CN113279249B - 一种碳纤维表面原位自生弥散分布碳化物晶须及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种碳纤维表面原位自生弥散分布碳化物晶须及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开的一种碳纤维表面原位自生弥散分布碳化物晶须的制备方法,具体按照以下步骤实施:步骤1)预先对碳纤维进行沉碳处理;步骤2)将六水合硝酸镍置于研钵中研磨,得到A粉末;步骤3)在A粉末中依次加入KCl、LiCl及KF,充分研磨并混合均匀,得到B粉末;步骤4)在B粉末中加入钛粉,研磨并混合均匀,得到C粉末;步骤5)将经沉碳处理的碳纤维放在石墨坩埚中,并用C粉末包埋,盖上盖子;步骤6)将坩埚放入管式炉的刚玉管中进行热处理,并通入氩气进行气氛保护。该制备方法解决了碳纤维复合材料中的界面结合性能低的问题。还公开了一种碳纤维表面原位自生弥散分布碳化物晶须。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于碳化物晶须制备技术领域,具体涉及一种碳纤维表面原位自生弥散分布碳化物晶须,还涉及该种碳纤维表面原位自生弥散分布碳化物晶须的制备方法。
背景技术
制备碳纤维复合材料前,对碳纤维进行表面改性可以有效改善碳纤维光滑与惰性的表面,提高碳纤维与基体之间的界面结合性能以及碳纤维复合材料的力学性能。在碳纤维表面制备均匀分布的晶须,形成碳纤维-晶须多尺度增强体,可提高碳纤维表面粗糙度,在纳米尺度上对碳纤维表面进行修饰,优化碳纤维表面结构,改善碳纤维与基体间界面性能。其中,碳化物(包括碳化硅、碳化钛、碳化锆、碳化铪等)晶须具有高强度、高模量和与碳纤维良好的物理化学相容性等特性,是良好的碳纤维多尺度增强体组分。若将碳纤维-碳化物晶须多尺度增强体结构引入Cf/SiC、Cf/C等复合材料中,在复合材料中形成微米纤维、纳米晶须多尺度增强体,构成不同尺度的裂纹偏转和增强体拔出等增韧和增强机制,有望进一步提高复合材料的力学性能,促进其在航天航空、军用零件等领域的发展。
目前,在碳纤维或碳纤维预制体表面制备碳化物纳米相(包括纳米线和晶须)的方法有很多,包括溶胶凝胶法、前驱体热解法、化学气相沉积法等,但这些方法均存在一定缺陷。如Yan等人在“in-situ homogeneous growth of ZrC nanowires on carbon clothand their effects on flexural properties of carbon/carbon composites”一文中采用催化剂辅助有机金属聚合物前驱体热解法在碳毡上原位合成了碳化锆纳米线,该方法反应温度较高且成本较高;Kim等人在“Improvement of nanoparticle filtrationefficiency through synthesis of SiC whisker on graphite felt by the VS CVDmechanism”一文中采用化学气相沉积法在碳毡上合成了碳化硅晶须,使用该方法制得的晶须在产量甚至质量受到一定限制;Liu等人在“Synthesis and characterisation ofself-assembled SiC nanowires and nanoribbons by using sol-gel carbothermalreduction”一文中使用二茂铁作为催化剂,通过溶胶-凝胶方法在碳毡中成功制备了六角形的SiC纳米线,该方法的合成工艺较为复杂,且干燥收缩性较大。熔盐反应法利用熔盐介质在较低温度下形成的液相熔体,为反应物提供一个液相环境,在液相环境中反应物粒子接触面积大、迁移速率快、扩散距离短,使得反应在较短时间内完成。采用催化剂辅助熔盐反应法在碳纤维表面制备碳化物晶须具有反应速度快、成本低和工艺简单等优点,是一种易于规模化生产的制备碳纤维-碳化物晶须多尺度增强体的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种碳纤维表面原位自生弥散分布碳化物晶须的制备方法,解决了碳纤维复合材料中的界面结合性能低的问题。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种碳纤维表面原位自生弥散分布碳化物晶须。
本发明所采用的技术方案是,一种碳纤维表面原位自生弥散分布碳化物晶须的制备方法,具体按照以下步骤实施:
步骤1)预先对碳纤维进行沉碳处理,具体操作为,将碳纤维置于管式炉中,在氩气氛围下升温至1080℃后,通入甲烷,在1080℃下保温2~4h;
步骤2)将六水合硝酸镍置于研钵中研磨,得到A粉末;
步骤3)在A粉末中依次加入KCl、LiCl及KF,充分研磨并混合均匀,得到B粉末;
步骤4)在B粉末中加入钛粉,研磨并混合均匀,得到C粉末;
步骤5)将经沉碳处理的碳纤维放在石墨坩埚中,并用C粉末包埋,盖上盖子;
步骤6)将坩埚放入管式炉的刚玉管中进行热处理,并通入氩气进行气氛保护。
本发明的特征还在于,
步骤3中,KCl、LiCl、KF的质量比为1:1:1;KCl、LiCl及KF的质量之和与步骤4中的钛粉的质量之比为3~5:10。
步骤4中,A粉与钛粉的质量比为2~5:20。
步骤6中,热处理过程为:首先以5℃/min~8℃/min的速率,升至700℃~900℃;然后以0.3℃/min~0.5℃/min的升温速率升至800℃~1000℃,再以3℃/min~5℃/min的速率升至1600℃,保温100min~120min;最后以3℃/min~5℃/min的速率降至室温。
步骤6中,在热处理过程中,压力保持在0~0.02MPa之间。
本发明所采用的第二个技术方案是,一种碳纤维表面原位自生弥散分布碳化物晶须,由上述的方法制备得到。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明方法将原料全部研磨粉碎并混合均匀,并将碳纤维包埋其中,为得到均匀分布的晶须奠定了基础。在管式炉烧制结束后得到了晶须弥散分布的碳纤维-碳化物晶须多尺度增强体,可改善碳纤维与基体间界面性能。
本发明方法的晶须长径比为10-250,晶须生长均匀,产率高,纯度高,可作为陶瓷增强体材料,运用在航空航天、军用零件等方面。
本发明方法制备的晶须可以通过改变六水和硝酸镍的含量来控制晶须的长度和数量。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1制得的碳纤维-TiC晶须多尺度增强体的扫描电镜(SEM)照片;
图2是本发明实施例1制得的碳纤维-TiC晶须多尺度增强体的X射线能谱分析(EDS)谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明提供一种碳纤维表面原位自生弥散分布碳化物晶须的制备方法,具体按照以下步骤实施:
步骤1)预先对碳纤维进行沉碳处理,具体操作为,将碳纤维置于管式炉中,在氩气氛围下升温至1080℃后,通入甲烷,在1080℃下保温2~4h;
步骤2)将六水合硝酸镍置于研钵中研磨,得到A粉末;
步骤3)在A粉末中依次加入KCl、LiCl及KF,充分研磨并混合均匀,得到B粉末;
步骤3中,KCl、LiCl、KF的质量比为1:1:1;KCl、LiCl及KF的质量之和与步骤4中的钛粉的质量之比为3~5:10。
步骤4)在B粉末中加入钛粉,研磨并混合均匀,得到C粉末;
步骤4中,A粉与钛粉的质量比为2~5:20。
步骤5)将经沉碳处理的碳纤维放在石墨坩埚中,并用C粉末包埋,盖上盖子;
步骤6)将坩埚放入管式炉的刚玉管中进行热处理,并通入氩气进行气氛保护;
步骤6中,热处理过程为:首先以5℃/min~8℃/min的速率,升至700℃~900℃;然后以0.3℃/min~0.5℃/min的升温速率升至800℃~1000℃,再以3℃/min~5℃/min的速率升至1600℃,保温100min~120min;最后以3℃/min~5℃/min的速率降至室温,在热处理过程中,压力保持在0~0.02MPa之间。
本发明还提供一种碳纤维表面原位自生弥散分布碳化物晶须,由上述的方法制备得到。
实施例1
一种碳纤维表面原位自生弥散分布碳化物晶须的制备方法,具体按照以下步骤实施:
步骤1)预先对碳纤维进行沉碳处理,具体操作为,将碳纤维置于管式炉中,在氩气氛围下升温至1080℃后,通入甲烷,在1080℃下保温3h;
步骤2)将六水合硝酸镍置于研钵中研磨,得到A粉末;
步骤3)在A粉末中依次加入KCl、LiCl及KF,充分研磨并混合均匀,得到B粉末;
步骤3中,KCl、LiCl、KF的质量比为1:1:1;KCl、LiCl及KF的质量之和与步骤4中的钛粉的质量之比为4:10。
步骤4)在B粉末中加入钛粉,研磨并混合均匀,得到C粉末;
步骤4中,A粉与钛粉的质量比为3:20。
步骤5)将经沉碳处理的碳纤维放在石墨坩埚中,并用C粉末包埋,盖上盖子;
步骤6)将坩埚放入管式炉的刚玉管中进行热处理,并通入氩气进行气氛保护;
步骤6中,热处理过程为:首先以8℃/min的速率,升至900℃;然后以0.5℃/min的升温速率升至1000℃,再以5℃/min的速率升至1600℃,保温120min;最后以5℃/min的速率降至室温,在热处理过程中,压力保持在0.01MPa。
从图1中,可以看出碳纤维表面生成了大量针状晶须,且该物质发散状的生长形态可使碳纤维表面的粗糙度增大;
从图2中,可以看出该晶须的组成元素是Ti和C,由此推断,该晶须即为TiC晶须,即TiC晶须可有效提升碳纤维表面粗糙度,从而提高碳纤维的界面结合性能。
实施例2
一种碳纤维表面原位自生弥散分布碳化物晶须的制备方法,具体按照以下步骤实施:
步骤1)预先对碳纤维进行沉碳处理,具体操作为,将碳纤维置于管式炉中,在氩气氛围下升温至1080℃后,通入甲烷,在1080℃下保温2h;
步骤2)将六水合硝酸镍置于研钵中研磨,得到A粉末;
步骤3)在A粉末中依次加入KCl、LiCl及KF,充分研磨并混合均匀,得到B粉末;
步骤3中,KCl、LiCl、KF的质量比为1:1:1;KCl、LiCl及KF的质量之和与步骤4中的钛粉的质量之比为5:10。
步骤4)在B粉末中加入钛粉,研磨并混合均匀,得到C粉末;
步骤4中,A粉与钛粉的质量比为4:20。
步骤5)将经沉碳处理的碳纤维放在石墨坩埚中,并用C粉末包埋,盖上盖子;
步骤6)将坩埚放入管式炉的刚玉管中进行热处理,并通入氩气进行气氛保护;
步骤6中,热处理过程为:首先以5℃/min~8℃/min的速率,升至700℃;然后以0.3℃/min的升温速率升至800℃,再以3℃/min的速率升至1600℃,保温100min;最后以3℃/min的速率降至室温,在热处理过程中,压力保持在0.02MPa。
实施例3
一种碳纤维表面原位自生弥散分布碳化物晶须的制备方法,具体按照以下步骤实施:
步骤1)预先对碳纤维进行沉碳处理,具体操作为,将碳纤维置于管式炉中,在氩气氛围下升温至1080℃后,通入甲烷,在1080℃下保温4h;
步骤2)将六水合硝酸镍置于研钵中研磨,得到A粉末;
步骤3)在A粉末中依次加入KCl、LiCl及KF,充分研磨并混合均匀,得到B粉末;
步骤3中,KCl、LiCl、KF的质量比为1:1:1;KCl、LiCl及KF的质量之和与步骤4中的钛粉的质量之比为3:10。
步骤4)在B粉末中加入钛粉,研磨并混合均匀,得到C粉末;
步骤4中,A粉与钛粉的质量比为2:20。
步骤5)将经沉碳处理的碳纤维放在石墨坩埚中,并用C粉末包埋,盖上盖子;
步骤6)将坩埚放入管式炉的刚玉管中进行热处理,并通入氩气进行气氛保护;
步骤6中,热处理过程为:首先以6℃/min的速率,升至800℃;然后以0.4℃/min的升温速率升至900℃,再以4℃/min的速率升至1600℃,保温110min;最后以4℃/min的速率降至室温,在热处理过程中,压力保持在0.15MPa。
实施例4
一种碳纤维表面原位自生弥散分布碳化物晶须的制备方法,具体按照以下步骤实施:
步骤1)预先对碳纤维进行沉碳处理,具体操作为,将碳纤维置于管式炉中,在氩气氛围下升温至1080℃后,通入甲烷,在1080℃下保温3h;
步骤2)将六水合硝酸镍置于研钵中研磨,得到A粉末;
步骤3)在A粉末中依次加入KCl、LiCl及KF,充分研磨并混合均匀,得到B粉末;
步骤3中,KCl、LiCl、KF的质量比为1:1:1;KCl、LiCl及KF的质量之和与步骤4中的钛粉的质量之比为3:10。
步骤4)在B粉末中加入钛粉,研磨并混合均匀,得到C粉末;
步骤4中,A粉与钛粉的质量比为5:20。
步骤5)将经沉碳处理的碳纤维放在石墨坩埚中,并用C粉末包埋,盖上盖子;
步骤6)将坩埚放入管式炉的刚玉管中进行热处理,并通入氩气进行气氛保护;
步骤6中,热处理过程为:首先以5℃/min的速率,升至900℃;然后以0.5℃/min的升温速率升至800℃,再以3℃/min的速率升至1600℃,保温120min;最后以3℃/min的速率降至室温,在热处理过程中,压力保持在0.02MPa之间。
实施例5
一种碳纤维表面原位自生弥散分布碳化物晶须的制备方法,具体按照以下步骤实施:
步骤1)预先对碳纤维进行沉碳处理,具体操作为,将碳纤维置于管式炉中,在氩气氛围下升温至1080℃后,通入甲烷,在1080℃下保温3h;
步骤2)将六水合硝酸镍置于研钵中研磨,得到A粉末;
步骤3)在A粉末中依次加入KCl、LiCl及KF,充分研磨并混合均匀,得到B粉末;
步骤3中,KCl、LiCl、KF的质量比为1:1:1;KCl、LiCl及KF的质量之和与步骤4中的钛粉的质量之比为4:10。
步骤4)在B粉末中加入钛粉,研磨并混合均匀,得到C粉末;
步骤4中,A粉与钛粉的质量比为5:20。
步骤5)将经沉碳处理的碳纤维放在石墨坩埚中,并用C粉末包埋,盖上盖子;
步骤6)将坩埚放入管式炉的刚玉管中进行热处理,并通入氩气进行气氛保护;
步骤6中,热处理过程为:首先以8℃/min的速率,升至900℃;然后以0.5℃/min的升温速率升至800℃,再以3℃/min的速率升至1600℃,保温100min;最后以5℃/min的速率降至室温,在热处理过程中,压力保持在0.02MPa之间。
Claims (2)
1.一种碳纤维表面原位自生弥散分布碳化物晶须的制备方法,其特征在于,具体按照以下步骤实施:
步骤1)预先对碳纤维进行沉碳处理,具体操作为,将碳纤维置于管式炉中,在氩气氛围下升温至1080℃后,通入甲烷,在1080℃下保温2~4h;
步骤2)将六水合硝酸镍置于研钵中研磨,得到A粉末;
步骤3)在A粉末中依次加入KCl、LiCl及KF,充分研磨并混合均匀,得到B粉末;
步骤4)在B粉末中加入钛粉,研磨并混合均匀,得到C粉末;
步骤5)将经沉碳处理的碳纤维放在石墨坩埚中,并用C粉末包埋,盖上盖子;
步骤6)将坩埚放入管式炉的刚玉管中进行热处理,并通入氩气进行气氛保护;
步骤3中,KCl、LiCl、KF的质量比为1:1:1;KCl、LiCl及KF的质量之和与步骤4中的钛粉的质量之比为3~5:10;
A粉与步骤4中的钛粉的质量比为2~5:20;
步骤6中,热处理过程为:首先以5℃/min~8℃/min的速率,升至700℃~900℃;然后以0.3℃/min~0.5℃/min的升温速率升至800℃~1000℃,再以3℃/min~5℃/min的速率升至1600℃,保温100min~120min;最后以3℃/min~5℃/min的速率降至室温;
步骤6中,在热处理过程中,压力保持在0~0.02MPa之间。
2.一种碳纤维表面原位自生弥散分布碳化物晶须,其特征在于,由权利要求1所述的方法制备得到。
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