CN113317117A - Method for culturing black ginseng by using wild termite nest - Google Patents
Method for culturing black ginseng by using wild termite nest Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of black ginseng culture, and discloses a method for culturing black ginseng by using a wild termite nest, which comprises the following steps: s1: selecting a storage chamber, and placing a plurality of containers in the storage chamber; s2: digging a primary termite nest in the field, wherein the primary termite nest is the termite nest of the black-wing termites, and placing the primary termite nest in a container; s3: feeding the black-wing termites into the primary termite nest, and artificially feeding the black-wing termites; s4: sprinkling water into the container to maintain the humidity of the primary ant nest; s5: covering a film on the container, sealing the container, and adjusting the temperature and humidity in the storage chamber; s6: and observing the growth condition of the black ginseng in the container after culturing for 15 days. The method is simple, the parent ant nest can be used for culturing the black ginseng, the culturing cost of the black ginseng is reduced, the parent ant nest is utilized, and the purpose of protecting the environment is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of black ginseng culture, in particular to a method for culturing black ginseng by utilizing a wild termite nest.
Background
Xylaria nigripes (Xylaria nigripes) belongs to the kingdom fungi, the phylum Ascomycota, the subdivision Ascomycotina, class, subclass, order Xylovales, family Xylomycoceae, genus Xylocarpus. Xylaria nigripes grows in the waste nests of termites, and sclerotia can be formed in the middle gaps of the termite nests, is commonly called Wuling ginseng and is a rare traditional Chinese medicine. Wulingshen as a medicinal fungus has the effects of strengthening spleen, removing dampness, tranquilizing and allaying excitement, tonifying qi, reinforcing kidney, nourishing blood and the like, can treat diseases such as spleen deficiency, poor appetite, excessive blood loss after delivery and operation, less lactation, gastroptosis, hernia, heart-kidney imbalance type palpitation, insomnia, neurasthenia, depression, infantile convulsion, traumatic injury and the like, improves the body immune function and the like, has a health-preserving function superior to other fungus products, and has high medicinal value.
In the prior art, Chinese patent, publication number is: CN 110663454A, an artificial cultivation method of black ginseng, comprising the following steps: sterilizing fresh radix Linderae, cutting off internal tissues, inoculating into a strain separation solid culture medium, culturing tissue germination, and purifying for 1-3 times to obtain target radix Linderae strain; B. preparing a Wulingshen liquid strain: inoculating the Wuling ginseng strain into a liquid culture medium, and performing shake culture to obtain a target Wuling ginseng liquid strain; C. the cultivation of the Wulingshen comprises the following steps: liquid inoculation is carried out on the Wuling ginseng liquid strain, the Wuling ginseng is cultivated until the Wuling ginseng is mature, and the Wuling ginseng is picked; the raw materials of the strain separation solid culture medium comprise peeled potatoes, polygonum multiflorum thunb, glucose, agar powder, peptone, monopotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate and vitamin B; the raw materials of the liquid culture medium comprise peeled potatoes, glucose, peptone, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate and vitamin B, and the culture method is complex and has high culture cost.
Therefore, there is a need for a method for culturing Lingshen that is low in cost and simple.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for culturing black ginseng by using a wild termite nest so as to reduce the culture cost of black ginseng.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the method for culturing black ginseng by using the wild termite nest comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a storage chamber, placing a plurality of containers in the storage chamber, and sterilizing the storage chamber and the containers;
s2: digging a primary termite nest in the field, wherein the primary termite nest is the termite nest of the black-wing termites, and placing the primary termite nest in a container;
s3: feeding the black-wing termites into the primary termite nest, and artificially feeding the black-wing termites;
s4: sprinkling water into the container to maintain the humidity of the primary ant nest;
s5: covering a film on the container, sealing the container, and adjusting the temperature and humidity in the storage chamber;
s6: and observing the growth condition of the black ginseng in the container after culturing for 15 days.
Further, in S2, the height of the termite nest from the container opening is 5cm to 8 cm.
Has the advantages that: the primary ant nest and the opening of the container have a certain height so as to reserve the growth space of the black ginseng.
Further, in S3, the feeding method of black wing termites is: pulverizing mixture of pine, Cinnamomum camphora, DAYEAN, cyclobalanopsis glauca, fructus Viticis negundo, bamboo, corn stalk, sorghum stalk and cotton seed, and feeding the pulverized mixture to black wing termite.
Has the advantages that: in the scheme, pine, cinnamomum camphora, propranolol, cyclobalanopsis glauca, negundo chastetree, bamboo, corn stalks, sorghum stalks and cotton seeds are used for inducing black-wing termites to arrange, and secretions (mainly formic acid) of the black-wing termites are combined, active fungi (hypha or bacterial down) are generated under the action of the excretions of the black-wing termites and the formic acid, the hypha or the bacterial down obtain organic matters in a primary termite nest, and a rhizoctone or a sclerotium is formed to a certain degree, the rhizoctone breaks out from the primary termite nest at first, and the part of the primary termite nest is a sporocarp to grow into the black-wing ginseng.
Further, in S4, 100g to 200g of water is sprinkled per kilogram of the primary ant nest.
Has the advantages that: and a certain amount of water is sprayed into the primary ant nest to keep the humidity in the primary ant nest, so that a fungus growth environment is created.
Further, in S5, the temperature is 23-25 ℃; the humidity is 24-26%.
Has the advantages that: in the storage room, the temperature and the humidity are regulated and controlled to create the growth environment of the black ginseng.
Further, the particle size of the crushed mixture is 1um to 3 um.
Has the advantages that: the mixture is crushed to a certain particle size, so that the black wing termites can eat the mixture conveniently, and the black wing termites can be raised conveniently.
The principle and the advantages of the scheme are as follows: (1) according to the scheme, the black-wing termites are cultured in the primary termite nest, the black-wing termites are cultured by using secretions and excretions of the black-wing termites, the primary termite nest dug in the field is adopted as the raw material, on one hand, the material is convenient to obtain, on the other hand, a new way is provided for the utilization of the primary termite nest, the harm of the primary termite nest to the natural environment is reduced, the utilization value of the primary termite nest is improved, and more benefits are brought into play.
(2) According to the scheme, a mixture of pine, cinnamomum camphora, propranolol, cyclobalanopsis glauca, negundo chastetree, bamboo, corn stalk, sorghum stalk and cotton seeds is fed to black wing termites to induce the black wing termites to discharge secretions to synthesize ant nests, namely, fungus culture media, active fungi (hypha and velvets) are generated through the formic acid action of the black wing termites, the hypha or the velvets obtain organic matters in the ant nests, rhizopus or sclerotium is formed to a certain degree, the rhizopus is firstly broken out of the fungus culture media and gradually grows into entities, namely, black ginseng, and feasible conditions are provided for cultivating the black ginseng.
(3) In the scheme, the function of the excreta of the black-wing termites and formic acid is utilized, the strains do not need to be put into natural cultivation, the cultivation cost is greatly reduced, and the growth environment of the black ginseng is created.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a container according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the growth of black ginseng in a primary ant nest;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the growth of black ginseng in a primary ant nest.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of specific embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the device comprises a box body 11, a film 12, a cover body 13, a primary ant nest 14, a positioning shaft 15, a one-way valve 16, a supporting plate 17, an air inlet valve 18 and an air cylinder 19.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the method for culturing black ginseng by using the wild termite nest comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a storage chamber, and placing a plurality of containers in the storage chamber, wherein the containers are plastic boxes in the embodiment, and the upper parts of the plastic boxes are opened and are provided with cover bodies 13 for closing the openings;
s2: digging a primary ant nest in the field, wherein the primary ant nest is the nest of the black-wing termites, and placing the primary ant nest in a container (at the moment, weighing 10kg of the primary ant nest), wherein the height of the primary ant nest from an opening of the container is 5-8 cm;
s3: the method comprises the following steps of putting black-wing termites into a protozoon termite nest, and carrying out artificial feeding on the black-wing termites, wherein the specific feeding mode is as follows: crushing a mixture of pine, cinnamomum camphora, DAYEAN, cyclobalanopsis glauca, negundo chastetree, bamboo, corn stalks, sorghum stalks and cotton seeds, wherein the crushed particle size is 1-3 um, and then feeding the crushed mixture to black-fin termites for once every two days;
s4: sprinkling water into the container, wherein each kilogram of the primary ant nest is sprinkled with 100-200 g of water, so as to keep the humidity of the primary ant nest above 70% (detected by a humidity detection device);
s5: covering a thin film 12 on the container, sealing the container by using a cover body 13, and adjusting the temperature and humidity in a storage room, wherein the temperature is 23-25 ℃ in the embodiment; the humidity is 24% -26%;
s6: and observing the growth condition of the black ginseng in the container after culturing for 15 days.
The experiment in this example is as follows:
experiment time: the experimental time is up to six years from 2016, 3 months to 2010, 3 months.
In the initial experiment, the method of example one was used for 21 times, the step S3 was not used, and the black-wing termites were not guided for excrement, that is, only the black-wing termites were put into the primary termite nest and allowed to grow naturally. In the experimental process, only hypha is seen for 20 times, and the black ginseng is successfully cultured for 1 time.
In the middle stage of the experiment, the method of the first example is adopted for 25 times, but the step of S4 is not carried out, only hyphae are seen in 15 times, and the black ginseng is successfully cultivated in 10 times.
In the later period of the experiment, the method of the first embodiment is adopted for 20 times, only hyphae are seen in 5 times, and the probability of successfully cultivating the Wuling ginseng is up to more than 75 percent after 15 times of successful cultivation. The final result is shown in fig. 2 and 3. The diameter of the sporocarp of the Wulingshen is 1-12 cm, and the weight of the Wulingshen is 10-400 g.
In conclusion, in the embodiment, the black-wing termites are cultured in the primary termite nest, the secretes and the excretions of the black-wing termites are used for culturing the black ginseng, and the primary termite nest dug in the field is adopted as the raw material, so that on one hand, the material is convenient to obtain, on the other hand, a new way is provided for the utilization of the primary termite nest, the harm of the primary termite nest to the natural environment is reduced, the utilization value of the primary termite nest is improved, and more benefits are brought into play. Feeding the mixture of pine, cinnamomum camphora, propranolol, cyclobalanopsis glauca, negundo chastetree, bamboo, corn stalks, sorghum stalks and cotton seeds to black wing termites, inducing the black wing termites to discharge secretions to synthesize ant nests, namely, a fungus culture medium, and producing active fungi (hypha and velvets) through the formic acid action of the black wing termites, wherein the hypha or the velvets obtain organic matters in the ant nests to form rhizoctones or sclerotia to a certain degree, the rhizoctones are firstly broken out from the fungus culture medium and gradually grow into entities, namely, the black wing ginseng, so that feasible conditions are provided for black wing ginseng cultivation, the termite excreta and the formic acid action are utilized, the natural cultivation of the strains is not required to be put into, the cultivation cost is greatly reduced, and the black wing ginseng cultivation environment is created.
In this embodiment, a method for obtaining a primary ant nest is further provided to solve the problem of the source of the primary ant nest, specifically: after a required protoant nest (black-wing termite nest) is dug in the field, the protoant nest is transplanted to an artificial feeding field and is put into the protoant nest, so that the black-wing termites can build more protoant nests to ensure the source of the termite nest, ensure the freshness of the protoant nest and simultaneously ensure the continuous supply of the protoant nest. As the primary ant nests are removed, the primary ant nests are cut in alternating cycles, each time 1/3 of the primary ant nest volume is cut.
Example two:
the difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that as shown in fig. 1, in the cultivation process of the black ginseng, a container is used, the container includes a hollow box body 11 with an open upper portion, a film 12 and a cover 13 are arranged on the box body 11, the box body 11 is made of transparent plastic, a supporting plate 17 is vertically and slidably connected in the box body 11, a plurality of air cylinders 19 are arranged below the supporting plate 17, the air cylinders 19 are fixed on the box body 11 through bolts, output shafts of the air cylinders 19 are fixedly connected with the supporting plate 17 through bolts, a plurality of check valves 16 are fixed on the supporting plate 17 through bolts, air below the supporting plate 17 enters the upper portion of the supporting plate 17 through the check valves 16, a plurality of positioning shafts 15 are fixed on the supporting plate 17 through bolts, the upper portions of the positioning shafts 15 are tapered, and air inlet valves 18 are fixed on the box body 11 below the supporting plate 17 through bolts.
The specific implementation process is as follows:
when the operation is performed at S2, the operator puts the termite nest 14 dug from the field into the box 11, and performs positioning by the positioning shaft 15, and since the upper portion of the positioning shaft 15 is tapered, the operator can insert the termite nest 14 conveniently, so as to achieve the purpose of positioning.
The operator starts the cylinder 19, and the cylinder 19 drives the support plate 17 to vertically slide to adjust the height of the primary ant nest 14, so that the distance from the primary ant nest 14 to the opening of the box body 11 is adjusted, a certain amount of water is sprayed to the primary ant nest 14, the film 12 is covered on the opening of the box body 11, and then the cover body 13 is used for pressing the film 12.
In the steps S3 to S6, the operator may introduce humid air into the box 11 through the air inlet valve 18 according to the specific humidity of the primary ant nest 14, and the humid air enters the primary ant nest 14 through the one-way valve 16, so as to achieve the purpose of introducing oxygen or moisture into the primary ant nest 14. In this embodiment, the support plate 17 and the check valve 16 are made of plastic.
In conclusion, the container adopted in the embodiment is convenient for adjusting the temperature and humidity of the primary ant nest 14, and the storage chamber adjusts the external humidity and temperature, so as to provide powerful conditions for cultivating the lindera aggregata.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge in the art of designing and/or characterizing particular aspects and/or features is not described in any greater detail herein. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. The method for culturing black ginseng by using the wild termite nest is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a storage chamber, placing a plurality of containers in the storage chamber, and sterilizing the storage chamber and the containers;
s2: digging a primary termite nest in the field, wherein the primary termite nest is the termite nest of the black-wing termites, and placing the primary termite nest in a container;
s3: feeding the black-wing termites into the primary termite nest, and artificially feeding the black-wing termites;
s4: sprinkling water into the container to maintain the humidity of the primary ant nest;
s5: covering a film on the container, sealing the container, and adjusting the temperature and humidity in the storage chamber;
s6: and observing the growth condition of the black ginseng in the container after culturing for 15 days.
2. The method for culturing black ginseng using wild termite nest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S2, the height of the primary ant nest from the opening of the container is 5-8 cm.
3. The method for culturing black ginseng using wild termite nest according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S3, the feeding mode of the black wing termites is as follows: pulverizing mixture of pine, Cinnamomum camphora, DAYEAN, cyclobalanopsis glauca, fructus Viticis negundo, bamboo, corn stalk, sorghum stalk and cotton seed, and feeding the pulverized mixture to black wing termite.
4. The method for culturing black ginseng using wild termite nest according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S4, 100 g-200 g of water is sprinkled per kilogram of primary ant nest.
5. The method for culturing black ginseng using wild termite nest according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S5, the temperature is 23-25 ℃; the humidity is 24-26%.
6. The method for culturing black ginseng using wild termite nest according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the particle size of the crushed mixture is 1 um-3 um.
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