CN113317411B - Oregano essential oil-containing feed capable of improving slaughtering performance of Luhua chickens - Google Patents

Oregano essential oil-containing feed capable of improving slaughtering performance of Luhua chickens Download PDF

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CN113317411B
CN113317411B CN202110744138.2A CN202110744138A CN113317411B CN 113317411 B CN113317411 B CN 113317411B CN 202110744138 A CN202110744138 A CN 202110744138A CN 113317411 B CN113317411 B CN 113317411B
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吴涛
赵生国
魏玉明
杨发荣
江小帆
黄杰
陈国顺
焦婷
蔡原
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Gansu Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention provides an origanum essential oil-containing feed for improving slaughtering performance of Luhua chickens, and belongs to the field of poultry farming feeds. The feed comprises the following raw materials of corn, wheat middling, quinoa, peeled soybean meal, stone powder, calcium hydrophosphate, feed-grade sodium chloride, compound premix, zeolite powder and origanum essential oil additive 0-0.015%, wherein the origanum essential oil additive is prepared from origanum essential oil, attapulgite, limestone and diatomite according to a weight ratio of 3:75:12:10 weight ratio. The oregano essential oil, the quinoa and other multiple special plant components are added in the feed, so that the feed has the effect of promoting growth when fed to the giant reed chickens in the growing period, when the addition amount of the oregano essential oil is 50mg/kg, the slaughtering performance of the giant reed chickens is obviously improved, the meat production capacity of the giant reed chickens is improved, the digestive function of the giant reed chickens is positively acted, the intestinal morphology and structure of the giant reed chickens are protected and maintained, and the giant reed chickens are not easy to cause diseases and are safer and healthier than the existing feed containing the growth-promoting medicine feed additive.

Description

Oregano essential oil-containing feed capable of improving slaughtering performance of Luhua chickens
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of poultry raising feeds, and particularly relates to an oregano essential oil-containing feed for improving slaughtering performance of Luhua chickens.
Background
In recent years, the phenomenon of abuse of antibiotics is increasingly prominent, the health and environmental protection of people and animals are seriously affected, and healthy cultivation has become a major concern in the development of animal husbandry. The production of commercial feeds containing growth-promoting drug feed additives (except for traditional Chinese medicines) has been clearly announced by feed manufacturers in China. Therefore, it is urgent to find efficient, green, safe alternatives to feeding antibiotics.
The Luhua chicken is a native chicken species in China, and the main production area is Shandong Wen county. The nutrition components of the feed are 3-4 times of those of common Chinese-style chickens in 5 months of growing period. The feed for the giant reed chickens has wide chain, strong disease resistance, easy feeding, low feeding cost and good meat quality, so that the giant reed chickens have wide prospect. The feeding division of the chicken growth stage is divided into four stages: (1) In the brooding stage, from the shell emergence to the first twenty days, the feed is expanded feed, and the feed is preferably burnt in the places without expanded feed, and is fed by air-drying, so that intestinal diseases are reduced; (2) The first raising stage is completed in twenty days after the raising stage is completed, 20% of green feed can be added in the twenty days of raising stage, and various vegetables contain a large amount of vitamins and various nutritional ingredients, so that the delicious and edible properties of the Luhua chickens are greatly increased, and the production cost is greatly reduced; (3) In the breeding stage of the breeding period, the addition amount of various green feeds in the generating period can reach about 45 percent from the period of three months after the initial breeding stage; the humidity of the mixed materials is well mastered, and the mixed materials are not scattered and dripped in hands; (4) The green feed is scientifically reduced to about 35% in the feeding stage of the egg laying period.
The origanum essential oil is an aromatic plant essential oil extracted from origanum vulgare (Origa-num vulgare L.), has the main chemical components of carvacrol and thymol, and has various functions of resisting bacteria, diminishing inflammation, resisting oxidation, enhancing organism immunity, improving animal productivity and the like. The oregano essential oil has no toxic or side effect and no drug resistance, has the characteristics of nature, environmental protection, safety and the like, and has the efficacy of potentially replacing antibiotics.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the oregano essential oil-containing feed capable of improving the slaughtering performance of reed chickens, and the feed can improve the growth performance of the reed chickens in the growing period and remarkably improve the slaughtering performance of the reed chickens.
In order to achieve the aim, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the oregano essential oil-containing feed for improving the slaughtering performance of the Luhua chickens is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-68% of corn, 2-6% of wheat middling, 7-9% of quinoa, 17-23% of peeled soybean meal, 1-1.5% of stone powder, 1-1.5% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-0.4% of feed-grade sodium chloride, 0.8-1.2% of compound premix, 0.285-0.3% of zeolite powder and 0-0.015% of oregano essential oil additive, wherein the oregano essential oil additive is prepared from oregano essential oil, attapulgite, limestone and diatomite according to a proportion of 3:75:12:10 weight ratio.
Preferably, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the compound premix consists of VA158000IU,VD44000IU,VE500IU,VK39mg,VB 1 45mg，VB 2 125mg，VB 8 19mg，VB 12 0.24mg of nicotinamide 790mg, pantothenic acid 300mg, folic acid 9mg, D-biotin 2.9mg,Zn730mg,Fe1400mg,Mn980mg,Cu240mg,I14mg,Se4.8mg,Ca10%, naCl 5-13%, total phosphorus 3.5%, choline chloride 70000 mg, H 2 O≤8％。
Further, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the oregano essential oil-containing feed for improving slaughter performance of Luhua chickens is composed of the following raw materials in weight ratio: 64 percent of corn, 4 percent of wheat middling, 8 percent of quinoa, 20 percent of peeled soybean meal, 1.2 percent of stone powder, 1.2 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 percent of feed-grade sodium chloride, 1 percent of compound premix, 0.285-0.3 percent of zeolite powder and 0005-0.015 percent of oregano essential oil additive
Still further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the oregano essential oil-containing feed for improving slaughter performance of Luhua chickens is composed of the following raw materials in weight ratio: 64% of corn, 4% of wheat middling, 8% of quinoa, 20% of peeled soybean meal, 1.2% of stone powder, 1.2% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3% of feed-grade sodium chloride, 1% of compound premix, 0.295% of zeolite powder and 0.005% of oregano essential oil additive.
The invention also provides application of the origanum essential oil-containing feed for improving the slaughtering performance of the reed-tip chickens in the feeding of the reed-tip chickens in the growing period, and the feed can improve the slaughtering performance of the reed-tip chickens in the growing period, wherein the slaughtering performance is carcass weight, half-bore-free weight, full-bore-free weight, pectoral muscle weight, abdominal fat weight, slaughtering rate, half-bore-free rate, full-bore-free rate, pectoral muscle rate, leg muscle rate and abdominal fat rate.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: the origanum essential oil-containing feed for improving the slaughtering performance of the Luhua chickens is added with multiple special plant components such as origanum essential oil and quinoa, has the effect of promoting growth when being fed to the Luhua chickens in the breeding period, obviously improves the slaughtering performance of the Luhua chickens when the adding amount of the origanum essential oil is 50mg/kg, improves the meat production capacity of the Luhua chickens, has positive effects on the digestive function of the Luhua chickens, protects and maintains the intestinal morphological structure of the Luhua chickens, is not easy to cause diseases, and is safer and healthier than the existing feed containing the growth-promoting medicine feed additive.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
An origanum essential oil-containing feed for improving slaughtering performance of Luhua chickens comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 64% of corn, 4% of wheat middling, 8% of quinoa, 20% of peeled soybean meal, 1.2% of stone powder, 1.2% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3% of feed-grade sodium chloride, 1% of compound premix, 0.295% of zeolite powder and 0.005% of oregano essential oil additive; the compound premix consists of the following components of VA158000IU,VD44000IU,VE500IU,VK39mg,VB 1 45mg，VB 2 125mg，VB 8 19mg，VB 12 0.24mg, 790mg of nicotinamide, 300mg of pantothenic acid, 9mg of folic acid and 2.9mg,Zn730mg,Fe1400mg,Mn9 of D-biotin80mg,Cu240mg,I14mg,Se4.8mg,Ca10%, naCl 5-13%, total phosphorus 3.5%, choline chloride 7000mg, H 2 O is less than or equal to 8 percent; the oregano essential oil additive is prepared from oregano essential oil, attapulgite, limestone and diatomite according to a proportion of 3:75:12:10 weight ratio.
Example 2
An origanum essential oil-containing feed for improving slaughtering performance of Luhua chickens comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 64% of corn, 4% of wheat middling, 8% of quinoa, 20% of peeled soybean meal, 1.2% of stone powder, 1.2% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3% of feed-grade sodium chloride, 1% of compound premix, 0.29% of zeolite powder and 0.01% of oregano essential oil additive; the compound premix consists of the following components of VA158000IU,VD44000IU,VE500IU,VK39mg,VB 1 45mg，VB 2 125mg，VB 8 19mg，VB 12 0.24mg of nicotinamide 790mg, pantothenic acid 300mg, folic acid 9mg, D-biotin 2.9mg,Zn730mg,Fe1400mg,Mn980mg,Cu240mg,I14mg,Se4.8mg,Ca10%, naCl 5-13%, total phosphorus 3.5%, choline chloride 70000 mg, H 2 O is less than or equal to 8 percent; the oregano essential oil additive is prepared from oregano essential oil, attapulgite, limestone and diatomite according to a proportion of 3:75:12:10 weight ratio.
Example 3
An origanum essential oil-containing feed for improving slaughtering performance of Luhua chickens comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 64% of corn, 4% of wheat middling, 8% of quinoa, 20% of peeled soybean meal, 1.2% of stone powder, 1.2% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3% of feed-grade sodium chloride, 1% of compound premix, 0.285% of zeolite powder and 0.015% of oregano essential oil additive; the compound premix consists of the following components of VA158000IU,VD44000IU,VE500IU,VK39mg,VB 1 45mg，VB 2 125mg，VB 8 19mg，VB 12 0.24mg of nicotinamide 790mg, pantothenic acid 300mg, folic acid 9mg, D-biotin 2.9mg,Zn730mg,Fe1400mg,Mn980mg,Cu240mg,I14mg,Se4.8mg,Ca10%, naCl 5-13%, total phosphorus 3.5%, choline chloride 70000 mg, H 2 O is less than or equal to 8 percent; the oregano essential oil additive is prepared from oregano essential oil, attapulgite, limestone and diatomite according to a proportion of 3:75:12:10 weight ratio ofIs prepared by the following steps.
Comparative example 1
An origanum essential oil-containing feed for improving slaughtering performance of Luhua chickens comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 64% of corn, 4% of wheat middling, 8% of quinoa, 20% of peeled soybean meal, 1.2% of stone powder, 1.2% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3% of feed-grade sodium chloride, 1% of compound premix and 0.3% of zeolite powder; the compound premix consists of the following components of VA158000IU,VD44000IU,VE500IU,VK39mg,VB 1 45mg，VB 2 125mg，VB 8 19mg，VB 12 0.24mg of nicotinamide 790mg, pantothenic acid 300mg, folic acid 9mg, D-biotin 2.9mg,Zn730mg,Fe1400mg,Mn980mg,Cu240mg,I14mg,Se4.8mg,Ca10%, naCl 5-13%, total phosphorus 3.5%, choline chloride 70000 mg, H 2 O≤8％。
Test examples
1 materials and methods
1.1 test animals and test design
The test adopts a single factor complete random test design, and 120 healthy female giant chickens (weight 1478.75 +/-85.81 g) with the age of 49 days are selected and randomly divided into 4 treatment groups (3 replicates of each treatment and 10 chickens of each replicate), the control group is fed with the diet of comparative example 1, and test groups 1-3 are respectively fed with the test diet added with example 1, example 2 and example 3. The feeding test is carried out on a training base of the department of animal of Gansu agricultural university, and the diet in the whole test period is powder. Test period 75d, pre-test period 3d, positive test period 72d.
1.2 test diet and feeding management
1.2.1 diet nutrient level
The diet nutrition levels of the control group and the test groups 1-3 are shown in Table 1, and the nutrition levels are calculated values. Quinoa is provided by a high-cold test station of the Tianzhu quinoa of the academy of agricultural sciences of Gansu province; the basic diet is produced by Gansu Aolong feed technology Co., ltd according to the test formula.
TABLE 1 diet nutrient level (dry matter basis)%
1.2.2 feeding management
Before the test starts, the henhouse is thoroughly disinfected, and the henhouse is kept dry and clean and has good ventilation. The test chickens were checked for health and immunized, sterilized, numbered and weighed. During the test period, the animals were fed twice daily at regular intervals (07:00 and 15:00) and were fed ad libitum and drinking water.
1.3 measurement index and method
1.3.1 growth Properties
During the test period, the test chickens were weighed by each group at 58 days of age and 121 days of age, respectively. Stopping the material for 12 hours before weighing, and stopping water. And counting the total feed intake of 58-121 days old, and calculating the Average Daily Gain (ADG), average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI) and feed weight ratio (F/G) of the broiler chickens.
1.3.2 slaughter Properties
On test day 75, 2 healthy giant chickens close to the average weight are selected from each group of different repetitions, the neck is bled and fattened after weighing, dehairing is carried out, slaughter measurement is carried out after draining, the slaughter weight is called by reference to the main code of Yang Ning, and the total evisceration, the half evisceration, the pectoral muscle, the leg muscle and the internal organs are dissected; and calculating the slaughter rate, the half-bore rate, the full-bore rate, the pectoral muscle rate and the lateral leg muscle rate. The correlation calculation formula refers to Sun Houfa test method.
1.3.3 determination of organ index
The heart, liver, lung, kidney, pancreas, adenoma stomach, myostomach, spleen, bursa of fabricius, thymus were weighed and organ indices were calculated.
Organ index (%) = fresh organ weight (g)/pre-slaughter live weight (g) x 100.
1.3.4 intestinal tissue morphology
After slaughter, the duodenum, jejunum and ileum are separated, the middle section of each intestinal tract is cut for 1-2 cm, physiological saline is used for cleaning intestinal chyme, then the intestinal chyme is put into a test tube with a plug and is stored, the test tube is sent to Wohan Severe biological limited company for tabletting, the height of the Villus (Vilus height, VH) and the depth of the Crypt Depth (CD) are measured by observing a Motic-BA210 microscope, and the height of the Villus/the depth of the Crypt depth (V/C) is calculated.
1.4 data statistics and analysis
The test data are counted by Excel, one-Way ANOVA and Duncan's methods in SPSS 26.0 analysis software are adopted for variance analysis and multiple comparison, curve estimation is used for checking linear and quadratic regression effects of the addition level of the oregano essential oil and corresponding indexes, P <0.05 is obvious in difference or regression relation, and P <0.05 is less than or equal to 0.10 and is obvious in difference or regression relation.
2 results and analysis
2.1 Effect of Oregano essential oil additive added to diet on slaughtering Performance of Luhua chickens
From table 2, it can be seen that the addition of oregano essential oil additive to diet has significant effect on half-breech removal rate, pectoral muscle weight, pectoral muscle rate, abdominal fat weight, slaughter rate, half-breech removal rate and full breech removal rate of Luhua chicken (P < 0.05). The half-breeder weights, pectoral weights and pectoral rates of the test group 1 and the test group 2 are remarkably improved by 5.40%, 14.21%, 15.67% and 4.91%, 11.77% and 14.08% respectively compared with the control group, and the half-breeder weights, the pectoral weights and the pectoral rates of the test group 2 are changed in a quadratic curve (P < 0.05) along with the improvement of the addition level of the oregano essential oil additive, so that the test group 1 is optimal; the slaughter rate, half-bore rate and full-bore rate of each test group were significantly increased (P < 0.05) and there was a linear and quadratic curve relationship with the addition level of oregano essential oil additive (P < 0.05).
TABLE 2 Effect of Oregano essential oil additive on slaughter Performance of Luhua chickens
2.2 effects of Oregano essential oil additive added to diet on organ index of Luhua chickens
As can be seen from table 3, the addition of oregano essential oil additive to the diet had a significant effect on the adenogastric and pancreatic indices (P < 0.05). Test group 1, test group 2 and test group 3 had significantly increased gastric index by 21.05%, 21.05% and 26.32% (P < 0.05), respectively, compared to the control group, and had a linear and quadratic relationship (P < 0.05) with the addition level of oregano essential oil additive.
TABLE 3 Effect of Oregano essential oil additive on Luhua chicken organ index
2.3 influence of Oregano essential oil additive added to diet on intestinal tissue morphology of Luhua chickens
As can be seen from table 4, the addition of oregano essential oil additive to diet has significant improvement effect on ileum, jejunum CD and duodenum VH (P < 0.05), and compared with control group, the ileum CD of test group 1 and test group 2 is reduced by 6.07% and 6.43% (P < 0.05), respectively; jejunal CD was reduced by 5.11%, 4.45% (P < 0.05) in trial 2, trial 3, respectively; test group 3 duodenal VH increased 14.00% (P < 0.05); and the jejunum CD and the duodenum VH have linear and quadratic curve relations with the addition level of the oregano essential oil additive. Jejunum, ileum, duodenal villus V/C was significantly lower in each test group than in the control group (P < 0.05).
TABLE 4 Effect of Oregano essential oil additive on intestinal tissue morphology of Luhua chickens
The test results show that: the addition of the oregano essential oil additive in the diet can obviously improve the slaughtering performance of the Luhua chickens, improve the meat production capacity of the Luhua chickens, and the slaughtering performance is most obviously improved when the oregano essential oil additive is added in the diet by 50 mg/kg; the feed has a positive effect on the digestive function of the Luhua chickens, and the active ingredients of the quinoa and oregano essential oil in the feed have strong antioxidant activity, so that the intestinal morphology and structure of the Luhua chickens are protected and maintained.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. The origanum essential oil-containing feed for improving slaughtering performance of Luhua chickens is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-68% of corn, 2-6% of wheat middling, 7-9% of quinoa, 17-23% of peeled soybean meal, 1-1.5% of stone powder, 1-1.5% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-0.4% of feed-grade sodium chloride, 0.8-1.2% of compound premix, 0.285-0.3% of zeolite powder and 0-0.015% of oregano essential oil additive, wherein the oregano essential oil additive is prepared from oregano essential oil, attapulgite, limestone and diatomite according to a proportion of 3:75:12:10 weight ratio; the compound premix comprises VA158000IU, VD44000IU, VE500IU, VK39mg and VB 1 45mg，VB 2 125mg，VB 8 19mg，VB 12 0.24mg of nicotinamide 790mg, pantothenic acid 300mg, folic acid 9mg, D-biotin 2.9mg, zn730mg, fe1400mg, mn 900 mg, cu240mg, I14mg, S4.8 mg, ca10%, naCl 5-13%, total phosphorus 3.5%, choline chloride 70000 mg, H 2 O≤8％。
2. The oregano essential oil-containing feed for improving slaughter performance of Luhua chickens according to claim 1, wherein the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 64% of corn, 4% of wheat middling, 8% of quinoa, 20% of peeled soybean meal, 1.2% of stone powder, 1.2% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3% of feed-grade sodium chloride, 1% of compound premix, 0.285-0.3% of zeolite powder and 0.005-0.015% of oregano essential oil additive.
3. The oregano essential oil-containing feed for improving slaughter performance of Luhua chickens according to claim 1, wherein the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 64% of corn, 4% of wheat middling, 8% of quinoa, 20% of peeled soybean meal, 1.2% of stone powder, 1.2% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3% of feed-grade sodium chloride, 1% of compound premix, 0.295% of zeolite powder and 0.005% of oregano essential oil additive.
4. Use of an oregano-containing essential oil feed that improves the slaughter performance of Luhua chickens as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the method is applied to raising reed-head chickens in the growing period.
5. The use according to claim 4, wherein: the application of the method in improving slaughter performance of reed chickens in a growing period, wherein the slaughter performance is carcass weight, half-bore-free weight, full-bore-free weight, pectoral muscle weight, abdominal fat weight, slaughter rate, half-bore-free rate, full-bore-free rate, pectoral muscle rate, leg muscle rate and abdominal fat rate.
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103493990A (en) * 2013-08-24 2014-01-08 亳州市成威饲料有限责任公司 Forage for 21- to 60-day-old laying hens
CN105285475A (en) * 2015-11-27 2016-02-03 山东省农业科学院家禽研究所 Feed for 1-42-day-old Wenshang luhua chickens
CN111758852A (en) * 2020-06-16 2020-10-13 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所 Additive premix for improving intestinal health of broiler chickens and application thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103493990A (en) * 2013-08-24 2014-01-08 亳州市成威饲料有限责任公司 Forage for 21- to 60-day-old laying hens
CN105285475A (en) * 2015-11-27 2016-02-03 山东省农业科学院家禽研究所 Feed for 1-42-day-old Wenshang luhua chickens
CN111758852A (en) * 2020-06-16 2020-10-13 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所 Additive premix for improving intestinal health of broiler chickens and application thereof

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