CN205591926U - Do not have self -supporting modularization shaft of surely restricting and dig step construction equipment - Google Patents
Do not have self -supporting modularization shaft of surely restricting and dig step construction equipment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN205591926U CN205591926U CN201620306170.7U CN201620306170U CN205591926U CN 205591926 U CN205591926 U CN 205591926U CN 201620306170 U CN201620306170 U CN 201620306170U CN 205591926 U CN205591926 U CN 205591926U
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- supporting
- modularity
- vertical shaft
- shaft driving
- self
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- Withdrawn - After Issue
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a do not have self -supporting modularization shaft of surely restricting and dig step construction equipment, a serial communication port, including taking a step formula running gear, protective disc and work dish, protective disc and work dish pass through interior guide rail fixed connection, and the formula running gear of taking a step includes outer guide, push -and -pull rod, and push -and -pull rod one end is fixed at work dish lower surface, and one end articulates on the terminal surface of outer guide. The utility model discloses a do not have self -supporting modularization shaft of surely restricting and dig step construction equipment independence is strong, can be applicable to super kilometer deep well and dig step construction, this formula template supporting device easy operation that takes a step in addition to work efficiency is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
This utility model relates to mining equiment field, is specially a kind of without steady rope self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device.
Background technology
By the end of the year 2012, newly open a mine well and Lao Kuang remodels and expand in project in China, amount to more than 200 mines
Mining depth is more than 600 meters, and mining construction has been enter into the transition period of deep mining.Vertical shaft generally accounts in mine construction
The 30-40% of duration, shorten the pit shaft completion time of project mean that great economic benefit and social benefit.
At present, both at home and abroad during vertical shaft is dug, use stable car, steel wire rope, hanging scaffold to carry out executing of supporting cast more
Work method.Wherein, the suspension hanging scaffold used is by the way of multiple stage stable car promoting or transferring so that it is in vertical shaft up and down
Movement, although this mode can adapt to the cutting operation of the vertical shaft within the km degree of depth, but it is steady to still suffer from sinking shaft
Car quantity is many, derrick is complicated, stable car hoisting power is limited, utilization rate is low, stable car owing to being difficult to centralized Control synchronization lifting and
Cause the jiggly problem of sinking stage's elevation and subsidence.When super km deep-well is in construction, the length of the sinking platform suspending steel wire rope of needs exceedes
The rope capacity of existing sinking shaft stable car reel, causes the problems such as equipment cost raising, work progress deterioration of safety.It addition, with
The intensification of mine shaft depth, the tensile force of surely rope is required also to be significantly increased by system, particularly surpasses km deep-well, opening of steady rope
Clamp force can reach more than 40 tons.At present, the measure that domestic steady dish is taked is to be pressed on the borehole wall by steel crawler shoe, thus obtains
Frictional force.However, to ensure that safety, the pre-pressing force of crawler shoe will affect the matter of the borehole wall considerably beyond the thrust needed
Amount.
Some km deep-wells use hitch formula stepping hanging scaffold structure when construction both at home and abroad, are generally divided into three-layer disc, the upper and lower
Dish is rigidly connected, and upper strata, middle level dish are provided with hydraulically powered bracket structure, and the bracket on two-layer dish is interleaved alternately with on the borehole wall in advance
With fixing hanging scaffold in the hitch stayed or groove, taken a step function by the flexible realization of the hydraulic vertical prop between upper strata, middle level dish simultaneously.
Although this structure eliminates suspension rope and Suspenoing apparatus, simplify sinking headframe structure, but this hanging scaffold structure, need to exist
On the borehole wall, reserved substantial amounts of hitch or groove, be unfavorable for the construction of the borehole wall, affect borehole wall quality；Levels dish is beforehand through rigidity
Connect and form general frame, add the telescopic moving structure on the dish of middle level, make complicated integral structure, occupy space more, if
Standby, personnel arrange crowded, are unfavorable for construction；This kind of hanging scaffold structure can only be for specific vertical shaft, not reproducible recycling.
Utility model content
For in tradition vertical shaft construction, sinking shaft stable car quantity is many, derrick is complicated, stable car is difficult to centralized Control and stably carries
Rising and super km shinking platform suspending steel wire rope length is long, stable car is difficult to meet design requirement, and domestic and international existing patent
Middle hanging scaffold structure takies that space in vertical shaft is more, hitch or borehole wall quality is had an impact by groove structure and structure is complicated, not reproducible
The problems such as recycling, this utility model devises one and saves stable car and rope hoisting on the ground, and simple in construction, sinking stage's elevation and subsidence are flat
Surely, overall structure take up room little, to have modular assembly structure, applicable different vertical shaft sizes, construction safety reliable
And the nothing steady rope self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device of recycling can be repeated.
In order to reach above-mentioned purpose of design, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is as follows:
A kind of without steady rope self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device, including step type running gear, protection dish and scratch diskette,
Protection dish and scratch diskette connect by interior guide rail is fixing, and step type running gear includes outer guide, push-pull bar, push-pull bar one end
Being fixed on scratch diskette lower surface, one end is hinged on the end face of outer guide, and outer guide is movably disposed on the borehole wall.
Outer guide is arranged on the borehole wall by a fixing device, and fixing device includes built-in fitting and guide rails assembling base device, pre-buried
Part embeds in the borehole wall, and guide rails assembling base device is removably attached on built-in fitting, and outer guide is through guide rails assembling base device also
Slide in guide rails assembling base device.
Guide rails assembling base device includes frame structure, stopping means and roller, and outer guide is arranged in frame structure, outer guide
And stopping means and roller are set between frame structure.
Being provided with hook on scratch diskette, hook is hung in frame structure by bearing pin.
Stopping means is spring leaf.
Built-in fitting is taper embedded nut.
Guide rails assembling base device is bolted on taper embedded nut by load-bearing.
Including temporary disk (T-disk) and grab loader without steady rope self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device, grab loader is fixed under temporary disk (T-disk)
Surface, temporary disk (T-disk) is connected with the lifting means arranged on scratch diskette.
Described lifting means is hoist engine.
Temporary disk (T-disk) upper surface is uniformly distributed along the circumference and installs 4 stretching oil cylinders, and temporary disk (T-disk) is fixed on the borehole wall by 4 stretching oil cylinders.
Push-pull bar is hydraulic thrust pull bar or electric push rod.
Include that integral mold plate, integral mold plate are fixedly mounted under scratch diskette without steady rope self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device
Surface.Integral mold plate is standard frock.
A kind of without steady rope self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction method, comprise the steps:
The first step, installs step type running gear on the borehole wall, will be without steady rope self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device peace
Install on walking appliance；
Second step, staff treats pick block section and carries out perforating, fills out medicine, explosion, cleaning work, and wherein cleaning work is by pacifying
It is contained in and is responsible for without the center steering formula grab loader on steady rope self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device temporary disk (T-disk)；
3rd step, is fixed to integral mold plate on this pick block section borehole wall carry out concreting；
4th step, after concrete setting intensity reaches requirement, carries out the demoulding work of integral mold plate；
5th step, step type running gear walk next pick build section fix, now integral mold plate i.e. arrive next pick build section；
6th step, repeats second step to the 5th step.
Cleaning work is to be picked up spoil by the grab loader installed on temporary disk (T-disk) to put into well-bucket and clear up.
The method installing step type running gear is: by borehole wall template, the built-in fitting in outer guide fixing device is placed on spy
(guide rails assembling base device coordinate position to be installed) is put in location, embeds in shaft wall after cast, after borehole wall solidification-stable,
Guide rails assembling base device is installed, then, loads outer guide, after outer guide installs, lifting appliance lifting temporary disk (T-disk) put
Putting in wellbore bottom, guide rail and scratch diskette be articulated on outer guide in integral hoisting, reconnect push-pull bar afterwards.
Before cleaning work, after the position adjustment of temporary disk (T-disk) being put in place, the stretching oil cylinder on temporary disk (T-disk) is started working stretching hydraulic stem
Temporary disk (T-disk) is fixed on the borehole wall.
The traveling method of step type running gear is: after section borehole wall model sheetinstallat is built in next pick, extract guide rails assembling seat
Bearing pin on device, hydraulic push rod release, the working portion in the middle of step type formwork supporting system moves down a job
Section, wherein interior guide rail parallel moves in outer guide, is fixed by guide rails assembling base device behind in-position.In outer guide is parallel to
After guide rail moves downward an active section, outer guide is overlapped on guide rails assembling base device.
According to principle of taking a step of the present utility model, need not elevator on the ground without steady rope self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device
Machine is lifted by steel wire rope, it is only necessary to a power cable is connected to restrict on self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device without steady,
Thering is provided power for it, three hoist engines on hydraulic part and scratch diskette need electric power.Without steady rope self-supporting modularized vertical
Taking a step of well driving and masonry construction device, needs to operate on operator's switch board on device scratch diskette, and operator is manual
Complete the dismounting regulation of guide rails assembling base device, and the operation such as the installation of outer guide, interior guide rail is fixing.Operator passes through work
Switch board on dish controls the upper-lower position of temporary disk (T-disk), temporary disk (T-disk) put in place after with the stretching of the borehole wall.When temporary disk (T-disk) arrives minimum point
Time, spoil is picked up by controlling the grab loader on temporary disk (T-disk), and is put to well-bucket, thus completes barren rock by the operation employee that digs well
Removing work.By moving downward without steady rope self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device, reach integral mold plate and transport downwards
Move the purpose to work surface to be poured.Nothing of the present utility model self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device independence of surely restricting is strong,
Can be applicable to super km deep-well driving and masonry construction, additionally this step type formwork supporting system is simple to operate, thus substantially increases
Work efficiency.
Nothing of the present utility model surely restrict that self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction apparatus structure relates to borehole wall distance, work
Dish perforate, promote aperture, equipment safe distance equidimension and all meet the requirement of country's working standard, additionally for outer guide,
Interior guide rail is fixed the load-bearing bearing pin related to and has all been carried out shear stress calculating, meets requirement of strength, and main security structure is carried out
Redundancy Design, therefore, this utility model security reliability is high.
In this utility model, built-in fitting uses for reference civil buildings construction, a kind of slding form operation method of bridge building operations, different
It is that the built-in fitting of this device uses the operation principle that the biggest stroke of integral mold plate is creeped, and has again essence with slding form operation method
Difference, built-in fitting is blockwork or steel net structure to be embedded in the concrete built by laying bricks or stones in advance, additionally blockwork or
Fix one group of taper embedded nut inside person's steel net structure, after concrete reaches requirement of strength, guide rails assembling base device is led to
Cross load-bearing bolt to be installed on the embedded nut that the borehole wall exposes, simple to operate, Stability Analysis of Structures.
This utility model, compared with conventional technology, has carried out modularized design to structure, has the feature of highly versatile.This
It is applicable to diameter 3.0～the vertical driving and masonry construction of 8.0 meters of pick block sections without steady rope self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device, climbs
Rise device bearing capacity and go for diameter 3.0～8.0 meters of pit shaft building construction supportings, it is only necessary to will be without steady rope self-supporting mould
The steel construction pieces such as the protection dish of massing vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device, scratch diskette, temporary disk (T-disk) are resized to try out the chi in pit shaft
Very little and that adjustment is corresponding position of opening.This utility model is to without steady rope self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device
Modularized design, on the outer guide related to, interior guide rail, guide rails assembling base device, built-in fitting and hydraulic thrust pull bar are applicable to
State the shaft construction of each size.
This utility model, as a kind of independent nothing steady rope self-supporting modular construction, relative to traditional construction technology, is not required to
Want four high-power lifting hoist engines, save substantial amounts of electric energy, it is not necessary to steel wire rope, greatly reduce construction cost；Because being
Independent system, compared to conventional construction method, more safe and reliable, and improve construction working efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation without steady self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device of restricting；
Fig. 2 is the assembling schematic diagram of guide rails assembling base device.
Detailed description of the invention
Describe the knot of self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device of surely restricting according to nothing of the present utility model below with reference to accompanying drawings in detail
Structure schematic diagram.
As it is shown in figure 1, a kind of Construction of Silo is with without steady rope self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device.
Diagram passes through 4 interior guide rails 3 by protection dish 6 and scratch diskette 8 without steady rope self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device
Connecting together, interior guide rail 3 is the most uniform, carries out bolt by interior guide rail upper surface flange with protection dish 6 and is connected,
Lower surface flange carries out bolt with scratch diskette 8 and is connected, and interior guide rail plays the effect of rigid post member.Protection dish 6 is whole device
Top structure, tile steel plate, plays personnel on scratch diskette, the protective effect of equipment fall arrest injury, flat on protection dish
Face is provided with the Hydraulic Station of whole device.Three groups of hoist engines are installed for promoting temporary disk (T-disk) 10 and grab loader 5 on scratch diskette, grab
Rotary rock gathering machine centered by rock machine 5, installs grab loader 5 below temporary disk (T-disk) 10, temporary disk (T-disk) 10 upper surface is uniformly distributed along the circumference peace
Fill 4 stretching oil cylinders 9 tightening device as temporary disk (T-disk) 10.Flange connection is used circumferentially on scratch diskette 8 lower surface
4 hydraulic thrust pull bars 4 of uniform installation, hydraulic thrust pull bar 4 other end is hinged on outer guide 2 end face, stretching of hydraulic thrust pull bar 4
Contracting achieves the relative motion between interior guide rail 3, outer guide 2, thus realizes without steady rope self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction
The action of taking a step of device.
Carry out being embedded in the borehole wall by built-in fitting 1 during vertical shaft front 30 meters of constructions, according to circumference uniform distribution 4 on same horizontal plane,
Built-in fitting 1 is at vertical direction center superposition.Built-in fitting 1 is the tapered cup nut of Fig. 2.Vertical shaft is built by laying bricks or stones will be without surely after reaching 30 meters
By boom hoisting, (ground crane or derrick twist step type device in rope self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device
Car) transfer in well (integral mold plate 11 has been fixed in scratch diskette 8 I-beam lower surface), first by guide rails assembling base device 7
Install to built-in fitting 1, whole device is transferred to down-hole, check each position situation of step type formwork supporting system, qualified
After carry out next step use.Guide rails assembling base device 7 includes frame structure 71, stopping means 72 and roller 73, is arranged on frame
Bearing pin 15 on shelf structure 71, by the overlap joint of hook 16, carries the gravitational load of whole device, and frame structure 71 is fixed
On the borehole wall, hook 16 is fixed on scratch diskette 8, and outer guide 2 is arranged in frame structure 71, and outer guide 2 is tied with framework
Stopping means 72 and roller 73 are set between structure 71.Mounting structure such as Fig. 2 institute of guide rails assembling base device 7 and outer guide 2 grade
Showing, built-in fitting 1 i.e. tapered cup nut is embedded in concrete 12 in advance, in the rock texture 13 of concrete casting to the borehole wall, logical
Cross load-bearing bolt 14 and guide rails assembling base device 7 is fixed on the borehole wall by built-in fitting 1, when outer guide 2 slides, can pierce into and lead
Go forward side by side in the frame structure 71 of rail mounting seat device 7 line slip, under the restriction of stopping means 72, and the leading of roller devices 73
Downwards, carry out motion up or down, just because of stopping means 72 and roller devices 73 are in the system of circular well cylinder radial direction
About, it is ensured that the parallel relation between interior guide rail 3 and outer guide 2.After bearing pin 15 is extracted, hydraulic thrust pull bar 4 is released,
After making hook 16 move to certain position downwardly together together with protection dish 6 and scratch diskette 8, pull down load-bearing bolt 14, then guide rail
Mounting seat device 7 slides down at the tapered cup nut of predetermined next section, with load-bearing bolt 14 by guide rails assembling base device 7
After frame structure 71 is fixing with tapered cup nut, outer guide 2 is moved downwardly to relevant position, and whole device is overlapped by bearing pin 15
At guide rails assembling base device 7.
Nothing steady rope self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device is in place, and the staff being positioned at shaft bottom carries out next pick block section
Perforating, fill out medicine, blasting work.After completing, temporary disk (T-disk) 10 and grab loader 5 are transferred to operating position, 4 supports on hanging scaffold
Locking oil cylinder 9 is started working stretching hydraulic stem, and temporary disk (T-disk) 10 is fixed, and grab loader 5 works and picked up by the spoil of shaft bottom explosion, places
In the well-bucket that ground is transferred, carry out barren rock removing, repeat operation until the barren rock in shaft bottom has been removed.Promote temporary disk (T-disk) 10 and
Grab loader 5 to home, the fixing temporary disk (T-disk) 10 of stretching oil cylinder 9 work.Without steady rope self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction dress
Putting and have lifting hole, well-bucket etc. is promoted through lifting hole by ground stable car.
After the new borehole wall tunneling section is adjusted, integral mold plate 11 is fixed on the borehole wall, carries out leveling.Integral mold plate 11
Adjust qualified after, carry out concreting, after having poured, enter setting time, now carry out next driving section perforating,
Filling out medicine, explosion, slagging-off work, after completing, integral mold plate 11 carries out the demoulding, integral mold plate be Reusability be standard frock.
The demoulding runs downwards an active section without steady rope self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device after completing.Extract load-bearing bolt, liquid
Pressure push rod 4 is released, and the working portion in the middle of step type formwork supporting system moves down an active section, and wherein interior guide rail 3 is flat
Row moves in outer guide 2, is fixed by guide rails assembling base device 7 behind in-position.Outer guide 2 is parallel to interior guide rail 3 and transports downwards
After a dynamic active section, outer guide 2 is overlapped on guide rails assembling base device 7, without steady rope self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction
Device completes a step cycle job.
Above content is to combine the further description that this utility model is done by concrete preferred implementation, it is simple to this technology
The technical staff in field is understood that and applies this utility model, it is impossible to assert and of the present utility model be embodied as being confined to these and say
Bright.For this utility model person of an ordinary skill in the technical field, without departing from the concept of the premise utility
Some simple deduction or replace can also be made, without through performing creative labour.Therefore, those skilled in the art are according to this
The announcement of utility model, the simple modifications making this utility model all should be within protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (10)
1. one kind without steady rope self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device, it is characterised in that include step type running gear,
Protection dish and scratch diskette, protection dish and scratch diskette connect by interior guide rail is fixing, and step type running gear includes outer guide, pushes away
Pull bar, push-pull bar one end is fixed on scratch diskette lower surface, and one end is hinged on the end face of outer guide.
Nothing the most according to claim 1 is surely restricted self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device, it is characterised in that lead outward
Rail is arranged on the borehole wall by a fixing device, and fixing device includes built-in fitting and guide rails assembling base device, and built-in fitting embeds well
In wall, guide rails assembling base device is removably attached on built-in fitting, and outer guide is pacified through guide rails assembling base device and at guide rail
Slide in dress base device.
Nothing the most according to claim 2 is surely restricted self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device, it is characterised in that guide rail
Mounting seat device includes frame structure, stopping means and roller, and outer guide is arranged in frame structure, and outer guide is tied with framework
Stopping means and roller are set between structure.
Nothing the most according to claim 2 is surely restricted self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device, it is characterised in that pre-buried
Part is taper embedded nut.
Nothing the most according to claim 4 is surely restricted self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device, it is characterised in that guide rail
Mounting seat device is bolted on taper embedded nut by load-bearing.
Nothing the most according to claim 1 is surely restricted self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device, it is characterised in that without steady
Rope self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device includes temporary disk (T-disk) and grab loader, and grab loader is fixed on temporary disk (T-disk) lower surface, faces
Hour indicator is connected with the lifting means arranged on scratch diskette.
Nothing the most according to claim 6 is surely restricted self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device, it is characterised in that described
Lifting means is hoist engine.
Nothing the most according to claim 6 is surely restricted self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device, it is characterised in that interim
Dish upper surface is uniformly distributed along the circumference and installs 4 stretching oil cylinders, and temporary disk (T-disk) is fixed on the borehole wall by 4 stretching oil cylinders.
Nothing the most according to claim 1 is surely restricted self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device, it is characterised in that push-and-pull
Bar is hydraulic thrust pull bar or electric push rod.
Nothing the most according to claim 1 is surely restricted self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device, it is characterised in that without steady
Rope self-supporting modularity vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device includes that integral mold plate, integral mold plate are fixedly mounted on scratch diskette lower surface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620306170.7U CN205591926U (en) | 2016-04-13 | 2016-04-13 | Do not have self -supporting modularization shaft of surely restricting and dig step construction equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620306170.7U CN205591926U (en) | 2016-04-13 | 2016-04-13 | Do not have self -supporting modularization shaft of surely restricting and dig step construction equipment |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN205591926U true CN205591926U (en) | 2016-09-21 |
Family
ID=56923235
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620306170.7U Withdrawn - After Issue CN205591926U (en) | 2016-04-13 | 2016-04-13 | Do not have self -supporting modularization shaft of surely restricting and dig step construction equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN205591926U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107288640A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2017-10-24 | 中国黄金集团建设有限公司 | A kind of steady rope self-supporting modularization vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device of nothing |
| CN111720122A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-09-29 | 浙江中智物联科技集团有限公司 | Vertical shaft tunneling device of three-dimensional parking garage |
-
2016
- 2016-04-13 CN CN201620306170.7U patent/CN205591926U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107288640A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2017-10-24 | 中国黄金集团建设有限公司 | A kind of steady rope self-supporting modularization vertical shaft driving and masonry construction device of nothing |
| CN111720122A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-09-29 | 浙江中智物联科技集团有限公司 | Vertical shaft tunneling device of three-dimensional parking garage |
| CN111720122B (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2022-04-29 | 浙江中智物联科技集团有限公司 | Vertical shaft tunneling device of three-dimensional parking garage |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20160921 Effective date of abandoning: 20190730 |
|
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |