CN113266358B - Mechanical rock breaking drilling process of broken stratum shaft heading machine - Google Patents
Mechanical rock breaking drilling process of broken stratum shaft heading machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN113266358B CN113266358B CN202110623544.3A CN202110623544A CN113266358B CN 113266358 B CN113266358 B CN 113266358B CN 202110623544 A CN202110623544 A CN 202110623544A CN 113266358 B CN113266358 B CN 113266358B
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001141 propulsive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D1/00—Sinking shafts
- E21D1/03—Sinking shafts mechanically, e.g. by loading shovels or loading buckets, scraping devices, conveying screws
- E21D1/06—Sinking shafts mechanically, e.g. by loading shovels or loading buckets, scraping devices, conveying screws with shaft-boring cutters
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D7/00—Shaft equipment, e.g. timbering within the shaft
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a mechanical rock breaking drilling process of a broken stratum shaft heading machine, which comprises the following steps of: step A: preparation: connecting a reverse well drill rod with a vertical shaft heading machine; and (B) step (B): beginning drilling: the telescopic oil cylinder pushes the gear reduction box to move downwards, so that the drill bit moves downwards, and the quarter shield moves downwards synchronously along with the slip ring on the gear reduction box to temporarily support the well wall; step C: circulation drilling: b, the reverse well drill rod is matched with the shoe plate, and the step B is circulated; step D: the staff supports the well side on the hanging scaffold; step E: and (3) drilling: B-D, the drilling can be completed through circulation; according to the invention, the vertical stress of the shoe plate is eliminated by using the anti-well drill rod to lift the vertical shaft heading machine, so that the shoe plate only bears the reactive torque of the rotary drive of the drill bit, the supporting force of the shoe plate on the broken well wall is reduced to the minimum, and the reactive torque can be provided in broken stratum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of well sinking technology. In particular to a mechanical rock breaking drilling process of a vertical shaft heading machine for broken strata.
Background
In the prior art, the existing rock stratum mine construction engineering mostly adopts the common method well drilling construction, a large number of workers are required to fall to a small excavation working face with the depth of hundreds of meters, a drilling machine tool is used for drilling a blasting hole, loading explosive, blasting the working face, lifting the blasted and broken rock to the ground through a bucket, draining the working face, supporting and the like. The mechanical level is low, the labor force input is more, the working environment is hard, the safety condition is poor, the accident occurs, the blasting has large disturbance to surrounding rock, the stress change of the original rock is large, and the support is difficult. The working procedures of rock loading, water draining and the like account for one third to two thirds of the total construction time, and the construction speed is slow by 30-40 m/month. In the actual construction process, about 20% of the mine shaft projects have underground roadways, so that the underground slag-discharging type vertical shaft heading machine can be adopted for construction. The construction process has the advantages of low labor intensity, good well forming quality, high speed, high work efficiency, reliable guarantee of personal safety and the like.
However, when the existing shaft heading machine works, the heading machine needs to be supported on the inner wall of a shaft through a supporting mechanism, and the supporting mechanism needs to apply pressure to the inner wall of the shaft, so that the heading machine obtains radial supporting force of the shaft. When the development machine drills a shaft, tangential load formed by working reaction torque of the development machine is also required to be borne by a supporting mechanism, and the supporting mechanism can cause great pressure on the inner wall of the shaft and easily damage the inner wall of the shaft; and when the vertical shaft heading machine rectifies, the joint of the lifting device and the vertical shaft heading machine is easy to bend or even twist off, potential safety hazards exist, and a better drilling process of the vertical shaft heading machine does not exist in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the broken stratum shaft heading machine with high safety coefficient.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the vertical shaft heading machine for broken strata comprises a drill bit, a machine body and shoe plates, wherein the machine body comprises an upper ring beam, a lower ring beam, upright post guide rails, a telescopic cylinder and a gear reduction box, the upper ring beam and the lower ring beam are fixedly connected through the upright post guide rails, a cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder is fixedly arranged on the upper ring beam, the free end of a piston rod of the telescopic cylinder is fixedly connected with the gear reduction box, a slip ring is fixedly arranged around the gear reduction box, the gear reduction box is arranged on the upright post guide rails through the slip ring, the gear reduction box is in driving connection with the drill bit through an output main shaft, the shoe plates are respectively arranged on the upper ring beam and the lower ring beam, one quarter of the shields are arranged on the slip ring and are longitudinally positioned between the two shoe plates on the lower ring beam, and the lifting beam is arranged on the upper ring beam, and comprises the following steps:
step A: preparation: the well reversing drilling machine is arranged on a well head cross bearing beam, so that a well reversing drilling rod of the well reversing drilling machine passes through the hanging scaffold from top to bottom and is fixedly connected with a lifting beam at the top end of the vertical shaft heading machine;
and (B) step (B): beginning drilling: after the well reversing drill rod is connected, the shaft heading machine starts to work, the motor is decelerated through the gear reduction box to achieve the rotating speed and torque required by the drill bit, the telescopic oil cylinder pushes the gear reduction box to move downwards, and further, the propelling force is transmitted to the output main shaft, so that the drill bit moves downwards, in the drilling process of the drill bit, eight shoe plates are supported on a well wall to bear the reactive torque generated by the drilling of the drill bit, and when the drill bit drills downwards, a quarter shield moves downwards along with the slip ring on the gear reduction box synchronously, temporary support is carried out on the well wall, and broken rock fragments drop to a downhole roadway along a guide well;
step C: circulation drilling: after the telescopic oil cylinder reaches the maximum stroke, the drill bit of the vertical shaft heading machine stops working, the telescopic oil cylinder retracts to drive the drill bit to retract, then the eight shoe plates of the vertical shaft heading machine retract, the vertical shaft heading machine can be in a vertical state due to lifting and hanging of the vertical shaft heading machine by the anti-well drill rod, the anti-well drilling machine enables the vertical shaft heading machine to move downwards, when the drill bit of the vertical shaft heading machine is about to be close to the ground, the anti-well drilling machine stops running, the eight shoe plates prop against a well wall, the drill bit starts working, and a quarter of shield moves downwards along with the drill bit synchronously, so that the well wall is temporarily supported;
step D: supporting the well side: the stable twisting lifting system lifts the hanging scaffold, so that the hanging scaffold moves downwards, and workers on the hanging scaffold strengthen and support the well wall;
step E: and (3) drilling: and (3) circulating the step B, the step C and the step D to finish drilling.
The quarter shield in the step A comprises a shield body, a flank framework, a connecting flange and a welding cushion block; the shield body comprises a frame structure and a shield surface, and the frame structure is arranged on the inner surface of the shield surface; the connecting flange and the welding cushion blocks are welded at the top ends of the flank frameworks, the welding cushion blocks are positioned on one side, facing the vertical shaft heading machine, of the connecting flange and fixedly connected with the connecting flange, the connecting flange bolts are installed on slip rings around the gear reduction box, and the welding cushion blocks are welded on the slip rings around the gear reduction box; the quarter shield can stably and synchronously move up and down along with the vertical shaft heading machine.
The mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the broken stratum shaft heading machine comprises a four-part shield, a shield face angle group, a cross framework and a machine body connecting guide rail; the shield face angle groups are uniformly welded on the outer surface of the shield body: the length direction of the shield face angle group extends along the longitudinal direction of the shield body, the shield face angle groups are distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the shield body, the shield face angle groups are arranged on the outer surface of the shield body and can be embedded into the well wall of a broken stratum, so that the temporary supporting capacity of the broken stratum is improved, the supporting effect is enhanced, the local extrusion effect of the shield face angle groups on the well wall of the broken stratum is utilized, and the effect of reinforcing the well wall of the broken stratum can be achieved; meanwhile, the shield face angle groups longitudinally arranged also play a role in guiding the advancing of the shield while drilling; the cross framework is embedded and welded in the frame structure, and the side wing framework is welded on the frame structure; the machine body connecting guide rail is longitudinally welded on the cross framework, and the machine body connecting guide rail is in sliding or rolling fit with a guide rail cushion block of the vertical shaft heading machine.
The mechanical rock breaking and drilling process of the broken stratum shaft heading machine comprises the steps that the frame structure is composed of two longitudinal connecting rods and two transverse arc-shaped connecting rods, the two longitudinal connecting rods are respectively arranged along the two longitudinal edges of the shield surface, and the two transverse arc-shaped connecting rods are respectively arranged along the two transverse arc-shaped edges of the shield surface; the cross skeleton comprises a longitudinal skeleton rod and a transverse arc skeleton rod, two ends of the longitudinal skeleton rod are fixedly connected with two transverse arc connecting rods respectively, the transverse arc skeleton rod is fixedly connected with two longitudinal connecting rods respectively, and the cross connection position of the longitudinal skeleton rod and the transverse arc skeleton rod is located at the center of the shield face.
Above-mentioned broken stratum shaft entry driving machine mechanical rock breaking and drilling technology, every flank skeleton all includes three horizontal flank skeleton pole and a vertical flank skeleton pole, every vertical connecting rod is followed length direction equidistant installs three horizontal flank skeleton pole, vertical flank skeleton pole fixed mounting is three horizontal flank skeleton pole is kept away from on the one end of vertical connecting rod, flange with the welding cushion all welds on vertical flank skeleton pole top.
In the mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the broken stratum shaft heading machine, the lifting beam in the step B comprises a connecting plate, a first bolt, a gasket and a cross beam; the number of the connecting plates is two, the two connecting plates are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the lower surface of the beam through the first bolts, more than two first bolts are arranged on each connecting plate, the number of the washers is equal to that of the first bolts, the washers are sleeved on the first bolts respectively, and the washers are located between the upper surface of the beam and nuts of the first bolts.
According to the mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the broken stratum shaft heading machine, the lifting beam further comprises a ball bowl, a second bolt, a ball head and a connecting drill rod; the center of the cross beam is provided with a through hole in a penetrating way, the position, close to the bottom end, of the through hole is provided with a hemispherical groove, the spherical bowl is arranged at the center of the lower surface of the cross beam through the second bolts, and the number of the second bolts is more than two; the ball head is arranged in the hemispherical groove, the part of the ball head in the hemispherical groove is tightly attached to the inner surface of the hemispherical groove, the ball head is parallel to the cross beam, the diameter of the ball head is higher than the lower surface of the ball bowl, one end of the connecting drill rod is clamped on the ball head, the other end of the connecting drill rod penetrates through a perforation in the center of the cross beam to extend out of the upper part of the cross beam, and the diameter of the perforation is larger than that of the connecting drill rod.
According to the mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the broken stratum shaft heading machine, the cross beam comprises a cross beam main body and an annular mounting piece with a hemispherical groove, the upper end of the annular mounting piece is positioned in the through hole, the lower end of the annular mounting piece circumferentially extends outwards to form a fixed mounting ring, and the diameter of the fixed mounting ring is larger than that of the through hole; the second bolt sequentially passes through the beam main body, the annular mounting piece and the ball bowl from top to bottom.
According to the mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the broken stratum shaft heading machine, the ball heads are composed of two semi-ball heads, the circumferential surface of the lower end of the connecting drill rod is provided with the annular clamping groove, the inner side of each semi-ball head is formed with the semi-clamping ring, and the semi-clamping ring is located in the annular clamping groove.
The mechanical rock breaking and drilling process of the broken stratum shaft heading machine comprises the hanging scaffold, a supporting platform, a power platform and a control platform; the top and steady hank hoisting system fixed connection of hanging scaffold, the hanging scaffold is located the top of shaft development machine, and the hanging scaffold by steady hank hoisting system carries the hanging scaffold, the hanging scaffold is the three-layer, the three-layer the hanging scaffold is supporting platform, power platform and control platform from bottom to top in proper order.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the invention, the vertical stress of the shoe plate is eliminated by using the anti-well drill rod to lift the vertical shaft heading machine, so that the shoe plate only bears the reactive torque of the rotary drive of the drill bit, the supporting force of the shoe plate on the broken well wall is minimized, the reactive torque can be ensured to be provided on broken stratum, the vertical shaft heading machine is lifted by using the anti-well drill rod, the large lifting capacity of the anti-well drill system can be fully utilized, and the large lifting force can drag the vertical shaft heading machine away from a collapse area when the broken stratum collapses and squeezes the drill bit.
According to the invention, the shield can effectively support surrounding rock of a broken rock area in a temporary manner along with the descending of the gear reduction box, so that the functions of supporting while drilling and effectively protecting the body of the vertical shaft heading machine are achieved, the shield face angle group is arranged on the outer surface of the shield body and can be embedded into the well wall of a broken stratum, thus the temporary supporting capacity of the broken stratum is improved, the supporting effect is enhanced, and the effect of locally extruding the well wall of the broken stratum by the shield face angle group is utilized, so that the well wall of the broken stratum can be reinforced; meanwhile, the shield face angle groups longitudinally arranged also play a role in guiding the advancing of the shield while drilling.
According to the invention, the ball joint short drill rod is arranged at the center of the lifting beam, so that the vertical shaft heading machine can have a certain angle with the vertical direction and cannot break off the reverse well drill rod when correcting the deviation, the ball joint short drill rod can rotate in the spherical hinge, the ball joint short drill rod is prevented from being detached when the shoe plate of the vertical shaft heading machine slides circumferentially, wherein one horizontal diameter of the ball is arranged at a position higher than the lower surface of the ball bowl, the ball bowl can clamp the ball head, and the ball head is prevented from falling.
According to the invention, the connecting drill rod is clamped in the two semi-spherical heads, so that the manufacturing difficulty of the spherical heads and the connecting drill rod can be reduced, and the connecting drill rod and the spherical heads can be conveniently replaced.
According to the invention, the vertical shaft heading machine and the hanging scaffold are lifted separately, and the hanging scaffold is arranged above the vertical shaft heading machine and is in underground accident, so that the hanging scaffold can be lifted in an emergency manner and is separated from the working surface of the vertical shaft heading machine rapidly, and the safety of workers is ensured. In the process of breaking stratum tunneling, the shield can play a temporary supporting role on the stratum around the stratum, and if the vertical shaft tunneling machine breaks down in case of accidents in the tunneling process, operators can be separated from the dangerous lower working space of the vertical shaft tunneling machine at the highest speed because of being above the vertical shaft tunneling. The tunneling and supporting process is optimized, the supporting steps can be accelerated in the tunneling of the broken stratum without synchronizing with drilling, the hanging scaffold adopts three layers of arrangement, the hanging scaffold at the upper layer is a control platform, the middle is a power platform, the lower layer is a supporting platform, in a coal mine with negative pressure ventilation, air runs from top to bottom, and a shaft heading machine operator is at the uppermost layer, so that the air quality is best; the supporting platform can be arranged on the lower layer, so that the ground layer can be firstly supported.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the drilling process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the hanging scaffold of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a shaft boring machine according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the rear structure of the quarter shield of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of a quarter shield according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of a lifting beam of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic top view of the lifting beam of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the drawings are as follows: 100-shaft heading machine; 200-quarter shields; 300-lifting beam; 400-reversing the well drill pipe; 500-primary well guiding; 600-second-stage guide well; 700-hanging scaffold; 800-underworkings; 900-stable twisting lifting system: 101-a drill bit; 102-a machine body; 103-shoe plate; 1021-upper ring beam; 1022-lower ring beam; 1023-upright guide rails; 1024-telescopic cylinder; 1025-a gear reduction box; 201-shield body; 202-shield angle group; 203-flanking frameworks; 204-a cross framework; 205-a machine body connecting guide rail; 206-connecting flanges; 207-welding a cushion block; 301-connecting plates; 302-a first bolt; 303-washers; 304-a cross beam; 305-bowl; 306-a second bolt; 307-bulb; 308-connecting a drill pipe; 3041-an annular mount; 3042-a stationary mounting ring; 701-supporting a platform; 702-a power platform; 703-a control platform.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The utility model provides a broken stratum shaft development machine mechanical rock breaking drilling technology, shaft development machine 100 includes drill bit 101, organism 102 and shoe 103, organism 102 includes collar tie beam 1021, lower collar tie beam 1022, stand rail 1023, telescopic cylinder 1024 and gear reduction box 1025, collar tie beam 1021 and lower collar tie beam 1022 pass through stand rail 1023 fixed connection, telescopic cylinder 1024's cylinder body fixed mounting is on collar tie beam 1021, telescopic cylinder 1024's piston rod free end and gear reduction box 1025 fixed connection, gear reduction box 1025's fixed mounting sliding ring all around, gear reduction box 1025 passes through the sliding ring and installs on stand rail 1023, gear reduction box 1025 passes through output spindle and drill bit 101 drive connection, install shoe 103 on collar tie beam 1021 and the lower collar tie beam respectively, quarter shield 200 installs on the sliding ring and is located between two shoes 103 on the lower collar tie beam in the longitudinal direction, lifting beam 300 installs on collar tie beam 1021, including the following steps:
step A: preparation: the inverted well drilling machine is arranged on a wellhead cross bearing beam, so that an inverted well drilling rod 400 of the inverted well drilling machine passes through a hanging scaffold 700 from top to bottom and is fixedly connected with a lifting beam 300 at the top end of a vertical shaft heading machine 100; the hanging scaffold 700 is lifted by the stable twisting lifting system 900 of the derrick, and hydraulic rubber pipes and cables between the underground shaft heading machine 100 and the hanging scaffold 700 are in flexible connection, so that the shaft heading machine 100 and the hanging scaffold 700 can not keep synchronous movement; that is to say: the tunneling of the shaft heading machine 100, the supporting operation of a constructor on a shaft formed by the tunneling on the hanging scaffold 700 and the monitoring and controlling of the shaft heading machine 100 can be respectively carried out, if danger occurs in the tunneling process, the hanging scaffold 700 can be lifted to a well-supported position of the shaft heading machine 100 independently, and the personal safety of the constructor is ensured;
and (B) step (B): beginning drilling: after the counter shaft drill rod 400 is connected, the shaft heading machine 100 starts to work, a motor is decelerated through a gear reduction box 1025 to achieve the rotating speed and torque required by the drill bit 101, a telescopic oil cylinder 1024 pushes the gear reduction box 1025 to move downwards, and further, the propelling force is transmitted to an output main shaft to enable the drill bit 101 to move downwards, eight shoe plates 103 are supported on a well wall in the downward drilling process of the drill bit 101 to bear the counter torque generated by drilling of the drill bit 101, and while the drill bit 101 drills downwards, a quarter shield 200 moves downwards along with a slip ring on the gear reduction box 1025 synchronously, temporary support is carried out on the well side, and broken rock fragments fall down to a downhole roadway 800 along a primary guide well 500;
step C: circulation drilling: after the telescopic oil cylinder 1024 reaches the maximum stroke, the drill bit 101 of the vertical shaft heading machine 100 stops working, the telescopic oil cylinder 1024 retracts to drive the drill bit 101 to retract, then the eight shoe plates 103 of the vertical shaft heading machine 100 retract, the vertical shaft heading machine 100 can be in a vertical state due to the lifting of the vertical shaft heading machine 100 by the anti-well drilling rod 400, the anti-well drilling machine stops running when the drill bit of the vertical shaft heading machine 100 is about to be close to the ground, the eight shoe plates 103 support the well wall, the drill bit 101 starts working, the quarter shield 200 moves downwards along with the drill bit 101 synchronously, and temporary support is carried out on the well wall;
step D: supporting the well side: the stable twisting lifting system 900 lifts the hanging scaffold 700, so that the hanging scaffold 700 moves downwards, and workers on the hanging scaffold 700 perform reinforcement and support on the well wall;
step E: and (3) drilling: and (3) circulating the step B, the step C and the step D to finish drilling.
As shown in fig. 4-5, the quarter shield 200 in step a includes a shield body 201, a wing backbone 203, a connecting flange 206, and a welding pad 207; the shield body 201 comprises a frame structure and a shield face, and the frame structure is arranged on the inner surface of the shield face; the connecting flange 206 and the welding cushion block 207 are welded at the top end of the flank framework 203, the welding cushion block 207 is positioned at one side of the connecting flange 206 facing the shaft heading machine and fixedly connected with the connecting flange 206, the connecting flange 206 is mounted on the slip rings around the gear reduction box 1025 through bolts, and the welding cushion block 207 is welded on the slip rings around the gear reduction box 1025; the quarter shield 200 can stably and synchronously move up and down along with the shaft development machine 100, and the quarter shield 200 also comprises a shield face angle group 202, a cross framework 204 and a machine body connecting guide rail 205; the shield face angle group 202 is uniformly welded on the outer surface of the shield body 201: the length direction of the shield face angle group 202 extends along the longitudinal direction of the shield body 201, the shield face angle groups 202 are distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the shield body 201, the shield face angle groups 202 are arranged on the outer surface of the shield body 201, and the shield face angle groups 202 can be embedded into the well wall of a broken stratum, so that the temporary supporting capacity of the broken stratum is improved, the supporting effect is enhanced, and the local extrusion effect of the shield face angle groups 202 on the well wall of the broken stratum is utilized, so that the effect of reinforcing the well wall of the broken stratum can be achieved; meanwhile, the shield face angle groups 202 longitudinally arranged also play a role in guiding the advance of the shield while drilling; the cross framework 204 is welded in the frame structure in an embedded manner, and the flank framework 203 is welded on the frame structure; the machine body connecting guide rail 205 is welded on the cross framework 204 along the longitudinal direction, the machine body connecting guide rail 205 is matched with a guide rail cushion block of the vertical shaft heading machine 100 in a sliding or rolling way, the frame structure consists of two longitudinal connecting rods and two transverse arc-shaped connecting rods, the two longitudinal connecting rods are respectively arranged along two longitudinal edges of a shield surface, and the two transverse arc-shaped connecting rods are respectively arranged along two transverse arc-shaped edges of the shield surface; the cross skeleton 204 comprises a longitudinal skeleton bar and a transverse arc skeleton bar, two ends of the longitudinal skeleton bar are fixedly connected with two transverse arc connecting bars respectively, the transverse arc skeleton bar is fixedly connected with two longitudinal connecting bars respectively, the cross connection position of the longitudinal skeleton bar and the transverse arc skeleton bar is positioned at the center of a shield face, each side wing skeleton 203 comprises three transverse side wing skeleton bars and one longitudinal side wing skeleton bar, each longitudinal connecting bar is provided with three transverse side wing skeleton bars at equal intervals along the length direction, the longitudinal side wing skeleton bars are fixedly arranged at one ends of the three transverse side wing skeleton bars far away from the longitudinal connecting bars, and the connecting flange 206 and the welding cushion block 207 are welded at the top ends of the longitudinal side wing skeleton bars.
As shown in fig. 6 to 7, the lifting beam 300 in step B includes a connection plate 301, a first bolt 302, a washer 303, and a cross member 304; the number of the connecting plates 301 is two, the two connecting plates 301 are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the lower surface of the cross beam 304 through the first bolts 302, more than two first bolts 302 are arranged on each connecting plate 301, the number of the gaskets 303 is equal to that of the first bolts 302, the gaskets 303 are respectively sleeved on the first bolts 302, and the gaskets 303 are positioned between the upper surface of the cross beam 304 and the nuts of the first bolts 302; the lifting beam 300 further comprises a ball bowl 305, a second bolt 306, a ball 307 and a connecting drill rod 308; the center of the cross beam 304 is provided with a through hole in a penetrating way, a hemispherical groove is formed in the position, close to the bottom end, of the through hole, a spherical bowl 305 is arranged at the center of the lower surface of the cross beam 304 through second bolts 306, and the number of the second bolts 306 is more than two; the ball head 307 is arranged in the hemispherical groove, the part of the ball head 307 in the hemispherical groove is tightly attached to the inner surface of the hemispherical groove, the ball head 307 is parallel to the lower surface of the cross beam 304, the diameter of one ball bowl 305 is higher than that of the other ball head 307, one end of the connecting drill rod 308 is clamped on the ball head 307, the other end of the connecting drill rod 308 passes through a through hole in the center of the cross beam 304 to extend out of the upper part of the cross beam 304, and the diameter of the through hole is larger than that of the connecting drill rod 308; the beam 304 comprises a beam main body and an annular mounting piece 3041 with a hemispherical groove, wherein the upper end of the annular mounting piece is positioned in the through hole, the lower end of the annular mounting piece extends out of a fixed mounting ring 3042 along the circumferential direction, and the diameter of the fixed mounting ring 3042 is larger than that of the through hole; the second bolt 306 sequentially passes through the beam main body, the annular mounting piece 3041 and the ball bowl 305 from top to bottom, the ball head 307 is composed of two half ball heads, the circumferential surface of the lower end of the connecting drill rod 308 is provided with an annular clamping groove, and the inner side of each half ball head is formed with a half clamping ring which is positioned in the annular clamping groove.
As shown in fig. 2, the hanging scaffold 700 comprises a supporting platform 701, a power platform 702 and a control platform 703; the top of the hanging scaffold 700 is fixedly connected with the stable twisting lifting system 900, the hanging scaffold 700 is positioned above the vertical shaft heading machine 100, the hanging scaffold 700 is lifted by the stable twisting lifting system 900, the hanging scaffold 700 is three layers, and the three layers of hanging scaffold 700 sequentially comprise a supporting platform 701, a power platform 702 and a control platform 703 from bottom to top.
Working principle: by using the anti-well drilling rod 400 to lift the vertical shaft boring machine 100, the vertical stress of the shoe plate 103 is eliminated, the shoe plate 103 only bears the reactive torque of the rotary driving of the drill bit 101, so that the supporting force of the shoe plate 103 on the broken well wall is reduced to the minimum, the reactive torque can be provided on the broken stratum, the vertical shaft boring machine 100 is lifted by the anti-well drilling rod 400 by adopting the anti-well drilling machine, the large lifting capacity of the anti-well drilling machine system can be fully utilized, when the broken stratum collapses and squeezes the drill bit 101, the large lifting force can drag the vertical shaft boring machine 100 away from the collapse area, the shield follows the gear reduction box 1025 to descend to effectively carry out temporary support on surrounding rocks of the broken rock area, thereby playing the roles of supporting while drilling and effectively protecting the machine body 102 of the vertical shaft boring machine 100, the vertical shaft boring machine 100 can be enabled to form a certain angle with the vertical direction and cannot break off the well reversing drill rod 400 when correcting deviation, the ball head 307 and the connecting drill rod 308 can rotate in the hemispherical groove, the ball head 307 cannot be connected with the connecting drill rod 308 to be disconnected when the shoe plate 103 of the vertical shaft boring machine 100 slides circumferentially, one horizontal diameter of the ball head 307 is arranged at a position higher than the lower surface of the ball bowl 305, the ball bowl 305 can be enabled to clamp the ball head 307, the ball head 307 is prevented from falling, the connecting drill rod 308 is clamped in the two semi-ball heads, the manufacturing difficulty of the ball head 307 and the connecting drill rod 308 can be reduced, the connecting drill rod 308 and the ball head 307 are convenient to replace, the vertical shaft boring machine 100 and the hanging scaffold 700 are lifted separately, and the hanging scaffold 700 is arranged above the vertical shaft boring machine 100 and is in an accident underground, the hanging scaffold 700 can be lifted in an emergency way, the working face of the vertical shaft boring machine 100 is guaranteed, and the safety of workers is guaranteed. During the process of breaking the stratum, the shield can play a temporary supporting role on the stratum at the periphery, and if the vertical shaft heading machine 100 breaks down in the tunneling process in case of accidents, the operator can be separated from the dangerous lower working space of the vertical shaft heading machine 100 at the highest speed because the operator is above the vertical shaft heading machine 100. The tunneling and supporting process is optimized, the supporting steps can be accelerated in the tunneling of the broken stratum without synchronizing with drilling, the hanging scaffold 700 is arranged in three layers, the hanging scaffold at the upper layer is a control platform 703, the middle is a power platform 702, the lower layer is a supporting platform 701, in a coal mine with negative pressure ventilation, air runs from top to bottom, and the operator of the vertical shaft tunneling machine 100 is at the uppermost layer, so that the air quality is the best; the support platform 701 can be positioned at the lower level to ensure that the support is performed first in the fractured formation.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While the obvious variations or modifications which are extended therefrom remain within the scope of the claims of this patent application.
Claims (6)
1. Broken stratum shaft development machine mechanical rock breaking drilling technology, its characterized in that, shaft development machine (100) include drill bit (101), organism (102) and shoe (103), organism (102) are including last circle roof beam (1021), lower circle roof beam (1022), stand guide (1023), flexible hydro-cylinder (1024) and gear reduction box (1025), go up circle roof beam (1021) and lower circle roof beam (1022) through stand guide (1023) fixed connection, the cylinder body fixed mounting of flexible hydro-cylinder (1024) is on last circle roof beam (1021), the piston rod free end and the gear reduction box (1025) fixed connection of flexible hydro-cylinder (1024), the fixed mounting sliding ring all around of gear reduction box (1025), gear reduction box (1025) are installed on stand guide (1023) through the sliding ring, gear reduction box (1025) are connected through output main shaft and drill bit (101) drive, install shoe (103) on last circle roof beam (1021) and the lower circle roof beam respectively, quarter shield (200) are installed on the sliding ring and are located between two shoe (103) on the lower circle roof beam in the longitudinal direction, install step (1021) including on hanging roof beam (1021) down:
step A: preparation: the inverted well drilling machine is arranged on a wellhead cross bearing beam, so that an inverted well drilling rod (400) of the inverted well drilling machine penetrates through a hanging scaffold (700) from top to bottom and is fixedly connected with a lifting beam (300) at the top end of a vertical shaft heading machine (100);
and (B) step (B): beginning drilling: after the anti-well drill rod (400) is connected, the vertical shaft heading machine (100) starts to work, a motor is decelerated through a gear reduction box (1025) so as to achieve the rotation speed and torque required by the drill bit (101), a telescopic oil cylinder (1024) pushes the gear reduction box (1025) to move downwards, and further propulsive force is transmitted to an output main shaft so that the drill bit (101) moves downwards, eight shoe plates (103) are supported on a well wall in the downward drilling process of the drill bit (101) and bear the anti-torque generated by drilling of the drill bit (101), and when the drill bit (101) drills downwards, a quarter shield (200) moves downwards synchronously along with a slip ring on the gear reduction box (1025) to temporarily support a well side, and broken rock fragments fall down to a downhole roadway (800) along a primary guide well (500);
step C: circulation drilling: after the telescopic oil cylinder (1024) reaches the maximum stroke, the drill bit (101) of the vertical shaft heading machine (100) stops working, the telescopic oil cylinder (1024) retracts to drive the drill bit (101) to retract, then the eight shoe plates (103) of the vertical shaft heading machine (100) retract, the vertical shaft heading machine (100) can be in a vertical state due to lifting of the reverse well drill rod (400) to the vertical shaft heading machine (100), the reverse well drill machine enables the vertical shaft heading machine (100) to move downwards through the reverse well drill rod (400), when the drill bit of the vertical shaft heading machine (100) is about to be close to the ground, the reverse well drill machine stops running, the eight shoe plates (103) prop against the well wall, the drill bit (101) starts working, and one quarter of the shields (200) synchronously move downwards along with the drill bit (101) to temporarily support the well wall;
step D: supporting the well side: the stable twisting lifting system (900) lifts the hanging scaffold (700) to enable the hanging scaffold (700) to move downwards, and workers on the hanging scaffold (700) perform reinforcement and support on the well wall;
step E: and (3) drilling: and (3) circulating the step B, the step C and the step D to finish drilling;
the quarter shield (200) comprises a shield body (201), a flank framework (203), a connecting flange (206) and a welding cushion block (207); the shield body (201) comprises a frame structure and a shield face, and the frame structure is arranged on the inner surface of the shield face;
the connecting flange (206) and the welding cushion blocks (207) are welded at the top ends of the flank frameworks (203), the welding cushion blocks (207) are positioned on one side, facing the shaft heading machine, of the connecting flange (206) and fixedly connected with the connecting flange (206), the connecting flange (206) is mounted on the slip rings around the gear reduction box (1025) through bolts, and the welding cushion blocks (207) are welded on the slip rings around the gear reduction box (1025);
the quarter shield (200) can stably and synchronously move up and down along with the vertical shaft heading machine (100);
the quarter shield (200) further comprises a shield face angle group (202), a cross framework (204) and a machine body connecting guide rail (205);
the shield face angle group (202) is uniformly welded on the outer surface of the shield body (201), and is arranged on the outer surface of the shield body (201): the length direction of the shield face angle group (202) extends along the longitudinal direction of the shield body (201), and the shield face angle groups (202) are distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the shield body (201);
the cross framework (204) is embedded and welded in the frame structure, and the side wing frameworks (203) are welded on the frame structure;
the machine body connecting guide rail (205) is longitudinally welded on the cross framework (204), and the machine body connecting guide rail (205) is in sliding or rolling fit with a guide rail cushion block of the vertical shaft heading machine (100);
the lifting beam (300) comprises a connecting plate (301), a first bolt (302), a gasket (303) and a cross beam (304);
the number of the connecting plates (301) is two, the two connecting plates (301) are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the lower surface of the cross beam (304) through the first bolts (302), more than two first bolts (302) are arranged on each connecting plate (301), the number of the washers (303) is equal to that of the first bolts (302), the washers (303) are respectively sleeved on the first bolts (302), and the washers (303) are positioned between the upper surface of the cross beam (304) and nuts of the first bolts (302);
the lifting beam (300) further comprises a ball bowl (305), a second bolt (306), a ball head (307) and a connecting drill rod (308);
the center of the cross beam (304) is provided with a through hole in a penetrating way, the position, close to the bottom end, of the through hole is provided with a hemispherical groove, the spherical bowl (305) is arranged at the center of the lower surface of the cross beam (304) through the second bolts (306), and the number of the second bolts (306) is more than two;
the ball head (307) is arranged in the hemispherical groove, the part of the ball head (307) positioned in the hemispherical groove is tightly attached to the inner surface of the hemispherical groove, the ball head (307) is parallel to the lower surface of the cross beam (304), the diameter of the ball head is higher than that of the ball bowl (305), one end of the connecting drill rod (308) is clamped on the ball head (307), the other end of the connecting drill rod (308) penetrates through a through hole in the center of the cross beam (304) to extend out of the upper side of the cross beam (304), and the diameter of the through hole is larger than that of the connecting drill rod (308).
2. The mechanical rock breaking and drilling process of the broken stratum shaft heading machine according to claim 1, wherein the frame structure consists of two longitudinal connecting rods and two transverse arc-shaped connecting rods, the two longitudinal connecting rods are respectively arranged along two longitudinal edges of the shield surface, and the two transverse arc-shaped connecting rods are respectively arranged along two transverse arc-shaped edges of the shield surface; the cross skeleton (204) comprises a longitudinal skeleton bar and a transverse arc skeleton bar, two ends of the longitudinal skeleton bar are fixedly connected with two transverse arc connecting bars respectively, the transverse arc skeleton bar is fixedly connected with two longitudinal connecting bars respectively, and the cross connection part of the longitudinal skeleton bar and the transverse arc skeleton bar is positioned at the center of the shield face.
3. The mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the broken stratum shaft heading machine according to claim 2, wherein each side wing framework (203) comprises three transverse side wing framework rods and one longitudinal side wing framework rod, each longitudinal connecting rod is provided with three transverse side wing framework rods at equal intervals along the length direction, each longitudinal side wing framework rod is fixedly arranged at one end of the three transverse side wing framework rods far away from the longitudinal connecting rod, and the connecting flange (206) and the welding cushion block (207) are welded at the top ends of the longitudinal side wing framework rods.
4. The mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the broken formation shaft heading machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross beam (304) comprises a cross beam main body and an annular mounting piece (3041) with a hemispherical groove, the upper end of the annular mounting piece is positioned in the through hole, the lower end of the annular mounting piece extends outwards circumferentially to form a fixed mounting ring (3042), and the diameter of the fixed mounting ring (3042) is larger than that of the through hole; the second bolt (306) sequentially penetrates through the beam main body, the annular mounting piece (3041) and the ball bowl (305) from top to bottom.
5. The mechanical rock breaking drilling process of the broken stratum shaft heading machine according to claim 1, wherein the ball head (307) is composed of two half ball heads, an annular clamping groove is formed in the circumferential surface of the lower end of the connecting drill rod (308), and a half clamping ring is formed on the inner side of each half ball head and is located in the annular clamping groove.
6. The broken formation shaft boring machine mechanical rock breaking drilling process according to claim 1, wherein the hanging scaffold (700) comprises a support platform (701), a power platform (702) and a control platform (703);
the top of hanging scaffold (700) is fixedly connected with steady hank hoisting system (900), hanging scaffold (700) are located the top of shaft development machine (100), and hanging scaffold (700) are carried by steady hank hoisting system (900), hanging scaffold (700) are three-layer, three-layer hanging scaffold (700) are supporting platform (701), power platform (702) and control platform (703) from bottom to top in proper order.
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| CN117328858B (en) * | 2023-10-30 | 2024-05-24 | 江苏和信石油机械有限公司 | Mine exploration well reversing drilling machine capable of being monitored in real time |
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| WO2014078878A1 (en) * | 2012-11-19 | 2014-05-22 | Aveng Africa Ltd | Shaft sinking apparatus and method |
| CN103850684A (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-06-11 | 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 | Sinking technology for expanding pilot well drilled by raise-boring machine, by using vertical well heading machine |
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