CN113303282A - Method for improving early development of Qimeng black goats based on hybridization and mating device - Google Patents
Method for improving early development of Qimeng black goats based on hybridization and mating device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the early development of Qimeng black goats based on hybridization and a mating device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: selecting female parent/male parent, culturing before hybridization, and hybridizing to obtain a first generation hybrid sheep; culturing the first generation hybrid sheep to a mature sheep, and hybridizing after screening to obtain a second generation hybrid sheep; culturing the second generation hybrid sheep to mature sheep, screening and hybridizing to obtain an improved Qimeng black goat; the mating device comprises: the bottom mounting frame, a first auxiliary frame which is arranged on the mounting frame and is used for assisting and fixing the head of the ewe, a second auxiliary frame which is used for assisting and fixing the waist of the ewe, and an auxiliary limiting frame which is used for assisting and limiting the tail of the ram; compared with the traditional pure Qimeng black goat, the improved Qimeng black goat obtained by hybridization by the method has greater advantages in early development, effectively overcomes the defect of slow growth speed of the Yimeng black goat, and has obvious breed improvement effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Qimeng black goat improvement and cultivation, in particular to a method for improving early development of Qimeng black goats based on hybridization and a mating device.
Background
The Yimeng black goat is a multi-purpose variety of meat, down, hair and skin formed under natural conditions in mountainous areas as a good variety in goats, and belongs to a dual-purpose sheep of down, hair and meat.
The Yimeng black goat meat is rich in nutrition, and contains 13.3% of protein, 4.6% of fat and 367 calories. The mutton is soft and easy to digest, and generally healthy people can digest more than 90% of crude protein and more than 98% of fat in the mutton. Yimeng black goat meat is tender, red and uniform in color, small in mutton smell, fragrant in taste and not greasy in taste when being eaten. The fat content is 2 times more than that of beef, the heat content is 1 time more than that of beef, the calcium content is 50% more than that of beef, the calcium content is almost equal to that of pork, the iron content is 1 time more than that of beef and 4 times more than that of pork, and the cholesterol content is low. Is rich in various trace elements, is a good product in meat and has certain reputation in the international market.
Because of slow growth speed and low lambing rate, one fetus in one year and at most two fetuses are provided, and each fetus is basically provided with only one fetus, so that the existing number of the lambs is small.
The Chuan black goat has the advantages of fast growth and development in the early stage, precocity, high reproductive capacity, strong adaptability and the like.
Furthermore, the defects of slow growth rate and low lambing rate of the Yimeng black goat can be effectively improved by hybridizing the Chuan black goat and the Yimeng black goat.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method and a mating device for improving the early development of Qimeng black goats based on hybridization.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for improving the early development of Qimeng black goats based on hybridization specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: selection of hybrid female/male parents
S1-1: selecting pure Qimeng black goats: selecting 7-8-month-old pure Qimeng black female goats, and selecting 10-12-month-old pure Qimeng black male goats;
s1-2: selecting pure Sichuan black goats: selecting 6-7 months old pure breed ewe in the mother river, and selecting 7-9 months old pure breed ewe in the father river;
s2: cultivation before hybridization female parent/male parent hybridization
Culturing the selected pure Qimeng black goats and pure Chuzhong black goats for 2-4 months before mating;
s3: mating the first generation to obtain the first generation hybrid sheep
Carrying out first primary mating by taking a pure breed Qimeng black female goat as a female parent and a pure breed Gongchuan black goat as a male parent, and hybridizing to obtain a first primary hybrid goat; the female lamb of the first generation hybrid sheep is recorded with the number F1A1, and the male lamb of the first generation hybrid sheep is recorded with the number F1A 2;
carrying out first-time first-generation mating by taking a pure-breed black goat in the mother-Sichuan as a female parent and a Qimeng black male goat as a male parent, and hybridizing to obtain a second-generation hybrid goat; the female lambs of the second primary generation hybrid sheep are recorded with the number F1B1, and the male lambs of the second primary generation hybrid sheep are recorded with the number F1B 2;
F1A1, F1A2, F1B1 and F1B2 are the first generation hybrid sheep;
s4: culture of first generation hybrid sheep
Culturing the first generation hybrid sheep until the first generation hybrid sheep reaches the mating age; recording growth data of each lamb from growth to growth in the culture;
s5: mating the second generation to obtain the second generation hybrid sheep
Screening out high-quality first-generation hybrid sheep according to growth data;
carrying out second generation mating by taking the first generation hybrid female sheep as a female parent and taking a pure breed Qimeng black male goat as a male parent to obtain a first second generation hybrid sheep; numbering the female lambs of the first generation of the first-second generation of the hybrid sheep with the record number of F2A1, and numbering the male lambs of the first generation of the first-second generation of the hybrid sheep with the record number of F2A 2;
carrying out second-generation mating by taking the first-generation hybrid male sheep as a male parent and taking a pure Qimeng black mountain female sheep as a female parent to obtain a second-generation hybrid sheep; recording the female lamb of the second generation hybrid sheep with the number F2B1, and recording the male lamb of the second generation hybrid sheep with the number F2B 2;
F2A1, F2A2, F2B1 and F2B2 second generation hybrid sheep;
s6: culture of second generation hybrid sheep
Culturing the second generation hybrid sheep until the second generation hybrid sheep reaches the mating age; recording growth data of each lamb from growth to growth in the culture;
s7: third generation mating
And (4) screening second-generation hybrid sheep with excellent quality according to growth data, and performing third-generation mating by using the second-generation hybrid sheep to obtain the improved Qimeng black goat.
Further, the S1 takes pedigree as the seed selection basis when selecting pure Qimeng black goats and pure Chuan black goats, and determines the selection range; then, selecting in the determined selection range according to the self identification; the self identification specifically comprises the health of the physique, the growth and development speed of the same age and whether the characteristics of the variety are obvious or not.
Further, the pre-mating culture of S2 specifically adopts a breeding mode in which grazing is mainly used for captive breeding and is supplemented, and specifically comprises: stocking the ewes on the hillside under the condition of ensuring the regional separation of the ewes and the rams in the time period of 8 am to 5 pm, and ensuring the stocking time of 5-8 h every day; and (4) in other time periods except for releasing the sheep, the ewes and the rams are confined in a sheep house under the condition of ensuring the regional separation, and are fed and supplemented as required.
Further, the supplements are specifically: feeding the ewes in a feeding amount of 0.35-0.50 kg/day in a hay period according to seasons; the ram is fed with the feed amount of 0.70-0.90 kg/day in the subtillized period, and the ram is fed with the feed amount of 0.30-0.40 kg/day in the non-subtillized period.
Further, in the primary mating in S3, the number of times of mating is at most 2 times per day according to the estrus of the ram, and the interval from each mating to the next mating is not less than 8 hours; and after each hybridization, the ram is subjected to nutrition supplementation: the feed is an inorganic salt feed rich in vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin D, and is matched with fresh grass or plant straws for nutrition supplement.
Further, the culture of the primary hybrid sheep of S4 specifically comprises: in the stage of the initial hybrid sheep lambs, a captive breeding mode is adopted before the age of 4 months, and a breeding mode of mainly using grazing as captive breeding as assistance is adopted after the age of 4 months.
Further, the improved Qimeng black goat obtained by the S7 needs to be screened and determined as a breeding goat.
Further, the mating is carried out by using a mating device to assist mating; the mating device comprises a bottom mounting frame and an auxiliary frame arranged on the mounting frame;
the bottom mounting rack comprises a waist transverse pipe, and a head end bottom fixing rack and a tail end bottom fixing rack which are respectively welded at the front end and the rear end of the waist transverse pipe;
the auxiliary frame comprises a first auxiliary frame for auxiliary fixation of the head of the ewe, a second auxiliary frame for auxiliary fixation of the waist of the ewe and an auxiliary limiting frame for auxiliary limiting of the tail of the ram;
the first auxiliary frame comprises a first supporting rod which can be arranged at the front end of the head end bottom fixing frame and a neck limiting ring which is arranged on the first supporting rod;
the second auxiliary frame comprises two telescopic rods which are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the transverse waist pipe, two second supporting rods which are respectively arranged on the outer side ends of the two telescopic rods, 6-10 transverse limiting rods which are uniformly arranged on the upper half parts of the two second supporting rods from top to bottom and a waist restraining fastening belt which can wind the transverse limiting rods to fasten the waist of the ewe;
the auxiliary limiting frame comprises two third supporting rods which are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the rear end of the tail end bottom fixing frame and two limiting plates which are respectively arranged on the two third supporting rods through a transverse telescopic component.
Furthermore, the transverse telescopic member comprises a threaded rod which penetrates through the third supporting rod and is in threaded connection with the third supporting rod, a bearing ring which is arranged at the inner side end of the threaded rod and used for connecting a limiting plate, and an adjusting handle which is arranged at the outer side end of the threaded rod.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the traditional pure Qimeng black goat, the improved Qimeng black goat obtained by hybridization by the method has greater advantages in early development, effectively overcomes the defect of slow growth speed of the Yimeng black goat, and has obvious breed improvement effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a mating device of the present invention;
the device comprises a base, a waist transverse tube, a head end base fixing frame, a tail end base fixing frame, a 2-auxiliary frame, a first supporting rod, a neck limiting ring, a second auxiliary frame, a 221-telescopic rod, a second supporting rod, a transverse limiting rod, a 23-auxiliary limiting frame, a 231-third supporting rod, a 232-limiting plate, a 233-transverse telescopic component, a 2331-threaded rod and a 2332-adjusting handle, wherein the base is 1-a base mounting frame, the waist transverse tube is 11-a head end base fixing frame, the tail end base fixing frame is 13-a tail end base fixing frame, the auxiliary frame is 21-a first auxiliary frame, the 211-a first supporting rod, the neck limiting ring is 212-a neck limiting ring, the second auxiliary frame is 221-a telescopic rod, the 222-a second supporting rod, the 223-a transverse limiting rod, the 23-an auxiliary limiting frame, the 231-a third supporting rod, the 232-a limiting plate, the 233-a transverse telescopic component, a 2331-threaded rod and a 2332-adjusting handle.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the method of carrying out the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1: a method for improving the early development of Qimeng black goats based on hybridization specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: selection of hybrid female/male parents
Determining the selection range by using the pedigree as the seed selection basis
S1-1: selecting pedigree as a seed selection basis, and determining to select pure Qimeng black goats; then selecting 7-month-old pure Qimeng black female goats and 10-month-old pure Qimeng black male goats which have better physical health, obvious variety characteristics and faster growth and development than the same-age goats in a determined selection range according to the identification of the Qimeng black female goats and the Qimeng black male goats;
s1-2: and (3) determining to select pure Chuan black goats according to pedigree as a seed selection basis: then selecting 6-month-old pure breed ewe in the mother-Chuan and 7-month-old pure breed boar in the male-Chuan within a determined selection range according to the self identification;
s2: cultivation before hybridization female parent/male parent hybridization
Culturing the pure Qimeng black goats and the pure Chuan black goats for 2 months before hybridization; wherein, culture before mating specifically adopts the mode of raising that grazing is mainly captivity and is assisted, specifically is: stocking the ewes on the hillside under the condition of ensuring the region separation of the ewes and the rams in the time period of 8 am to 5 pm, and ensuring 5h stocking time per day; in other time periods except for releasing the sheep, the ewes and the rams are confined in a sheep pen under the condition of ensuring the regional separation, and are fed according to the needs; the feeding and supplementing concrete is as follows: feeding the ewes in a feeding amount of 0.35-0.50 kg/day in a hay period according to seasons; feeding the ram with the feeding amount of 0.70-0.90 kg/day in the subtillized period, and feeding the ram with the feeding amount of 0.30-0.40 kg/day in the non-subtillized period;
s3: mating the first generation to obtain the first generation hybrid sheep
Carrying out first primary mating by taking a pure breed Qimeng black female goat as a female parent and a pure breed Gongchuan black goat as a male parent, and hybridizing to obtain a first primary hybrid goat; the female lamb of the first generation hybrid sheep is recorded with the number F1A1, and the male lamb of the first generation hybrid sheep is recorded with the number F1A 2;
carrying out first-time first-generation mating by taking a pure-breed black goat in the mother-Sichuan as a female parent and a Qimeng black male goat as a male parent, and hybridizing to obtain a second-generation hybrid goat; the female lambs of the second primary generation hybrid sheep are recorded with the number F1B1, and the male lambs of the second primary generation hybrid sheep are recorded with the number F1B 2;
F1A1, F1A2, F1B1 and F1B2 are the first generation hybrid sheep;
among them, it should be noted that: 1 time of hybridization is carried out every day according to the estrus condition of the ram, and the interval from the completion of each hybridization to the next hybridization is not less than 8 hours; and after each hybridization, the ram is subjected to nutrition supplementation: the feed is an inorganic salt feed rich in vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin D, and is matched with fresh grass or plant straws for nutrition supplement;
s4: culture of first generation hybrid sheep
Culturing the first generation hybrid sheep until the first generation hybrid sheep reaches the mating age; recording growth data of each lamb from growth to growth in the culture; in the stage of the initial hybrid sheep lambs, a captive breeding mode is adopted before 4 months of age, and a breeding mode of mainly using grazing as captive breeding as assistance is adopted after 4 months of age;
s5: mating the second generation to obtain the second generation hybrid sheep
Screening out high-quality first-generation hybrid sheep according to growth data;
carrying out second generation mating by taking the first generation hybrid female sheep as a female parent and taking a pure breed Qimeng black male goat as a male parent to obtain a first second generation hybrid sheep; numbering the female lambs of the first generation of the first-second generation of the hybrid sheep with the record number of F2A1, and numbering the male lambs of the first generation of the first-second generation of the hybrid sheep with the record number of F2A 2;
carrying out second-generation mating by taking the first-generation hybrid male sheep as a male parent and taking a pure Qimeng black mountain female sheep as a female parent to obtain a second-generation hybrid sheep; recording the female lamb of the second generation hybrid sheep with the number F2B1, and recording the male lamb of the second generation hybrid sheep with the number F2B 2;
F2A1, F2A2, F2B1 and F2B2 second generation hybrid sheep;
s6: culture of second generation hybrid sheep
Culturing the second generation hybrid sheep until the second generation hybrid sheep reaches the mating age; recording growth data of each lamb from growth to growth in the culture;
s7: third generation mating
Screening out second generation hybrid sheep with excellent quality according to growth data, and carrying out third generation mating by using the second generation hybrid sheep to obtain an improved Qimeng black goat, which specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, utilizing F2A1 type second generation hybrid sheep as a female parent and utilizing F2B2 type second generation hybrid sheep as a male parent to mate to obtain an improved Qimeng black goat, and utilizing F2B1 type second generation hybrid sheep as a female parent and utilizing F2A2 type second generation hybrid sheep as a male parent to mate to obtain an improved Qimeng black goat;
finally, the improved Qimeng black goats need to be screened so as to determine breeding goats;
wherein, the selection and reservation requirements of the stud ram are as follows: the ram is high in body height, long in body length, wide in forehead, slightly long in mouth, and wide and deep in the chest; the waist and back are wide and straight, the limbs are thick, the abdominal circumference is not large, the testis is developed and the size is the same, and the pillow has no innocent character, has male appearance, is healthy, has good fur quality and large fur quantity;
requirements of breeding ewes: large body, developed front and back trunk, good breast structure, high elasticity, obvious mammary vein, and moderate size and length of nipple; the milk yield is high, and the high yield period is long; large feed intake, large number of farrowing, strong maternal quality and good lactation performance.
In the method of the embodiment, mating is assisted by using a mating device; the mating device comprises a bottom mounting frame 1 and an auxiliary frame 2 mounted on the mounting frame 1;
the bottom mounting rack 1 comprises a waist transverse pipe 11, and a head end bottom fixing rack 12 and a tail end bottom fixing rack 13 which are respectively welded at the front end and the rear end of the waist transverse pipe 11;
the auxiliary frame 2 comprises a first auxiliary frame 21 for auxiliary fixation of the head of the ewe, a second auxiliary frame 22 for auxiliary fixation of the waist of the ewe and an auxiliary limiting frame 23 for auxiliary limiting of the tail of the ram;
the first auxiliary frame 21 comprises a first supporting rod 211 capable of being installed at the front end of the head end bottom fixing frame 12 and a neck limiting ring 212 installed on the first supporting rod 211;
the second auxiliary frame 22 comprises two telescopic rods 221 respectively installed on the left side and the right side of the waist transverse tube 11, two second support rods 222 respectively installed on the outer side ends of the two telescopic rods 221, 6 transverse limiting rods 223 evenly installed on the upper half parts of the two second support rods 222 from top to bottom, and a waist tightening belt capable of tightening the waist of the ewe in a winding mode between the transverse limiting rods 223;
the auxiliary limiting frame 23 comprises two third support rods 231 respectively installed at the left and right sides of the rear end of the tail end bottom fixing frame 13 and two limiting plates 232 respectively installed on the two third support rods 231 through transverse telescopic members 233; the lateral telescopic member 233 includes a threaded rod 2331 penetrating the third support rod 231 and threadedly coupled to the third support rod 231, a bearing ring mounted at an inner end of the threaded rod 2331 for connecting the position-limiting plate 232, and an adjusting knob 2332 mounted at an outer end of the threaded rod 2331.
Example 2: a method for improving the early development of Qimeng black goats based on hybridization specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: selection of hybrid female/male parents
Determining the selection range by using the pedigree as the seed selection basis
S1-1: selecting pedigree as a seed selection basis, and determining to select pure Qimeng black goats; then, selecting 8-month-old pure Qimeng black female goats and 11-month-old pure Qimeng black male goats which have better physical health, obvious variety characteristics and faster growth and development than the same-age goats in a determined selection range according to self identification;
s1-2: and (3) determining to select pure Chuan black goats according to pedigree as a seed selection basis: then selecting 6-month-old pure breed ewe in the mother-Chuan and 8-month-old pure breed boar in the male-Chuan within a determined selection range according to the self identification;
s2: cultivation before hybridization female parent/male parent hybridization
Culturing the pure Qimeng black goats and the pure Chuan black goats for 3 months before hybridization; wherein, culture before mating specifically adopts the mode of raising that grazing is mainly captivity and is assisted, specifically is: stocking the ewes on the hillside under the condition of ensuring the region separation of the ewes and the rams in the time period of 8 am to 5 pm, and ensuring 6h stocking time per day; in other time periods except for releasing the sheep, the ewes and the rams are confined in a sheep pen under the condition of ensuring the regional separation, and are fed according to the needs; the feeding and supplementing concrete is as follows: feeding the ewes in a feeding amount of 0.35-0.50 kg/day in a hay period according to seasons; feeding the ram with the feeding amount of 0.70-0.90 kg/day in the subtillized period, and feeding the ram with the feeding amount of 0.30-0.40 kg/day in the non-subtillized period;
s3: mating the first generation to obtain the first generation hybrid sheep
Carrying out first primary mating by taking a pure breed Qimeng black female goat as a female parent and a pure breed Gongchuan black goat as a male parent, and hybridizing to obtain a first primary hybrid goat; the female lamb of the first generation hybrid sheep is recorded with the number F1A1, and the male lamb of the first generation hybrid sheep is recorded with the number F1A 2;
carrying out first-time first-generation mating by taking a pure-breed black goat in the mother-Sichuan as a female parent and a Qimeng black male goat as a male parent, and hybridizing to obtain a second-generation hybrid goat; the female lambs of the second primary generation hybrid sheep are recorded with the number F1B1, and the male lambs of the second primary generation hybrid sheep are recorded with the number F1B 2;
F1A1, F1A2, F1B1 and F1B2 are the first generation hybrid sheep;
among them, it should be noted that: 1 time of hybridization is carried out every day according to the estrus condition of the ram, and the interval from the completion of each hybridization to the next hybridization is not less than 8 hours; and after each hybridization, the ram is subjected to nutrition supplementation: the feed is an inorganic salt feed rich in vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin D, and is matched with fresh grass or plant straws for nutrition supplement;
s4: culture of first generation hybrid sheep
Culturing the first generation hybrid sheep until the first generation hybrid sheep reaches the mating age; recording growth data of each lamb from growth to growth in the culture; in the stage of the initial hybrid sheep lambs, a captive breeding mode is adopted before 4 months of age, and a breeding mode of mainly using grazing as captive breeding as assistance is adopted after 4 months of age;
s5: mating the second generation to obtain the second generation hybrid sheep
Screening out high-quality first-generation hybrid sheep according to growth data;
carrying out second generation mating by taking the first generation hybrid female sheep as a female parent and taking a pure breed Qimeng black male goat as a male parent to obtain a first second generation hybrid sheep; numbering the female lambs of the first generation of the first-second generation of the hybrid sheep with the record number of F2A1, and numbering the male lambs of the first generation of the first-second generation of the hybrid sheep with the record number of F2A 2;
carrying out second-generation mating by taking the first-generation hybrid male sheep as a male parent and taking a pure Qimeng black mountain female sheep as a female parent to obtain a second-generation hybrid sheep; recording the female lamb of the second generation hybrid sheep with the number F2B1, and recording the male lamb of the second generation hybrid sheep with the number F2B 2;
F2A1, F2A2, F2B1 and F2B2 second generation hybrid sheep;
s6: culture of second generation hybrid sheep
Culturing the second generation hybrid sheep until the second generation hybrid sheep reaches the mating age; recording growth data of each lamb from growth to growth in the culture;
s7: third generation mating
Screening out second generation hybrid sheep with excellent quality according to growth data, and carrying out third generation mating by using the second generation hybrid sheep to obtain an improved Qimeng black goat, which specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, utilizing F2A1 type second generation hybrid sheep as a female parent and utilizing F2A2 type second generation hybrid sheep as a male parent to mate to obtain an improved Qimeng black goat, and utilizing F2B1 type second generation hybrid sheep as a female parent and utilizing F2B2 type second generation hybrid sheep as a male parent to mate to obtain an improved Qimeng black goat;
finally, the improved Qimeng black goats need to be screened so as to determine breeding goats;
wherein, the selection and reservation requirements of the stud ram are as follows: the ram is high in body height, long in body length, wide in forehead, slightly long in mouth, and wide and deep in the chest; the waist and back are wide and straight, the limbs are thick, the abdominal circumference is not large, the testis is developed and the size is the same, and the pillow has no innocent character, has male appearance, is healthy, has good fur quality and large fur quantity;
requirements of breeding ewes: large body, developed front and back trunk, good breast structure, high elasticity, obvious mammary vein, and moderate size and length of nipple; the milk yield is high, and the high yield period is long; large feed intake, large number of farrowing, strong maternal quality and good lactation performance.
Example 3: a method for improving the early development of Qimeng black goats based on hybridization specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: selection of hybrid female/male parents
Determining the selection range by using the pedigree as the seed selection basis
S1-1: selecting pedigree as a seed selection basis, and determining to select pure Qimeng black goats; then, selecting 8-month-old pure Qimeng black female goats and 12-month-old pure Qimeng black male goats which have better physical health, obvious variety characteristics and faster growth and development than the same-age goats in a determined selection range according to self identification;
s1-2: and (3) determining to select pure Chuan black goats according to pedigree as a seed selection basis: then selecting 7-month-old pure breed ewe in the mother-Chuan and 9-month-old pure breed boar in the male-Chuan within a determined selection range according to the self identification;
s2: cultivation before hybridization female parent/male parent hybridization
Culturing the pure Qimeng black goats and the pure Chuan black goats for 4 months before hybridization; wherein, culture before mating specifically adopts the mode of raising that grazing is mainly captivity and is assisted, specifically is: stocking the ewes on the hillside under the condition of ensuring the region separation of the ewes and the rams in the time period of 8 am to 5 pm, and ensuring the stocking time of 8h per day; in other time periods except for releasing the sheep, the ewes and the rams are confined in a sheep pen under the condition of ensuring the regional separation, and are fed according to the needs; the feeding and supplementing concrete is as follows: feeding the ewes in a feeding amount of 0.35-0.50 kg/day in a hay period according to seasons; feeding the ram with the feeding amount of 0.70-0.90 kg/day in the subtillized period, and feeding the ram with the feeding amount of 0.30-0.40 kg/day in the non-subtillized period;
s3: mating the first generation to obtain the first generation hybrid sheep
Carrying out first primary mating by taking a pure breed Qimeng black female goat as a female parent and a pure breed Gongchuan black goat as a male parent, and hybridizing to obtain a first primary hybrid goat; the female lamb of the first generation hybrid sheep is recorded with the number F1A1, and the male lamb of the first generation hybrid sheep is recorded with the number F1A 2;
carrying out first-time first-generation mating by taking a pure-breed black goat in the mother-Sichuan as a female parent and a Qimeng black male goat as a male parent, and hybridizing to obtain a second-generation hybrid goat; the female lambs of the second primary generation hybrid sheep are recorded with the number F1B1, and the male lambs of the second primary generation hybrid sheep are recorded with the number F1B 2;
F1A1, F1A2, F1B1 and F1B2 are the first generation hybrid sheep;
among them, it should be noted that: breeding 2 times per day according to the estrus condition of the ram, wherein the interval from the completion of each breeding to the next breeding is not less than 8 hours; and after each hybridization, the ram is subjected to nutrition supplementation: the feed is an inorganic salt feed rich in vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin D, and is matched with fresh grass or plant straws for nutrition supplement;
s4: culture of first generation hybrid sheep
Culturing the first generation hybrid sheep until the first generation hybrid sheep reaches the mating age; recording growth data of each lamb from growth to growth in the culture; in the stage of the initial hybrid sheep lambs, a captive breeding mode is adopted before 4 months of age, and a breeding mode of mainly using grazing as captive breeding as assistance is adopted after 4 months of age;
s5: mating the second generation to obtain the second generation hybrid sheep
Screening out high-quality first-generation hybrid sheep according to growth data;
carrying out second generation mating by taking the first generation hybrid female sheep as a female parent and taking a pure breed Qimeng black male goat as a male parent to obtain a first second generation hybrid sheep; numbering the female lambs of the first generation of the first-second generation of the hybrid sheep with the record number of F2A1, and numbering the male lambs of the first generation of the first-second generation of the hybrid sheep with the record number of F2A 2;
carrying out second-generation mating by taking the first-generation hybrid male sheep as a male parent and taking a pure Qimeng black mountain female sheep as a female parent to obtain a second-generation hybrid sheep; recording the female lamb of the second generation hybrid sheep with the number F2B1, and recording the male lamb of the second generation hybrid sheep with the number F2B 2;
F2A1, F2A2, F2B1 and F2B2 second generation hybrid sheep;
s6: culture of second generation hybrid sheep
Culturing the second generation hybrid sheep until the second generation hybrid sheep reaches the mating age; recording growth data of each lamb from growth to growth in the culture;
s7: third generation mating
Screening out second generation hybrid sheep with excellent quality according to growth data, and carrying out third generation mating by using the second generation hybrid sheep to obtain an improved Qimeng black goat, which specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, utilizing F2A1 type second generation hybrid sheep as a female parent and utilizing F2A2 type second generation hybrid sheep as a male parent to mate to obtain an improved Qimeng black goat, and utilizing F2B1 type second generation hybrid sheep as a female parent and utilizing F2B2 type second generation hybrid sheep as a male parent to mate to obtain an improved Qimeng black goat; utilizing F2A1 type second generation hybrid sheep as a female parent and utilizing F2B2 type second generation hybrid sheep as a male parent to mate to obtain an improved Qimeng black goat, utilizing F2B1 type second generation hybrid sheep as a female parent and utilizing F2A2 type second generation hybrid sheep as a male parent to mate to obtain an improved Qimeng black goat;
finally, the improved Qimeng black goats need to be screened so as to determine breeding goats;
wherein, the selection and reservation requirements of the stud ram are as follows: the ram is high in body height, long in body length, wide in forehead, slightly long in mouth, and wide and deep in the chest; the waist and back are wide and straight, the limbs are thick, the abdominal circumference is not large, the testis is developed and the size is the same, and the pillow has no innocent character, has male appearance, is healthy, has good fur quality and large fur quantity;
requirements of breeding ewes: large body, developed front and back trunk, good breast structure, high elasticity, obvious mammary vein, and moderate size and length of nipple; the milk yield is high, and the high yield period is long; large feed intake, large number of farrowing, strong maternal quality and good lactation performance.
Experimental example: tracking and recording the improved Qimeng black goats cultured in the embodiments 1-3 according to the birth time, 1 month age and 1 age of the lambs, and recording the lambs of the Qimeng black goats bred in the same period and performing comparative analysis, wherein the specific analysis is shown in Table 1;
table 1: analytical data record sheet
And (4) conclusion: compared with pure Qimeng black goats, the improved Qimeng black goat hybridized by the embodiment of the invention has better growth speed and has the effect of obviously improving early development.
Claims (9)
1. A method for improving the early development of Qimeng black goats based on hybridization is characterized by specifically comprising the following steps:
s1: selection of hybrid female/male parents
S1-1: selecting pure Qimeng black goats: selecting 7-8-month-old pure Qimeng black female goats, and selecting 10-12-month-old pure Qimeng black male goats;
s1-2: selecting pure Sichuan black goats: selecting 6-7 months old pure breed ewe in the mother river, and selecting 7-9 months old pure breed ewe in the father river;
s2: cultivation before hybridization female parent/male parent hybridization
Culturing the selected pure Qimeng black goats and pure Chuzhong black goats for 2-4 months before mating;
s3: mating the first generation to obtain the first generation hybrid sheep
Carrying out first primary mating by taking a pure breed Qimeng black female goat as a female parent and a pure breed Gongchuan black goat as a male parent, and hybridizing to obtain a first primary hybrid goat; the female lamb of the first generation hybrid sheep is recorded with the number F1A1, and the male lamb of the first generation hybrid sheep is recorded with the number F1A 2;
carrying out first-time first-generation mating by taking a pure-breed black goat in the mother-Sichuan as a female parent and a Qimeng black male goat as a male parent, and hybridizing to obtain a second-generation hybrid goat; the female lambs of the second primary generation hybrid sheep are recorded with the number F1B1, and the male lambs of the second primary generation hybrid sheep are recorded with the number F1B 2;
F1A1, F1A2, F1B1 and F1B2 are the first generation hybrid sheep;
s4: culture of first generation hybrid sheep
Culturing the first generation hybrid sheep until the first generation hybrid sheep reaches the mating age; recording growth data of each lamb from growth to growth in the culture;
s5: mating the second generation to obtain the second generation hybrid sheep
Screening out high-quality first-generation hybrid sheep according to growth data;
carrying out second generation mating by taking the first generation hybrid female sheep as a female parent and taking a pure breed Qimeng black male goat as a male parent to obtain a first second generation hybrid sheep; numbering the female lambs of the first generation of the first-second generation of the hybrid sheep with the record number of F2A1, and numbering the male lambs of the first generation of the first-second generation of the hybrid sheep with the record number of F2A 2;
carrying out second-generation mating by taking the first-generation hybrid male sheep as a male parent and taking a pure Qimeng black mountain female sheep as a female parent to obtain a second-generation hybrid sheep; recording the female lamb of the second generation hybrid sheep with the number F2B1, and recording the male lamb of the second generation hybrid sheep with the number F2B 2;
F2A1, F2A2, F2B1 and F2B2 second generation hybrid sheep;
s6: culture of second generation hybrid sheep
Culturing the second generation hybrid sheep until the second generation hybrid sheep reaches the mating age; recording growth data of each lamb from growth to growth in the culture;
s7: third generation mating
And (4) screening second-generation hybrid sheep with excellent quality according to growth data, and performing third-generation mating by using the second-generation hybrid sheep to obtain the improved Qimeng black goat.
2. The method for improving the early development of the Qimeng black goats based on hybridization according to claim 1, wherein the S1 takes a pedigree as a seed selection basis when pure Qimeng black goats and pure Sichuan black goats are selected, and a selection range is determined; then, selecting in the determined selection range according to the self identification; the self identification specifically comprises the health of the physique, the growth and development speed of the same age and whether the characteristics of the variety are obvious or not.
3. The method for improving the early development of the Qimeng black goats based on hybridization according to claim 1, wherein the pre-hybridization culture of S2 is a breeding mode which mainly adopts grazing as housing culture and is assisted by grazing, and specifically comprises the following steps: stocking the ewes on the hillside under the condition of ensuring the regional separation of the ewes and the rams in the time period of 8 am to 5 pm, and ensuring the stocking time of 5-8 h every day; and (4) in other time periods except for releasing the sheep, the ewes and the rams are confined in a sheep house under the condition of ensuring the regional separation, and are fed and supplemented as required.
4. The method for improving the early development of the Qimeng black goats based on hybridization according to claim 3, wherein the feeding is specifically as follows: feeding the ewes in a feeding amount of 0.35-0.50 kg/day in a hay period according to seasons; the ram is fed with the feed amount of 0.70-0.90 kg/day in the subtillized period, and the ram is fed with the feed amount of 0.30-0.40 kg/day in the non-subtillized period.
5. The method for improving the early development of the Qimeng black goats based on hybridization according to claim 1, wherein the number of times of hybridization is at most 2 times per day according to the oestrus of rams during the primary mating at S3, and the interval from completion of each hybridization to the next hybridization is not less than 8 hours; and after each hybridization, the ram is subjected to nutrition supplementation: the feed is an inorganic salt feed rich in vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin D, and is matched with fresh grass or plant straws for nutrition supplement.
6. The method for improving the early development of Qimeng black goats based on hybridization according to claim 1, wherein the culture of the primary hybrid sheep in S4 is as follows: in the stage of the initial hybrid sheep lambs, a captive breeding mode is adopted before the age of 4 months, and a breeding mode of mainly using grazing as captive breeding as assistance is adopted after the age of 4 months.
7. The method for improving the early development of the Qimeng black goats based on hybridization according to claim 1, wherein the improved Qimeng black goats obtained in S7 are screened to determine the Qimeng black goats as breeding goats.
8. The method for improving the early development of the Qimeng black goats based on hybridization according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the mating is assisted by a mating device; the mating device comprises a bottom mounting frame (1) and an auxiliary frame (2) mounted on the mounting frame (1);
the bottom mounting rack (1) comprises a waist transverse pipe (11) and a head end bottom fixing rack (12) and a tail end bottom fixing rack (13) which are respectively welded at the front end and the rear end of the waist transverse pipe (11);
the auxiliary frame (2) comprises a first auxiliary frame (21) for auxiliary fixing of the head of the ewe, a second auxiliary frame (22) for auxiliary fixing of the waist of the ewe and an auxiliary limiting frame (23) for auxiliary limiting of the tail of the ram;
the first auxiliary frame (21) comprises a first supporting rod (211) which can be arranged at the front end of the head end bottom fixing frame (12) and a neck limiting ring (212) arranged on the first supporting rod (211);
the second auxiliary frame (22) comprises two telescopic rods (221) which are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the waist transverse tube (11), two second supporting rods (222) which are respectively arranged at the outer side ends of the two telescopic rods (221), 6-10 transverse limiting rods (223) which are uniformly arranged at the upper half parts of the two second supporting rods (222) from top to bottom and a waist binding fastening belt which can be wound between the transverse limiting rods (223) and fasten the waist of the ewe;
the auxiliary limiting frame (23) comprises two third supporting rods (231) which are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the rear end of the tail end bottom fixing frame (13) and two limiting plates (232) which are respectively arranged on the two third supporting rods (231) through transverse telescopic members (233).
9. The method for improving the early development of the Qimeng black goat based on the hybridization as claimed in claim 8, wherein the lateral expansion member (233) comprises a threaded rod (2331) penetrating through the third support rod (231) and threaded with the third support rod (231), a bearing ring mounted at the inner end of the threaded rod (2331) for connecting the limit plate (232), and an adjusting handle (2332) mounted at the outer end of the threaded rod (2331).
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