CN113317411A - Oregano essential oil-containing feed for improving slaughtering performance of Luhua chickens - Google Patents

Oregano essential oil-containing feed for improving slaughtering performance of Luhua chickens Download PDF

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CN113317411A
CN113317411A CN202110744138.2A CN202110744138A CN113317411A CN 113317411 A CN113317411 A CN 113317411A CN 202110744138 A CN202110744138 A CN 202110744138A CN 113317411 A CN113317411 A CN 113317411A
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luhua
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吴涛
赵生国
魏玉明
杨发荣
江小帆
黄杰
陈国顺
焦婷
蔡原
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Gansu Agricultural University
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    • A23K—FODDER
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract

The invention provides a feed containing oregano essential oil and capable of improving slaughtering performance of Luhua chickens, and belongs to the field of poultry breeding feeds. The feed comprises the following raw materials of corn, wheat middling, quinoa, peeled soybean meal, mountain flour, calcium hydrophosphate, feed-grade sodium chloride, compound premix, zeolite powder and an oregano essential oil additive, wherein the oregano essential oil additive is prepared from oregano essential oil, attapulgite, limestone and diatomite according to the weight ratio of 3: 75: 12: 10 by weight ratio. According to the feed additive, a plurality of special plant components such as oregano essential oil and quinoa are added, the feed additive has the effect of promoting growth when fed to the Luhua chicken in the growing period, when the addition amount of the oregano essential oil is 50mg/kg, the slaughtering performance of the Luhua chicken is obviously improved, the meat production capacity of the Luhua chicken is improved, the feed additive has a positive effect on the digestive function of the Luhua chicken, protects and maintains the intestinal morphological structure of the Luhua chicken, is not easy to cause diseases, and is safer and healthier than the existing feed containing the growth-promoting drug feed additive.

Description

Oregano essential oil-containing feed for improving slaughtering performance of Luhua chickens
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of poultry breeding feed, and particularly relates to oregano essential oil-containing feed for improving slaughtering performance of Luhua chickens.
Background
In recent years, the phenomenon of abuse of antibiotics is increasingly prominent, the health and environmental protection of people and animals are seriously affected, and healthy breeding becomes a key concern in the development of animal husbandry. China clearly announces that feed production enterprises stop producing commercial feeds containing growth-promoting drug feed additives (except traditional Chinese medicines). Therefore, the search for efficient, green and safe antibiotic substitute for feed is urgent.
Luhua chicken is a native chicken breed in China, and the main producing area is Wenshang county in Shandong. The growth period is 5 months, and the nutrition components of the feed are 3-4 times of that of the common chai chicken. The Luhua chicken has wide food chain, strong disease resistance, easy feeding, low feeding cost and good meat quality, so the Luhua chicken has wide prospect for feeding. The breeding division of the chicken growth stage is divided into four stages: (1) in the brooding feeding stage, the feed is expanded feed from the shelling to the first twenty days, the feed is preferably cooked without the expanded feed, and is dried in the air and fed to reduce intestinal diseases; (2) in the initial rearing and breeding stage, 20 percent of green feed can be added in the breeding stage within twenty days from the completion of the brooding and breeding stage to the next twenty days, and various vegetables contain a large amount of vitamins and various nutritional ingredients, so that the delicious edibility of Luhua chickens is greatly increased, and the production cost can be greatly reduced; (3) in the breeding stage, the addition amount of various green feeds in the generation stage can reach about 45% within three months after the initial breeding stage; the humidity of the mixed materials is controlled, and the mixed materials can be held in hands without dispersion and dripping; (4) in the feeding stage of the egg producing period, the green feed is reduced to about 35 percent scientifically.
The oregano essential oil is aromatic plant essential oil extracted from oregano (Origa-num vulgare L.), mainly comprises carvacrol and thymol, and has antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, immunity enhancing and animal production performance improving effects. The oregano essential oil has no toxic or side effect and drug resistance, has the characteristics of nature, environmental protection, safety and the like, and has the potential effect of replacing antibiotics.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the oregano essential oil-containing feed for improving the slaughtering performance of Luhua chickens, which can improve the growth performance of the Luhua chickens in the breeding period and obviously improve the slaughtering performance of the Luhua chickens.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the oregano essential oil-containing feed for improving the slaughtering performance of Luhua chickens is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-68% of corn, 2-6% of wheat middling, 7-9% of quinoa, 17-23% of peeled soybean meal, 1-1.5% of stone powder, 1-1.5% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-0.4% of feed-grade sodium chloride, 0.8-1.2% of compound premix, 0.285-0.3% of zeolite powder and 0-0.015% of oregano essential oil additive, wherein the oregano essential oil additive is prepared from oregano essential oil, attapulgite, limestone and diatomite in a proportion of 3: 75: 12: 10 by weight ratio.
Preferably, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the premix compound is prepared byComprises VA158000IU, VD44000IU, VE500IU, VK39mg and VB145mg，VB2125mg，VB819mg，VB120.24mg, nicotinamide 790mg, pantothenic acid 300mg, folic acid 9mg, D-biotin 2.9mg, Zn730mg, Fe1400mg, Mn980mg, Cu240mg, I14mg, Se4.8mg, Ca 10%, NaCl 5-13%, total phosphorus 3.5%, choline chloride 7000mg, H2O≤8％。
Further, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the oregano essential oil-containing feed for improving slaughter performance of Luhua chickens consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 64 percent of corn, 4 percent of wheat middling, 8 percent of quinoa, 20 percent of peeled soybean meal, 1.2 percent of mountain flour, 1.2 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 percent of feed-grade sodium chloride, 1 percent of compound premix, 0.285-0.3 percent of zeolite powder and 0005-0.015 percent of origanum essential oil additive
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the oregano essential oil-containing feed for improving slaughter performance of Luhua chickens consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 64% of corn, 4% of wheat middling, 8% of quinoa, 20% of peeled soybean meal, 1.2% of mountain flour, 1.2% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3% of feed-grade sodium chloride, 1% of compound premix 1%, 0.295% of zeolite powder and 0.005% of origanum essential oil additive.
The invention also provides application of the oregano essential oil-containing feed for improving the slaughter performance of Luhua chickens in the breeding period, wherein the feed can improve the slaughter performance of the Luhua chickens in the breeding period, and the slaughter performance comprises carcass weight, half bore weight, full bore weight, breast muscle weight, abdominal fat weight, slaughter rate, half bore rate, full bore rate, breast muscle rate, leg muscle rate and abdominal fat rate.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: according to the feed containing the oregano essential oil for improving the slaughtering performance of the Luhua chicken, the oregano essential oil, the quinoa and other multiple special plant components are added, the effect of promoting growth is achieved when the feed is used for feeding the Luhua chicken in the growing period, when the addition amount of the oregano essential oil is 50mg/kg, the slaughtering performance of the Luhua chicken is obviously improved, the meat production capacity of the Luhua chicken is improved, the feed has a positive effect on the digestion function of the Luhua chicken, the intestinal tract morphological structure of the Luhua chicken is protected and maintained, diseases are not prone to occurring, and the feed containing the growth promoting medicine feed additive is safer and healthier than the existing feed containing the growth promoting medicine feed additive.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A oregano essential oil containing feed for improving slaughtering performance of Luhua chickens is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 64% of corn, 4% of wheat middling, 8% of quinoa, 20% of peeled soybean meal, 1.2% of mountain flour, 1.2% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3% of feed-grade sodium chloride, 1% of compound premix 1%, 0.295% of zeolite powder and 0.005% of origanum essential oil additive; the compound premix comprises VA158000IU, VD44000IU, VE500IU, VK39mg and VB145mg，VB2125mg，VB819mg，VB120.24mg, nicotinamide 790mg, pantothenic acid 300mg, folic acid 9mg, D-biotin 2.9mg, Zn730mg, Fe1400mg, Mn980mg, Cu240mg, I14mg, Se4.8mg, Ca 10%, NaCl 5-13%, total phosphorus 3.5%, choline chloride 7000mg, H2O is less than or equal to 8 percent; the oregano essential oil additive is prepared from oregano essential oil, attapulgite, limestone and diatomite according to the weight ratio of 3: 75: 12: 10 by weight ratio.
Example 2
A oregano essential oil containing feed for improving slaughtering performance of Luhua chickens is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 64% of corn, 4% of wheat middling, 8% of quinoa, 20% of peeled soybean meal, 1.2% of mountain flour, 1.2% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3% of feed-grade sodium chloride, 1% of compound premix 1%, 0.29% of zeolite powder and 0.01% of origanum essential oil additive; the compound premix comprises VA158000IU, VD44000IU, VE500IU, VK39mg and VB145mg，VB2125mg，VB819mg，VB120.24mg, nicotinamide 790mg, pantothenic acid 300mg, folic acid 9mg, D-biotin 2.9mg, Zn730mg, Fe1400mg, Mn980mg, Cu240mg, I14mg, Se4.8mg, Ca 10%, NaCl 5-13%, total phosphorus 3.5%, choline chloride 7000mg, H2O is less than or equal to 8 percent; the origanum essential oil is addedThe agent is prepared from oregano essential oil, attapulgite, limestone and diatomite according to the weight ratio of 3: 75: 12: 10 by weight ratio.
Example 3
A oregano essential oil containing feed for improving slaughtering performance of Luhua chickens is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 64% of corn, 4% of wheat middling, 8% of quinoa, 20% of peeled soybean meal, 1.2% of mountain flour, 1.2% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3% of feed-grade sodium chloride, 1% of compound premix 1%, 0.285% of zeolite powder and 0.015% of origanum essential oil additive; the compound premix comprises VA158000IU, VD44000IU, VE500IU, VK39mg and VB145mg，VB2125mg，VB819mg，VB120.24mg, nicotinamide 790mg, pantothenic acid 300mg, folic acid 9mg, D-biotin 2.9mg, Zn730mg, Fe1400mg, Mn980mg, Cu240mg, I14mg, Se4.8mg, Ca 10%, NaCl 5-13%, total phosphorus 3.5%, choline chloride 7000mg, H2O is less than or equal to 8 percent; the oregano essential oil additive is prepared from oregano essential oil, attapulgite, limestone and diatomite according to the weight ratio of 3: 75: 12: 10 by weight ratio.
Comparative example 1
A oregano essential oil containing feed for improving slaughtering performance of Luhua chickens is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 64% of corn, 4% of wheat middling, 8% of chenopodium quinoa, 20% of peeled soybean meal, 1.2% of mountain flour, 1.2% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3% of feed-grade sodium chloride, 1% of compound premix and 0.3% of zeolite powder; the compound premix comprises VA158000IU, VD44000IU, VE500IU, VK39mg and VB145mg，VB2125mg，VB819mg，VB120.24mg, nicotinamide 790mg, pantothenic acid 300mg, folic acid 9mg, D-biotin 2.9mg, Zn730mg, Fe1400mg, Mn980mg, Cu240mg, I14mg, Se4.8mg, Ca 10%, NaCl 5-13%, total phosphorus 3.5%, choline chloride 7000mg, H2O≤8％。
Test examples
1 materials and methods
1.1 test animals and test design
The test was conducted using a single-factor fully randomized trial design, using 120 49 day old healthy female rosettes (weighing 1478.75 + -85.81 g) randomly divided into 4 treatment groups (3 replicates each, 10 replicates each), with the control group fed the diet of comparative example 1 and the test groups 1-3 fed the test diets of example 1, example 2 and example 3, respectively. The feeding test is carried out in animal training base of Gansu agricultural university, and the feed in the whole test period is powder. Trial period 75d, pre-trial period 3d, and positive trial period 72 d.
1.2 Experimental diets and feeding management
1.2.1 feed Nutrition levels
The nutritional levels of the diets of the control group and the test groups 1 to 3 are shown in table 1, and the nutritional levels are calculated values. Chenopodium quinoa willd is provided by a Tianzhu Chenopodium quinoa willd cold test station of agricultural academy of sciences in Gansu province; the basic diet was produced by aonong feed science and technology ltd, gansu, according to the experimental formula.
TABLE 1 diet nutrient level (dry matter basis)%
Figure BDA0003143832330000041
1.2.2 Breeding management
Before the test starts, the henhouse is comprehensively disinfected, and the colony house is kept dry and clean and has good ventilation. The test chickens were subjected to a health check, and were immunized, sterilized, numbered and weighed. During the test period, the animals were fed twice daily at regular times (07:00 and 15:00) with free access to food and water.
1.3 measurement index and method
1.3.1 growth Performance
During the test period, test chickens were weighed at 58 and 121 days of age for each group. Stopping the material for 12h before weighing, and stopping water. And (4) counting the total feed intake of 58-121 days old, and calculating the Average Daily Gain (ADG), the Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI) and the feed-weight ratio (F/G) of the broilers.
1.3.2 slaughter Performance
On the 75 th day of the test, respectively selecting 2 healthy Luhua chickens close to the average weight from each group of different repetitions, weighing live weight, bleeding and killing the neck, unhairing, draining water, then carrying out slaughter determination, and weighing carcass weight according to poultry production science compiled by Yangning, and weighing full-bore, semi-bore, pectoral muscle, leg muscle and internal organs in an anatomical manner; and (4) calculating the dressing percentage, the half-bore ratio, the full-bore ratio, the pectoral muscle ratio and the lateral leg muscle ratio. The related calculation formula refers to the Sunwhich method test method.
1.3.3 determination of organ index
The heart, liver, lung, kidney, pancreas, glandular stomach, myostomach, spleen, bursa of fabricius, thymus were weighed and the organ index was calculated.
Organ index (%) ═ fresh weight of organ (g)/live weight before slaughter (g) × 100.
1.3.4 intestinal tract tissue morphology
Separating duodenum, jejunum and ileum after slaughtering, shearing middle sections of the intestines to be 1-2 cm, washing chyme of the intestines with physiological saline, putting the chyme of the intestines into a test tube with a plug containing 4% paraformaldehyde for storage, sending the test tube to Wuhan Seville biology Limited company for flaking, observing and measuring Villus height (Villus height, VH) and Crypt depth (Crypt depth, CD) by adopting a Motic-BA210 type microscope, and calculating the Villus height/Crypt depth (V/C).
1.4 data statistics and analysis
The experimental data are counted by using Excel, one-Way ANOVA in SPSS 26.0 analysis software and Duncan's method are adopted for variance analysis and multiple comparison, linear and secondary regression effects of the addition level of the oregano essential oil and corresponding indexes are tested by curve estimation, P <0.05 is significant difference or significant regression relationship, and P < 0.05-0.10 is significant difference or significant regression relationship.
2 results and analysis
2.1 Effect of Oregano essential oil additive in feed on slaughtering Performance of Luhua chickens
As can be seen from Table 2, the addition of the oregano essential oil additive in the feed has a significant effect on the half-bore weight, breast muscle rate, abdominal fat weight, dressing percentage, half-bore rate and full-bore rate of the Luhua chickens (P < 0.05). Compared with a control group, the half-bore weight, the breast muscle weight and the breast muscle rate of the test group 1 and the test group 2 are obviously improved, and are respectively increased by 5.40%, 14.21%, 15.67% and 4.91%, 11.77% and 14.08%, and the addition level of the oregano essential oil additive is improved to form a quadratic curve (P is less than 0.05) so as to optimize the test group 1; the slaughtering rate, the half-bore rate and the full-bore rate of each test group are remarkably improved (P <0.05), and a linear and quadratic curve relation exists between the slaughtering rate, the half-bore rate and the full-bore rate and the addition level of the oregano essential oil additive (P < 0.05).
TABLE 2 Effect of oregano essential oil additives on slaughter Performance of Luhua chickens
Figure BDA0003143832330000061
Figure BDA0003143832330000071
2.2 Effect of Oregano essential oil additive in diet on organ index of Luhua chicken
As can be seen from table 3, the addition of oregano essential oil additive to the diet had a significant effect on the glandular and pancreatic indices (P < 0.05). Compared with a control group, the glandular stomach indexes of the test group 1, the test group 2 and the test group 3 are respectively and remarkably improved by 21.05%, 21.05% and 26.32% (P <0.05), and a linear and quadratic curve relation exists with the addition level of the oregano essential oil additive (P < 0.05).
TABLE 3 Effect of oregano essential oil additives on Luhua chicken organ index
Figure BDA0003143832330000072
Figure BDA0003143832330000081
2.3 Effect of Oregano essential oil additive in feed on intestinal tract tissue morphology of Luhua chicken
As can be seen from table 4, addition of the oregano essential oil additive to the diet significantly improved ileum, jejunum CD and duodenal VH (P <0.05), and compared with the control group, ileum CD in test group 1 and test group 2 was reduced by 6.07% and 6.43%, respectively (P < 0.05); the jejunal CD of the test group 2 and the test group 3 is respectively reduced by 5.11 percent and 4.45 percent (P is less than 0.05); test group 3 duodenal VH increases 14.00% (P < 0.05); and the jejunum CD and the duodenum VH have linear and quadratic curve relations with the addition level of the oregano essential oil additive. The jejunum, ileum and duodenum villi V/C of each test group is significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05).
TABLE 4 Effect of oregano essential oil additives on morphology of Luhua chicken intestinal tract tissue
Figure BDA0003143832330000091
The test results show that: the slaughtering performance of the Luhua chicken can be obviously improved by adding the oregano essential oil additive into the feed, the meat production capacity of the Luhua chicken is improved, and the slaughtering performance is obviously improved when 50mg/kg of the oregano essential oil additive is added into the feed; the feed has a positive effect on the digestive function of the Luhua chicken, and active ingredients of the quinoa and the oregano essential oil in the feed have strong antioxidant activity, so that the intestinal morphological structure of the Luhua chicken is protected and maintained.
The above description is not intended to limit the present invention, but rather, the present invention is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The oregano essential oil-containing feed for improving slaughtering performance of Luhua chickens is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-68% of corn, 2-6% of wheat middling, 7-9% of quinoa, 17-23% of peeled soybean meal, 1-1.5% of stone powder, 1-1.5% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-0.4% of feed-grade sodium chloride, 0.8-1.2% of compound premix, 0.285-0.3% of zeolite powder and 0-0.015% of oregano essential oil additive, wherein the oregano essential oil additive is prepared from oregano essential oil, attapulgite, limestone and diatomite in a proportion of 3: 75: 12: 10 by weight ratio.
2. The oregano essential oil-containing feed for improving slaughter performance of Luhua chickens, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the compound premix comprises the following components of VA158000IU, VD44000IU, VE500IU and VK39mg，VB145mg，VB2125mg，VB819mg，VB120.24mg, nicotinamide 790mg, pantothenic acid 300mg, folic acid 9mg, D-biotin 2.9mg, Zn730mg, Fe1400mg, Mn980mg, Cu240mg, I14mg, Se4.8mg, Ca 10%, NaCl 5-13%, total phosphorus 3.5%, choline chloride 7000mg, H2O≤8％。
3. The oregano essential oil-containing feed for improving slaughter performance of Luhua chickens, according to claim 2, is characterized by consisting of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 64% of corn, 4% of wheat middling, 8% of quinoa, 20% of peeled soybean meal, 1.2% of mountain flour, 1.2% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3% of feed-grade sodium chloride, 1% of compound premix, 0.285-0.3% of zeolite powder and 0005-0.015% of oregano essential oil additive.
4. The oregano essential oil-containing feed for improving slaughter performance of Luhua chickens, according to claim 3, is characterized by consisting of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 64% of corn, 4% of wheat middling, 8% of quinoa, 20% of peeled soybean meal, 1.2% of mountain flour, 1.2% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3% of feed-grade sodium chloride, 1% of compound premix 1%, 0.295% of zeolite powder and 0.005% of origanum essential oil additive.
5. The use of the oregano essential oil-containing feed for improving slaughter performance of Luhua chickens, according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: is applied to breeding Luhua chicken in the breeding period.
6. The use of claim 5, wherein: the application of the feed additive in improving slaughter performance of Luhua chickens in the growing period is to increase slaughter performance of carcass weight, half bore weight, full bore weight, breast muscle weight, abdominal fat weight, slaughter rate, half bore rate, full bore rate, breast muscle rate, leg muscle rate and abdominal fat rate.
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103493990A (en) * 2013-08-24 2014-01-08 亳州市成威饲料有限责任公司 Forage for 21- to 60-day-old laying hens
CN105285475A (en) * 2015-11-27 2016-02-03 山东省农业科学院家禽研究所 Feed for 1-42-day-old Wenshang luhua chickens
CN111758852A (en) * 2020-06-16 2020-10-13 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所 Additive premix for improving intestinal health of broiler chickens and application thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103493990A (en) * 2013-08-24 2014-01-08 亳州市成威饲料有限责任公司 Forage for 21- to 60-day-old laying hens
CN105285475A (en) * 2015-11-27 2016-02-03 山东省农业科学院家禽研究所 Feed for 1-42-day-old Wenshang luhua chickens
CN111758852A (en) * 2020-06-16 2020-10-13 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所 Additive premix for improving intestinal health of broiler chickens and application thereof

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