CN113265881B - 一种抛物面形聚酰亚胺/银复合薄膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抛物面形聚酰亚胺/银复合薄膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113265881B
CN113265881B CN202010095875.XA CN202010095875A CN113265881B CN 113265881 B CN113265881 B CN 113265881B CN 202010095875 A CN202010095875 A CN 202010095875A CN 113265881 B CN113265881 B CN 113265881B
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齐胜利
王希
董南希
田国峰
武德珍
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Abstract

一种抛物面形聚酰亚胺/银复合薄膜材料,其基体层中的纳米纤维膜起增强纤维的作用,因此整体的薄膜不易开裂,同时聚酰亚胺纳米纤维膜在银层与聚酰亚胺层之间起到铆接作用,形成类机械互锁结构,极大地提高了银层和聚酰亚胺基体之间的界面粘接性,赋予其优异的界面性能,同时保留着聚酰亚胺的优异性能,并且可通过调控银含量来实现银层厚度的可控制备。本发明薄膜的制备方法实施过程简单,条件易满足,所制得的聚酰亚胺/银复合薄膜材料具有界面粘结性能优异、力学性能好以及银利用率高、银层厚度可调可控的优点。

Description

一种抛物面形聚酰亚胺/银复合薄膜及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于聚合物金属复合材料领域,涉及一种制备抛物面形聚酰亚胺/银复合薄膜的方法。
背景技术
表面银化聚酰亚胺膜以其表面银层无与伦比的反射性和电导率,再加上聚酰亚胺基体本身优异的热稳定性和物理机械性能,以及质轻、高强的特点,在航空航天、微电子等领域有着广泛的应用。金属化抛物面薄膜是星载天线结构中的重要组成部分,直接影响到天线的电性能、天线的造型、还对天线工艺性的好坏、成本的高低、适应环境能力的强弱都起着决定性的作用。
传统的星载金属化抛物面薄膜的成型制备方法包括:充气法、充气-硬化法、弹性肋条驱动法、形状记忆聚合物膨胀法和静电成型法。
充气法,是在外加气压的作用下使平面的金属化薄膜被拉伸变形,在形状固定装置的支撑下近似化为抛物面。这种方法得到的抛物面薄膜质量很轻,所需装载量小,但是在较高的充气压力下,抛物面薄膜表面形状误差较大,充气压力的不对称会导致抛物面薄膜发生变形,对其精度产生很大的影响,并且在使用过程中气体的缓慢泄露也极大地限制了薄膜的使用寿命。
充气-硬化法,是在充气法的基础上,薄膜膨胀到所需的抛物面形状后,在太阳辐射的作用下逐渐硬化并释放出充气压力。充气-硬化的薄膜避免了充气薄膜所面临的一些缺点,包括表面精度降低,天线性能下降以及对连续气体补充的要求。然而,它们保持表面精度的能力取决于可硬化材料热稳定性的进一步改善,这在目前还不够好。
弹性肋条驱动法,是在薄膜上安装弹性肋条及铰链,待薄膜在空间中伸展为平面后,铰链驱动弹性肋条发生弯曲,形成伞结构的抛物面。这种方法制得的薄膜天线重量轻,但刚度和表面精度相对较低。
形状记忆聚合物膨胀法,首先将薄膜在高于其玻璃化转变温度的条件下填充成抛物面型,然后将其收卷后低温硬化,待到达轨道后再次加热到玻璃化温度以上,形状记忆聚合物在自身形状恢复能力及外部支撑装置的辅助下重新形成抛物面并再次低温硬化。这种方法具有较高的可靠性和强表面精度保持能力,但是在空间轨道上将其加热至玻璃化温度以上能耗很高,这在太空中能量短缺的情况下很难实现。
静电成型法,通过给薄膜施加电场使薄膜形成抛物面,控制不同位置的金属层所受电场强度实现抛物面曲率的微调。这种方法大大提高了抛物面的精度,但是所需要的电压极高,对给电设备要求高,并且可能过强的电场会影响其它设备正常工作。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有方法的不足,提出了一种抛物面形聚酰亚胺/银复合薄膜,该复合薄膜成型性能极佳,界面粘接性优异。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种抛物面形聚酰亚胺/银复合薄膜的制备方法,该方法步骤简单,界面粘接性优异,银负载量、负载深度深度可控。
一种抛物面形聚酰亚胺/银复合薄膜,基体层为聚酰亚胺纳米纤维膜,厚度为5-50μm,中间层为聚酰亚胺纳米纤维膜与聚酰亚胺/银复合层,厚度为20-50μm,表层为银层,厚度为0.01-5μm。
进一步地,抛物面的曲率为0-10m-1,优选2-9m-1
本发明所提供的一种抛物面形聚酰亚胺/银复合薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
A.在抛物面形基底上将聚酰胺酸溶液通过静电纺丝纺制一层抛物面形的聚酰胺酸纳米纤维膜;
B.将步骤A中得到的纳米纤维膜浸泡在可溶性银盐溶液中,浸泡后形成抛物面形锚定聚酰胺酸网络;
C.将聚酰胺酸溶液与银盐混合,在步骤B中得到的抛物面形锚定聚酰胺酸网络上流延成膜,然后挥发溶剂;
D.将步骤C中得到的薄膜进行热处理,即得到抛物面形聚酰亚胺/银复合薄膜。
其中,步骤A中采用二元胺和二元酐为单体在溶剂中合成聚酰胺酸溶液,聚酰胺酸溶液固含量为10~20wt%,优选12-18wt%;抛物面形基底的曲率为0-10m-1
其中,步骤B中的可溶性银盐溶液为硝酸银、氟化银、氟硼酸银、苯甲酸银、高氯酸银、三氟甲基磺酸银的水溶液或银氨溶液,其浓度为0.1-1.5M,处理时间为10-90min。可溶性银盐溶液的用量为大于等于1g/cm2聚酰胺酸纳米纤维膜,优选1.5-10g/cm2。纳米纤维膜浸泡在可溶性银盐溶液中进行离子交换,同时纳米纤维膜在金属离子诱导下发生微交联。所述抛物面形锚定聚酰胺酸网络不溶于DMAc。
其中,步骤C中所用的聚酰胺酸溶液固含量为10~20wt%,优选11-17wt%;单体体系可以是BTDA-ODA、PMDA-ODA、BPDA-ODA,所采用的二酐与二胺与步骤A一致。所用的银盐为三氟乙酰丙酮银(AgTFA),银盐占聚酰胺酸溶液与银盐混合物总重量的9-20wt%,优选10-15wt%;使用真空烘箱挥发溶剂,温度为40~100℃,时间为120~360min。所述流延膜的厚度为200-500μm。
其中,步骤D中热处理温度为280-350℃,优选290-320℃;时间为2-8h,优选3-6h。
与现有技术相比,本方法具有以下的技术特点及有益效果:
1.实施工艺简单,对实验条件要求简单,抛物面薄膜易于成型。
2.采用此方法制备的抛物面形聚酰亚胺/银复合薄膜材料,基体层中的纳米纤维膜起增强纤维的作用,因此整体的薄膜不易开裂,同时聚酰亚胺纳米纤维膜在银层与聚酰亚胺层之间起到铆接作用,形成类机械互锁结构,极大地提高了银层和聚酰亚胺基体之间的界面粘接性,赋予其优异的界面性能,同时保留着聚酰亚胺的优异性能。
3.采用此方法制备的抛物面形聚酰亚胺/银复合薄膜材料,可通过调控银含量来实现银层厚度的可控制备。
附图说明:
图1:实施例1得到的抛物面形的聚酰胺酸纳米纤维膜的SEM图,放大倍数50K。
图2:实施例1得到的抛物面形聚酰亚胺/银复合薄膜的SEM断面图,放大倍数8.5K,图中示出的是中间层的结构。
具体实施方式:
以下结合具体实施例,对本发明进行进一步的描述。需要说明的是,以下实施例仅用以说明本发明而非限制本发明所描述的技术方案,一切不脱离本发明的技术方案及其改进均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围之内。
实施例1:
A.采用BTDA和ODA为单体在DMAc中合成固含量为15wt%的聚酰胺酸溶液,在曲率为5m-1的抛物面形基底上通过静电纺丝纺制一层厚度为50μm的抛物面形的聚酰胺酸纳米纤维膜;
B.将步骤A中得到的纳米纤维膜在0.1M的硝酸银溶液中浸泡20min进行离子交换,可溶性银盐溶液的用量为2g/cm2聚酰胺酸纳米纤维膜,同时纳米纤维膜在金属离子诱导下发生微交联,洗净烘干后形成不溶于DMAc的抛物面形锚定聚酰胺酸网络;
C.将固含量为12%的聚酰胺酸溶液与三氟乙酰丙酮银(AgTFA)按银含量为13wt%混合后强烈搅拌至均匀,在步骤B中得到的抛物面形锚定聚酰胺酸网络上流延成厚度为300μm的膜,然后置于50℃真空烘箱中保存300min挥发溶剂;
D.将步骤C中得到的薄膜置于烘箱中进行300℃热处理5h,即得到抛物面形聚酰亚胺/银复合薄膜。
实施例2:
A.采用BTDA和ODA为单体在DMAc中合成固含量为15wt%的聚酰胺酸溶液,在曲率为5m-1的抛物面形基底上通过静电纺丝纺制一层厚度为10μm的抛物面形的聚酰胺酸纳米纤维膜;
B.将步骤A中得到的纳米纤维膜在0.1M的硝酸银溶液中浸泡20min进行离子交换,可溶性银盐溶液的用量为2g/cm2聚酰胺酸纳米纤维膜,同时纳米纤维膜在金属离子诱导下发生微交联,洗净烘干后形成不溶于DMAc的抛物面形锚定聚酰胺酸网络;
C.将固含量为12%的聚酰胺酸溶液与三氟乙酰丙酮银(AgTFA)按银含量为13wt%混合后强烈搅拌至均匀,在步骤B中得到的抛物面形锚定聚酰胺酸网络上流延成厚度为300μm的膜,然后置于50℃真空烘箱中保存300min挥发溶剂;
D.将步骤C中得到的薄膜置于烘箱中进行300℃热处理5h,即得到抛物面形聚酰亚胺/银复合薄膜。
实施例3:
A.采用BTDA和ODA为单体在DMAc中合成固含量为15wt%的聚酰胺酸溶液,在曲率为5m-1的抛物面形基底上通过静电纺丝纺制一层厚度为10μm的抛物面形的聚酰胺酸纳米纤维膜;
B.将步骤A中得到的纳米纤维膜在0.2M的硝酸银溶液中浸泡20min进行离子交换,可溶性银盐溶液的用量为2g/cm2聚酰胺酸纳米纤维膜,同时纳米纤维膜在金属离子诱导下发生微交联,洗净烘干后形成不溶于DMAc的抛物面形锚定聚酰胺酸网络;
C.将固含量为12%的聚酰胺酸溶液与三氟乙酰丙酮银(AgTFA)按银含量为13wt%混合后强烈搅拌至均匀,在步骤B中得到的抛物面形锚定聚酰胺酸网络上流延成厚度为300μm的膜,然后置于50℃真空烘箱中保存300min挥发溶剂;
D.将步骤C中得到的薄膜置于烘箱中进行300℃热处理5h,即得到抛物面形聚酰亚胺/银复合薄膜。
实施例4:
A.采用BTDA和ODA为单体在DMAc中合成固含量为15wt%的聚酰胺酸溶液,在曲率为5m-1的抛物面形基底上通过静电纺丝纺制一层厚度为10μm的抛物面形的聚酰胺酸纳米纤维膜;
B.将步骤A中得到的纳米纤维膜在0.2M的硝酸银溶液中浸泡40min进行离子交换,可溶性银盐溶液的用量为2g/cm2聚酰胺酸纳米纤维膜,同时纳米纤维膜在金属离子诱导下发生微交联,洗净烘干后形成不溶于DMAc的抛物面形锚定聚酰胺酸网络;
C.将固含量为12%的聚酰胺酸溶液与三氟乙酰丙酮银(AgTFA)按银含量为13wt%混合后强烈搅拌至均匀,在步骤B中得到的抛物面形锚定聚酰胺酸网络上流延成厚度为300μm的膜,然后置于50℃真空烘箱中保存300min挥发溶剂;
D.将步骤C中得到的薄膜置于烘箱中进行300℃热处理5h,即得到抛物面形聚酰亚胺/银复合薄膜。
实施例5:
A.采用BTDA和ODA为单体在DMAc中合成固含量为15wt%的聚酰胺酸溶液,在曲率为5m-1的抛物面形基底上通过静电纺丝纺制一层厚度为10μm的抛物面形的聚酰胺酸纳米纤维膜;
B.将步骤A中得到的纳米纤维膜在0.2M的硝酸银溶液中浸泡40min进行离子交换,可溶性银盐溶液的用量为2g/cm2聚酰胺酸纳米纤维膜,同时纳米纤维膜在金属离子诱导下发生微交联,洗净烘干后形成不溶于DMAc的抛物面形锚定聚酰胺酸网络;
C.将固含量为12%的聚酰胺酸溶液与三氟乙酰丙酮银(AgTFA)按银含量为13wt%混合后强烈搅拌至均匀,在步骤B中得到的抛物面形锚定聚酰胺酸网络上流延成厚度为500μm的膜,然后置于50℃真空烘箱中保存300min挥发溶剂;
D.将步骤C中得到的薄膜置于烘箱中进行300℃热处理5h,即得到抛物面形聚酰亚胺/银复合薄膜。
表1实施例1-5得到的复合薄膜的结构和性能数据
Figure BDA0002385340090000081
其中,基体层厚度、中间层厚度和银层厚度由SEM断面测得。
粘结性的实验方法:GB9286-1998色漆和清漆漆膜的划格试验;
粘结性评估标准:
0级-划线边缘光滑,在划线的边缘及交叉点处均无油漆脱落;
1级-在划线的交叉点处有小片的油漆脱落,且脱落总面积小于5%;
2级-在划线的边缘及交叉点处有小片的油漆脱落,且脱落总面积在5%~15%之间;
3级-在划线的边缘及交叉点处有成片的油漆脱落,且脱落总面积在15%~35%之间;
4级-在划线的边缘及交叉点处有成片的油漆脱落,且脱落总面积在35%~65%之间;
5级-在划线的边缘及交叉点处有成片的油漆脱落,且脱落总面积大于65%。

Claims (9)

1.一种抛物面形聚酰亚胺/银复合薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
A.在抛物面形基底上将聚酰胺酸溶液通过静电纺丝纺制一层抛物面形的聚酰胺酸纳米纤维膜;
B.将步骤A中得到的纳米纤维膜浸泡在可溶性银盐溶液中,浸泡后形成抛物面形锚定聚酰胺酸网络;可溶性银盐溶液为硝酸银、氟化银、氟硼酸银、苯甲酸银、高氯酸银、三氟甲基磺酸银的水溶液或银氨溶液,其浓度为0.1-1.5M,处理时间为10-90min;
C.将聚酰胺酸溶液与银盐混合,在步骤B中得到的抛物面形锚定聚酰胺酸网络上流延成膜,然后挥发溶剂;所述的银盐为三氟乙酰丙酮银(AgTFA),银盐占聚酰胺酸溶液与银盐混合物总重量的9-20wt%;
D.将步骤C中得到的薄膜进行热处理,即得到抛物面形聚酰亚胺/银复合薄膜;
所述抛物面形聚酰亚胺/银复合薄膜基体层为聚酰亚胺纳米纤维膜,厚度为5-50μm,中间层为聚酰亚胺纳米纤维膜与聚酰亚胺/银复合层,厚度为20-50μm,表层为银层,厚度为0.01-5μm。
2.权利要求1所述的方法,其中,步骤A中采用二元胺和二元酐为单体在溶剂中合成聚酰胺酸溶液,聚酰胺酸溶液固含量为10~20wt%。
3.权利要求1所述的方法,其中,步骤A中所述抛物面形基底的曲率为0-10m-1,且曲率不为0。
4.权利要求1所述的方法,其中,步骤A中所述抛物面形基底的曲率为2-9m-1
5.权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤B中可溶性银盐溶液的用量为大于等于1g/cm2聚酰胺酸纳米纤维膜。
6.权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤B中可溶性银盐溶液的用量为1.5-10g/cm2聚酰胺酸纳米纤维膜。
7.权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤C中所述的银盐为三氟乙酰丙酮银(AgTFA),银盐占聚酰胺酸溶液与银盐混合物总重量的10-15wt%。
8.权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤C中使用真空烘箱挥发溶剂,温度为40~100℃,时间为120~360min。
9.权利要求1所述的方法,其中,步骤D中热处理温度为280-350℃,时间为2-8h。
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