CN113293606A - 一种基于石墨烯的复合抗菌材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种基于石墨烯的复合抗菌材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
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- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于石墨烯的复合抗菌材料的制备方法,所述抗菌材料包括预处理基布,所述预处理基布上、下表面均包覆有改性氧化石墨烯层;所述预处理基布由基布、改性剂表面处理得到;所述改性剂主要包括多巴胺、海藻酸钠、高碘酸钠和乙二醇;所述改性氧化石墨烯层主要由改性氧化石墨烯、硝酸银、柠檬酸钠、硼氢化钠制备得到;所述改性氧化石墨烯为乙二胺接枝的氧化石墨烯。本申请公开了一种基于石墨烯的复合抗菌材料及其制备方法,工艺设计合理,操作简单,制备得到的复合抗菌材料具有优异的抗菌性能,且抗菌组分与棉织物之间粘结性能优异,抗菌性能更持久,实用性更高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及抗菌材料领域,具体为一种基于石墨烯的复合抗菌材料的制备方法。
背景技术
氧化石墨烯(graphene oxide )是石墨烯的氧化物,其颜色为棕黄色,市面上常见的产品有粉末状、片状以及溶液状的。因经氧化后,其上含氧官能团增多而使性质较石墨烯更加活泼,可经由各种与含氧官能团的反应而改善本身性质;氧化石墨烯可视为一种非传统型态的软性材料,具有聚合物、胶体、薄膜,以及两性分子的特性,可应用于多个领域。
抗菌面料,一种具有特殊功能的面料,该面料是经过抗菌整理或含有抗菌纤维,能够抑制织物上的细菌、真菌生长、繁殖或使其失去活性的一类面料,现如今在制备抗菌面料时,一般都是通过抗菌整理剂对针织面料进行整理后实现抗菌抑菌效果,而很少有研究人员利用氧化石墨烯对其进行抗菌改性处理,同时现有面料的抑菌效果依旧无法满足我们的需要,抑菌性能不持久。
基于上述情况,我们公开了一种基于石墨烯的复合抗菌材料及其制备方法,以解决该问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于石墨烯的复合抗菌材料及其制备方法,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种基于石墨烯的复合抗菌材料,所述抗菌材料包括预处理基布,所述预处理基布上、下表面均包覆有改性氧化石墨烯层。
较优化的方案,所述预处理基布由基布、改性剂表面处理得到。
较优化的方案,所述改性剂主要包括多巴胺、海藻酸钠、高碘酸钠和乙二醇。
较优化的方案,所述改性氧化石墨烯层主要由改性氧化石墨烯、硝酸银、柠檬酸钠、硼氢化钠制备得到。
较优化的方案,所述改性氧化石墨烯为乙二胺接枝的氧化石墨烯。
较优化的方案,所述基布为棉织物。
较优化的方案,一种基于石墨烯的复合抗菌材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)准备物料;
2)取Tris溶液,稀盐酸调节pH,加入多巴胺、海藻酸钠和基布,搅拌反应,取出基布洗涤,恒温干燥,干燥后置于高碘酸钠溶液中,35-40℃下避光反应,再置于乙二醇水溶液中浸泡,去离子水洗涤干燥,得到预处理基布;
3)取氧化石墨烯和去离子水,超声分散,超声过程加入氨水,直至溶液pH为10,再加入乙二胺,搅拌反应,水浴下继续搅拌反应2-2.5h,真空抽滤,乙醇、去离子水交替洗涤,真空干燥,得到改性氧化石墨烯;
4)取改性氧化石墨烯和无水乙醇,超声分散,再加入预处理基布,40-50℃下反应2-4h,反应后去离子水洗涤至中性,干燥,得到改性基布;
5)取硝酸银、柠檬酸钠和过氧化氢,20-30℃下依次加入去离子水中,搅拌反应至溶解,再加入硼氢化钠和改性基布,避光搅拌反应,取出改性基布,去离子水洗涤,干燥后再置于硝酸银溶液中,25-40℃下搅拌反应2-4h,洗涤干燥,得到成品。
较优化的方案,包括以下步骤:
1)准备物料;
2)取Tris溶液,稀盐酸调节pH至8-9,加入多巴胺、海藻酸钠和基布,45-48℃下搅拌反应20-22h,取出基布洗涤,70-80℃恒温干燥,干燥后置于高碘酸钠溶液中,35-40℃下避光反应3-4h,再置于乙二醇水溶液中浸泡0.5-0.8h,去离子水洗涤干燥,得到预处理基布;
3)取氧化石墨烯和去离子水,超声分散1.5-2h,超声过程加入氨水,直至溶液pH为10,再加入乙二胺,搅拌反应10-15min,再在80-85℃水浴下继续搅拌反应2-2.5h,真空抽滤,乙醇、去离子水交替洗涤,真空干燥,得到改性氧化石墨烯;
4)取改性氧化石墨烯和无水乙醇,超声分散,再加入预处理基布,40-50℃下反应2-4h,反应后去离子水洗涤至中性,干燥,得到改性基布;
5)取硝酸银、柠檬酸钠和过氧化氢,20-30℃下依次加入去离子水中,搅拌反应至溶解,再加入硼氢化钠和改性基布,避光搅拌反应10-15min,取出改性基布,去离子水洗涤,干燥后再置于硝酸银溶液中,25-40℃下搅拌反应2-4h,洗涤干燥,得到成品。
较优化的方案,步骤3)中,真空干燥的温度为60-70℃。
较优化的方案,步骤4)中,超声分散时间为10-20min。
与现有技术相比,本发明所达到的有益效果是:
本发明公开了一种基于石墨烯的复合抗菌材料及其制备方法,其中包括预处理基布和改性氧化石墨烯层,所述预处理基布主要由基布、改性剂进行表面预处理改性制得,基布包括但不仅限于棉织物、无纺布等常用面料,本实施例中基布主要采用棉织物;取棉织物进行去离子水洗涤,干燥后置于多巴胺、海藻酸钠混合溶液中,多巴胺作为一种贻贝黏附蛋白的衍生物,可在碱性、有氧气和水的环境中发生自聚合形成聚多巴胺薄膜,聚多巴胺薄膜具有优异的粘附性能,可起到“双面胶”的作用,以提高基布与后续改性氧化石墨烯层的粘附性能,同时海藻酸钠也具有较优异的粘结性能,通过海藻酸钠和聚多巴胺相互协同作用,进一步提高基布与后续改性氧化石墨烯层的粘附性能;使得改性氧化石墨烯层不易脱落,从而保证抗菌材料的持久性。
同时,本申请又通过高碘酸钠、乙二醇等组分进行表面氧化处理,用强氧化剂高碘酸钠对海藻酸钠进行氧化,在海藻酸钠分子链上引入更多的醛基,得到表面含有大量醛基的预处理基布;紧接着本申请又进行改性氧化石墨烯的制备,改性氧化石墨烯为乙二胺接枝的氧化石墨烯,当预处理基布置于改性氧化石墨烯悬浮液中后,预处理基布表面的醛基会与氧化石墨烯表面接枝的乙二胺发生席夫碱反应,使得改性氧化石墨烯能够附着在预处理基布表面,同时由于海藻酸钠和聚多巴胺的粘结性能,改性氧化石墨烯与预处理基布之间的粘附性能优异。
接着本申请将基布置于硝酸银、柠檬酸钠和过氧化氢等组分的混合溶液中,加入硼氢化钠,通过控制反应条件,可生成银纳米片并吸附在改性氧化石墨烯层表面,由于基布表面具有氨基、席夫碱反应基团、醛基等大量活性基团,大量增加了银纳米片的瞄固位点,使得银纳米片可均匀分散在基布表面,席夫碱基还能够与银离子发生配位反应,进一步提高产品抗菌性能; 同时海藻酸钠和聚多巴胺也粘结性能也会对银纳米片的粘附起到改善作用;银纳米片负载后,本申请又进行了硝酸银浸渍,此时可在基布表面形成多个银纳米颗粒,由于银纳米片和银纳米颗粒的尺寸化差异,银纳米颗粒可嵌入银纳米片与氧化石墨烯的间隙中,以进一步提高产品抗菌性能。
本申请公开了一种基于石墨烯的复合抗菌材料及其制备方法,工艺设计合理,操作简单,制备得到的复合抗菌材料具有优异的抗菌性能,且抗菌组分与棉织物之间粘结性能优异,抗菌性能更持久,实用性更高。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:
一种基于石墨烯的复合抗菌材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)准备物料;
(2)取Tris溶液,稀盐酸调节pH至8,加入多巴胺、海藻酸钠和基布,45℃下搅拌反应20h,取出基布洗涤,70℃恒温干燥,干燥后置于高碘酸钠溶液中,35℃下避光反应3h,再置于乙二醇水溶液中浸泡0.5h,去离子水洗涤干燥,得到预处理基布;
(3)取氧化石墨烯和去离子水,超声分散1.5h,超声过程加入氨水,直至溶液pH为10,再加入乙二胺,搅拌反应10min,再在80℃水浴下继续搅拌反应2h,真空抽滤,乙醇、去离子水交替洗涤,真空干燥,得到改性氧化石墨烯;其中真空干燥的温度为60℃。
(4)取改性氧化石墨烯和无水乙醇,超声分散,再加入预处理基布,40℃下反应2h,反应后去离子水洗涤至中性,干燥,得到改性基布;其中超声分散时间为10min。
(5)取硝酸银、柠檬酸钠和过氧化氢,20℃下依次加入去离子水中,搅拌反应至溶解,再加入硼氢化钠和改性基布,避光搅拌反应10min,取出改性基布,去离子水洗涤,干燥后再置于硝酸银溶液中,25℃下搅拌反应2h,洗涤干燥,得到成品。
本实施例中,所述基布为棉织物。
实施例2:
一种基于石墨烯的复合抗菌材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)准备物料;
(2)取Tris溶液,稀盐酸调节pH至9,加入多巴胺、海藻酸钠和基布,47℃下搅拌反应21h,取出基布洗涤,75℃恒温干燥,干燥后置于高碘酸钠溶液中,38℃下避光反应3.5h,再置于乙二醇水溶液中浸泡0.6h,去离子水洗涤干燥,得到预处理基布;
(3)取氧化石墨烯和去离子水,超声分散1.8h,超声过程加入氨水,直至溶液pH为10,再加入乙二胺,搅拌反应13min,再在82℃水浴下继续搅拌反应2.4h,真空抽滤,乙醇、去离子水交替洗涤,真空干燥,得到改性氧化石墨烯;其中真空干燥的温度为65℃。
(4)取改性氧化石墨烯和无水乙醇,超声分散,再加入预处理基布,45℃下反应3h,反应后去离子水洗涤至中性,干燥,得到改性基布;其中超声分散时间为15min。
(5)取硝酸银、柠檬酸钠和过氧化氢,25℃下依次加入去离子水中,搅拌反应至溶解,再加入硼氢化钠和改性基布,避光搅拌反应13min,取出改性基布,去离子水洗涤,干燥后再置于硝酸银溶液中,35℃下搅拌反应3h,洗涤干燥,得到成品。
本实施例中,所述基布为棉织物。
实施例3:
一种基于石墨烯的复合抗菌材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)准备物料;
(2)取Tris溶液,稀盐酸调节pH至9,加入多巴胺、海藻酸钠和基布,48℃下搅拌反应22h,取出基布洗涤,80℃恒温干燥,干燥后置于高碘酸钠溶液中,40℃下避光反应4h,再置于乙二醇水溶液中浸泡0.8h,去离子水洗涤干燥,得到预处理基布;
(3)取氧化石墨烯和去离子水,超声分散2h,超声过程加入氨水,直至溶液pH为10,再加入乙二胺,搅拌反应15min,再在85℃水浴下继续搅拌反应2.5h,真空抽滤,乙醇、去离子水交替洗涤,真空干燥,得到改性氧化石墨烯;其中真空干燥的温度为70℃。
(4)取改性氧化石墨烯和无水乙醇,超声分散,再加入预处理基布,50℃下反应4h,反应后去离子水洗涤至中性,干燥,得到改性基布;其中超声分散时间为20min。
(5)取硝酸银、柠檬酸钠和过氧化氢,30℃下依次加入去离子水中,搅拌反应至溶解,再加入硼氢化钠和改性基布,避光搅拌反应15min,取出改性基布,去离子水洗涤,干燥后再置于硝酸银溶液中,40℃下搅拌反应4h,洗涤干燥,得到成品。
本实施例中,所述基布为棉织物。
对比例1:
一种基于石墨烯的复合抗菌材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)准备物料;
(2)取Tris溶液,稀盐酸调节pH至9,加入多巴胺、海藻酸钠和基布,47℃下搅拌反应21h,取出基布洗涤,75℃恒温干燥,干燥后置于高碘酸钠溶液中,38℃下避光反应3.5h,再置于乙二醇水溶液中浸泡0.6h,去离子水洗涤干燥,得到预处理基布;
(3)取氧化石墨烯和去离子水,超声分散1.8h,超声过程加入氨水,直至溶液pH为10,再加入乙二胺,搅拌反应13min,再在82℃水浴下继续搅拌反应2.4h,真空抽滤,乙醇、去离子水交替洗涤,真空干燥,得到改性氧化石墨烯;其中真空干燥的温度为65℃。
(4)取改性氧化石墨烯和无水乙醇,超声分散,再加入预处理基布,45℃下反应3h,反应后去离子水洗涤至中性,干燥,得到改性基布;其中超声分散时间为15min。
(5)取出改性基布,去离子水洗涤,干燥后再置于硝酸银溶液中,35℃下搅拌反应3h,洗涤干燥,得到成品。
本实施例中,所述基布为棉织物。
对比例2:
一种基于石墨烯的复合抗菌材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)准备物料;
(2)取Tris溶液,稀盐酸调节pH至9,加入多巴胺、海藻酸钠和基布,47℃下搅拌反应21h,取出基布洗涤,75℃恒温干燥,得到预处理基布;
(3)取氧化石墨烯和去离子水,超声分散1.8h,超声过程加入氨水,直至溶液pH为10,再加入乙二胺,搅拌反应13min,再在82℃水浴下继续搅拌反应2.4h,真空抽滤,乙醇、去离子水交替洗涤,真空干燥,得到改性氧化石墨烯;其中真空干燥的温度为65℃。
(4)取改性氧化石墨烯和无水乙醇,超声分散,再加入预处理基布,45℃下反应3h,反应后去离子水洗涤至中性,干燥,得到改性基布;其中超声分散时间为15min。
(5)取硝酸银、柠檬酸钠和过氧化氢,25℃下依次加入去离子水中,搅拌反应至溶解,再加入硼氢化钠和改性基布,避光搅拌反应13min,取出改性基布,去离子水洗涤,干燥后再置于硝酸银溶液中,35℃下搅拌反应3h,洗涤干燥,得到成品。
本实施例中,所述基布为棉织物。
对比例3:
一种基于石墨烯的复合抗菌材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)准备物料;
(2)取Tris溶液,稀盐酸调节pH至9,加入多巴胺、海藻酸钠和基布,47℃下搅拌反应21h,取出基布洗涤,75℃恒温干燥,干燥后置于高碘酸钠溶液中,38℃下避光反应3.5h,再置于乙二醇水溶液中浸泡0.6h,去离子水洗涤干燥,得到预处理基布;
(3)取氧化石墨烯和无水乙醇,超声分散,再加入预处理基布,45℃下反应3h,反应后去离子水洗涤至中性,干燥,得到改性基布;其中超声分散时间为15min。
(4)取硝酸银、柠檬酸钠和过氧化氢,25℃下依次加入去离子水中,搅拌反应至溶解,再加入硼氢化钠和改性基布,避光搅拌反应13min,取出改性基布,去离子水洗涤,干燥后再置于硝酸银溶液中,35℃下搅拌反应3h,洗涤干燥,得到成品。
本实施例中,所述基布为棉织物。
对比例4:
一种基于石墨烯的复合抗菌材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)准备物料;
(2)取Tris溶液,稀盐酸调节pH至9,加入多巴胺、海藻酸钠和基布,47℃下搅拌反应21h,取出基布洗涤,75℃恒温干燥,干燥后置于高碘酸钠溶液中,38℃下避光反应3.5h,再置于乙二醇水溶液中浸泡0.6h,去离子水洗涤干燥,得到预处理基布;
(3)取氧化石墨烯和去离子水,超声分散1.8h,超声过程加入氨水,直至溶液pH为10,再加入乙二胺,搅拌反应13min,再在82℃水浴下继续搅拌反应2.4h,真空抽滤,乙醇、去离子水交替洗涤,真空干燥,得到改性氧化石墨烯;其中真空干燥的温度为65℃。
(4)取改性氧化石墨烯和无水乙醇,超声分散,再加入预处理基布,45℃下反应3h,反应后去离子水洗涤至中性,干燥,得到改性基布;其中超声分散时间为15min。
(5)取硝酸银、柠檬酸钠和过氧化氢,25℃下依次加入去离子水中,搅拌反应至溶解,再加入硼氢化钠和改性基布,避光搅拌反应13min,取出改性基布,去离子水洗涤,干燥,得到成品。
本实施例中,所述基布为棉织物。
检测实验:
1、取实施例1-3、对比例1-4制备的抗菌织物成品,依据GB T 20944.3-2008《纺织品 抗菌性能的评价》进行检测,具体抗菌性检测数据如下:
项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | 对比例3 | 对比例4 |
金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌率 | 87.8% | 89.3% | 88.9% | 75.3% | 73.3% | 71.5% | 81.2% |
大肠杆菌抑菌率 | 98.7% | 99.1% | 98.9% | 78.1% | 71.6% | 69.4% | 91.3% |
白色念珠菌抑菌率 | 88.5% | 89.4% | 88.6% | 65.3% | 62.8% | 56.9% | 79.2% |
实施例1-3为依据本发明公开的技术方案制备的抗菌织物成品,对比例1-4为实施例2的对照实验,具体为:
对比例1以实施例2为试验组进行对照,对比例1中并没有经过硝酸银、柠檬酸钠和硼氢化钠处理,只在后续进行硝酸银浸渍,其他步骤参数和组分含量与实施例2一致;观察检测数据后发现,与实施例2相比,对比例1的抗菌性明显下降。
对比例2以实施例2为试验组进行对照,对比例2中并没有高碘酸钠氧化步骤,其他步骤参数和组分含量与实施例2一致;观察检测数据后发现,与实施例2相比,对比例2的抗菌性明显下降,其原因是因为没有通过高碘酸钠进行氧化,其表面并未与改性氧化石墨烯发生席夫碱反应,后续银纳米片和银纳米颗粒的吸附量低,且抗菌持久性也明显低于实施例2。
对比例3以实施例2为试验组进行对照,对比例3中添加了普通氧化石墨烯,其他步骤参数和组分含量与实施例2一致。观察检测数据后发现,与实施例2相比,对比例3的抗菌性能也大大降低。
对比例4以实施例2为试验组进行对照,对比例4中硝酸银、柠檬酸钠和硼氢化钠反应处理后,并没有加入硝酸银中浸渍,其他步骤参数和组分含量与实施例2一致。
2、取实施例1-3、对比例1-4制备的抗菌织物成品,洗涤20次后重新依据GB T20944.3-2008《纺织品 抗菌性能的评价》进行检测,具体抗菌性检测数据如下:
项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | 对比例3 | 对比例4 |
大肠杆菌抑菌率 | 97.9% | 98.7% | 98.5% | 77.4% | 64.6% | 59.1% | 90.5% |
结论:本申请公开了一种基于石墨烯的复合抗菌材料及其制备方法,工艺设计合理,操作简单,制备得到的复合抗菌材料具有优异的抗菌性能,且抗菌组分与棉织物之间粘结性能优异,抗菌性能更持久,实用性更高。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种基于石墨烯的复合抗菌材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)准备物料;
(2)取Tris溶液,稀盐酸调节pH至9,加入多巴胺、海藻酸钠和基布,47℃下搅拌反应21h,取出基布洗涤,75℃恒温干燥,得到预处理基布;所述基布为棉织物;
(3)取氧化石墨烯和去离子水,超声分散1.8h,超声过程加入氨水,直至溶液pH为10,再加入乙二胺,搅拌反应13min,再在82℃水浴下继续搅拌反应2.4h,真空抽滤,乙醇、去离子水交替洗涤,真空干燥,得到改性氧化石墨烯;其中真空干燥的温度为65℃;
(4)取改性氧化石墨烯和无水乙醇,超声分散,再加入预处理基布,45℃下反应3h,反应后去离子水洗涤至中性,干燥,得到改性基布;其中超声分散时间为15min;
(5)取硝酸银、柠檬酸钠和过氧化氢,25℃下依次加入去离子水中,搅拌反应至溶解,再加入硼氢化钠和改性基布,避光搅拌反应13min,取出改性基布,去离子水洗涤,干燥后再置于硝酸银溶液中,35℃下搅拌反应3h,洗涤干燥,得到成品。
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