CN116044426A - Variable-diameter shield machine and construction method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a variable-diameter shield machine which comprises a shield body, a main drive, a variable-diameter cutter disc, a propelling device and a segment splicing system, wherein the main drive is arranged on the shield body; the main drive drives the variable-diameter cutter head to move relative to the shield body along the axial direction; the variable-diameter cutter head comprises a cutter head body, a cutter expanding device and a diameter expanding assembly; the cutter head body is connected with a main drive; the expanding and digging device is arranged in the cutter head body and can extend out of the cutter head body along the radial direction so as to excavate soil layers to form an expanding and digging space under the drive of the cutter head body; the cutter is arranged in the diameter expanding assembly and is arranged on the cutter head body when the diameter of the variable-diameter shield tunneling machine is expanded, so that the excavation diameter is expanded. Meanwhile, the invention also provides a construction method of the variable-diameter shield machine. Compared with the prior art, the variable-diameter shield machine and the construction method thereof can realize diameter change in the hole, shorten the construction period, simplify and facilitate the diameter change operation process, and are not only suitable for diameter change of the shield machine, but also suitable for TBM diameter change.

Description

Variable-diameter shield machine and construction method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction equipment, in particular to a variable-diameter shield machine and a construction method thereof.

Background

When the subway section tunnel and the station structure are constructed, the section tunnel is constructed by a shield method, and the subway station is constructed by an open cut method. The station structure adopts open cut construction, which has great influence on surrounding environment, and some areas are limited by the existing structures or buildings on the ground, and do not have open cut conditions. The size of the station tunnel is different from that of the positive line tunnel, the positive line tunnel is constructed with a small diameter, and the station platform is constructed with a large diameter. In recent years, a platform tunnel is enlarged and excavated by a mining method such as a freezing method, a grouting reinforcement method and the like, but the mining method has the advantages of long construction period, low safety and high cost.

The shield machine is a common mechanical construction device for tunnel construction, and in order to match the construction of different tunnels, the shield machine is usually required to be changed in diameter. However, the prior art is still limited to expanding the diameter of the outer shell of the hole, unshelling and reducing the diameter in the hole, the mode can only realize that the diameter of the shield machine is changed from large to small in the construction process in the hole, and the diameter of the shield machine still needs to be changed from small to large in the outside of the hole if the diameter of the shield machine is changed from small to large, so that the problems of long construction period and complicated diameter changing operation process exist. Or a working well is arranged at the reducing position, and then the shield tunneling machine of another specification is replaced, but the method still has the problems of long construction period and complicated reducing operation process. And some occasions do not have the condition of setting a working well, can not realize the diameter change in a hole, and cause great inconvenience to construction.

Disclosure of Invention

The method aims at solving the technical problems that in order to cooperate with different tunnel construction, the shield machine in the prior art needs to be subjected to diameter changing, the construction period of the diameter changing is long, and the operation process of the diameter changing is complex. The invention provides a variable-diameter shield machine and a construction method thereof, wherein main driving energy of the variable-diameter shield machine stretches along an axial direction relative to a shield body, an expanding cutter device is arranged in a cutter disc and can rotate along the cutter disc to radially expand and dig, so that space required by reducing can be formed by excavating in a hole through the expanding cutter device, the shield machine can realize reducing in the hole, the diameter of the shield machine can be reduced from large to small in the hole, and meanwhile, the diameter of the shield machine can be reduced from small to large in the hole, and the construction period can be better shortened. The reducing operation process is realized in the hole, the shield machine is not required to be dragged out of the hole, and meanwhile, a working well is not required to be additionally arranged, so that the reducing operation process is simpler and more convenient.

A variable-diameter shield machine comprises a shield body, a main drive, a variable-diameter cutter disc, a propelling device and a segment splicing system;

the shield body comprises a variable-diameter front shield and a tail shield, and the tail shield is connected to the tail end of the variable-diameter front shield;

The main drive is arranged in the variable-diameter front shield so as to drive the variable-diameter cutterhead to rotate;

the variable-diameter cutter head is arranged on the main drive and is positioned at the front end of the variable-diameter front shield, and the main drive drives the variable-diameter cutter head to move relative to the shield body along the axial direction;

the propelling device is arranged in the variable-diameter front shield so as to push the variable-diameter front shield to move;

the duct piece assembling system is arranged in the variable-diameter front shield to assemble duct pieces;

the variable-diameter cutterhead comprises a cutterhead body, an expanding and digging device and an expanding assembly;

the cutter head body is connected with the main drive;

the expanding and digging cutter device is arranged in the cutter head body and can extend out of the cutter head body along the radial direction so as to excavate soil layers to form an expanding and digging space under the drive of the cutter head body;

the diameter expanding assembly is arranged on the cutter head body when the diameter of the variable-diameter shield tunneling machine is expanded, so that the excavation diameter of the variable-diameter cutter head is expanded.

Preferably, a telescopic supporting shoe is arranged at the bottom of the variable-diameter front shield, the telescopic supporting shoe comprises a supporting shoe oil cylinder and a supporting shoe plate, the supporting shoe plate is arranged at the output end of the supporting shoe oil cylinder, and the supporting shoe oil cylinder is used for driving the supporting shoe plate to extend out when the variable-diameter shield machine expands the diameter;

The adjustable diameter shield machine comprises a variable diameter shield machine body, and is characterized in that a telescopic support plate is arranged on the periphery of the variable diameter shield machine body, the telescopic support plate comprises a support plate oil cylinder and a support plate, the support plate is arranged at the output end of the support plate oil cylinder, and the support plate oil cylinder is used for driving the support plate to extend out when the variable diameter shield machine expands the diameter.

Preferably, the front end of the variable-diameter front shield is provided with a slag blocking ring.

Preferably, the device further comprises a force transmission ring device;

the force transmission ring device is arranged on the propulsion device to transmit thrust when the diameter of the variable-diameter shield machine is expanded.

Preferably, a wedge-shaped block segment assembling oil cylinder is arranged in the force transfer ring device so as to assist in installing segments;

and a buffer cushion is also arranged at the tail part of the force transmission ring device.

Preferably, the device also comprises a support assembly device;

the support assembly device is arranged on the variable-diameter cutter head and can move and rotate along with the variable-diameter cutter head so as to install support in the expanding and digging space formed by the excavation of the expanding and digging cutter device.

The construction method of the variable-diameter shield machine can be applied to the construction method of a shield method or a TBM method, and the construction method comprises the following steps:

tunneling by using the variable diameter shield tunneling machine according to any one of the above;

Preparing for expanding: the main drive extends out along the axial direction to drive the cutter head body to perform axial expansion digging;

cutter head expanding: the main drive axially retracts, the expanding and digging cutter device radially extends out of the cutter head body, the main drive continuously drives the cutter head body to rotate, and simultaneously the main drive continuously axially extends out to drive the expanding and digging cutter device to expand and dig the peripheral soil layer so as to form an expanding and digging space;

cutter head expanding: the main drive retracts along the axial direction, rotates the cutter head body, rotates spokes on the cutter head body to the bottommost part, ejects the spokes, installs the diameter expanding assembly between the cutter head body and the spokes, and repeats the steps until all the diameter expanding assemblies are installed;

expanding the diameter of the shield body: the variable-diameter shield tunneling machine continues tunneling, the variable-diameter front shield enters the expanding and excavating space, and the variable-diameter front shield is expanded;

tail shield replacement and force transmission ring installation: and removing the tail shield from the variable-diameter front shield, installing a large shield tail shield on the variable-diameter front shield, and installing a force transmission ring device at the propulsion device to continue tunneling.

Preferably, the cutter head diameter expansion and the shield body diameter expansion further comprise:

And (3) support installation: mounting a support on a soil layer wall body in the expanding and digging space;

and (3) installing a slag blocking ring: and a slag blocking ring is arranged at the front end of the variable-diameter front shield.

Preferably, before the support is installed, the method further comprises:

soil layer reinforcement: and carrying out freezing reinforcement or grouting reinforcement on the soil layer wall body in the expanding and digging space.

Preferably, in the expanding of the shield body, the diameter of the variable-diameter front shield is expanded through a telescopic supporting shoe and a telescopic supporting plate which are arranged in the variable-diameter front shield.

Preferably, after the tail shield is replaced and the force transmission ring is installed, the method further comprises the steps of:

reducing preparation: the main drive extends out along the axial direction to drive the cutter head body to perform axial expansion digging;

reducing the cutter head: the main drive retracts along the axial direction, rotates the cutter head body, rotates spokes on the cutter head body to the top, removes the diameter expanding assembly installed at the position, retracts the spokes, and repeats the steps until all the diameter expanding assemblies are removed and all the spokes are retracted;

tail shield replacement and force transmission ring removal: removing the large shield tail shield from the variable-diameter front shield, installing the tail shield on the variable-diameter front shield, removing the force transmission ring device, and continuing tunneling;

The shield body is reduced in diameter: reducing the diameter of the variable-diameter front shield, filling slag soil at the periphery of the variable-diameter front shield, and continuing tunneling.

Compared with the prior art, the variable-diameter shield machine provided by the invention comprises a shield body, a main drive, a variable-diameter cutter disc, a propelling device and a segment splicing system; the shield body comprises a variable-diameter front shield and a tail shield, and the tail shield is connected to the tail end of the variable-diameter front shield; the main drive is arranged in the variable-diameter front shield so as to drive the variable-diameter cutterhead to rotate; the variable-diameter cutter head is arranged on the main drive and is positioned at the front end of the variable-diameter front shield, and the main drive drives the variable-diameter cutter head to move relative to the shield body along the axial direction; the propelling device is arranged in the variable-diameter front shield so as to push the variable-diameter front shield to move; the duct piece assembling system is arranged in the variable-diameter front shield to assemble duct pieces; the variable-diameter cutterhead comprises a cutterhead body, an expanding and digging device and an expanding assembly; the cutter head body is connected with the main drive; the expanding and digging cutter device is arranged in the cutter head body and can extend out of the cutter head body along the radial direction so as to excavate soil layers to form an expanding and digging space under the drive of the cutter head body; the diameter expanding assembly is internally provided with a cutter which is arranged on the cutter head body when the diameter of the variable-diameter shield tunneling machine is expanded, so as to expand the excavation diameter of the variable-diameter cutter head. The variable-diameter shield tunneling machine is characterized in that the expanding cutter device is arranged in the variable-diameter shield tunneling machine, the expanding cutter device is arranged on the cutter head body, meanwhile, the main driving drive drives the variable-diameter cutter head to move relative to the shield body along the axial direction, so that the expanding cutter device can translate and rotate along with the cutter head body, and when the variable-diameter shield tunneling machine needs to be subjected to diameter changing, the expanding cutter device can radially excavate soil layers in holes to form an expanding space, and the diameter of the variable-diameter shield tunneling machine can be changed from small to large in the expanding space. The variable diameter shield machine can be changed in the hole without pulling the variable diameter shield machine out of the hole, and meanwhile, a working well is not required to be additionally arranged, so that the construction period can be better shortened, and the variable diameter operation process is simpler and more convenient.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a variable diameter shield machine according to an embodiment in a small shield state;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a variable diameter shield machine according to an embodiment in a large shield state;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a configuration for expanding preparation;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cutter head expanding and digging structure;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a cutter head expanding structure;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a support installation;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a slag blocking ring installation structure;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the shield expansion structure;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the tail shield replacement and force transfer ring installation;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a structure of a reducing preparation;

fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a cutter head diameter reduction structure;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the tail shield replacement and removal of the force transfer ring;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the shield body diameter reduction;

fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the variable diameter shield tunneling machine after diameter reduction.

Detailed Description

In order to better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.

It is noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed," "mounted," or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly disposed on the other element; when an element is "connected" or "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected or indirectly connected to the other element.

It is to be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present application and simplify description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be configured and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present application.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" or "a number" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.

It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings are for illustration purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure, since any structural modifications, proportional changes, or dimensional adjustments made by those skilled in the art should not be made in the present disclosure without affecting the efficacy or achievement of the present disclosure.

The invention provides a variable-diameter shield machine which comprises a shield body, a main drive, a variable-diameter cutter disc, a propelling device and a segment splicing system, wherein the main drive is arranged on the shield body; the shield body comprises a variable-diameter front shield and a tail shield, and the tail shield is connected to the tail end of the variable-diameter front shield; the main drive is arranged in the variable-diameter front shield so as to drive the variable-diameter cutterhead to rotate; the variable-diameter cutter head is arranged on the main drive and is positioned at the front end of the variable-diameter front shield, and the main drive drives the variable-diameter cutter head to move relative to the shield body along the axial direction; the propelling device is arranged in the variable-diameter front shield so as to push the variable-diameter front shield to move; the duct piece assembling system is arranged in the variable-diameter front shield to assemble duct pieces; the variable-diameter cutterhead comprises a cutterhead body, an expanding and digging device and an expanding assembly; the cutter head body is connected with the main drive; the expanding and digging cutter device is arranged in the cutter head body and can extend out of the cutter head body along the radial direction so as to excavate soil layers to form an expanding and digging space under the drive of the cutter head body; the diameter expanding assembly is internally provided with a cutter which is arranged on the cutter head body when the diameter of the variable-diameter shield tunneling machine is expanded, so as to expand the excavation diameter of the variable-diameter cutter head. The variable-diameter shield tunneling machine is characterized in that the expanding cutter device is arranged in the variable-diameter shield tunneling machine, the expanding cutter device is arranged on the cutter head body, meanwhile, the main driving drive drives the variable-diameter cutter head to move relative to the shield body along the axial direction, so that the expanding cutter device can translate and rotate along with the cutter head body, and when the variable-diameter shield tunneling machine needs to be subjected to diameter changing, the expanding cutter device can radially excavate soil layers in holes to form an expanding space, and the diameter of the variable-diameter shield tunneling machine can be changed from small to large in the expanding space. The variable diameter shield machine can be changed in the hole without pulling the variable diameter shield machine out of the hole, and meanwhile, a working well is not required to be additionally arranged, so that the construction period can be better shortened, and the variable diameter operation process is simpler and more convenient.

Please refer to fig. 1 and fig. 2 in combination. The embodiment provides a variable diameter shield machine 100, which can realize one-time construction of a positive line section tunnel and a station tunnel, wherein the variable diameter shield machine 100 can realize small and large and small in-situ in a hole, realize continuous diameter change and large diameter change, can adapt to various complex strata, can be applied to other similar construction occasions, greatly improves engineering adaptability, safety and efficiency, and reduces construction cost.

The variable diameter shield machine 100 comprises a shield body 10, a main drive 20, a variable diameter cutter 30, a propelling device 40 and a duct piece assembling system 50. The shield body 10 comprises a variable-diameter front shield 11 and a tail shield 12, and the tail shield 12 is connected to the tail end of the variable-diameter front shield 11. The shield 10 is primarily used to support stabilization of surrounding earth formations while providing mounting interfaces for various internal equipment such as main drives, hydraulic, electrical components, etc.

It should be noted that, the shield body 10 may be formed by a form of "front shield+middle shield+tail shield", or may be formed by a form of "front shield+tail shield". The variable diameter front shield 11 is used instead in this embodiment, since the front shield acts and the conversion process is similar to that of the middle shield.

Wherein, the variable diameter front shield 11 means that the maximum diameter can be changed at the outer periphery of the variable diameter front shield 11 in the present embodiment, so that the overall diameter of the front shield is changed. Specifically, in this embodiment, the variable-diameter front shield 11 is of a telescopic structure, and the overall diameter of the front shield is changed by telescoping a corresponding telescopic member in the variable-diameter front shield 11. Of course, in other embodiments, the variable-diameter front shield 11 may also be a spliced structure, and when the overall diameter of the front shield needs to be enlarged, corresponding components may be spliced outside Zhou Ewai of the variable-diameter front shield 11, so as to realize the change of the overall diameter of the front shield.

Correspondingly, the tail shield may likewise have two different dimensions in order to accommodate the two different diameters of the front shield. Specifically, in the present embodiment, for convenience of description, the small-diameter tail shield is the tail shield 12, and the large-diameter tail shield is the large-shield tail shield 13. That is, the tail shield of the variable diameter shield machine 100 may be provided with at least two different diameters, so that different excavation diameters may be adapted. Preferably, in order to prevent external silt, slurry, water and the like from entering the shield machine, the tail end of the tail shield 12 and the tail end of the large shield tail shield 13 can be further provided with a tail brush, so that the seal is formed by the segments. Of course, in other embodiments, the shield tail brushes may be replaced with steel plate bundles for sealing with the tube sheets.

The main drive 20 is disposed inside the variable diameter front shield 11, and the variable diameter cutterhead 30 is disposed on the main drive 20 and is located at the front end of the variable diameter front shield 11. The main drive 20 is a power source for driving the variable diameter cutterhead 30 to rotate, and may be in different driving modes such as electric driving and hydraulic driving. The variable diameter cutterhead 30 functions to rotatably excavate face rock soil. In this embodiment, the main drive 20 may further drive the variable-diameter cutterhead 30 to move axially relative to the shield body 10, that is, the main drive 20 may not only drive the variable-diameter cutterhead 30 to rotate, but also drive the variable-diameter cutterhead 30 to stretch axially. The specific structure of the main drive 20 driving the variable diameter cutterhead 30 to axially move may be any linear driving unit, and specific driving modes thereof may be electric driving, hydraulic driving, etc., such as an electric cylinder, an oil cylinder, etc.

The propulsion device 40 is disposed inside the variable diameter front shield 11 to push the variable diameter front shield 11 to move. The duct piece assembling system 50 is disposed inside the variable diameter front shield to assemble the duct piece 200. The propulsion device 40 is composed of a plurality of cylinders, and provides forward propulsion force for the host machine by being propped against the duct piece. The segment assembling system 50 is the same as a conventional shield segment assembling machine and is used for assembling the segment 200, and the segment assembling system 50 has the functions of translation, rotation and the like of the conventional shield segment assembling machine.

The variable diameter cutterhead 30 includes a cutterhead body 31, a cutter-enlarging device 32 and a diameter-enlarging assembly 33. The cutter head body 31 is connected with the main drive 20, the cutter expansion device 32 is arranged in the cutter head body 31, and the cutter expansion device 32 can extend out of the cutter head body 31 along the radial direction so as to excavate soil layers to form an expansion excavation space under the drive of the cutter head body 31. It can be appreciated that, since the cutter expansion device 32 can extend out of the cutter head body 31 in the radial direction, the cutter head body 31 is connected to the main drive 20, so that the main drive 20 can drive the cutter head body 31 to rotate and translate, and further drive the cutter expansion device 32 to synchronously rotate and translate. The expanding and digging cutter device 32 can expand and dig surrounding soil layers in the following rotation and translation processes, and finally can expand and dig an annular expanding and digging space.

That is, the cutter device 32 is configured to excavate soil layer radially to form an excavated space, so that a corresponding installation space can be provided for the variable diameter cutterhead 30 and the variable diameter front shield 11 through the excavated space, and the variable diameter shield machine 100 can realize diameter transformation in a hole.

The concrete structure of the soil layer excavated by the cutter device 32 can be a cone drill, a cutting head, a bucket and the like, and the concrete structure can be selected according to the actual soil layer condition. The specific structure for realizing the radial expansion and contraction of the cutter device 32 may be any linear driving unit, and specific driving modes thereof may adopt electric driving, hydraulic driving, and the like, such as an electric cylinder, an oil cylinder, and the like.

The diameter expansion assembly 33 is provided with a cutter, and the diameter expansion assembly 33 is mounted on the cutter head body 31 to expand the excavation diameter of the variable diameter cutter head 30 when the variable diameter shield tunneling machine expands the diameter. That is, in the present embodiment, the diameter of the variable diameter cutterhead 30 is changed by attaching and detaching the diameter expanding assembly 33. The diameter of the variable diameter cutterhead 30 is enlarged by attaching the diameter enlarging assembly 33 to the cutterhead body 31. And the diameter-reducing assembly 33 is removed from the cutter head body 31, thereby reducing the diameter of the variable diameter cutter head 30. Specifically, in this embodiment, the expanding assembly 33 includes a side block and a cutter.

Of course, in other embodiments, the different diameters of the cutterhead may be implemented by additionally splicing cutterhead units at the outermost periphery of the variable diameter cutterhead 30, so as to implement the change of the cutterhead diameters; the cutter head diameter may be changed by changing the cutter head unit having a different length at the outermost periphery of the variable diameter cutter head 30. In this embodiment, the expanding assembly 33 is installed and removed, so that the overall structure is more stable, and transportation and installation are facilitated.

It can be understood that in the shield machine in the prior art, the diameter of the shield machine can be only reduced from large to small in the construction process in the hole, and the diameter of the shield machine still needs to be reduced from small to large and can be realized outside the hole, so that the problems of long construction period and complicated reducing operation process exist. Or a working well is arranged at the reducing position, and then the shield tunneling machine of another specification is replaced, but the method still has the problems of long construction period and complicated reducing operation process. And some occasions do not have the condition of setting a working well, can not realize the diameter change in a hole, and cause great inconvenience to construction. Under the background, a new construction method of the underground excavation machinery is required to be sought, the tunnel between the positive line section and the station tunnel can be constructed at one time, the capability of carrying out large-scale diameter changing in situ is required, the size can be changed into be small and large, and the problem to be solved by the person skilled in the art is still needed.

The expanding cutter device 32 is disposed in the variable diameter shield machine 100 provided in this embodiment, and the expanding cutter device 32 is disposed in the cutter head body 31, so that the expanding cutter device 32 can radially expand and dig in a hole to form an expanding and digging space 300 under the driving of translation and rotation of the cutter head body 31, thereby the variable diameter shield machine 100 can realize the diameter change from small to large in the hole, the variable diameter shield machine 100 does not need to be dragged out of the hole, and meanwhile, a working well does not need to be additionally disposed, the construction period is better shortened, and the variable diameter operation process is simpler and more convenient.

Preferably, a telescopic supporting shoe 111 is arranged at the bottom of the variable-diameter front shield 11, the telescopic supporting shoe 111 comprises a supporting shoe oil cylinder and a supporting shoe plate, the supporting shoe plate is arranged on an output section of the supporting shoe oil cylinder, and the supporting shoe oil cylinder is used for driving the supporting shoe plate to extend when the variable-diameter shield machine 100 expands the diameter.

In the present embodiment, the telescopic supporting plate 112 is provided on the circumference of the variable diameter front shield 11, and the telescopic supporting shoes 111 are provided on the bottom of the variable diameter front shield 11, so that the circumference of the variable diameter front shield 11 in the present embodiment does not include the bottom of the variable diameter front shield 11, and may include a top and left and right sides. The telescopic support plate 112 comprises a support cylinder and a support plate, the support plate is arranged at the output end of the support cylinder, and the support plate is used for driving the support plate to extend out when the diameter of the variable diameter shield machine 100 is expanded.

Therefore, when the diameter of the variable diameter shield machine 100 is expanded, the whole machine can be lifted up and bear the gravity of the main machine and the tunneling reaction force by the extension of the telescopic support shoe 111. When the variable-diameter shield machine 100 is driven by a small shield, the telescopic support shoes 111 are all retracted into the outer diameter of the small shield, and when the variable-diameter shield machine 100 is switched to a large shield, the telescopic support shoes 111 are extended to realize the diameter expansion of the shield body. The telescopic support plate 112 mainly aims at extending support surrounding rock during diameter expansion, when the variable-diameter shield machine 100 is driven by a small shield, the telescopic support plate 112 is fully retracted into the outer diameter of the small shield, and when the variable-diameter shield machine 100 is switched to large shield driving, the telescopic support plate 112 extends out together with support shoes to realize shield diameter expansion.

Preferably, the front end of the variable diameter front shield 11 is also provided with a slag blocking ring 60. Specifically, when the diameter of the variable diameter shield machine 100 is expanded, the slag blocking ring 60 is installed around the front end of the variable diameter front shield 11, and mainly serves to prevent the slag of the soil bin from entering the rear part of the shield body.

Preferably, the variable diameter shield machine 100 further includes a force transmission ring device 70, and the force transmission ring device 70 is configured to be mounted on the propulsion device 40 to transmit thrust force when the variable diameter shield machine 100 expands the diameter. It will be appreciated that the size of the installed segment 200 also needs to be changed after the variable diameter shield machine 100 has been changed. The force-transmitting ring device 70 provided in this embodiment is mainly used for solving the problem that the pushing device 40 and the segment 200 with a large diameter do not concentrically transmit the pushing force when the diameter is changed from a small diameter to a large diameter. Specifically, the force-transmitting ring device 70 can be made of steel structural members and assembled by blocks, so that the transportation, the installation and the disassembly are convenient.

Preferably, the force transfer ring device 70 is provided with a wedge-shaped block segment assembling cylinder 71, and the wedge-shaped block segment assembling cylinder 71 is used for assisting in installing segments. Specifically, the wedge-shaped block segment assembling cylinder 71 is hidden inside the force transmission ring device 70, and can extend out to assist in installing the wedge-shaped block segment. The tail part of the force transmission ring device 70 is also provided with a buffer pad 72, so that the stress of the duct piece can be buffered through the buffer pad 72, and the buffer pad 72 can be made of nylon/polyurethane/rubber.

Please refer to fig. 6 in combination. Preferably, the variable diameter shield machine 100 further includes a support assembly device 80, where the support assembly device 80 is disposed on the variable diameter cutterhead 30 and can move and rotate along with the variable diameter cutterhead 30, so as to install a support 400 in the expanding and digging space formed by the expanding and digging cutter device 32. Thereby through the support assembly device 80 install the support 400 in the expanding and digging space, the stability of the soil body can be further enhanced, and the risks of collapse and the like in the subsequent process are prevented. In addition, the support 400 is installed by the support assembling device 80, so that the installation efficiency is further improved. In this embodiment, the support 400 is specifically a steel arch support, and the support assembly device 80 has the functions of grabbing, lifting, rotating, and the like of the steel arch. Of course, in other embodiments, anchor mesh, spray support, etc. may be used. According to the stratum stability, different reinforcing supports are selected.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the segment assembly system 50 has an assembly capability of moving substantially in an axial direction and substantially in a radial direction, and has an ability of assembling the segment 200 with a small diameter, the segment 200 with a large diameter, the force transmission ring device 70, the tail shield 12, and the large shield tail shield 13.

Preferably, the variable diameter shield machine 100 further includes a slag discharging system 90, and the slag discharging system 90 is installed in the shield body 10 to convey the earth blocks excavated during the tunneling process of the variable diameter shield machine 100. Wherein, the slag discharging system 90 can select different slag discharging modes according to stratum conditions, such as selecting a slurry pipeline/screw conveyor for slag discharging in a small shield state, and selecting a slurry pipeline for slag discharging in a large shield state.

Preferably, the variable diameter cutterhead 30 is further provided with a freezing pipe 34, so that when the geological formation is poor, the cutterhead can be frozen and surrounding formations can be frozen, and the requirement of personnel warehouse entry operation can be met.

Preferably, the tail shield 12 and the large shield tail shield 13 are formed by modularized assembly, and when the diameter is expanded, the tail shield 12 can be disassembled in blocks, and the large shield tail shield 13 is assembled in blocks; during diameter reduction, the large shield tail shield 13 can be disassembled in blocks or directly left in a stratum, and the tail shield 12 is assembled in blocks.

Meanwhile, the embodiment also provides a construction method of the variable-diameter shield machine, which is applicable to a construction method of a shield method or a TBM method, and comprises the following steps:

the variable diameter shield machine 100 is used for tunneling.

When the variable diameter shield machine 100 is in a normal construction state, soil is excavated through the variable diameter cutter head 30, surrounding soil is supported by the shield body 10, the duct piece 200 is assembled by the duct piece assembling system 50, and the propelling device 40 props against the duct piece 200 to enable the whole equipment to generate forward power.

Please refer to fig. 3 in combination. Preparing for expanding: the main drive 20 extends axially to drive the cutterhead body 31 to perform axial expansion.

Specifically, when tunneling is performed to a preset position, the main drive 20 is extended, and the cutter head body 31 is axially extended to make a space for expanding the diameter of the next operation.

As an alternative, if the geology is poor after the diameter expansion preparation, the cutterhead body 31 and the surrounding soil layer can be frozen or grouting is advanced and reinforced, so as to provide a stable and safe space for subsequent operations.

Please refer to fig. 4 in combination. Cutter head expanding: the main drive 20 retracts axially, the expanding cutter device 32 extends out of the cutter head body 31 in the radial direction, the main drive 20 continues to drive the cutter head body 31 to rotate, and meanwhile, the main drive 20 continues to extend out axially, so as to drive the expanding cutter device 32 to expand and dig the peripheral soil layer, thereby forming an expanding and digging space 300.

Specifically, when the main drive 20 is retracted, the main drive 20 may be extended first, and after a certain length of extension, the extension cutter device 32 begins to extend again, and at the same time, the cutter head body 31 rotates to perform extension on the surrounding soil body. Thus, interference among the components is better avoided.

Alternatively, if the stroke of the expanding cutter device 32 is insufficient, the excavation radius of the expanding cutter device 32 may be extended by adding an extension rod.

Please refer to fig. 5 in combination. Cutter head expanding: the main drive 20 retracts axially, rotates the cutter head body 31, rotates the spokes 311 on the cutter head body 31 to the bottommost part, ejects the spokes 311, installs the diameter expanding assembly 33 between the cutter head body 31 and the spokes 311, and repeats the steps until all the diameter expanding assemblies 33 are installed. That is, after one of the diameter-enlarging assemblies 33 is installed, the cutter head body 31 is rotated again, and the other spokes 311 on the cutter head body 31 are rotated to the bottommost portion, so that the next diameter-enlarging assembly 33 is continuously installed until all the diameter-enlarging assemblies 33 are installed, thereby completing the diameter enlargement of the cutter head.

In this step, the main drive 20 only needs to retract slightly in the axial direction, so that the front surface of the cutterhead body 31 is separated from the face.

Preferably, after the cutter disc expands, the cutter disc further comprises:

please refer to fig. 6 in combination. And (3) support installation: the support 400 is installed on the soil layer wall body in the extended excavation space 300.

Specifically, in this step, the main drive 20 is first extended completely in the axial direction, and a space for installing the support 400 is left in the soil bin; after the support 400 is transported into the soil bin, the support 400 is assembled by the support assembling device 80, and the support 400 needs to be assembled until the expanding tunneling is completed. Therefore, the risk of collapse and the like in the subsequent process can be prevented through the step. Specifically, in this embodiment, the support 400 is a steel arch support.

Preferably, before the support is installed, the method further comprises:

soil layer reinforcement: and (3) carrying out freezing reinforcement or grouting reinforcement on the soil layer wall body in the expansion and excavation space 300. That is, when the stratum is poor, the soil layer around the expansion and excavation space 300 can be reinforced and stopped by adopting a freezing method or a grouting reinforcement method.

It will be appreciated that when the soil layer is stable, it is not necessary to consolidate the soil layer and install the support.

Preferably, after the support is installed, the support further comprises:

please refer to fig. 7 in combination. And (3) installing a slag blocking ring: the slag blocking ring 60 is mounted on the front end of the variable diameter front shield 11.

Specifically, in this step, the main machine continues to advance forward (only the main drive 20 is extended during the advance, and the whole machine is pushed in a blank manner during the advance, so that the thrust required by the main machine advance can be reduced); until the front end of the shield body 10 leaves a space for installing the slag blocking ring 60, the slag blocking ring 60 is installed to form a whole ring, and the soil bin and the front slag soil are prevented from entering the rear end of the shield body 10.

Please refer to fig. 8 in combination. Expanding the diameter of the shield body: the variable diameter shield machine 100 continues to perform tunneling, and the variable diameter front shield 11 enters the expanding space 300 to expand the diameter of the variable diameter front shield 11.

Preferably, in this step, the diameter of the shield body is enlarged, and the diameter of the variable diameter front shield 11 is enlarged by the telescopic supporting shoes 111 and the telescopic supporting plates 112 provided inside the variable diameter front shield.

Specifically, when the telescopic support shoes 111 tunneled to the front end have a stretching space, the telescopic support shoes 111 at the front end are stretched out to the position of the shield body 10 where the diameter is required to be expanded, and the corresponding telescopic support plates 112 are stretched out; the tunneling is continued and the above-described process is repeated until all the telescopic supporting shoes 111 and all the telescopic supporting plates 112 are extended, thereby completing the diameter expansion of the shield body.

Please refer to fig. 9 in combination. Tail shield replacement and force transmission ring installation: and removing the tail shield 12 from the variable-diameter front shield 11, installing the large shield tail shield 13 on the variable-diameter front shield 11, and installing a force transmission ring device 70 at the propulsion device 40 to continue tunneling.

Specifically, when the variable diameter shield machine 100 is tunneled to the position satisfying the removal of the tail shield 12, since in this embodiment, the tail shield 12 is of a block structure, after the single block is removed, the segment assembly system 50 can be used for grabbing and telescoping rotation, so that the rapid disassembly is facilitated, and the tail shield can be transported to the rear part of the tunnel after the disassembly.

And the large shield tail shield 13 also belongs to a block structure, and after being transported into a hole in place, the segment assembly system 50 can be used for grabbing and stretching and rotating, so that the large shield tail shield 13 can be assembled rapidly in a narrow space.

The force-transmitting ring device 70 is also of a block type structure, and can be assembled quickly by the segment assembling system 50 after being transported into place, similar to assembling segments.

It will be appreciated that after the variable diameter shield machine 100 is expanded, a larger diameter of the tube sheet 200 may be used for installation. Preferably, when assembling the large-diameter segment 200, the first ring may be made of steel pipe for connection with the small-diameter segment 200. Similarly, when the small-diameter segment 200 is assembled, the last ring may be a steel pipe segment. By fixing the small-diameter steel pipe sheet and the large-diameter steel pipe sheet, the stress condition can be improved. Specifically, the segments 200 with large/small diameters may be reinforced with excessive switching ribs. More preferably, a reinforcing area can be formed by grouting outside the pipe piece 200 with the small diameter of the last few rings, so that a good bearing foundation is provided for the pipe piece 200 with the large diameter. So far, the variable diameter shield machine 100 completes the conversion process of the cutter head, the shield body and the duct piece, and the whole diameter expansion conversion is completed, so that the normal large shield tunneling mode can be started.

In order to achieve the diameter reduction of the variable diameter shield machine 100 in the hole, preferably, the tail shield replacement and the force transmission ring installation may further include:

please refer to fig. 10 in combination. Reducing preparation: the main drive 20 extends axially to drive the cutterhead body 31 to perform axial expansion.

When the shield is driven to a preset position, the main drive 20 is extended, and the cutter head body 31 and the diameter expanding assembly 33 mounted on the cutter head body 31 are axially expanded to vacate the next operation space.

As an alternative, if the geology is poor after the diameter reduction preparation, the cutterhead body 31 and the surrounding soil body can be frozen or grouting is advanced and reinforced, so that a stable and safe space is provided for subsequent operations.

Please refer to fig. 11 in combination. Reducing the cutter head: the main drive 20 retracts axially, rotates the cutter head body 31, rotates the spokes 311 on the cutter head body 31 to the top, removes the diameter-enlarging assemblies 33 installed therein, retracts the spokes 311, and repeats this step until all the diameter-enlarging assemblies 33 are removed and all the spokes 311 are retracted.

That is, after the removal of one diameter-enlarging assembly 33 is completed, the cutter head body 31 is rotated again, and the other spokes 311 on the cutter head body 31 are rotated to the top, so that the next diameter-enlarging assembly 33 is continuously removed until the removal of all the diameter-enlarging assemblies 33 is completed, thereby completing the diameter reduction of the cutter head.

In this step, the main drive 20 is retracted slightly in the axial direction, so that the front surface of the cutterhead body 31 is separated from the face

Please refer to fig. 12 in combination. Tail shield replacement and force transmission ring removal: removing the large shield tail shield 13 from the variable-diameter front shield 11, installing the tail shield 12 on the variable-diameter front shield 11, removing the force transmission ring device 70, and continuing tunneling;

after the large shield tail shield 13 is disconnected from the variable-diameter front shield 11, the large shield tail shield 13 is directly left in soil. The shield tail 12 is of a block structure, and after being transported in, the assembly system 50 can grasp and stretch and rotate, so that the assembly of the tail shield 12 can be rapidly completed in a narrow space. And the force-transmitting ring device 70 can be transported out of the hole step by step after being disassembled.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the replacement of the tail shield and the removal of the force transmission ring further include the removal of the slag blocking ring 60, and the slag blocking ring 60 is left in the soil body after being removed.

It will be appreciated that after the variable diameter shield machine 100 is reduced, smaller diameter tube sheets 200 may be used for installation. Preferably, when assembling the small-diameter segment 200, the first ring may be a steel pipe for connecting with the large-diameter segment 200. Similarly, when assembling the large-diameter segment 200, the last ring may be a steel pipe segment. By fixing the small-diameter steel pipe sheet and the large-diameter steel pipe sheet, the stress condition can be improved. Specifically, the segments 200 with large/small diameters may be reinforced with excessive switching ribs. More preferably, a reinforcing area can be formed by grouting on the outer side of the pipe piece 200 with the large diameter of the last few rings, so that a good bearing foundation is provided for the pipe piece 200 with the small diameter.

Please refer to fig. 13 in combination. The shield body is reduced in diameter: reducing the diameter of the variable-diameter front shield 11, filling dregs at the periphery of the variable-diameter front shield 11, and continuing tunneling.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the diameter of the variable diameter front shield 11 is reduced by retracting the telescopic support shoes 111 and the telescopic support plates 112. During the diameter reduction process, all the telescopic support plates 112 are retracted (if not retracted due to the dregs, the telescopic support plates can be directly cut off); the periphery of the shield body 10 is filled with dense dregs for carrying the weight of a host machine; and retracting all the telescopic supporting shoes 111 to finish diameter reduction and starting a normal small shield tunneling mode.

Please refer to fig. 14 in combination. The reduced variable diameter shield machine 100 continues to tunnel forward.

The variable diameter shield machine 100 is not limited to the one that is first made larger and then made smaller, but may be the one that is first made smaller and then made larger.

The variable diameter shield machine 100 and the construction method of the variable diameter shield machine provided by the embodiment can freely convert the diameter of a formed tunnel in situ in a tunnel in the tunnel construction process, the conversion process is repeated and reversible, the large-amplitude diameter change is realized, and the engineering adaptability is greatly improved. The multi-purpose one-machine shield machine is realized, a single shield machine can realize tunneling of shield tunnels with different sizes, the time consumed by the conversion outside the tunnel is reduced, the unnecessary construction of a shield machine construction well is reduced, and the equipment value is exerted to the greatest extent. Meanwhile, a working well is not required to be arranged, conversion can be completed, and cost and construction period are saved.

The variable-diameter shield machine 100 and the construction method of the variable-diameter shield machine provided by the embodiment can adapt to various strata such as hard rock, composite strata, soft soil and the like, and if the stratum is a single soft soil stratum, the expansion and the reduction can be carried out in a manner of directly adopting a telescopic super-digging cutter.

It should be noted that, the diameter-variable cutterhead 30 does not have to adopt a mode of installing the diameter-expanding assembly 33 in the middle after pushing out spokes, but can also adopt a mode of directly installing edge block cutters at the edge of the cutterhead, and if the diameter-variable diameter is small, can also directly adopt a mode of automatically expanding cutters, so as to avoid personnel entering a warehouse.

The variable diameter shield machine 100 can adopt a soil pressure/muddy water mode when deslagging, and the large shield can preferably select the muddy water mode and also can select the soil pressure mode;

when the diameter of the shield body 10 is changed, the supporting plate is not required to fully fill the circular space, and when the diameter expansion range is large, people can choose to install the uncovered area space in an entering mode and reinforce the uncovered area space.

In addition, when in a stratum with poor stability, the method of freezing reinforcement and steel arch support is not necessarily adopted, and other reinforcement modes such as advanced grouting reinforcement/spray anchor and the like can be adopted; when the stratum is good, the stratum can be optionally not reinforced, and steel arch supports are not adopted.

The construction method of the variable-diameter shield machine is not only applicable to the shield machine, but also applicable to a TBM. That is, the variable diameter shield machine 100 is applicable not only to shield machine diameter variation but also to TBM diameter variation. The adoption of the technical scheme which is the same as or similar to the conception of the invention to realize the diameter variation in the hole is within the protection scope of the invention.

While the invention has been described with respect to the above embodiments, it should be noted that modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept, and these are all within the scope of the invention.

Claims (11)

1. The variable-diameter shield machine is characterized by comprising a shield body, a main drive, a variable-diameter cutter disc, a propelling device and a segment assembling system;

the shield body comprises a variable-diameter front shield and a tail shield, and the tail shield is connected to the tail end of the variable-diameter front shield;

the main drive is arranged in the variable-diameter front shield so as to drive the variable-diameter cutterhead to rotate;

the variable-diameter cutter head is arranged on the main drive and is positioned at the front end of the variable-diameter front shield, and the main drive drives the variable-diameter cutter head to move relative to the shield body along the axial direction;

The propelling device is arranged in the variable-diameter front shield so as to push the variable-diameter front shield to move;

the duct piece assembling system is arranged in the variable-diameter front shield to assemble duct pieces;

the variable-diameter cutterhead comprises a cutterhead body, an expanding and digging device and an expanding assembly;

the cutter head body is connected with the main drive;

the expanding and digging cutter device is arranged in the cutter head body and can extend out of the cutter head body along the radial direction so as to excavate soil layers to form an expanding and digging space under the drive of the cutter head body;

the diameter expanding assembly is arranged on the cutter head body when the diameter of the variable-diameter shield tunneling machine is expanded, so that the excavation diameter of the variable-diameter cutter head is expanded.

2. The variable-diameter shield machine according to claim 1, wherein a telescopic supporting shoe is arranged at the bottom of the variable-diameter front shield, the telescopic supporting shoe comprises a supporting shoe oil cylinder and a supporting shoe plate, the supporting shoe plate is arranged at the output end of the supporting shoe oil cylinder, and the supporting shoe oil cylinder is used for driving the supporting shoe plate to extend when the variable-diameter shield machine expands the diameter;

the adjustable diameter shield machine comprises a variable diameter shield machine body, and is characterized in that a telescopic support plate is arranged on the periphery of the variable diameter shield machine body, the telescopic support plate comprises a support plate oil cylinder and a support plate, the support plate is arranged at the output end of the support plate oil cylinder, and the support plate oil cylinder is used for driving the support plate to extend out when the variable diameter shield machine expands the diameter.

3. The variable diameter shield machine of claim 1, wherein a slag blocking ring is mounted at the front end of the variable diameter front shield.

4. The variable diameter shield machine of claim 1 further comprising a force transfer ring device;

the force transmission ring device is arranged on the propulsion device to transmit thrust when the diameter of the variable-diameter shield machine is expanded.

5. The variable diameter shield machine according to claim 4, wherein a wedge block segment assembling cylinder is arranged in the force transmission ring device to assist in installing segments;

and a buffer cushion is also arranged at the tail part of the force transmission ring device.

6. The variable diameter shield machine of claim 1 further comprising a support assembly device;

the support assembly device is arranged on the variable-diameter cutter head and can move and rotate along with the variable-diameter cutter head so as to install support in the expanding and digging space formed by the excavation of the expanding and digging cutter device.

7. The construction method of the variable-diameter shield machine is characterized by being applicable to a construction method of a shield method or a TBM method, and comprises the following steps of:

tunneling using a variable diameter shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6;

Preparing for expanding: the main drive extends out along the axial direction to drive the cutter head body to perform axial expansion digging;

cutter head expanding: the main drive axially retracts, the expanding and digging cutter device radially extends out of the cutter head body, the main drive continuously drives the cutter head body to rotate, and simultaneously the main drive continuously axially extends out to drive the expanding and digging cutter device to expand and dig the peripheral soil layer so as to form an expanding and digging space;

cutter head expanding: the main drive retracts along the axial direction, rotates the cutter head body, rotates spokes on the cutter head body to the bottommost part, ejects the spokes, installs the diameter expanding assembly between the cutter head body and the spokes, and repeats the steps until all the diameter expanding assemblies are installed;

expanding the diameter of the shield body: the variable-diameter shield tunneling machine continues tunneling, the variable-diameter front shield enters the expanding and excavating space, and the variable-diameter front shield is expanded;

tail shield replacement and force transmission ring installation: and removing the tail shield from the variable-diameter front shield, installing a large shield tail shield on the variable-diameter front shield, and installing a force transmission ring device at the propulsion device to continue tunneling.

8. The construction method of the variable diameter shield machine according to claim 7, further comprising, between the cutter head diameter expansion and the shield body diameter expansion:

And (3) support installation: mounting a support on a soil layer wall body in the expanding and digging space;

and (3) installing a slag blocking ring: and a slag blocking ring is arranged at the front end of the variable-diameter front shield.

9. The construction method of the variable diameter shield machine according to claim 8, further comprising, before the support is installed:

soil layer reinforcement: and carrying out freezing reinforcement or grouting reinforcement on the soil layer wall body in the expanding and digging space.

10. The construction method of the variable diameter shield machine according to claim 7, wherein in the diameter expansion of the shield body, the diameter expansion of the variable diameter front shield is completed by a telescopic supporting shoe and a telescopic supporting plate which are arranged in the variable diameter front shield.

11. The construction method of the variable diameter shield machine according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein after the tail shield is replaced and the force transmission ring is installed, the construction method further comprises:

reducing preparation: the main drive extends out along the axial direction to drive the cutter head body to perform axial expansion digging;

reducing the cutter head: the main drive retracts along the axial direction, rotates the cutter head body, rotates spokes on the cutter head body to the top, removes the diameter expanding assembly installed at the position, retracts the spokes, and repeats the steps until all the diameter expanding assemblies are removed and all the spokes are retracted;

Tail shield replacement and force transmission ring removal: removing the large shield tail shield from the variable-diameter front shield, installing the tail shield on the variable-diameter front shield, removing the force transmission ring device, and continuing tunneling;

the shield body is reduced in diameter: reducing the diameter of the variable-diameter front shield, filling slag soil at the periphery of the variable-diameter front shield, and continuing tunneling.

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