s in Guizhou city, and has the following layout forms: the length of the permeable wall is 10m, the width is 2m, the arrangement interval is 20m, and the permeable wall is 0.2m higher than the normal water level of the river channel; the mass ratio of volcanic rock to clinoptilolite filled in the water permeable wall is 1:3, the mass ratio of clinoptilolite to limestone is 3:1, and the particle size is about 50mm; the aperture of the gabion mesh of the outer frame of the water permeable wall is 30 multiplied by 50mm; the distribution density of the microorganism attachment matrix is 6 strains/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The planting density of the black algae and the waterweed in the front purification area is 50 strains/m respectively 2 40 plants/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The particle size of broken stone in the transition area is 30mm, and the paving thickness is 30mm; the planting density of the herba picrorhizae, the Goldfish algae and the Equisetum sinense in the deep treatment area is 50 plants/m respectively 2 40 plants/m 2 20 plants/m 2 The stocking density of the conch with the patina ring and the hyriopsis cumingii is 80g/m respectively 2 、60g/m 2 . After the river course lays the compound habitat system for 4 months, the water quality data of the river course starts to change obviously: ammonia nitrogen in water is reduced to 1.93mg/L from 3.94mg/L before, TN is reduced to 1.62mg/L from 3.96mg/L, transparency is improved to 107cm from 48cm, turbidity is reduced to 6.24NTU from 17.72NTU, DO is improved to 4.64mg/L from 2.54mg/L, water flow rate is reduced to about 0.8m/s, river bottom submerged plant coverage is improved to 60% from 26% before, and aquatic animal richness is obviously increased.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The permeable wall can redirect natural water flow into Z-shaped flow state, slow down high-speed water flow into low-speed water flow, reduce the scouring action on river levees and substrates, be favorable for the rooting growth of aquatic plants, and the mineral filled permeable structure can form microenvironment for eliminating pollutants, so that the permeable wall plays a role in eliminating pollutants in water while permeating water;
(2) The water permeable wall is combined with each ecological treatment area, and can transversely flow through each ecological treatment area in the process of Z-shaped water flow, so that compared with the scheme in the prior art (the water flow directly flows through the ecological treatment areas), the contact range of the water flow and the ecological treatment areas is increased, the construction space is saved, and the cost is reduced;
(3) The permeable wall is combined with the microorganism adhesion base system, so that sediment in incoming water can be effectively intercepted in advance.
(4) The microorganism adhesion base system can effectively perform a front interception function on sediment in incoming water; the preposed purification area can play a preposed purification role on the water quality of incoming water, and the water quality condition is primarily improved; the transition zone can play a role in intermediate transition to incoming water, so that suspended substances are further reduced; the advanced treatment area plays a role in final purification of the incoming water, so that the river water quality is thoroughly improved, and the conditions of high sand content and the like are improved;
(5) The structure of the whole system meets the habitat requirements of aquatic animals and plants, the living environment of aquatic animals and plants in the high-flow-rate high-sand-content river channel can be effectively improved, and the biodiversity is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a compound habitat system of the present invention for enhancing the quality of water in high flow rate and high sand-laden waterways;
FIG. 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the water permeable wall and microorganism attachment based system of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a steel pipe column; 2. a water permeable wall; 201. a first water permeable wall; 202. a second water permeable wall; 203. a third water permeable wall; 204. a fourth water permeable wall; 3. gabion mesh; 4. a floating ball; 5. a pre-purification zone; 6. a transition zone; 7. a deep treatment zone; 8. river banks; 9. a microorganism-attaching group; 10. a stone breaking bag; 11. river bottom.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made more apparent and fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden on the person of ordinary skill in the art based on embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "horizontal," "vertical," and the like, as used herein, refer to an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description and to simplify the description, and do not denote or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be configured and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, a compound habitat system for improving the water quality of a high-flow-rate high-sand-content river channel comprises a plurality of water permeable walls 2 perpendicular to the water flow direction of the river channel, wherein the water permeable walls 2 are alternately arranged on two sides of the river channel in a staggered manner, one end of each water permeable wall 2 is fixed with one side of the river channel 8, and a microorganism adhesion base system is arranged between the other end of each water permeable wall 2 and the other side of the river channel 8; the device comprises a front purification zone 5, a transition zone 6 and a deep treatment zone 7 which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction of a river, wherein the front purification zone 5 is arranged between a first water permeable wall 201 and a second water permeable wall 202, the transition zone 6 is arranged between the second water permeable wall 202 and a third water permeable wall 203, and the deep treatment zone 7 is arranged between the third water permeable wall 203 and a fourth water permeable wall 204; the microorganism adheres to base system and is used for carrying out leading interception to the silt in the incoming water, leading purification zone 5 is used for playing leading purification effect to the quality of incoming water, transition zone 6 is used for playing the intermediate transition effect to the incoming water, further reduces suspended matter, advanced treatment zone 7 is used for playing final purification effect to the incoming water, makes river water quality obtain thorough promotion, improves high sand content.
In the scheme, two adjacent water permeable walls 2 are respectively fixed on two opposite sides of a river channel 8, namely, two sides of the river channel are staggered, the water permeable walls 2 have a function of retarding water flow, so that the flow speed of the water flow is reduced when the water flow passes through the water permeable walls 2, the flow speed of the water flow flowing through a microorganism adhesion base system is higher than that of the water flow flowing through the water permeable walls 2, a Z-shaped flow state is formed, the high-speed water flow is retarded into low-speed water flow after the water flow is retarded for a plurality of times through a plurality of water permeable walls 2, the scouring effect on river levees and substrates is reduced, the root-adhering growth of aquatic plants and the water permeable structure filled with minerals can form a microenvironment for digesting the pollutants, and the water is digested while the pollutants in the water are digested.
In addition, the key point of the invention is that the water permeable wall is combined with each ecological treatment area, and can transversely flow through each ecological treatment area in the process of Z-shaped water flow, so that compared with the scheme in the prior art (the water flow directly flows through the ecological treatment areas), the contact range of the water flow and the ecological treatment areas is increased, the construction space is saved, and the cost is reduced.
The permeable wall is combined with the microorganism adhesion base system, so that sediment in incoming water can be effectively intercepted in advance.
The ecological treatment area comprises a pre-purification area 5, a transition area 6 and a deep treatment area 7, wherein the pre-purification area 5 can perform a pre-purification function on the quality of incoming water, and the water quality condition is primarily improved; the transition zone 6 can play an intermediate transition role on incoming water, so that suspended substances are further reduced; the advanced treatment area 7 plays a final purification role on the incoming water, so that the river water quality is thoroughly improved, and the conditions of high sand content and the like are improved.
The structure of the whole system meets the habitat requirements of aquatic animals and plants, the living environment of aquatic animals and plants in the high-flow-rate high-sand-content river channel can be effectively improved, and the biodiversity is improved.
Further, the water permeable wall 2 comprises an outer frame consisting of gabion nets 3, the lower end of the outer frame extends to the bottom of a river channel, the outer frame is fixed by a steel pipe column 1, the lower end of the steel pipe column 1 is fixed to the bottom of the river channel, and a filler is arranged in the outer frame.
Further, the filler comprises volcanic rock, clinoptilolite and limestone, wherein the mass ratio of the volcanic rock to the clinoptilolite is 1:1-1:3, and the mass ratio of the clinoptilolite to the limestone is 2:1-3:1; the particle size of the filler is 40-50 mm, and the aperture of the outer frame is 20x40 mm-30 x50mm.
The clinoptilolite is used for treating organic pollutants, the limestone is used for removing inorganic pollutants, the volcanic rock is used for treating municipal sewage, industrial wastewater and domestic sewage, and the filling proportion of the three mineral stones is adjusted to adapt to different sewage qualities needing to be treated.
Further, the microorganism attaching base system comprises a floating ball 4, a microorganism attaching base 9 and a broken stone bag 10, wherein the microorganism attaching base 9 is of a strip-shaped structure, the upper end of the microorganism attaching base 9 is connected with the floating ball 4, and the lower end of the microorganism attaching base is connected with the broken stone bag 10; the distribution density of the microorganism adhesion matrix is 4-6 strains/m 2 . The floating ball 4 floats on the water surface, and the broken stone bag 10 sinks on the river bottom 11, so that microorganism adhesion bases are prevented from being entangled.
Further, the ratio of the transverse length of the water permeable wall 2 relative to the river channel to the width of the river channel is 1: 2-2: and 3, the water permeable wall 2 is higher than the normal water level of the river channel by 0.1-0.2 m. By increasing the length of the water permeable wall 2, the water permeable wall 2 can have an improved effect of retarding the flow velocity of water.
Furthermore, the water permeable walls 2 are equidistantly arranged, and the arrangement distance between two adjacent water permeable walls 2 is 15-20 m. By adjusting the distance between the water permeable walls 2, the area of the corresponding treatment area between the adjacent water permeable walls 2 can be adjusted, and the treatment effect of the area can be increased.
Further, the pre-purification zone 5 comprises a sewage-resistant pioneer seed submerged plant, wherein the sewage-resistant pioneer seed submerged plant comprises black algae and waterweed; wherein the planting density of the black algae is 40-50 plants/m 2 The planting density of the Haematococcus is 30-40 plants/m 2 。
Further, the transition zone 6 comprises crushed stones which are paved, the particle size of the crushed stones is 20-30 mm, and the paving thickness of the crushed stones is 30-40 mm.
Further, the deep treatment area 7 comprises long-acting purified seed submerged plants and benthic animals, wherein the long-acting purified seed submerged plants comprise herba picrorhizae, goldfish algae and gynura divaricata, and the planting density of the herba picrorhizae is 40-50 plants/m 2 The planting density of the goldfish algae is 30-340 strains/m 2 The planting density of the gynura divaricata is 20-30 plants/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The benthonic animal comprises patina ring conch and conch without tooth, the putting density of the patina ring conch is 80-3100 g/m 2 The putting density of the hyriopsis cumingii is 50-360 g/m 2 。
Furthermore, the composite habitat system can be used for water environment restoration and treatment engineering and river ecological restoration and treatment engineering.
The compound habitat system for improving the water quality of the high-flow-rate high-sand-content river channel is applied to a river channel with a section width of 15m, an average water depth of 1.8m, a length of 5km and a water flow speed of 3.2m/s in Zhengzhou city, and has the following layout forms: the length of the water permeable wall 2 is 10m, the width is 1.5m, the arrangement interval is 20m, and the water level is 0.1m higher than the normal water level of the river channel; the mass ratio of volcanic rock to clinoptilolite filled in the water permeable wall 2 is 1:1, the mass ratio of clinoptilolite to limestone is 2:1, and the particle size is 40mm; the aperture of the gabion mesh 3 of the outer frame of the water permeable wall is 20 multiplied by 40mm; the microorganism-adhering matrix 9 had a distribution density of 4 strains/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The planting density of the black algae and the waterweed in the front purification area 5 is 40 strains/m respectively 2 30 plants/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The particle size of broken stone in the transition zone 6 is 20mm, and the paving thickness is 40mm; the planting density of the herba Sonchi Oleracei, the Goldfish algae and the Equisetum sinense in the deep treatment area 7 is 40 plants/m respectively 2 30 plants/m 2 30 plants/m 2 The stocking density of the conch with the patina ring and the hyriopsis cumingii is 100g/m respectively 2 、50g/m 2 . After the river course lays the compound habitat system for 4 months, the water quality data of the river course starts to change obviously: the ammonia nitrogen in the water is reduced to 1.583mg/L from 3.254mg/L before, and TN is reduced to 1.7 from 4.36mg/L2mg/L, the transparency is improved from 62cm to 120cm, the turbidity is reduced from 15.72NTU to 4.24NTU, the DO is improved from 2.14mg/L to 4.8mg/L, the water flow rate is reduced to about 1.1m/s, the river bottom submerged plant coverage is improved from 23% to 58%, and the richness of aquatic animals is obviously increased.
Example 2
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the compound habitat system for improving the water quality of the high-flow-rate high-sand-content river is applied to a river channel with a section width of 20m, an average water depth of 2.2m, a length of 10km and a water flow speed of 2.5m/s in Guizhou city, and the layout form is as follows: the length of the water permeable wall 2 is 10m, the width is 2m, the arrangement interval is 20m, and the water permeable wall is 0.2m higher than the normal water level of the river channel; the mass ratio of volcanic rock to clinoptilolite filled in the water permeable wall 2 is 1:3, the mass ratio of clinoptilolite to limestone is 3:1, and the particle size is about 50mm; the aperture of the gabion mesh 3 of the outer frame of the water permeable wall 2 is 30 multiplied by 50mm; the microorganism-adhering matrix 9 had a distribution density of 6 strains/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The planting densities of the black algae and the waterweed in the front purification area 5 are respectively 50 strains/m 2 40 plants/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The particle size of broken stone in the transition zone 6 is 30mm, and the paving thickness is 30mm; the planting density of the herba Sonchi Oleracei, the Goldfish algae and the Equisetum sinense in the deep treatment area 7 is 50 plants/m respectively 2 40 plants/m 2 20 plants/m 2 The stocking density of the conch with the patina ring and the hyriopsis cumingii is 80g/m respectively 2 、60g/m 2 . After the river course lays the compound habitat system for 4 months, the water quality data of the river course starts to change obviously: ammonia nitrogen in water is reduced to 1.93mg/L from 3.94mg/L before, TN is reduced to 1.62mg/L from 3.96mg/L, transparency is improved to 107cm from 48cm, turbidity is reduced to 6.24NTU from 17.72NTU, DO is improved to 4.64mg/L from 2.54mg/L, water flow rate is reduced to about 0.8m/s, river bottom submerged plant coverage is improved to 60% from 26% before, and aquatic animal richness is obviously increased.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The compound habitat system for improving the water quality of the high-flow-rate high-sand-content river channel is characterized by comprising a plurality of permeable walls perpendicular to the water flow direction of the river channel, wherein the plurality of permeable walls are alternately arranged on the two sides of the river channel in a staggered manner, one end of each permeable wall is fixed with one side of the river channel, and a microorganism adhesion base system is arranged between the other end of each permeable wall and the other side of the river channel; the water permeable wall comprises an outer frame formed by gabion mesh, wherein a filler is arranged in the outer frame, the filler comprises volcanic rock, clinoptilolite and limestone, the mass ratio of the volcanic rock to the clinoptilolite is 1:1-1:3, and the mass ratio of the clinoptilolite to the limestone is 2:1-3:1; the microorganism attaching base system comprises a floating ball, a microorganism attaching base and a broken stone bag, wherein the microorganism attaching base is of a strip-shaped structure, the upper end of the microorganism attaching base is connected with the floating ball, and the lower end of the microorganism attaching base is connected with the broken stone bag; the device comprises a first permeable wall, a second permeable wall, a third permeable wall, a front purification area, a transition area and a deep treatment area, wherein the front purification area, the transition area and the deep treatment area are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction of a river channel, the front purification area is arranged between the first permeable wall and the second permeable wall, the transition area is arranged between the second permeable wall and the third permeable wall, and the deep treatment area is arranged between the third permeable wall and the fourth permeable wall; the front purification area comprises a sewage-resistant pioneer seed submerged plant; the transition zone comprises paved gravels; the advanced treatment area comprises a long-acting purifying seed submerged plant and benthonic animals; the microorganism adheres to base system and is used for carrying out leading interception to the silt in the water that comes, leading purification zone is used for carrying out leading purification to the quality of water that comes, the transition zone is used for carrying out intermediate transition to the water that comes, further reduces suspended solid, the advanced treatment district is used for carrying out final purification to the water that comes, makes river quality of water obtain thorough promotion, improves high sand content.
2. The composite habitat system of claim 1 wherein the lower end of the outer frame extends to the bottom of the river channel and is secured by a steel pipe column, the lower end of the steel pipe column being secured to the bottom of the river channel.
3. The composite habitat system for improving the water quality of high-flow-rate high-sand-content waterways according to claim 2, wherein the particle size of the filler is 40-50 mm, and the pore diameter of the outer frame is 20x40 mm-30 x50mm.
4. The composite habitat system for improving the water quality of high-flow-rate and high-sand-containing waterways of claim 1, wherein said microorganism-attached substrate has a layout density of 4-6 plants/m 2 。
5. The composite habitat system of claim 1 for enhancing the quality of high flow rate high sand containing waterways, wherein said water permeable wall has a ratio of a lateral length relative to the waterway to a width of the waterway of 1: 2-2: and 3, the water permeable wall is 0.1-0.2 m higher than the normal water level of the river channel.
6. The compound habitat system for improving the water quality of a high-flow-rate high-sand-content river channel according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of water permeable walls are arranged at equal intervals, and the arrangement interval between two adjacent water permeable walls is 15-20 m.
7. The composite habitat system of claim 1 for enhancing the quality of high flow rate high sand containing waterways, wherein said fouling resistant pioneer submerged plants comprise black algae, waterweed; the planting density of the black algae is 40-50 plants/m 2 The planting density of the waterweed is 30-40 plants/m 2 。
8. The composite habitat system of claim 1 for enhancing the quality of high flow rate and high sand-laden waterways, wherein said crushed stone has a particle size of 20 to 30mm and a thickness of 30 to 40mm.
9. The compound habitat system for improving the water quality of high-flow-rate high-sand-content waterways according to claim 1, wherein the long-acting purification submerged plants comprise herba picrorhizae, goldfish algae and herba leonuri, and the planting density of the herba picrorhizae is 40-50 plants/m 2 The planting density of the goldfish algae is 30-340 strains/m 2 The planting density of the gynura divaricata is 20-30 plants/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The benthonic animal comprises patina ring conch and conch without tooth, the putting density of the patina ring conch is 80-3100 g/m 2 The putting density of the hyriopsis cumingii is 50-360 g/m 2 。
10. The composite habitat system for enhancing the quality of water in high-flow high-sand-containing waterways of claim 1, wherein said composite habitat system is applied to a water environment remediation process or said composite habitat system is applied to a river ecology remediation process.
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