CN113238097A - Design method of single-frequency microwave electric field intensity measurement system based on rydberg atoms - Google Patents
Design method of single-frequency microwave electric field intensity measurement system based on rydberg atoms Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a design method of a single-frequency microwave electric field intensity measurement system based on a rydberg atom, which is characterized in that the rydberg atom is prepared by utilizing two beams of laser with specific frequency, wherein the design method mainly comprises the steps of designing a three-energy-level system, coupling the two beams of laser with different energy levels of the rydberg atom, observing an EIT phenomenon through a photoelectric detector, and ensuring the preparation of the rydberg atom; under the influence of specific microwave signals, a four-energy-level system is formed, laser frequency is scanned at the moment, light intensity change data of the photoelectric detector is recorded, and the laser frequency can be converted into corresponding microwave electric field intensity, so that single-frequency microwave field intensity measurement is realized. The invention realizes the accurate measurement of the field intensity of the single-frequency microwave electric field, overcomes the problem that the traditional electric field detector generates interference on the measured electric field, simultaneously avoids the uncertainty caused by the calibration of the detector and improves the measurement accuracy of the microwave electric field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser communication, in particular to a design method of a single-frequency microwave electric field strength measurement system based on rydberg atoms.
Background
In the conventional measurement of the intensity of the microwave electric field, a sensor needs to be placed in the electric field for measurement, which inevitably causes measurement interference and increases the uncertainty of the measurement result. Although the probe can be theoretically small, its size is limited by the electronic measurement device and antenna size of the probe head. In addition to disturbing the measured field, these conventional detectors require frequent calibration, which requires resolving the electric field using maxwell's equations, which in turn introduces some uncertainty. Therefore, the current common electric field detector cannot ensure the accuracy of electric field measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a design method of a single-frequency microwave electric field intensity measurement system based on rydberg atoms, which utilizes the EIT (electromagnetic induction transparency) effect of the rydberg atoms to realize the accurate measurement of the single-frequency microwave electric field intensity, overcomes the problem that the traditional electric field detector generates interference on a measured electric field, simultaneously avoids the uncertainty caused by the calibration of the detector and improves the measurement accuracy of the microwave electric field.
The design idea of the invention is as follows: preparing a rydberg atom by using two beams of laser with specific frequency, wherein the preparation method mainly comprises the steps of designing a three-energy-level system, coupling the two beams of laser with different energy levels of the rydberg atom, observing an EIT phenomenon through a photoelectric detector, and ensuring the preparation of the rydberg atom; under the influence of specific microwave signals, a four-energy-level system is formed, laser frequency is scanned at the moment, light intensity change data of the photoelectric detector is recorded, and the laser frequency can be converted into corresponding microwave electric field intensity, so that single-frequency microwave field intensity measurement is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
The design method of the single-frequency microwave electric field intensity measurement system based on the rydberg atoms comprises the following steps:
wherein the same position refers to the same position at which the detection light and the coupling light pass through the steam pool of the Reidberg; the Reidberg steam pool is a steam pool corresponding to the Reidberg atoms;
and 4, emitting the microwave electric field to be detected to the steam pool of the Reidberg by the radio frequency generator, measuring photoelectric response by the photoelectric detector, and calculating the field intensity of the microwave electric field to be detected according to the photoelectric response.
Further, the energy level difference required for preparing the rydberg atoms is calculated according to the angular frequency of the microwave to be detected, and the specific formula is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is a reduced Planck constant of 1.0546 × 10-34J·s；EcAnd EdRespectively representing the energies of two high energy levels of Reidberg, and Ec＞Ed。
Further, the selecting of the riedberg atoms and the two corresponding energy levels is specifically as follows: one of the alkali metal atoms having the energy level difference and allowing transition between the energy levels is selected as a rydberg atom, and two transition energy levels of the rydberg atom are determined.
Further, the selecting two low energy levels corresponding to the probe light and the coupling light in the measurement system specifically includes: two low levels, which are lower than the high level in step 1, are selected among the energy levels of the rydberg atoms, enabling transitions to occur between the two low levels and between the low and high levels.
Further, the specific formula for determining the angular frequency of the probe light and the coupling light is as follows:
wherein, ω is1And ω2Angular frequencies of the probe light and the coupling light, respectively, EaAnd EbIs two low level energies, EcFor one of the high energy levels of Reidberg, and Ec＞Eb＞Ea。
Further, the detection light and the coupling light are transmitted in the same position in the steam pool of the riedberg in opposite directions, specifically: the detection light is reflected to the steam pool of the Reidberg through the reflector, and the coupling light is reflected to the same position of the steam pool of the Reidberg through the dichroic mirror; respectively exciting electron transitions between low energy levels and high energy levels in a rydberg steam pool to generate rydberg atoms; the detection light passes through the Reidberg steam pool, then penetrates through the dichroic mirror, and is detected by the photoelectric detector; wherein, the reflecting mirror and the dichroic mirror are positioned at two sides of the steam pool of the Reidberg.
Further, the formula for calculating the field intensity of the microwave electric field to be measured according to the photoelectric response is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
transition dipole moment, omega, for two high-level ReidbergcdFor the ratio frequency of two high levels of the Reedberg, and Δ f is the transparent peak in the photoelectric responseThe space is split.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, by utilizing the unique properties of the rydberg atoms, such as long service life, large atom volume, large transition dipole moment, high polarizability, sensitivity to external electric field change and the like, the rydberg atoms are prepared by adopting a laser excitation mode, and the intensity of the electric field to be detected can be deduced by detecting the influence of a microwave electric field on the absorption property of the detection light.
(2) When the single-frequency microwave electric field intensity measurement system designed by the invention is used for measurement, the influence of an electric field on rydberg atoms is only utilized, and the condition that the field to be detected is influenced when the traditional electric field detector works is avoided, so that the measurement interference is removed by the scheme, the nondestructive detection of the electric field intensity can be indirectly realized, and the uncertainty of the measurement result is reduced.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram and energy level structure of a single-frequency electric field strength measurement system in an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, (a) is the structure diagram of the energy level of the measuring electric field, and (b) is the functional block diagram of the measuring system;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of simulation results of the detection light absorption in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the ordinate is the imaginary part of the responsivity χ, which can describe the absorption properties of the detection light; (a) simulation plots corresponding to three levels, and (b) simulation plots corresponding to four levels.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the design method of a single-frequency microwave electric field strength measurement system based on rydberg atoms provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
the atoms of the rydberg are selected so that there exists a corresponding pair of rydberg states, i.e., the | c > energy level and the | d > energy level in FIG. 1(a), such that the transition between the two rydberg energy levels is allowed and the transition frequency is the frequency ω of the microwave to be measuredRFNamely, the condition is satisfied:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is a reduced Planck constant of 1.0546 × 10-34J·s；EcAnd EdRespectively representing the energies of two high energy levels of Reidberg, and Ec＞Ed。
And calculating the energy level energy difference required for preparing the rydberg atoms by the formula, and further selecting the rydberg atoms.
For example, the cesium bulb in fig. 1(b) contains some solid cesium which sublimes into cesium atom vapor in the vacuum glass cell. The atomic vapor cell is an absorption medium in a laser experiment, and the photoelectric phenomenon is observed by detecting the light intensity change of laser passing through the vapor cell in the experiment.
The rydberg atoms are selected from alkali metal atoms such as cesium, rubidium, and the like. In this embodiment, cesium is selected as the rydberg atoms, and the steam pool of the rydberg is a cesium bubble.
the preparation of the Reidberg atoms is achieved by coupling the energy levels | a > and | b >, | b > and | c > of the Reidberg atoms by probe light and coupling light. Corresponding to the experimental setup, dark laser light (probe light) and light laser light (coupled light) in fig. 1(b), were provided by two lasers of different wavelength bands, which were continuously fired to excite the rydberg atomic transitions in the cesium bubble.
The angular frequency ω of the probe light and the coupled light can be determined by the energy of the coupled energy level:
wherein, ω is1And ω2Angular frequencies of the probe light and the coupling light, respectively, EaAnd EbIs two low level energies, EcFor one of the high energy levels of Reidberg, and Ec＞Eb＞Ea。
wherein the same position refers to the same position at which the detection light and the coupling light pass through the steam pool of the Reidberg; the Reidberg steam pool is a steam pool corresponding to the Reidberg atoms;
the schematic diagram of the measurement system is shown in fig. 1(b), and the specific process is as follows: the detection light is reflected to the steam pool of the Reidberg through the reflector, and the coupling light is reflected to the same position of the steam pool of the Reidberg through the dichroic mirror; the position in the interior of the rydberg vapor cell excites electron transitions between low and high energy levels, respectively, thereby generating rydberg atoms; the detection light passes through the Reidberg steam pool, then penetrates through the dichroic mirror, and is detected by the photoelectric detector; wherein, the reflecting mirror and the dichroic mirror are positioned at two sides of the steam pool of the Reidberg.
Actually, referring to fig. 1(b), after the corresponding laser beam is determined according to each energy level, the probe light and the coupling light are transmitted in the opposite direction in the rydberg vapor pool, and the two beams of light are completely overlapped, so that the preparation of the rydberg atoms is realized. Because the transmission and reflection properties of the dichroic mirror are related to the wavelength of the laser, after the detection light passes through the steam pool, the detection light transmits through the dichroic mirror and hits the photoelectric detector, and the oscilloscope displays the light intensity signal of the detection light.
When the frequency of the coupled light is scanned, an absorption transparent peak of the probe light, i.e., an EIT effect, can be observed. The simulation results of the photodetector response are obtained in fig. 2(a), thereby ensuring the preparation of the riedberg atoms.
And 4, emitting the microwave electric field to be detected to the steam pool of the Reidberg by the radio frequency generator, measuring photoelectric response by the photoelectric detector, and calculating the field intensity of the microwave electric field to be detected according to the photoelectric response.
Referring to FIG. 1(b), a radio frequency generator may be used to generate an angular frequency ω during the experimentRFThe electric field signal is amplified by a horn antenna to radiate the steam pool of the rydberg atoms.
At this time, the frequency of the coupled light is scanned, fig. 2(b) shows a simulation result of the response of the photodetector, and the corresponding microwave field intensity E can be derived according to the splitting interval Δ f of the transparent peak in the response of the photodetector, and the corresponding relationship is as follows:
wherein
The transition dipole moment for two rydberg levels can be obtained by wave function integration; omegacdIs the corresponding pull-ratio frequency.
The measuring means of the invention does not interfere with the electric field to be measured, and is a novel means for nondestructive detection of the electric field.
Simulation experiment
The effects of the present invention can be further illustrated by the following specific examples:
1. simulation conditions are as follows:
the configuration of the operation platform of the simulation experiment of the invention is as follows:
a CPU: intel (R) core (TM) i7-4790 CPU @3.60GHz and internal memory 8.00 GB;
operating the system: windows 7 flagship edition 64-bit SP1 operating system;
simulation software: MATLAB R (2016 a).
The simulation parameters of the simulation experiment of the invention are set as follows:
semi-classical theoretical derivation shows that the responsivity χ of the system under a certain approximate condition at four energy levels can be expressed as follows, and the parameter can take a typical value:
wherein the atomic density N is 1022m-3Dipole moment of transition
Get 10-30C m, vacuum dielectric constant ε0Take 8.85X 10-12F/m, the ratio frequency omegabcTake 4X 107Hz，ΩcdTake 1.5X 107Hz, gamma represents the attenuation of each energy level, and gamma is takenbIs 2 x 107Hz，γcAnd gammadIs 2 x 103Hz。Δab、Δbc、ΔcdThe frequencies of the probe light, the coupling light and the electric field are detuned, respectively.
2. Simulation content:
a three-level system of rydberg atoms was first simulated. Let Delta beab、Δ cd0, representing that the frequency of the probing light and the electric field to be measured is equal to the energy level transition frequency, and then making omegacdA value of 0 indicates that the electric field has not yet affected the atoms. While scanning the coupled light, the imaginary part of the system responsivity is shown in FIG. 2(a), with the abscissa ΔbcThe change of/2 pi represents the frequency of the scanned coupled light, and the peak-valley at the center of the curve represents the occurrence of the Electromagnetic Induced Transparency (EIT) effect, so that the probe light at the resonance frequency is not absorbed, which indicates the successful preparation of the rydberg atom.
Parameters were then varied to simulate a four-level system of rydberg atoms under the influence of microwaves. Let omegacdIs 2 π × 40MHz, Δab、ΔcdStill 0, scanning the coupled light, system responseThe imaginary part of the rate is shown in fig. 2(b), the transparent peak is split, and the split interval Δ f can be obtained from the range and period of the frequency sweep.
3. And (3) simulation result analysis:
referring to fig. 2(b), the separation of the split peaks of the transparent peak is the same as the rabi frequency, and it can be seen from the equation of responsivity χ of the four-level system that γ is a longer lifetime of the rydberg statecAnd gammadWhen the number of molecules of the responsivity is 0, the ratio frequency of the microwave field is approximately equal to 2 times the amount of coupled light detuning, which is why the electric field intensity can be estimated by the splitting frequency interval Δ f. Compared with the traditional electric field detector, the method does not disturb the measured field, and the uncertainty of measurement is reduced.
Although the present invention has been described in detail in this specification with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the present invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (7)
1. The design method of the single-frequency microwave electric field intensity measurement system based on the rydberg atoms is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, selecting an energy level difference required by preparing a Reidberg atom according to the angular frequency of a microwave to be detected, and selecting the Reidberg atom and two corresponding Reidberg high energy levels thereof;
step 2, selecting two low energy levels corresponding to the detection light and the coupling light in the measurement system according to the rydberg atoms and the two corresponding rydberg energy levels thereof, and determining the angular frequencies of the detection light and the coupling light according to the two low energy levels;
step 3, emitting the detection light and the coupling light by two lasers respectively according to the angular frequencies of the detection light and the coupling light in the step 2, enabling the detection light and the coupling light to be transmitted oppositely at the same position in the Reidberg steam pool, and observing an EIT effect by using a photoelectric detector;
wherein the same position refers to the same position at which the detection light and the coupling light pass through the steam pool of the Reidberg; the Reidberg steam pool is a steam pool corresponding to the Reidberg atoms;
and 4, emitting the microwave electric field to be detected to the steam pool of the Reidberg by the radio frequency generator, measuring photoelectric response by the photoelectric detector, and calculating the field intensity of the microwave electric field to be detected according to the photoelectric response.
2. The design method of the single-frequency microwave electric field intensity measurement system based on the rydberg atoms is characterized in that the energy level difference required for preparing the rydberg atoms is calculated according to the angular frequency of the microwaves to be measured, and the specific formula is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is a reduced Planck constant; ecAnd EdRespectively representing the energies of two high energy levels of Reidberg, and Ec＞Ed。
3. The design method of the single-frequency microwave electric field strength measurement system based on the rydberg atoms is characterized in that the selection of the rydberg atoms and two corresponding energy levels is specifically as follows: one of the alkali metal atoms having the energy level difference and allowing transition between the energy levels is selected as a rydberg atom, and two transition energy levels of the rydberg atom are determined.
4. The design method of the single-frequency microwave electric field strength measurement system based on the rydberg atoms is characterized in that two low energy levels corresponding to the detection light and the coupling light in the measurement system are selected, and specifically the two low energy levels are as follows: two low levels, which are lower than the high level in step 1, are selected among the energy levels of the rydberg atoms, enabling transitions to occur between the two low levels and between the low and high levels.
5. The design method of the single-frequency microwave electric field strength measurement system based on the rydberg atoms is characterized in that the specific formula for determining the angular frequency of the probe light and the coupling light is as follows:
wherein, ω is1And ω2Angular frequencies of the probe light and the coupling light, respectively, EaAnd EbIs two low level energies, EcFor one of the high energy levels of Reidberg, and Ec＞Eb＞Ea，
Is a reduced planck constant.
6. The design method of the single-frequency microwave electric field strength measurement system based on the rydberg atoms, according to the claim 1, is characterized in that the detection light and the coupling light are transmitted in the same position in the rydberg steam pool in opposite directions, specifically: the detection light is reflected to the steam pool of the Reidberg through the reflector, and the coupling light is reflected to the same position of the steam pool of the Reidberg through the dichroic mirror; respectively exciting electron transitions between low energy levels and high energy levels in a rydberg steam pool to generate rydberg atoms; the detection light passes through the Reidberg steam pool, then penetrates through the dichroic mirror, and is detected by the photoelectric detector; wherein, the reflecting mirror and the dichroic mirror are positioned at two sides of the steam pool of the Reidberg.
7. The design method of the single-frequency microwave electric field strength measurement system based on the rydberg atoms is characterized in that the formula for calculating the field strength of the microwave electric field to be measured according to the photoelectric response is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
transition dipole moment, omega, for two high-level ReidbergcdIs the ratio frequency of two high energy levels of the Reedberg, deltaf is the splitting interval of the transparent peak in the photoelectric response,
is a reduced planck constant.
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| CN114325130A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-12 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | High-efficiency optical fiber coupling atomic gas chamber probe and manufacturing method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210810 |
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