CN113266358A - Mechanical rock breaking drilling process of vertical shaft heading machine for breaking stratum - Google Patents
Mechanical rock breaking drilling process of vertical shaft heading machine for breaking stratum Download PDFInfo
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- CN113266358A CN113266358A CN202110623544.3A CN202110623544A CN113266358A CN 113266358 A CN113266358 A CN 113266358A CN 202110623544 A CN202110623544 A CN 202110623544A CN 113266358 A CN113266358 A CN 113266358A
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 5
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D1/00—Sinking shafts
- E21D1/03—Sinking shafts mechanically, e.g. by loading shovels or loading buckets, scraping devices, conveying screws
- E21D1/06—Sinking shafts mechanically, e.g. by loading shovels or loading buckets, scraping devices, conveying screws with shaft-boring cutters
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D7/00—Shaft equipment, e.g. timbering within the shaft
Abstract
The invention discloses a mechanical rock breaking drilling process of a vertical shaft heading machine for breaking a stratum, which comprises the following steps: step A: preparation work: connecting the reverse well drill rod with a vertical shaft heading machine; and B: and (3) starting drilling: the telescopic oil cylinder pushes the gear reduction box to move downwards, so that the drill bit moves downwards, and the quarter shield synchronously moves downwards along with a sliding ring on the gear reduction box to temporarily support the well wall; and C: and (3) circulating drilling: b, matching the reverse well drill rod with the shoe plate, and circulating the step B; step D: a worker supports the well wall on the hanging scaffold; step E: and (3) completing drilling: d, completing the drilling by circulating the steps B-D; according to the invention, the vertical stress of the shoe plate is cancelled by using the raise boring rod to lift the shaft boring machine, so that the shoe plate only bears the reaction torque driven by the rotation of the drill bit, the supporting force of the shoe plate on the broken well wall is reduced to the minimum, and the reaction torque can be provided in the broken stratum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shaft sinking processes. In particular to a mechanical rock breaking drilling process of a vertical shaft tunneling machine for breaking a stratum.
Background
In the prior art, the existing rock stratum mine construction engineering mostly adopts the common method for sinking, a large amount of workers are required to go down to a narrow excavation working surface with the depth of hundreds of meters, a drilling machine is used for drilling blast holes, explosive is filled, the working surface is blasted, the blasted and broken rocks are lifted to the ground through a bucket, the water is drained from the working surface, and then the supporting and the like are carried out. The method has the advantages of low mechanization level, high labor input, hard working environment, poor safety condition, occurrence of accidents, large disturbance of blasting on surrounding rocks, large stress change of original rocks and difficult supporting. Wherein, the procedures of rock loading, water drainage and the like account for one third to two thirds of the total construction time, and the construction speed is slow by 30-40 m/month. In the actual construction process, about 20 percent of the mine shaft engineering is provided with underground tunnels, so the shaft heading machine with the lower slag discharge type can be adopted for construction. The construction process has the advantages of low labor intensity, good well forming quality, high speed, high work efficiency, reliable guarantee of personal safety and the like.
However, when the existing shaft heading machine works, the heading machine needs to be supported on the inner wall of a shaft through a supporting mechanism, and the supporting mechanism needs to apply pressure on the inner wall of the shaft, so that the heading machine obtains the radial supporting force of the shaft. When the heading machine drills into a shaft, tangential load formed by working reaction torque of the heading machine also needs to be borne by the supporting mechanism, the supporting mechanism can cause great pressure on the inner wall of the shaft, and the inner wall of the shaft is easily damaged; and when the vertical shaft heading machine is used for correcting the deviation, the joint of the lifting device and the vertical shaft heading machine is easy to bend and even twist off, potential safety hazards exist, and a better drilling process of the vertical shaft heading machine does not exist in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the vertical shaft heading machine for breaking the stratum, which has high safety coefficient.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the mechanical rock breaking and drilling process of the shaft boring machine for the broken stratum comprises a drill bit, a machine body and shoe plates, wherein the machine body comprises an upper ring beam, a lower ring beam, a stand column guide rail, a telescopic oil cylinder and a gear reduction box, the upper ring beam and the lower ring beam are fixedly connected through the stand column guide rail, a cylinder body of the telescopic oil cylinder is fixedly installed on the upper ring beam, a free end of a piston rod of the telescopic oil cylinder is fixedly connected with the gear reduction box, sliding rings are fixedly installed on the periphery of the gear reduction box, the gear reduction box is installed on the stand column guide rail through the sliding rings, the gear reduction box is in driving connection with the drill bit through an output main shaft, the shoe plates are respectively installed on the upper ring beam and the lower ring beam, a quarter shield is installed on the sliding rings and is located between the two shoe plates on the lower ring beam in the longitudinal direction, and a lifting beam is installed on the upper ring beam, and the mechanical rock breaking and drilling process comprises the following steps:
step A: preparation work: the raise boring machine is located on a well head cross bearing beam, so that a raise boring rod of the raise boring machine penetrates through a hanging scaffold from top to bottom and is fixedly connected with a lifting beam at the top end of a vertical shaft tunneling machine;
and B: and (3) starting drilling: after the raise boring bar is connected, the shaft boring machine starts to work, the motor realizes speed reduction through the gear reduction box so as to achieve the rotating speed and torque required by the drill bit, the telescopic oil cylinder pushes the gear reduction box to move downwards and further transmits propelling force to the output main shaft so as to enable the drill bit to move downwards, in the downward drilling process of the drill bit, the eight shoe plates are supported on the well wall to bear the counter torque generated by the drilling of the drill bit, and when the drill bit drills downwards, the quarter shield synchronously moves downwards along with a sliding ring on the gear reduction box so as to temporarily support the well wall, and broken rock debris fall to a roadway underground along one-time pilot shaft;
and C: and (3) circulating drilling: after the telescopic oil cylinder reaches the maximum stroke, stopping working of a drill bit of the vertical shaft heading machine, retracting the telescopic oil cylinder to further drive the drill bit to retract, then retracting eight shoe plates of the vertical shaft heading machine, enabling the vertical shaft heading machine to be in a vertical state due to lifting of the vertical shaft heading machine by a raise boring rod, enabling the vertical shaft heading machine to move downwards by the raise boring machine through the raise boring rod, stopping running of the raise boring machine when the drill bit of the vertical shaft heading machine is about to be adjacent, enabling the eight shoe plates to support a shaft wall, enabling the drill bit to start working, enabling the quarter shield to synchronously move downwards along with the drill bit, and temporarily supporting the shaft wall;
step D: supporting the well wall: the stable-twisting lifting system lifts the hanging scaffold to enable the hanging scaffold to move downwards, and workers on the hanging scaffold reinforce and support the well wall;
step E: and (3) completing drilling: and D, circulating the step B, the step C and the step D to finish the drilling.
According to the mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the ground layer crushing shaft heading machine, the quarter shield in the step A comprises a shield body, a side wing framework, a connecting flange and a welding base plate; the shield body comprises a frame structure and a shield surface, and the frame structure is arranged on the inner surface of the shield surface; the connecting flange and the welding cushion block are welded at the top end of the side wing framework, the welding cushion block is positioned on one side, facing the shaft heading machine, of the connecting flange and is fixedly connected with the connecting flange, the connecting flange is mounted on a sliding ring around the gear reduction box through bolts, and the welding cushion block is welded on the sliding ring around the gear reduction box; the quarter shield can stably and synchronously move up and down along with the shaft heading machine.
In the mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the ground-breaking shaft boring machine, the quarter shield further comprises a shield face angle group, a cross-shaped framework and a machine body connecting guide rail; the shield face angle group is uniformly welded on the outer surface of the shield body: the length direction of the shield face angle group extends along the longitudinal direction of the shield body, the shield face angle groups are distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the shield body, the shield face angle group is arranged on the outer surface of the shield body, and can be embedded into a well wall of a broken stratum, so that the temporary supporting capacity of the broken stratum is improved, the supporting effect is enhanced, and the effect of locally extruding the well wall of the broken stratum by utilizing the shield face angle group can also play a role in reinforcing the well wall of the broken stratum; meanwhile, the shield face angle group arranged longitudinally also plays a role in guiding the shield to advance while drilling; the cross-shaped framework is embedded and welded in the frame structure, and the side wing framework is welded on the frame structure; the machine body connecting guide rail is longitudinally welded on the cross-shaped framework, and the machine body connecting guide rail is in sliding or rolling fit with a guide rail cushion block of the shaft heading machine.
According to the mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the ground-breaking shaft boring machine, the frame structure consists of two longitudinal connecting rods and two transverse arc-shaped connecting rods, the two longitudinal connecting rods are respectively installed along two longitudinal edges of the shield surface, and the two transverse arc-shaped connecting rods are respectively installed along two transverse arc edges of the shield surface; the cross skeleton is composed of a longitudinal skeleton rod and a transverse arc skeleton rod, two ends of the longitudinal skeleton rod are fixedly connected with two transverse arc connecting rods respectively, the transverse arc skeleton rod is fixedly connected with the two longitudinal connecting rods respectively, and the cross connection position of the longitudinal skeleton rod and the transverse arc skeleton rod is located at the center of the shield surface.
According to the mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the vertical shaft heading machine for the broken stratum, each side wing framework comprises three transverse side wing framework rods and one longitudinal side wing framework rod, the three transverse side wing framework rods are arranged on each longitudinal connecting rod at equal intervals along the length direction, the longitudinal side wing framework rods are fixedly arranged on one ends, far away from the longitudinal connecting rods, of the three transverse side wing framework rods, and the connecting flanges and the welding cushion blocks are welded at the top ends of the longitudinal side wing framework rods.
In the mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the ground layer crushing shaft boring machine, the lifting beam in the step B comprises a connecting plate, a first bolt, a gasket and a cross beam; the quantity of connecting plate is two, two the connecting plate passes through first bolt symmetry is installed the both ends of crossbeam lower surface, every all be provided with two or more than two first bolts on the connecting plate, the packing ring with the quantity of first bolt equals, the packing ring cup joints respectively on the first bolt, just the packing ring is located the crossbeam upper surface with between the nut of first bolt.
In the mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the ground-breaking vertical shaft heading machine, the lifting beam further comprises a ball bowl, a second bolt, a ball head and a connecting drill rod; a through hole penetrates through the center position of the cross beam, a hemispherical groove is formed in the position, close to the bottom end, of the through hole, the spherical bowl is installed at the center position of the lower surface of the cross beam through the second bolts, and the number of the second bolts is two or more; the bulb sets up in the hemisphere inslot, the bulb is located the part in the hemisphere inslot is hugged closely the internal surface of hemisphere groove, just the bulb is on a parallel with a diameter of crossbeam is higher than the lower surface of ball bowl, the joint of the one end of connecting the drilling rod is in on the bulb, the other end of connecting the drilling rod passes the perforation of crossbeam central point position stretches out to the top of crossbeam, just the perforated diameter is greater than connect the diameter of drilling rod.
According to the mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the ground breaking shaft boring machine, the beam comprises a beam main body and an annular mounting piece with a hemispherical groove, the upper end of the annular mounting piece is located in the through hole, the lower end of the annular mounting piece extends outwards in the circumferential direction to form a fixed mounting ring, and the diameter of the fixed mounting ring is larger than that of the through hole; the second bolt from top to bottom passes crossbeam main part, annular installed part in proper order and the ball bowl.
According to the mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the vertical shaft heading machine for the broken stratum, the ball head is composed of two hemispherical heads, the circumferential surface of the lower end of the connecting drill rod is provided with an annular clamping groove, a semi-clamping ring is formed on the inner side of each hemispherical head, and the semi-clamping rings are located in the annular clamping grooves.
In the mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the ground layer crushing vertical shaft heading machine, the hanging scaffold comprises a supporting platform, a power platform and a control platform; the top end of the hanging scaffold is fixedly connected with the stable-twisting lifting system, the hanging scaffold is located above the shaft heading machine and is lifted by the stable-twisting lifting system, the hanging scaffold is three layers, and the three layers of the hanging scaffold sequentially comprise a supporting platform, a power platform and a control platform from bottom to top.
The technical scheme of the invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the invention, the vertical stress of the shoe plate is cancelled by using the raise boring rod to lift the shaft heading machine, so that the shoe plate only bears the reactive torque driven by the rotation of the drill bit, the supporting force of the shoe plate on the broken well wall is reduced to the minimum, the reactive torque can be provided even in a broken stratum, the shaft heading machine is lifted by using the raise boring machine through the raise boring rod, the large lifting capacity of the raise boring machine system can be fully utilized, and when the broken stratum collapses and extrudes the drill bit, the shaft heading machine can be pulled away from a collapse area by the large lifting force.
According to the invention, the shield following gear reduction box can effectively and temporarily support the surrounding rock of the broken rock area downwards, so that the effects of supporting while drilling and effectively protecting the body of the shaft boring machine are achieved, the shield face angle group is arranged on the outer surface of the shield body and can be embedded into the well wall of the broken stratum, so that the temporary supporting capability of the broken stratum is improved, the supporting effect is enhanced, the shield face angle group is utilized to extrude the local part of the well wall of the broken stratum, and the effect of reinforcing the well wall of the broken stratum can be achieved; meanwhile, the shield face angle group arranged longitudinally also plays a role in guiding the shield to advance while drilling.
According to the invention, the ball joint short drill rod is arranged in the center of the lifting beam, so that the vertical shaft heading machine can have a certain angle with the vertical direction during deviation correction and can not break the reverse shaft drill rod, the ball joint short drill rod can rotate in the ball hinge, and the ball joint short drill rod can not be detached when a shoe plate of the vertical shaft heading machine slides in the circumferential direction, wherein a horizontal diameter of the ball head is arranged at a position higher than the lower surface of the ball bowl, so that the ball bowl can clamp the ball head, and the ball head is prevented from falling.
According to the invention, the connecting drill rod is clamped in the two hemispherical heads, so that the manufacturing difficulty of the ball head and the connecting drill rod can be reduced, and the connecting drill rod and the ball head can be conveniently replaced.
According to the invention, the shaft boring machine and the hanging scaffold are lifted separately, and the hanging scaffold is arranged above the shaft boring machine, so that the hanging scaffold can be lifted urgently to be quickly separated from the working surface of the shaft boring machine in case of an accident underground, and the safety of workers is ensured. In the process of tunneling broken strata, the shield can play a role in temporarily supporting the surrounding strata, and if an accident happens in the process of tunneling the shaft tunneling machine, an operator can be separated from the most dangerous lower working space of the shaft tunneling machine as soon as the shaft tunneling machine tunnels above the shaft. The tunneling and supporting process is optimized, the tunneling in a broken stratum can accelerate the supporting pace without synchronizing with the drilling, the hanging scaffold is arranged in three layers, the hanging scaffold on the upper layer is a control platform, the middle layer is a power platform, the lower layer is a supporting platform, in a negative-pressure ventilated coal mine, air runs from top to bottom, and the operator of the shaft tunneling machine is on the uppermost layer, so that the air quality is the best; the support platform can be arranged on the lower layer, so that the support can be firstly carried out on the broken stratum.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the drilling process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the hanging scaffold of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the shaft boring machine of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a back structure of a quarter shield according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of a quarter shield according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a lifting beam structure according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic top view of the lifting beam of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures denote: 100-a shaft heading machine; 200-quarter shield; 300-lifting a lifting beam; 400-raise boring bar; 500-one well guide; 600-second-stage well guiding; 700-hanging scaffold; 800-underworkings; 900-stable twisting lifting system: 101-a drill bit; 102-a body; 103-a boot plate; 1021-upper ring beam; 1022-lower ring beam; 1023-column guide rails; 1024-telescopic oil cylinders; 1025-gear reduction box; 201-shield body; 202-shield face angle group; 203-flanking skeleton; 204-a cross skeleton; 205-body connecting guide rail; 206-a connecting flange; 207-welding backing plate; 301-connecting plate; 302-a first bolt; 303-a gasket; 304-a cross beam; 305-a ball bowl; 306-a second bolt; 307-bulb; 308-connecting a drill rod; 3041-a ring mount; 3042-fixing the mounting ring; 701-supporting a platform; 702-a powered platform; 703-control platform.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A mechanical rock breaking and drilling process of a ground crushing vertical shaft development machine comprises a drill bit 101, a machine body 102 and shoe plates 103, wherein the machine body 102 comprises an upper ring beam 1021, a lower ring beam 1022, a column guide rail 1023, a telescopic oil cylinder 1024 and a gear reduction box 1025, the upper ring beam 1021 and the lower ring beam 1022 are fixedly connected through the column guide rail 1023, a cylinder body of the telescopic oil cylinder 1024 is fixedly arranged on the upper ring beam 1021, a free end of a piston rod of the telescopic oil cylinder 1024 is fixedly connected with the gear reduction box 1025, slide rings are fixedly arranged around the gear reduction box 1025, the gear reduction box 1025 is arranged on the column guide rail 1023 through the slide rings, the gear reduction box 1025 is in driving connection with the drill bit 101 through an output main shaft, the shoe plates 103 are respectively arranged on the upper ring beam 1024 and the lower ring beam, a quarter shield 200 is arranged on the slide rings and is longitudinally positioned between the two shoe plates 103 on the lower ring beam, a lifting beam 300 is arranged on the upper ring beam 1021, the method comprises the following steps:
step A: preparation work: the raise boring machine is located on a well head cross bearing beam, so that a raise boring rod 400 of the raise boring machine penetrates through a hanging scaffold 700 from top to bottom and is fixedly connected with a lifting beam 300 at the top end of a vertical shaft tunneling machine 100; the hanging scaffold 700 is lifted and hoisted through the stable-twist hoisting system 900 of the derrick, and a hydraulic rubber pipe and a cable between the underground shaft boring machine 100 and the hanging scaffold 700 belong to flexible connection, so that the shaft boring machine 100 and the hanging scaffold 700 do not need to keep synchronous motion; that is to say: the tunneling of the shaft boring machine 100, the supporting operation of the shaft formed by tunneling on the hanging scaffold 700 by the constructor, and the monitoring and the control of the shaft boring machine 100 can be respectively carried out, if danger occurs in the tunneling process, the hanging scaffold 700 can be independently lifted to the well-supported position of the shaft by the shaft boring machine 100, and the personal safety of the constructor is ensured;
and B: and (3) starting drilling: after the raise boring bar 400 is connected, the shaft boring machine 100 starts to work, the motor realizes speed reduction through the gear reducer 1025 so as to achieve the rotating speed and torque required by the drill bit 101, the telescopic oil cylinder 1024 pushes the gear reducer 1025 to move downwards so as to transmit the propelling force to the output spindle, the drill bit 101 moves downwards, in the process that the drill bit 101 drills downwards, the eight shoe plates 103 are supported on the well wall to bear the reactive torque generated by the drilling of the drill bit 101, and when the drill bit 101 drills downwards, the quarter shield 200 moves downwards along with the sliding ring on the gear reducer 1025 synchronously to temporarily support the well wall, and broken rock debris falls to the underground roadway 800 along the primary pilot shaft 500;
and C: and (3) circulating drilling: after the telescopic oil cylinder 1024 reaches the maximum stroke, the drill bit 101 of the shaft heading machine 100 stops working, the telescopic oil cylinder 1024 retracts to further drive the drill bit 101 to retract, then the eight shoe plates 103 of the shaft heading machine 100 retract, the shaft heading machine 100 can be in a vertical state due to the fact that the shaft heading machine 100 is lifted by the raise boring rod 400, the raise boring machine enables the shaft heading machine 100 to move downwards through the raise boring rod 400, when the drill bit of the shaft heading machine 100 is to be close to the ground, the raise boring machine stops running, the eight shoe plates 103 support the well wall, the drill bit 101 starts working, the quarter shield 200 synchronously moves downwards along with the drill bit 101 to temporarily support the well wall;
step D: supporting the well wall: the stable-twisting lifting system 900 lifts the hanging scaffold 700, so that the hanging scaffold 700 moves downwards, and workers on the hanging scaffold 700 reinforce and support the well wall;
step E: and (3) completing drilling: and D, circulating the step B, the step C and the step D to finish the drilling.
As shown in fig. 4-5, the quarter shield 200 in step a comprises a shield body 201, a wing skeleton 203, a connecting flange 206 and a welding backing plate 207; the shield body 201 comprises a frame structure and a shield surface, wherein the frame structure is arranged on the inner surface of the shield surface; the connecting flange 206 and the welding cushion block 207 are welded at the top end of the side wing framework 203, the welding cushion block 207 is positioned on one side of the connecting flange 206 facing the shaft boring machine and is fixedly connected with the connecting flange 206, the connecting flange 206 is bolted on a sliding ring around the gear reduction box 1025, and the welding cushion block 207 is welded on the sliding ring around the gear reduction box 1025; the quarter shield 200 can stably and synchronously move up and down along with the shaft heading machine 100, and the quarter shield 200 further comprises a shield face angle group 202, a cross-shaped framework 204 and a machine body connecting guide rail 205; the shield face angle group 202 is uniformly welded on the outer surface of the shield body 201: the length direction of the shield face angle group 202 extends along the longitudinal direction of the shield body 201, the shield face angle groups 202 are distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the shield body 201, the shield face angle group 202 is arranged on the outer surface of the shield body 201, and the shield face angle group 202 can be embedded into a well wall of a broken stratum, so that the temporary supporting capacity and the supporting effect on the broken stratum are improved, and the effect of locally extruding the well wall of the broken stratum by using the shield face angle group 202 can also play a role in reinforcing the well wall of the broken stratum; meanwhile, the shield face angle group 202 arranged longitudinally also plays a role in guiding the shield to advance while drilling; the cross framework 204 is embedded and welded in the frame structure, and the side wing framework 203 is welded on the frame structure; the machine body connecting guide rail 205 is longitudinally welded on the cross-shaped framework 204, the machine body connecting guide rail 205 is in sliding or rolling fit with a guide rail cushion block of the shaft boring machine 100, the frame structure consists of two longitudinal connecting rods and two transverse arc-shaped connecting rods, the two longitudinal connecting rods are respectively installed along two longitudinal edges of the shield surface, and the two transverse arc-shaped connecting rods are respectively installed along two transverse arc edges of the shield surface; cross skeleton 204 comprises a vertical skeleton pole and a horizontal arc skeleton pole, the both ends of vertical skeleton pole respectively with two horizontal arc connecting rod fixed connection, horizontal arc skeleton pole respectively with two vertical connecting rod fixed connection, vertical skeleton pole and horizontal arc skeleton pole cross connection department are located the center of shield face, every flank skeleton 203 all includes three horizontal flank skeleton pole and a vertical flank skeleton pole, every vertical connecting rod is installed along length direction equidistant three horizontal flank skeleton poles, vertical flank skeleton pole fixed mounting is in one of three horizontal flank skeleton pole keeping away from vertical connecting rod and is served, flange 206 and welding cushion block 207 all weld on vertical flank skeleton pole top.
As shown in fig. 6-7, the lifting beam 300 in step B includes a connection plate 301, a first bolt 302, a washer 303, and a cross beam 304; the number of the connecting plates 301 is two, the two connecting plates 301 are symmetrically installed at two ends of the lower surface of the cross beam 304 through first bolts 302, each connecting plate 301 is provided with two or more first bolts 302, the number of the gaskets 303 is equal to that of the first bolts 302, the gaskets 303 are respectively sleeved on the first bolts 302, and the gaskets 303 are located between the upper surface of the cross beam 304 and nuts of the first bolts 302; the lifting beam 300 further comprises a ball bowl 305, a second bolt 306, a ball head 307 and a connecting drill rod 308; a through hole penetrates through the center of the cross beam 304, a hemispherical groove is formed in the position, close to the bottom end, of the through hole, a spherical bowl 305 is installed in the center of the lower surface of the cross beam 304 through second bolts 306, and the number of the second bolts 306 is two or more; the ball head 307 is arranged in the hemispherical groove, the part of the ball head 307 in the hemispherical groove is tightly attached to the inner surface of the hemispherical groove, one diameter of the ball head 307, which is parallel to the cross beam 304, is higher than the lower surface of the ball bowl 305, one end of the connecting drill rod 308 is clamped on the ball head 307, the other end of the connecting drill rod 308 passes through a through hole in the center of the cross beam 304 and extends out of the upper part of the cross beam 304, and the diameter of the through hole is larger than that of the connecting drill rod 308; the cross beam 304 comprises a cross beam main body and an annular mounting part 3041 with a hemispherical groove, the upper end of the annular mounting part is positioned in the through hole, the lower end of the annular mounting part extends outwards in the circumferential direction to form a fixed mounting ring 3042, and the diameter of the fixed mounting ring 3042 is larger than that of the through hole; the second bolt 306 sequentially penetrates through the beam main body, the annular mounting part 3041 and the ball bowl 305 from top to bottom, the ball head 307 is composed of two hemispherical heads, an annular clamping groove is formed in the circumferential surface of the lower end of the connecting drill rod 308, and a semi-clamping ring is formed on the inner side of each hemispherical head and located in the annular clamping groove.
As shown in fig. 2, the hanging scaffold 700 includes a supporting platform 701, a power platform 702 and a control platform 703; the top end of the hanging scaffold 700 is fixedly connected with the stable-twisting lifting system 900, the hanging scaffold 700 is located above the shaft boring machine 100, the hanging scaffold 700 is lifted and hung by the stable-twisting lifting system 1000, the hanging scaffold 700 is three layers, and the three layers of hanging scaffolds 700 are a supporting platform 701, a power platform 702 and a control platform 703 from bottom to top in sequence.
The working principle is as follows: the shaft boring machine 100 is lifted by using the raise boring bar 400, the vertical stress of the shoe plate 103 is cancelled, the shoe plate 103 only bears the reaction torque driven by the rotation of the drill bit 101, so that the supporting force of the shoe plate 103 to the broken well wall is reduced to the minimum, the reaction torque can be provided in the broken stratum, the shaft boring machine 100 is lifted by the raise boring machine through the raise boring bar 400, the large lifting capacity of the raise boring machine system can be fully utilized, when the broken stratum collapses and squeezes the drill bit 101, the large lifting force can pull the shaft boring machine 100 away from the collapse area, the shield can effectively and temporarily support the surrounding rock of the broken rock area along with the downward movement of the gear reducer 1025, the functions of supporting while drilling and effectively protecting the machine body 102 of the boring machine 100 are achieved, the shaft boring machine 100 can have a certain angle with the vertical direction and cannot break the raise boring bar 400 by installing the ball head 307 and the connecting drill rod 308 in the center of the lifting beam 300 when the deviation rectification, the ball head 307 and the connecting drill rod 308 can rotate in the hemispherical groove, so that the ball head 307 and the connecting drill rod 308 cannot be detached when the shoe plate 103 of the shaft boring machine 100 slides in the circumferential direction, wherein one horizontal diameter of the ball head 307 is arranged at a position higher than the lower surface of the ball bowl 305, the ball bowl 305 can clamp the ball head 307, the ball head 307 is prevented from falling off, the connecting drill rod 308 is clamped in the two hemispherical heads, the manufacturing difficulty of the ball head 307 and the connecting drill rod 308 can be reduced, the connecting drill rod 308 and the ball head 307 are convenient to replace, the shaft boring machine 100 and the hanging scaffold 700 are separately lifted, the hanging scaffold 700 is arranged above the shaft boring machine 100, the hanging scaffold 700 can be lifted emergently to be quickly separated from the working surface of the shaft boring machine 100 when an underground accident occurs, and the safety of workers is guaranteed. In the process of tunneling broken strata, the shield can play a role in temporarily supporting the surrounding strata, and if an accident happens in the process of tunneling the shaft tunneling machine 100, an operator can be separated from the most dangerous lower working space of the shaft tunneling machine 100 as soon as possible because the operator is above the shaft tunneling machine 100. The tunneling and supporting process is optimized, the tunneling in a broken stratum can accelerate the supporting pace without being synchronous with the drilling, the hanging scaffold 700 is arranged in three layers, the hanging scaffold on the upper layer is a control platform 703, the middle layer is a power platform 702, the supporting platform 701 is arranged on the lower layer, air runs from top to bottom in a negative-pressure ventilated coal mine, and the air quality is the best when the operator of the vertical shaft tunneling machine 100 is on the uppermost layer; the support platform 701 can be arranged on the lower layer, so that the support can be firstly carried out on the broken stratum.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications are possible which remain within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the ground crushing vertical shaft heading machine is characterized in that the vertical shaft heading machine (100) comprises a drill bit (101), a machine body (102) and shoe plates (103), the machine body (102) comprises an upper ring beam (1021), a lower ring beam (1022), a column guide rail (1023), a telescopic oil cylinder (1024) and a gear reduction box (1025), the upper ring beam (1021) and the lower ring beam (1022) are fixedly connected through the column guide rail (1023), a cylinder body of the telescopic oil cylinder (1024) is fixedly arranged on the upper ring beam (1021), a free end of a piston rod of the telescopic oil cylinder (1024) is fixedly connected with the gear reduction box (1025), slip rings are fixedly arranged on the periphery of the gear reduction box (1025), the gear reduction box (1025) is arranged on the column guide rail (1023) through the slip rings, the gear reduction box (1025) is in driving connection with the drill bit (101) through an output main shaft, the upper ring beam (1024) and the lower ring beam are respectively provided with the shoe plates (103), a quarter shield (200) is mounted on the slip ring longitudinally between two shoes (103) on the lower ring beam, and a lifting beam (300) is mounted on the upper ring beam (1021), comprising the steps of:
step A: preparation work: the raise boring machine is located on a well head cross bearing beam, so that a raise boring rod (400) of the raise boring machine penetrates through a hanging scaffold (700) from top to bottom and is fixedly connected with a lifting beam (300) at the top end of a vertical shaft heading machine (100);
and B: and (3) starting drilling: after the raise boring rod (400) is connected, the shaft boring machine (100) starts to work, the motor realizes speed reduction through the gear reduction box (1025) to achieve the rotating speed and torque required by the drill bit (101), the telescopic oil cylinder (1024) pushes the gear reduction box (1025) to move downwards to transmit propelling force to the output spindle to enable the drill bit (101) to move downwards, eight shoe plates (103) are supported on a well wall to bear the reactive torque generated by drilling of the drill bit (101) in the downward drilling process of the drill bit (101), and when the drill bit (101) drills downwards, a quarter shield (200) synchronously moves downwards along with a sliding ring on the gear reduction box (1025) to temporarily support the well wall, and broken rock debris fall to a down roadway (800) along a primary pilot shaft (500);
and C: and (3) circulating drilling: after the telescopic oil cylinder (1024) reaches the maximum stroke, the drill bit (101) of the vertical shaft heading machine (100) stops working, the telescopic oil cylinder (1024) retracts to further drive the drill bit (101) to retract, then the eight shoe plates (103) of the vertical shaft heading machine (100) retract, the vertical shaft heading machine (100) can be in a vertical state due to the lifting of the vertical shaft heading machine (100) by the raise boring rod (400), the raise boring machine enables the vertical shaft heading machine (100) to move downwards through the raise boring rod (400), when the drill bit of the vertical shaft heading machine (100) is close to the ground, the raise boring machine stops running, the eight shoe plates (103) prop against the shaft wall, the drill bit (101) starts working, the quarter shield (200) synchronously moves downwards along with the drill bit (101), and the shaft wall is temporarily supported;
step D: supporting the well wall: the stable-twisting lifting system (900) lifts the hanging scaffold (700) to enable the hanging scaffold (700) to move downwards, and workers on the hanging scaffold (700) reinforce and support the well wall;
step E: and (3) completing drilling: and D, circulating the step B, the step C and the step D to finish the drilling.
2. The mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the ground crushing shaft boring machine according to claim 1, wherein the quarter shield (200) comprises a shield body (201), a side wing framework (203), a connecting flange (206) and a welding backing plate (207); the shield body (201) comprises a frame structure and a shield surface, and the frame structure is arranged on the inner surface of the shield surface;
the connecting flange (206) and the welding cushion block (207) are welded at the top end of the side wing framework (203), the welding cushion block (207) is positioned on one side of the connecting flange (206) facing the shaft boring machine and is fixedly connected with the connecting flange (206), the connecting flange (206) is installed on a sliding ring on the periphery of the gear reduction box (1025) through bolts, and the welding cushion block (207) is welded on the sliding ring on the periphery of the gear reduction box (1025);
the quarter shield (200) can be displaced up and down in stable synchronization with the shaft boring machine (100).
3. The mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the ground crushing shaft boring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the quarter shield (200) further comprises a shield face angle group (202), a cross frame (204) and a machine body connecting guide rail (205);
the shield face angle group (202) is uniformly welded on the outer surface of the shield body (201), and on the outer surface of the shield body (201): the length direction of the shield face angle group (202) extends along the longitudinal direction of the shield body (201), and the shield face angle group (202) is distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the shield body (201);
the cross skeleton (204) is embedded and welded in the frame structure, and the side wing skeleton (203) is welded on the frame structure;
the machine body connecting guide rail (205) is longitudinally welded on the cross-shaped framework (204), and the machine body connecting guide rail (205) is matched with a guide rail cushion block of the shaft heading machine (100) in a sliding or rolling manner.
4. The mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the stratum-breaking shaft boring machine according to claim 2, wherein the frame structure is composed of two longitudinal connecting rods and two transverse arc-shaped connecting rods, the two longitudinal connecting rods are respectively installed along two longitudinal edges of the shield surface, and the two transverse arc-shaped connecting rods are respectively installed along two transverse arc edges of the shield surface; the cross skeleton (204) is composed of a longitudinal skeleton rod and a transverse arc skeleton rod, two ends of the longitudinal skeleton rod are fixedly connected with two transverse arc connecting rods respectively, the transverse arc skeleton rods are fixedly connected with the two longitudinal connecting rods respectively, and the cross connection position of the longitudinal skeleton rod and the transverse arc skeleton rods is located at the center of the shield surface.
5. The mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the fractured formation shaft boring machine according to claim 2, wherein each side wing framework (203) comprises three transverse side wing framework rods and one longitudinal side wing framework rod, each longitudinal connecting rod is provided with three transverse side wing framework rods at equal intervals along the length direction, the longitudinal side wing framework rods are fixedly arranged on one ends of the three transverse side wing framework rods far away from the longitudinal connecting rod, and the connecting flange (206) and the welding cushion block (207) are welded at the top ends of the longitudinal side wing framework rods.
6. A mechanical rock breaking drilling process of a broken formation shaft boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifting beam (300) comprises a connecting plate (301), a first bolt (302), a washer (303) and a cross beam (304);
the number of the connecting plates (301) is two, the two connecting plates (301) are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the lower surface of the cross beam (304) through the first bolts (302), each connecting plate (301) is provided with two or more first bolts (302), the quantity of the gaskets (303) is equal to that of the first bolts (302), the gaskets (303) are respectively sleeved on the first bolts (302), and the gaskets (303) are positioned between the upper surface of the cross beam (304) and the nuts of the first bolts (302).
7. The mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the broken formation shaft boring machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the lifting beam (300) further comprises a ball bowl (305), a second bolt (306), a ball head (307) and a connecting drill rod (308);
a through hole penetrates through the center of the cross beam (304), a hemispherical groove is formed in the position, close to the bottom end, of the through hole, the spherical bowl (305) is mounted at the center of the lower surface of the cross beam (304) through the second bolt (306), and the number of the second bolts (306) is two or more;
the ball head (307) is arranged in the hemispherical groove, the part of the ball head (307) in the hemispherical groove is tightly attached to the inner surface of the hemispherical groove, one diameter of the ball head (307) parallel to the cross beam (304) is higher than the lower surface of the ball bowl (305), one end of the connecting drill rod (308) is clamped on the ball head (307), the other end of the connecting drill rod (308) penetrates through a through hole in the center of the cross beam (304) to extend out of the upper side of the cross beam (304), and the diameter of the through hole is larger than that of the connecting drill rod (308).
8. The mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the broken formation vertical shaft heading machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the cross beam (304) comprises a cross beam main body and a ring mounting piece (3041) with a hemispherical groove, the upper end of the ring mounting piece is positioned in the through hole, the lower end of the ring mounting piece circumferentially extends outwards to form a fixed mounting ring (3042), and the diameter of the fixed mounting ring (3042) is larger than that of the through hole; the second bolt (306) sequentially penetrates through the beam main body, the annular mounting part (3041) and the ball bowl (305) from top to bottom.
9. The mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the fractured formation vertical shaft heading machine according to claim 5, wherein the ball head (307) consists of two hemispherical heads, the circumferential surface of the lower end of the connecting drill rod (308) is provided with an annular clamping groove, and a semi-clamping ring is formed on the inner side of each hemispherical head and is positioned in the annular clamping groove.
10. The mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the ground crushing shaft boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the hanging scaffold (700) comprises a supporting platform (701), a power platform (702) and a control platform (703);
the top end of the hanging scaffold (700) is fixedly connected with the stable-twisting lifting system (900), the hanging scaffold (700) is located above the shaft heading machine (100), the hanging scaffold (700) is lifted by the stable-twisting lifting system (1000), the hanging scaffold (700) is divided into three layers, and the three layers of the hanging scaffold (700) sequentially comprise a supporting platform (701), a power platform (702) and a control platform (703) from bottom to top.
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