CN113317244B - Efficient culture system and method for juvenile mollusks of economic intertidal zone shellfish - Google Patents
Efficient culture system and method for juvenile mollusks of economic intertidal zone shellfish Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an efficient cultivation system and method for young shellfish of tidal flat economic shellfish, which is characterized in that a 5-8 mu algae seed pond and a 20 +/-2 mu algae expansion pond are constructed, seawater and algae seeds therein are introduced, and algae phases of the seawater are observed in the algae seed pond, so that the seawater in the pond can be conveniently disinfected and fertilized. After microscopic examination of algae phase, selecting proper algae phase, directional enlarged culture of high quality algae, enriching water to make it propagate quickly to a certain scale, introducing 1/3 seawater with specified enlarging concentration into the pool for enlarging culture, adding water again to reach enlarging culture density, repeating pond moving operation for continuous culture, finally introducing the water in the pool for enlarging culture to the breeding room for circulating feeding culture of young shellfish, and promoting growth and development of shellfish. The method can cultivate about 100 hundred million seedlings with the specification of 160 ten thousand grains/kg in the seedling raising room with the cultivation scale of 4-5 kilo square meters, thereby saving the cultivation cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of shellfish culture, in particular to a high-efficiency culture system and method for young tidal flat economic shellfish.
Background
At present, the shellfish artificial breeding technology is researched, but the problems that the supply of unicellular algae is extremely unstable, protozoa in an algae breeding pond are frequently polluted, especially, the bait is seriously insufficient after larvae are attached and metamorphosed, and in addition, the larva breeding method is immature, the survival rate is low, the seedling emergence amount is extremely unstable and the like exist. The microalgae are autotrophic plants which are widely distributed on land and ocean, have rich nutrition and high photosynthetic utilization rate, and are high-quality baits in shellfish seedling culture. However, it is difficult to keep fresh microalgae in the process of using the microalgae as bait. The traditional bait culture generally selects unicellular algae such as diatom, chrysophyceae, tetraselmis, etc. as algae seeds, and the algae seeds are cultured one month before the seedling culture. The first-stage culture is combined with triangular flask, transparent plastic bottle or nylon bag for culture, the second-stage culture is carried out by inflating plastic barrel or cement pool for seed expanding culture, and the third-stage culture is carried out by using large cement pool. The prior art culture methods have the following drawbacks: 1. the microalgae are few in species, and large-scale culture needs certain illumination conditions of temperature and salinity for limitation. 2. Sometimes, the quality of algae is not good, the algae in seawater are in death period, the algae are easy to age, the dead algae content in the algae is high and not fresh, the large-scale culture time is long, the juvenile mollusk culture period is prolonged, and the juvenile mollusk growth efficiency is slow. 3. The traditional bait culture method needs various indoor facilities such as a triangular flask, a transparent plastic bottle, a large cement pond and the like, occupies a large area of a seedling raising room, and causes high cost of shellfish breeding seedlings. 4. The cultured algae has single species, and the shellfish is easy to have malnutrition. Therefore, the traditional shellfish culture mode cannot produce large-batch high-quality fries to meet the requirements of proliferation and releasing and artificial culture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a high-efficiency cultivation system and method for juvenile mollusks of mudflat economic shellfish, which are convenient to obtain a large amount of microalgae for cultivating the juvenile mollusks and cultivate high-quality offspring seeds in large scale and batch.
The invention adopts the technical scheme for solving the technical problems that: an efficient culture system for young shellfish of economic mudflat comprises a seawater pond for culturing algae bait on the outer seaside and a shellfish culture pond in a seedling culture room, wherein the seawater pond is divided into an algae seed pond and an expansion culture pond,
a first water inlet and outlet channel and a first water inlet and outlet gate for water exchange are arranged between the algae seed pond and the open sea, fresh seawater with algae can be introduced into the algae seed pond, the algae seed pond is used for carefully selecting and culturing proper algae seeds, and then the algae seed seawater with a certain concentration is obtained through rapid culture;
a pond moving and expanding culture pipeline is arranged between the algae seed pond and the expanding culture pond, and a first water pump is arranged on the pond moving and expanding culture pipeline and used for transferring algae seed seawater in the algae seed pond to the expanding culture pond for directional expanding culture;
a second water inlet and outlet channel and a second water inlet and outlet gate for changing water are arranged between the propagation pond and the open sea and used for introducing culture water rich in nutrient substances, and the propagation pond is used for directionally propagating algae seeds in algae seed seawater to enable the algae seeds to become dominant species in the water and be stable in the water for a long time, so that large-scale microalgae baits are cultured to obtain propagation algae water;
oxygen increasing machines are arranged in the algae seed pond and the propagation pond and are used for promoting the propagation of algae;
the shellfish culture pond is used for flowing water culture of shellfish, and realizes mixed feeding by adding artificial culture microalgae to mix and expand culture algae water; a drainage river channel and a water inlet pipeline are arranged between the shellfish culture pond and the shellfish culture pond, a second water pump is installed on the water inlet pipeline and used for guiding the shellfish culture pond with the spread algae water to the shellfish culture pond for feeding, and the drainage river channel is used for returning the water overflowing from the shellfish culture pond to form circulating running water with directional water flow;
mangrove forests and salt-tolerant plants are cultivated around the seedling raising chamber and are used for purifying and filtering water discharged from the seedling raising chamber and water flowing back in a drainage river channel.
An efficient cultivation method of young shellfish of economic shellfish on mudflat is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
step one, constructing a bait pond: building a seawater pond with the size of 25 +/-2 mu, dividing the seawater pond into an algae seed pond with the size of 5-8 mu and an expansion culture pond with the size of 20 +/-2 mu, and introducing seawater into the algae seed pond and the expansion culture pond;
observing the algae phase in the algae species pond, and selecting proper algae species: selecting unicellular algae with proper cell size as algae seeds for culture, draining water in an algae seed pond if the algae seeds are different, disinfecting the algae seed pond, introducing fresh seawater again for selection, controlling the salinity of water quality to be 15-30 per mill, performing microscopic examination on algae phases, and entering the next step after the algae phases are proper;
step three, pond rich water culture: an oxygen increasing machine is arranged in the algae seed pond, the algae seed pond works 24 hours all day long, oxygen increasing propagation is carried out, inorganic fertilizer is needed to be added when the density of single-cell algae in the algae seed pond is too low, the algae cells are rapidly propagated to a certain scale, the specified propagation density is reached, and the propagation density is 4-5 ten thousand cells/ml;
step four, continuously moving a pond and expanding culture: introducing 1/3 algae water reaching the specified culture expanding concentration in the algae species pond into the culture expanding pond by using a water pump for culture expanding, adding water into the algae species pond again to the original water level, and repeating the pond moving operation if the specified culture expanding density is reached in the algae species pond again after a period of time;
step five, directionally culturing the microalgae in the pond: an aerator is arranged in the expanding culture pond, and works 24 hours a day to carry out aeration propagation, so that the feeding density of the juvenile mollusks is reached, and the feeding density is 8-10 ten thousand cells/ml; organic fertilizer can be added when the water in the expanding culture pond is lack of nutrition;
step six, juvenile mollusk culture: pumping algae water in the expanding culture pond into a shellfish culture pond of a seedling culture room to culture shellfish in running water, wherein artificial culture microalgae can be added in an auxiliary manner to perform mixed feeding during the period, so as to avoid malnutrition of juvenile shellfish;
and seventhly, purifying water overflowing from the shellfish culture pond by mangrove forest and salt-tolerant plants, and then refluxing the water into the extended culture pond through a river channel to realize water recycling.
Further perfecting, the method for cultivating young shellfish in the shellfish cultivating pool comprises the following steps:
1) setting the area of a seedling raising pool to be 40-50 square meters, paving an attachment base according to different varieties of young shellfish of the mudflat shellfish according to ecological habits and culture environments of the young shellfish, and paving a soft mud layer with the thickness of 1-2mm, which is deposited after filtering through a 200-mesh bolting silk layer, at the bottom of the pool;
2) fry breeding density: setting density according to the specification of the offspring seeds;
3) culturing in running water: adding seawater in the shellfish culture pond to the water level of 100cm, adding the attaching base, standing for 24 hours until the attaching base is completely precipitated, and uniformly scattering the seedlings into the culture pond; introducing water in the extended culture pond into the shellfish culture pond for running water culture, wherein seawater enters from the water inlet pipeline and flows out from the water outlet pipeline, and the water level is kept at 100 cm; changing water to 40cm water level the next day, adding seawater in the expanding culture pond to 100cm, and culturing in flowing water; after water is changed, when the concentration of the microalgae introduced into the extended culture pond is low, the microalgae artificially cultured can be added in an auxiliary manner, and then running water culture is carried out;
4) seedling washing, weighing and measuring: culturing young shellfish in running water for 4-6 days, flushing the young shellfish with a water pump, cleaning the young shellfish with a bolting-silk net, and weighing; and (4) measuring the specification of the young shellfish, sieving the young shellfish according to different bolting silk meshes, and carrying out next round of running water cultivation according to the specification and density.
Further perfecting, and optimally controlling the salinity of the water quality in the step two to be 20-25 per mill.
Further perfection, when the cell density of the algae is lower than 1 ten thousand cells/ml, inorganic fertilizer is added.
Further perfecting, the seawater in the expanding culture pond in the third step can also use 5 multiplied by 10 with 30 percent of available chlorine content in advance-4Disinfecting for 7 days by using bleaching solution, measuring no residual chlorine by using potassium iodide solution, and placing the algae in algae seed pond for propagation culture.
Further perfection, the inorganic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-55 parts of sodium nitrate, 5-6 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 5-8 parts of medical stone powder, 0.15-0.2 part of ammonium oxalate, 5-6 parts of ferric citrate and 0.04-0.05 part of manganese chloride, wherein the fertilizing amount per mu is 120-200 kg; the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of fermented cow dung, 4-8 parts of glucose and 0.1-0.2 part of corn flour, wherein the fertilizing amount per mu is 350 kilograms.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention constructs a 5-8 mu algae seed pond and a 20 +/-5 mu algae seed expanding pond, introduces seawater and algae seeds therein, can observe algae phase of seawater in the algae seed pond, observes the intake of algae by a microscope, has a monitoring program, is convenient for directionally culturing algae seeds, has the advantages of water purification and convenient algae seed culture, has good quality of obtained algae seeds and less algae seeds in death period, carries out water fertilization after microscopic examination to ensure that the algae seeds are rapidly propagated to a certain scale, pumps 1/3 water reaching specified expanding concentration in the algae seed pond to the expanding pond for expanding culture, adds water to the algae seed pond to original water level again, repeatedly carries out the continuous culture if the specified expanding density in the algae seed pond is reached again after a period of time, rapidly utilizes the excellent environment of expanding culture to carry out large-scale culture, the culture efficiency is high, the time period for culturing the shellfish bait is greatly shortened, the algae phase is stable, the fertilizer is fully utilized and is not easy to waste, and the culture cost of microalgae is remarkably reduced;
2. the traditional culture method is used for culturing young shellfish in a nursery room with 4-5 kilosquare meters, but the cultured fry is small in size and single in variety, only 1-2 hundred million fries with the specification and specification of 160 ten thousand fries/kg can be obtained, and the requirement on facilities is high. The algae water cultured in the expanding culture pond has a plurality of microalgae baits with abundant and various varieties, the cultured algae have the characteristics of large individual and various varieties, the algae are pumped into a seedling culture chamber to be fed, artificial culture microalgae are added in the culture chamber to be mixed and fed, the phenomenon of shellfish malnutrition can be improved, water overflowing from the shellfish culture pond is purified by mangrove forest and salt-tolerant plants and then flows back into the expanding culture pond through a river channel, waste water is purified and then flows back into the expanding culture pond to be recycled, the shellfish is cultured in running water for 24 hours all day, the shellfish can be fed all day, and the growth speed is high. The cultivation method can cultivate about 100 hundred million seedlings with the specification of 160 ten thousand grains per kg in a seedling raising room with 4-5 kilosquare meters, reduces the requirements on indoor cultivation facilities, and obviously saves the cultivation cost.
3. Salt-tolerant plants such as mangrove and suaeda glauca are cultivated around the seedling raising room, the wastewater flowing out of the shellfish cultivation pool can be purified through the root system, the excrement generated by the shellfish is absorbed, a part of ammonia, nitrogen, nitrite and sulfide is consumed, the environmental pollution is avoided, and the effects of low power consumption, energy conservation, emission reduction and the like are achieved. According to the invention, by circulating flow water culture of shellfish seeds such as Ruditapes philippinarum and the like, the problem of small seedling yield of shellfish seedling culture is solved, and a scientific seedling culture mode and a seedling culture water treatment system with high yield, high stability, low energy consumption and low cost are established.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an incubation system and method;
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
as shown in the attached figure 1, the high-efficiency cultivation system for the juvenile mollusks of the tidal flat economic shellfish is characterized in that: the water culture method comprises an algae seed pond, an expanding culture pond and a shellfish culture pond, wherein the algae seed pond is formed by dividing the whole seawater pond, a first water inlet and outlet channel and a first water inlet and outlet gate for water exchange are arranged between the algae seed pond and the open sea, the algae seed pond is used for carefully culturing proper algae seeds to obtain algae seed seawater with a certain concentration, and a second water inlet and outlet channel and a second water inlet and outlet gate for water exchange are arranged between the expanding culture pond and the open sea; the algae cultivation pond and the expanding cultivation pond are internally provided with an oxygen increasing machine for promoting algae propagation, a pond moving and expanding cultivation pipeline is arranged between the algae cultivation pond and the expanding cultivation pond, the pond moving and expanding cultivation pipeline is used for transferring algae water in the algae cultivation pond to the expanding cultivation pond for directional expanding cultivation, a first water pump is arranged on the pond moving and expanding cultivation pipeline, the expanding cultivation pond is used for expanding cultivation of algae, large-scale microalgae baits are cultivated to obtain expanding cultivation algae water, a drainage river channel and a water inlet pipeline are arranged between the expanding cultivation pond and the shellfish cultivation pond, the water inlet pipeline is used for guiding seawater in the expanding cultivation pond to the shellfish cultivation pond for feeding, a second water pump is arranged on the water inlet pipeline, the shellfish cultivation pond is used for flowing water cultivation of shellfish, mixed feeding is realized by adding artificial culture microalgae to mix expanding cultivation algae water, the drainage river channel is used for returning water overflowing from the shellfish cultivation pond to the expanding cultivation pond, mangroves are cultivated around the drainage river and used for purifying and filtering the backflow water. When water in the shellfish culture pond is changed, the water is drained to the mangrove marsh of the artificial wetland for filtration, and the water is purified and then flows back to the extended culture pond, so that the waste of water resources can be saved, and the culture cost can be reduced. The mangrove forest refers to a tidal flat wetland woody biocenosis composed of evergreen shrubs or arbors which grow on the upper part of the intertidal zone of the tropical and subtropical low-energy coast and are soaked by periodic tidal water and take mangrove plants as main bodies. The species of the composition comprises herbaceous and liana mangrove. It grows on the beach shoal of land and sea boundary zone, and is a special ecological system for land to sea transition. The mangrove can reduce the eutrophication degree of the seawater by absorbing pollutants, and effectively prevent the red tide from occurring.
The method for efficiently cultivating the juvenile mollusks of the tidal flat economic mollusks can be obtained by utilizing the efficient cultivation system and comprises the following steps,
step one, constructing a bait pond: building a seawater pond with the size of 25 +/-2 mu, dividing the seawater pond into an algae seed pond with the size of 5-8 mu and an expansion culture pond with the size of 20 +/-2 mu, generally building the seawater pond in a middle and high tide water area, avoiding submerging in a typhoon day, opening a first water inlet and outlet gate and a second water inlet and outlet gate, and introducing seawater into the algae seed pond and the expansion culture pond; the area of the algae seed pond is small, water purification is convenient, the cost of disinfecting water quality is low, algae seeds are convenient to select, the area of the culture expanding pond is large, the environment is good, natural nutrition is abundant, the culture expanding pond is suitable for large-scale culture of algae, the bait culture cost can be reduced, compared with the traditional indoor three-stage culture, the requirement on production facilities is low, the facility cost can be saved, the occupied indoor area is small, more seedling culture ponds can be vacated to culture shellfish which are large in size, variety and requirement on facilities, and large-batch high-quality seedlings can be obtained. Water in the pond can be changed by utilizing the semi-day tide rule of rising tide and falling tide through the water inlet and outlet channel and the water inlet and outlet gate.
Observing the algae phase in the algae species pond, and selecting proper algae species: the unicellular algae with proper cell size and good nutrition is selected as algae seeds for culture, the diatom is taken as a main part, the tetraselmis is taken as an auxiliary part, the microalgae basically does not contain toxin, can be captured by planktonic larvae and juvenile mollusks, has easily absorbed nutritional ingredients, and is not easy to form bloom and algae dumping. The cultured microalgae has multiple varieties and comprehensive nutrition, is suitable for feeding various shellfish, has good universality, is not easy to cause the phenomena of malnutrition and toxin poisoning of the shellfish, and can save the cost of mixed feeding. Harmful algae such as algae A have the defects of easy formation of water bloom, easy pouring of algae, difficult digestion and absorption, toxin and the like, and special attention should be paid in the process of selecting algae species. If algae phase difference occurs and common harmful algae such as blue algae, euglena, dinoflagellate and the like appear, opening a first water inlet and outlet gate, draining water in an algae species pond, introducing fresh seawater for selection after the algae species pond is disinfected, controlling the salinity of water to be 15-30 per mill and the optimal salinity of the water to be 25 per mill so that the algae obtains an optimal growth environment, promoting the growth of beneficial algae, inhibiting the growth of the harmful algae, finally realizing the symbiosis of beneficial bacteria and the beneficial algae, forming a stable micro-ecological environment, and finally performing microscopic examination on algae phases for multiple times, wherein the algae phases are appropriate and then enter the next step;
step three, pond rich water culture: arranging an aerator in the algae pond, and aerating and propagating for 24 hours every day to promote the propagation of algae, wherein if the density of single-cell algae in the algae pond is too low, for example, the density of algae cells is lower than 1 ten thousand cells/ml, inorganic fertilizer can be added to ensure that the algae cells are rapidly propagated to a certain scale, and the propagation density is 4-5 ten thousand cells/ml; the inorganic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-55 parts of sodium nitrate, 5-6 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 5-8 parts of medical stone powder, 0.15-0.2 part of ammonium oxalate, 5-6 parts of ferric citrate and 0.04-0.05 part of manganese chloride, wherein the fertilizing amount per mu is 120-200 kg, and the inorganic fertilizer can promote the propagation of high-quality algae seeds and shorten the production period of the algae;
step four, continuously moving a pond and expanding culture: introducing 1/3 algae water reaching the specified culture expanding concentration in the algae pond to the culture expanding pond by using a water pump for culture expanding, adding water to the original water level again in the algae pond, and repeating the pond moving operation if the algae pond reaches the specified culture expanding density again after a period of time.
Step five, directionally culturing the microalgae in the pond: an oxygen increasing machine is arranged in the expanding culture pond, the expanding culture pond is opened 24 hours a day for oxygen increasing and breeding, the oxygen content is eight milligrams per milliliter, the oxygen is fully supplied, the algae is enabled to float and grow, and the feeding density capable of feeding the young shellfish is reached; feeding density is 8-10 ten thousand cells/ml; when the water fertility in the expanding culture pond is reduced, seawater can be replaced through tidal water, organic fertilizer can be added in the seawater, the scale propagation of algae is maintained, and the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of fermented cow dung, 4-8 parts of glucose and 0.1-0.2 part of corn flour, wherein the fertilizing amount per mu is 250-350 kg, and the fertilizing amount can be reduced by half at high temperature.
Step six, juvenile mollusk culture: pumping algae water in the expanding culture pond into a shellfish culture pond of a seedling culture room to carry out flowing water culture on the shellfish, wherein the flowing water culture refers to a process of carrying out bait feeding on the shellfish by utilizing circulating flowing water, and artificial culture microalgae can be added in an auxiliary manner to carry out mixed feeding during the process, so that the malnutrition of young shellfish is avoided;
the shellfish can be fed all day long, and has high growth speed. The cultivation method can cultivate about 100 hundred million seedlings with the specification of 160 ten thousand grains per kg in a seedling raising room with 4-5 kilosquare meters, reduces the requirements on indoor cultivation facilities, and obviously saves the cultivation cost.
And seventhly, purifying water overflowing from the shellfish culture pond by mangrove forest and salt-tolerant plants, and then refluxing the water into the extended culture pond through a river channel to realize water recycling. Mangrove is cultivated around the seedling raising room, the mangrove comprises salt-tolerant plants such as suaeda glauca and the like, waste water flowing out of the shellfish cultivation pool can be purified through root systems, excrement generated by shellfish is absorbed, a part of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite are consumed, environmental pollution is avoided, and the effects of low power consumption, energy conservation, emission reduction and the like are achieved.
According to the invention, by circulating flow water culture of shellfish seeds such as Ruditapes philippinarum and the like, the problem of small seedling yield of shellfish seedling culture is solved, and a scientific seedling culture mode and a seedling culture water treatment system with high yield, high stability, low energy consumption and low cost are established.
The method for cultivating young shellfish in the shellfish cultivating pool (taking Ruditapes philippinarum offspring seeds as an example) comprises the following steps:
1) setting the area of a seedling raising pool to be 40-50 square meters, paving an attachment base according to different varieties of young shellfish of the mudflat shellfish according to ecological habits and culture environments of the young shellfish, and paving a soft mud layer with the thickness of 1-2mm, which is deposited after filtering through a 200-mesh bolting silk layer, at the bottom of the pool;
2) fry breeding density: setting density according to the specification of the offspring seeds; as shown in table 1.
3) Culturing in running water: adding seawater in the shellfish culture pond to the water level of 100cm, adding the attaching base, standing for 24 hours until the attaching base is completely precipitated, and uniformly scattering the seedlings into the culture pond; introducing seawater in the extended culture pond into the shellfish culture pond for running water culture, wherein the seawater enters from the water inlet pipeline and flows out from the water outlet pipeline, and the water level is kept at 100 cm; changing water to 40cm water level the next day, adding seawater in the expanding culture pond to 100cm, and culturing in flowing water; after water is changed, when the concentration of the microalgae introduced into the extended culture pond is low, the microalgae artificially cultured can be added in an auxiliary manner, and then running water culture is carried out; the water in the shellfish culture pond is discharged and then filtered by the mangrove marsh of the artificial wetland, and the water is purified and then flows back to the expanding culture pond, so that the waste of water resources can be saved, and the culture cost can be reduced.
4) Seedling washing, weighing and measuring: culturing young shellfish in running water for 4-6 days, flushing the young shellfish with a water pump, cleaning the young shellfish with a bolting-silk net, and weighing; the juvenile mollusks are measured, the juvenile mollusks are screened according to different bolting silk meshes, and the next round of running water cultivation is carried out according to the specification and the density in the table 1.
TABLE 1 seed Specification and cultivation Density
| Specification of offspring seeds | Density of cultivation | Remarks (bolting silk net screen) | |
| 1 | 16000 ten thousand granules/kg | 1000-1600 ten thousand grains/m2 | Attached seedling |
| 2 | 5000 ten thousand grains/kg | 500-600 ten thousand particles/m2 | 80 mesh bolting silk |
| 3 | 3000 ten thousand grains/kg | 300-400 ten thousand particles/m2 | 60 mu bolting silk |
| 4 | 800 ten thousand grains/kg | 100-120 ten thousand particles/m2 | 40 mesh bolting silk |
| 5 | 250 ten thousand grains/kg | 60-80 ten thousand grains/m2 | 30 mesh bolting silk |
| 6 | 160 ten thousand grains/kg | 50-60 ten thousand grains/m2 | 25 mesh bolting silk |
The traditional culture method is used for culturing young shellfish in a nursery room with 4-5 kilosquare meters, but the cultured young shellfish is small in size and single in variety, 1-2 hundred million young shellfish with the specification of 160 ten thousand grains/kg can be obtained, and the facility requirement is high. By the method, about 100 hundred million seedlings with the specification of 160 ten thousand grains/kg can be cultured in a seedling room/seedling pond with the culture scale of 4-5 kilo square meters, the seedlings with large individuals and various varieties can be cultured, the requirement on indoor culture facilities is lowered, and the culture cost is obviously saved.
While the invention has been shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a high-efficient cultivation system of economic shellfish juvenile of mud flat, includes that the sea water pond that is used for cultivating alga bait on the seaside and the shellfish culture pond in the nursery room, characterized by: the seawater pond is divided into an algae seed pond and an expanding culture pond,
a first water inlet and outlet channel and a first water inlet and outlet gate for water exchange are arranged between the algae seed pond and the open sea, fresh seawater with algae can be introduced into the algae seed pond, the algae seed pond is used for carefully selecting and culturing proper algae seeds, and then the algae seed seawater with a certain concentration is obtained through rapid culture;
a pond moving and expanding culture pipeline is arranged between the algae seed pond and the expanding culture pond, and a first water pump is arranged on the pond moving and expanding culture pipeline and used for transferring algae seed seawater in the algae seed pond to the expanding culture pond for directional expanding culture;
a second water inlet and outlet channel and a second water inlet and outlet gate for changing water are arranged between the propagation pond and the open sea and used for introducing culture water rich in nutrient substances, and the propagation pond is used for directionally propagating algae seeds in algae seed seawater to enable the algae seeds to become dominant species in the water and be stable in the water for a long time, so that large-scale microalgae baits are cultured to obtain propagation algae water;
oxygen increasing machines are arranged in the algae seed pond and the propagation pond and are used for promoting the propagation of algae;
the shellfish culture pond is used for flowing water culture of shellfish, and realizes mixed feeding by adding artificial culture microalgae to mix and expand culture algae water; a drainage river channel and a water inlet pipeline are arranged between the shellfish culture pond and the shellfish culture pond, a second water pump is installed on the water inlet pipeline and used for guiding the shellfish culture pond with the spread algae water to the shellfish culture pond for feeding, and the drainage river channel is used for returning the water overflowing from the shellfish culture pond to form circulating running water with directional water flow;
mangrove forests and salt-tolerant plants are cultivated around the seedling raising chamber and are used for purifying and filtering water discharged from the seedling raising chamber and water flowing back in a drainage river channel.
2. An efficient cultivation method of young shellfish of economic shellfish on mudflat is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
step one, constructing a bait pond: building a seawater pond with the size of 25 +/-2 mu, dividing the seawater pond into an algae seed pond with the size of 5-8 mu and an expansion culture pond with the size of 20 +/-2 mu, and introducing seawater into the algae seed pond and the expansion culture pond;
observing the algae phase in the algae species pond, and selecting proper algae species: selecting unicellular algae with proper cell size as algae seeds for culture, draining water in an algae seed pond if the algae seeds are different, disinfecting the algae seed pond, introducing fresh seawater again for selection, controlling the salinity of water to be 15-30 per mill, performing microscopic examination on algae phases, and entering the next step after the algae phases are proper;
step three, pond rich water culture: an oxygen increasing machine is arranged in the algae seed pond, the algae seed pond works 24 hours all day long, oxygen increasing propagation is carried out, inorganic fertilizer is needed to be added when the density of single-cell algae in the algae seed pond is too low, the algae cells are rapidly propagated to a certain scale, the specified propagation density is reached, and the propagation density is 4-5 ten thousand cells/ml;
step four, continuously moving a pond and expanding culture: introducing 1/3 algae water reaching the specified culture expanding concentration in the algae species pond into the culture expanding pond by using a water pump for culture expanding, adding water into the algae species pond again to the original water level, and repeating the pond moving operation if the specified culture expanding density is reached in the algae species pond again after a period of time;
step five, directionally culturing the microalgae in the pond: an aerator is arranged in the expanding culture pond, works 24 hours a day, and carries out aeration propagation to ensure that the feeding density of the juvenile mollusks is 8-10 ten thousand cells/ml; organic fertilizer can be added when the water in the expanding culture pond is lack of nutrition;
step six, juvenile mollusk culture: pumping algae water in the expanding culture pond into a shellfish culture pond of a seedling culture room to culture shellfish in running water, wherein artificial culture microalgae can be added in an auxiliary manner to perform mixed feeding during the period, so as to avoid malnutrition of juvenile shellfish;
and seventhly, purifying water overflowing from the shellfish culture pond by mangrove forest and salt-tolerant plants, and then refluxing the water into the extended culture pond through a river channel to realize water recycling.
3. The efficient cultivating method of young tidal flat economic shellfish as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that: the method for cultivating the young shellfish in the shellfish cultivating pool comprises the following steps:
1) setting the area of a seedling raising pool to be 40-50 square meters, paving an attachment base according to different varieties of young shellfish of the mudflat shellfish according to ecological habits and culture environments of the young shellfish, and paving a soft mud layer with the thickness of 1-2mm, which is deposited after filtering through a 200-mesh bolting silk layer, at the bottom of the pool;
2) fry breeding density: setting density according to the specification of the offspring seeds;
3) culturing in running water: adding seawater in the shellfish culture pond to the water level of 100cm, adding the attaching base, standing for 24 hours until the attaching base is completely precipitated, and uniformly scattering the seedlings into the culture pond; introducing water in the extended culture pond into the shellfish culture pond for running water culture, wherein seawater enters from the water inlet pipeline and flows out from the water outlet pipeline, and the water level is kept at 100 cm; changing water to 40cm water level the next day, adding seawater in the expanding culture pond to 100cm, and culturing in flowing water; after water is changed, when the concentration of the microalgae introduced into the expanding culture pond is low, artificially cultured microalgae can be added in an auxiliary manner, and then running water culture is carried out;
4) seedling washing, weighing and measuring: culturing young shellfish in running water for 4-6 days, flushing the young shellfish with a water pump, cleaning the young shellfish with a bolting-silk net, and weighing; measuring the specification of the young shellfish, sieving the young shellfish according to different bolting silk meshes, and carrying out the next round of running water cultivation according to the specification and density.
4. The efficient cultivating method of young tidal flat economic shellfish as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that: and the salinity of the water quality in the second step is optimally controlled to be 20-25 per mill.
5. The efficient cultivating method of young tidal flat economic shellfish as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that: inorganic fertilizer is added when the cell density of the algae is lower than 1 ten thousand cells/ml.
6. The method for efficiently cultivating young tidal flat economic shellfish as claimed in any one of claims 2-5, which is characterized in that: the inorganic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-55 parts of sodium nitrate, 5-6 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 5-8 parts of medical stone powder, 0.15-0.2 part of ammonium oxalate, 5-6 parts of ferric citrate and 0.04-0.05 part of manganese chloride, wherein the fertilizing amount per mu is 120-200 kg; the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of fermented cow dung, 4-8 parts of glucose and 0.1-0.2 part of corn flour, wherein the fertilizing amount per mu is 350 kilograms.
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