CN116413512B - Instantaneous frequency measurement method and system based on Redberg atoms - Google Patents
Instantaneous frequency measurement method and system based on Redberg atoms Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
- G01R23/02—Arrangements for measuring frequency, e.g. pulse repetition rate; Arrangements for measuring period of current or voltage
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/48—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using wave or particle radiation means
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- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
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- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
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Abstract
The application relates to an instantaneous frequency measurement method and system based on a Redberg atom. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a double-channel Redberg atomic state frequency measurement structure, wherein the double-channel Redberg atomic state frequency measurement structure comprises two Redberg atomic air chambers with different excitation states in a tight arrangement mode, a first photoelectric detector, a second photoelectric detector, a data acquisition module and a signal processor; irradiating the two Redberg atom air chambers with laser with specific wavelength to excite the atoms in the two Redberg atom air chambers to a Redberg state; the microwave signal to be detected passes through the two Redberg atomic air chambers, and a first response value and a second response value are obtained by detecting the change of the detected light intensity irradiated to the two photoelectric detectors; the data acquisition module is used for acquiring a first response value and a second response value and transmitting the first response value and the second response value to the signal processor; and the signal processor performs frequency calculation according to the received two corresponding values, and adopts a table look-up method according to the calculation result to obtain an instantaneous frequency measurement result. The method can realize the amplitude-frequency decoupling of the unknown signals and has the instant frequency measurement capability.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of quantum microwave detection, in particular to an instantaneous frequency measurement method and system based on a Redberg atom.
Background
The microwave detection technology based on the Redberg atoms utilizes two beams of space light (coupling light and detection light) with specific wavelength, coaxial opposite transmission and proper power to excite atoms in a gas chamber to the Redberg state, acquires electromagnetic information by measuring the interference of an electromagnetic field on a laser electromagnetic induction transparent (Electromagnetically induced transparency, EIT) spectral line, breaks through the physical limit of a traditional electromagnetic perception system, has the advantages of small system size, high sensitivity, measurable frequency bandwidth and the like, has great application potential in the fields of communication, imaging, metering and the like, and currently realizes the measurement of the characteristics of electromagnetic field amplitude, polarization, phase, waveform and the like.
An instantaneous frequency measurement technique (IFM) refers to a technique of rapidly measuring the frequency of a measured signal within a short period of pulse duration.
The microwave detection technology based on the Redberg atoms has broadband, high-sensitivity and traceable electromagnetic measurement capability, has different polarizability (or transition dipole moment) for different frequencies, and has the potential of carrying out microwave instantaneous frequency measurement because the research shows that the electromagnetic response time of the current atoms can reach the order of 10 ns.
At present, a superheterodyne structure is constructed by applying a local microwave field and local field frequency scanning is performed, or microwave field frequency measurement with certain precision can be performed by laser scanning and utilizing the asymmetry of EIT splitting, however, the method for scanning the microwave field frequency or the laser wavelength does not have instantaneity, and instantaneous frequency measurement cannot be performed. Meanwhile, because the Redberg atomic sensing system measures an electromagnetic field based on a quantum microwave coherence effect, the amplitude and frequency characteristics of a field to be measured have influence on the EIT spectrum line of laser, and therefore, when an unknown signal is received, the atomic detection system cannot respectively distinguish the influence of the amplitude and frequency of electromagnetic waves on the output light power, that is, amplitude-frequency decoupling cannot be realized, and the system is invalid.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a method and a system for instantaneous frequency measurement based on the reed-burg atom. The method can realize the amplitude-frequency decoupling of the unknown signals and has the instant frequency measurement capability.
A method of instantaneous frequency measurement based on a reed-burg atom, the method comprising:
constructing a dual-channel Redberg atomic state frequency measurement structure; the frequency measurement structure comprises two Redberg atom air chambers which are closely arranged and have different excited states, a first photoelectric detector, a second photoelectric detector, a data acquisition module and a signal processor.
Irradiating the Redberg atom air chamber with laser with specific wavelength to excite the atoms in the interior to the Redberg state; the microwave signal to be detected passes through a first Redberg atomic gas chamber, and a first response value is obtained by detecting the change of the detected light intensity irradiated to a first photoelectric detector; and simultaneously, the microwave signal to be detected passes through a second Redberg atomic gas chamber, and a second response value is obtained by detecting the change of the detected light intensity irradiated to the second photoelectric detector.
And respectively acquiring the first response value and the second response value by adopting a data acquisition module, and transmitting the first response value and the second response value to a signal processor.
And the signal processor performs frequency calculation according to the first response value and the second response value, performs frequency instantaneous measurement of the microwave signal to be measured by adopting a table look-up method according to the calculation result and a frequency corresponding table, and obtains an instantaneous frequency measurement result.
In one embodiment, the laser includes: probe light and coupled light; the two Redburg atomic air chambers are the atomic air chambers after priori calibration; the specific steps of the priori calibration include:
and fixing the detection light frequency, scanning the coupling light frequency, and when a microwave signal frequency meets a certain energy level transition condition, obtaining an EIT spectral line of the detection light, and locking the coupling light frequency at an EIT peak value.
And respectively applying known microwave signals with fixed amplitude and different frequencies to the two atomic air chambers, testing and recording output values of the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector, and respectively establishing response databases so that the atomic air chambers have priori output calibration on the microwave signals with different frequencies in an observation frequency band.
In one embodiment, the signal processor performs frequency calculation according to the first response value and the second response value, performs frequency instantaneous measurement of the microwave signal to be measured by adopting a table look-up method according to a calculation result and a frequency correspondence table, and obtains an instantaneous frequency measurement result, and the step of establishing the frequency correspondence table includes:
and respectively establishing a frequency and photoelectric detector response relation table for the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector.
At the same frequencyExecuting the response value of the first photoelectric detector by using the signal processorDivided by the response value of said second photodetector +.>Recording the numerical valueAnd (3) circularly operating for multiple times to obtain multiple groups of recorded values, and storing the multiple groups of recorded values as a frequency corresponding table.
In one embodiment, the signal processor performs frequency calculation according to the first response value and the second response value, performs frequency instantaneous measurement of the microwave signal to be measured by adopting a table look-up method according to a calculation result and a frequency correspondence table, and obtains an instantaneous frequency measurement result, and includes:
the signal processor performs a calculation operation of dividing the first response value by the second response value to obtain a recorded value。
According to technical valuesPerforming comparison inquiry in a frequency corresponding table to uniquely determine microwave signal frequencyAnd obtaining an instantaneous frequency measurement result.
In one embodiment, the detected light intensity variation in the two reed burg atomic gas chambers is respectively:
；
wherein ,for the first Redberg atomic cellDetecting the light intensity variation, ">For the second Redberg atomic chamber, the detected light intensity variation, < >>The first Redberg atom polarization in a particular excited state, which is related to the frequency of the microwave field to be measured>Function of->Is the second reed-burg atomic polarization of a particular excited state,Eis the electric field strength of the microwave field to be measured.
In one embodiment, the lasers used for the two reed-burg atomic plenums excitation are the same set of laser systems, wherein the coupled light used for the first reed-burg atomic plenums excitation is wavelength shifted by an acousto-optic modulator.
A transient frequency measurement system based on the Redberg atoms comprises two Redberg atom air chambers which are closely arranged and have different excited states, a first photoelectric detector, a second photoelectric detector, a data acquisition module and a signal processor.
The first Redberg atomic gas chamber is connected with the first photoelectric detector light path, the second Redberg atomic gas chamber is connected with the second photoelectric detector light path, the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector are connected with the data acquisition module, and the data acquisition module is connected with the signal processor.
The two Redberg atomic air chambers are used for receiving microwave signals to be detected; respectively exciting atoms in the two Redberg atom air chambers to a first Redberg state and a second Redberg state by using two laser beams with different wavelengths; the laser includes: probe light and coupled light;
the first photoelectric detector is used for detecting the laser intensity of the detection light passing through the first Redberg atomic gas chamber to obtain a first response value.
The second photoelectric detector is used for detecting the laser intensity of the detection light passing through the second Redberg atomic gas chamber to obtain a second response value.
The data acquisition module is used for acquiring the first response value and the second response value and transmitting the first response value and the second response value to the signal processor.
The signal processor is used for carrying out frequency calculation according to the first response value and the second response value, carrying out frequency instantaneous measurement of the microwave signal to be measured by adopting a table look-up method according to the calculation result and a frequency correspondence table, and obtaining an instantaneous frequency measurement result.
In one embodiment, the two reed burg atomic gas chambers are glass structures with closed structures, and are used for filling alkali metal atomic gas, and probe light and coupling light are input into the atomic gas chambers through optical fiber coupling, so that the alkali metal atomic laser is transited to a reed burg state after being irradiated.
The two Redburg atomic air chambers are the atomic air chambers after priori calibration; the specific steps of the priori calibration include:
and fixing the detection light frequency, scanning the coupling light frequency, and when a microwave signal frequency meets a certain energy level transition condition, obtaining an EIT spectral line of the detection light, and locking the coupling light frequency at an EIT peak value.
And respectively applying known microwave signals with fixed amplitude and different frequencies to the two atomic air chambers, testing and recording output values of the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector, and respectively establishing response databases so that the atomic air chambers have priori output calibration on the microwave signals with different frequencies in an observation frequency band.
In one embodiment, the signal processor is configured to perform a calculation operation of dividing the first response value by the second response value to obtain a recorded valueThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to technical values->A comparison inquiry is carried out in a frequency correspondence table, and the microwave signal frequency is uniquely determined>Obtaining an instantaneous frequency measurement result; the step of establishing the frequency correspondence table comprises the following steps: establishing a frequency and photoelectric detector response relation table for the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector respectively; at the same frequency +.>Executing the response value of the first photoelectric detector by using the signal processorDivided by the response value of said second photodetector +.>Recording the numerical valueAnd (3) circularly operating for multiple times to obtain multiple groups of recorded values, and storing the multiple groups of recorded values as a frequency corresponding table.
In one embodiment, the system further comprises: a laser system and an acousto-optic modulator.
The laser system is used for generating detection light and coupling light with different wavelengths, the detection light and the coupling light are respectively divided into two beams of detection light and coupling light with the same intensity through a laser beam splitter, the two beams of detection light are respectively input into a first reed-burg atomic air chamber and a second reed-burg atomic air chamber, the first beam of coupling light is input into the first reed-burg atomic air chamber, and the second beam of coupling light is input into the second reed-burg atomic air chamber after wavelength deviation is carried out through the acousto-optic modulator.
The method and the system for instantaneous frequency measurement based on the Redberg atoms comprise the following steps: constructing a frequency measurement structure of a double-channel Redberg atomic state, wherein the frequency measurement structure comprises two Redberg atomic gas chambers which are closely arranged and have different excited states, a first photoelectric detector, a second photoelectric detector, a data acquisition module and a signal processor; irradiating the two Redberg atom air chambers with laser with specific wavelength to excite the atoms in the two Redberg atom air chambers to a Redberg state; the microwave signal to be detected passes through a first Redberg atomic gas chamber and irradiates to a first photoelectric detector to obtain a first response value; meanwhile, the microwave signal to be detected passes through a second Redberg atom air chamber and irradiates a second photoelectric detector to obtain a second response value; the data acquisition module is used for respectively acquiring a first response value and a second response value and transmitting the first response value and the second response value to the signal processor; the signal processor performs frequency calculation according to the first response value and the second response value, and obtains an instantaneous frequency measurement result by adopting a table look-up method according to the calculation result and the frequency correspondence table. The method can realize the amplitude-frequency decoupling of the unknown signals and has the instant frequency measurement capability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of instantaneous frequency measurement of a base Yu Lide fort atom in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a system for instantaneous frequency measurement of a base Yu Lide fort atom;
FIG. 3 is a plot of frequency response of polarization ratios corresponding to the Redberg states employed by two Redberg atomic plenums in another embodiment;
FIG. 4 shows the ratio of the polarization ratios of the Redberg states employed by two Redberg atomic plenums in another embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
The Redberg atoms are not atoms corresponding to a specific element, but atoms in an excited state, and a stack of electrons are arranged on the outer layer of the atoms, and the electrons have a certain energy level structure. When an atom is in the ground state, electrons move at a low energy level, for example, the atoms stably existing in the periodic table of elements reach almost the seventh period, that is, the outermost electron wave function has a principal quantum number n=7. And electrons can be excited to a high energy level, when the energy level is high enough, the main quantum number n is large enough, and the atoms are excited to a Redberg state, and the atoms are the Redberg atoms. A reed burg atom refers to an atom whose main quantum number n of electrons is large, for example, n=90.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, there is provided a method for instantaneous frequency measurement based on a reed-burg atom, the method comprising the steps of:
step 100: constructing a dual-channel Redberg atomic state frequency measurement structure; the frequency measurement structure comprises two Redberg atom air chambers which are closely arranged and have different excited states, a first photoelectric detector, a second photoelectric detector, a data acquisition module and a signal processor.
Specifically, the frequency measurement structure of the dual-channel Redberg atomic state is shown in fig. 2. The dual-channel frequency measurement structure of the Redberg atomic state comprises a Redberg atomic gas chamber 1, a Redberg atomic gas chamber 2, a photoelectric detector 5, a photoelectric detector 6, a data acquisition module 7 and a signal processor 8, wherein the data acquisition module 7 respectively acquires signals output by the photoelectric detector 5 and the photoelectric detector 6, and then inputs the acquired signals to the signal processor 8 for frequency calculation.
The Redberg atomic gas chamber 1 and the Redberg atomic gas chamber 2 are glass structures with closed structures, and are used for filling alkali metal atomic gas, and probe light and coupling light are input into the interior of the atomic gas chamber through optical fiber coupling, and the alkali metal atomic laser is transited to a Redberg state after being irradiated; the alkali metal atoms adopted by the application are Cs atoms, and the wavelength of two excitation light beams of the Cs atom air chamber is near 852 nm and 509 nm. The laser wavelengths used by the two atomic air chambers are different, so that the excited states are different, the responses to the same microwave signal are different, and the laser wavelengths are custom designed according to the requirements of the detection frequency range.
The laser wavelength outputs used by the two reed burg atomic plenums can use the same laser system 3, wherein the laser used for exciting one atomic plenum is subjected to wavelength shift through the acousto-optic modulator 4.
Step 102: irradiating the two Redberg atom air chambers with laser with specific wavelength to excite the atoms in the two Redberg atom air chambers to a Redberg state; the microwave signal to be detected passes through a first Redberg atomic gas chamber, and a first response value is obtained by detecting the change of the detected light intensity irradiated to a first photoelectric detector; and simultaneously, the microwave signal to be detected passes through a second Redberg atomic gas chamber, and a second response value is obtained by detecting the change of the detected light intensity irradiated to the second photoelectric detector.
Specifically, laser (detection light and coupling light) is split, wherein a group of detection light and coupling light are transmitted in a phase-transfer overlapping manner in the reed-burg atomic gas chamber 1, atoms in the reed-burg atomic gas chamber 1 are excited to a reed-burg state 1, and the detection light passes through the reed-burg atomic gas chamber 1 and irradiates to the photodetector 1. The second group of detection light and coupling light are transmitted to an acousto-optic modulator for frequency shift, and then are transmitted in a phase-transmission overlapping manner in the Redberg atomic gas chamber 2, atoms in the Redberg atomic gas chamber 2 are excited to the Redberg state 2, and the detection light passes through the atomic gas chamber 2 and irradiates the photoelectric detector 2. The wavelength selection of the coupled light and the probe light is determined by the desired reed-burg states, which correspond to different band response characteristics.
When the microwave signals to be measured are transmitted to the two Redberg atom air chambers, the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the microwave signals reaching the two Redberg atom air chambers can be considered to be the same due to the fact that the air chambers are small in size and are closely arranged. Because the frequency bandwidth of the Redberg atomic resonance is narrow, for the wide spectrum frequency measurement requirement, the default frequency to be measured is the detuned frequency. At the detuning, the laser intensity variation in the atomic gas chamber satisfies the formula:, wherein />Is the polarization of the Redberg atoms in a particular excited state, which is related to the frequency of the microwave field to be measured>Is a function of (a) and (b),Eis the electric field strength of the microwave field to be measured. Because the two atomic air chambers have different excitation states, the two atomic air chambers have different amplitudes and frequencies for the same microwave signalThe response is different, i.e. the two atomic gas chambers have different curve distributions for the polarizability of the same microwave frequency, so the laser intensities in the two reed burg atomic gas chambers.
The microwave signal to be measured is a microwave signal within the observation frequency band.
Step 104: and respectively acquiring the first response value and the second response value by adopting a data acquisition module, and transmitting the first response value and the second response value to a signal processor.
Step 106: the signal processor carries out frequency calculation according to the first response value and the second response value, carries out frequency instantaneous measurement of the microwave signal to be measured by adopting a table look-up method according to the calculation result and the frequency correspondence table, and obtains an instantaneous frequency measurement result.
Specifically, the signal processor receives a first response valueDivided by the second response value->Obtain the value +.>According to the value->Searching in a frequency corresponding table to uniquely determine the frequency of the microwave signal to be detected。
In the above-mentioned instantaneous frequency measurement method based on the reed-burg atom, the method includes: constructing a frequency measurement structure of a double-channel Redberg atomic state, wherein the frequency measurement structure comprises two Redberg atomic gas chambers which are closely arranged and have different excited states, a first photoelectric detector, a second photoelectric detector, a data acquisition module and a signal processor; irradiating the two Redberg atom air chambers with laser with specific wavelength to excite the atoms in the two Redberg atom air chambers to a Redberg state; the microwave signal to be detected passes through a first Redberg atomic gas chamber, and a first response value is obtained by detecting the change of the detected light intensity irradiated to a first photoelectric detector; meanwhile, a microwave signal to be detected passes through a second Redberg atomic gas chamber, and a second response value is obtained by detecting the change of the detected light intensity irradiated to a second photoelectric detector; the data acquisition module is used for respectively acquiring a first response value and a second response value and transmitting the first response value and the second response value to the signal processor; the signal processor performs frequency calculation according to the first response value and the second response value, and obtains an instantaneous frequency measurement result by adopting a table look-up method according to the calculation result and the frequency correspondence table. The method can realize the amplitude-frequency decoupling of the unknown signals and has the instant frequency measurement capability.
In one embodiment, the laser includes: probe light and coupled light; the two Redburg atomic gas chambers in the step 100 are the atomic gas chambers calibrated a priori; the specific steps of the priori calibration include: fixing the detection light frequency, scanning the coupling light frequency, and when a microwave signal frequency meets a certain energy level transition condition, obtaining an EIT spectral line of the detection light, and locking the coupling light frequency at an EIT peak value; and respectively applying known microwave signals with fixed amplitude and different frequencies to the two atomic air chambers, testing and recording output values of the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector, and respectively establishing response databases so that the atomic air chambers have priori output calibration on the microwave signals with different frequencies in an observation frequency band.
Specifically, the detection light frequency is fixed, the coupling light frequency is scanned, when a microwave signal frequency exists and meets a certain energy level transition condition, a peak of the detection light occurs due to the EIT effect, namely the EIT spectral line of the detection light, and the coupling light frequency is locked at the EIT peak.
The first and second Redberg atomic air chambers are closely arranged, known microwave signals with fixed amplitude and different frequencies are respectively applied to the two Redberg atomic air chambers, output values of the two photoelectric detectors are tested and recorded, and response databases are respectively established, so that the atomic air chambers have priori output calibration on the microwave signals with different frequencies in an observation frequency band.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the frequency response of the polarization ratios corresponding to the Redberg states employed by two Redberg atomic chambers of the present application, with the frequency measurement range selected from the X-band (8 GHz-12 GHz) used for typical radar signals. The polarization rate curve of the two Lidberg states is smooth and monotonous by carefully selecting the two Lidberg states. The figure shows that the polarizability of the two atomic air chambers in the frequency band has monotonicity, and meanwhile, the polarizability values of the two atomic air chambers are not overlapped and have different slopes, so that the difference of the polarizability of the two atomic air chambers and the polarizability of the two atomic air chambers is better ensured.
In one embodiment, the step of establishing the frequency correspondence table in step 106 includes: establishing a frequency and photoelectric detector response relation table for the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector respectively; at the same frequencyNext, the response value of the first photoelectric detector is executed by the signal processor +.>Divided by the response value of the second photodetector +.>Recording the value +.>And (3) circularly operating for multiple times to obtain multiple groups of recorded values, and storing the multiple groups of recorded values as a frequency corresponding table.
Specifically, FIG. 4 shows the ratio of the polarization ratios of the Redberg states adopted by two Redberg atomic gas chambers, and by obtaining two polarization curves shown in FIG. 3, a frequency and photodetector response relationship table is respectively established, and the frequency is the sameNext, the response value of the first photo detector is performed +.>Divided by the response value of the second photodetector +.>Recording the value +.>And the memory is a frequency corresponding table.
In one embodiment, step 106 includes: the signal processor performs a calculation operation of dividing the first response value by the second response value to obtain a recorded valueThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to technical values->A comparison inquiry is carried out in a frequency correspondence table, and the microwave signal frequency is uniquely determined>And obtaining an instantaneous frequency measurement result.
In one embodiment, the laser intensities in the two reed burg atomic gas chambers in step 100 are:
；
wherein ,for the laser intensity variation of the first Redberg atomic gas cell, < >>For the laser intensity variation of the second Redberg atomic gas cell, < >>The first Redberg atom polarization in a particular excited state, which is related to the frequency of the microwave field to be measured>Function of->Is the second reed-burg atomic polarization of a particular excited state,Eis the microwave field to be measuredThe electric field strength.
In one embodiment, the laser used for the excitation of the two reed-burg atomic plenums is the same set of laser systems, wherein the coupled light used for the excitation of the first reed-burg atomic plenums is wavelength shifted by an acousto-optic modulator.
It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowchart of fig. 1 are shown in sequence as indicated by the arrows, the steps are not necessarily performed in sequence as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not strictly limited to the order of execution unless explicitly recited herein, and the steps may be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some of the steps in fig. 1 may include multiple sub-steps or stages that are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, nor do the order in which the sub-steps or stages are performed necessarily performed in sequence, but may be performed alternately or alternately with at least a portion of other steps or sub-steps of other steps.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, there is provided a instantaneous frequency measurement system based on a reed-burg atom, the system comprising: the device comprises a Redberg atom gas chamber 1, a Redberg atom gas chamber 2, a first photoelectric detector 5, a second photoelectric detector 6, a data acquisition module 7, a signal processor 8, wherein the Redberg atom gas chamber 1 and the Redberg atom gas chamber 2 are tightly arranged and have different excited states.
The Redberg atomic gas chamber 1 is in optical path connection with the first photoelectric detector 5, the Redberg atomic gas chamber 2 is in optical path connection with the second photoelectric detector 6, the first photoelectric detector 5 and the second photoelectric detector 6 are in optical path connection with the data acquisition module 7, and the data acquisition module 7 is in optical path connection with the signal processor 8.
The two reed-burg atomic air chambers are respectively used for receiving two beams of microwave signals to be detected, and exciting atoms in the atomic air chambers to a first reed-burg state and a second reed-burg state, and then the microwave signals to be detected comprise: probe light and coupled light. The two Redberg atomic air chambers are used for receiving microwave signals to be detected; exciting atoms in the atomic gas chamber to a first Redberg state and a second Redberg state by using two laser beams with different wavelengths respectively; the detection light emitted from the two atomic air chambers is respectively irradiated to the first photoelectric detector 5 and the second photoelectric detector 6; the laser includes: probe light and coupled light;
the first photodetector 5 is configured to detect the laser intensity of the probe light after passing through the reed burg atom chamber 1, and obtain a first response value.
And the second photodetector 6 is used for detecting the laser intensity of the detection light passing through the Redberg atomic gas chamber 2 to obtain a second response value.
The data acquisition module 7 is configured to acquire a first response value and a second response value, and transmit the first response value and the second response value to the signal processor 8.
The signal processor 8 is configured to perform frequency calculation according to the first response value and the second response value, and perform frequency instantaneous measurement of the microwave signal to be measured by using a table look-up method according to the calculation result and the frequency correspondence table, so as to obtain an instantaneous frequency measurement result.
When the microwave signals to be measured are transmitted to the two Redberg atomic air chambers, the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the microwave signals reaching the two atomic air chambers can be considered to be the same because the air chambers are small in size and are closely arranged. Because the frequency bandwidth of the Redberg atomic resonance is narrow, for the wide spectrum frequency measurement requirement, the default frequency to be measured is the detuned frequency. At the detuning, the laser intensity variation in the atomic gas chamber satisfies the formula:, wherein />Is the polarization of the Redberg atoms in a particular excited state, which is related to the frequency of the microwave field to be measured>Is a function of (a) and (b),Eis the electric field strength of the microwave field to be measured. Because the two atomic air chambers have different excited states and have different amplitude and frequency responses to the same microwave signal, namely the two atomic air chambers have different curve distribution for the polarizability of the same microwave frequency, the laser intensity in the two atomic air chambers is dividedIs otherwise defined as。
When microwave signals in an observation frequency band are irradiated to two Redberg atomic air chambers, different response values appear in the first photoelectric detector 5 and the second photoelectric detector 6, the two values are sent to the signal processor 8 for division operation after being sampled by the data acquisition module 7, the obtained ratio is compared and retrieved in the pre-verification database, corresponding frequencies are output, and frequency measurement is completed.
In one embodiment, the two reed burg atomic gas chambers are glass structures with closed structures, and are used for filling alkali metal atomic gas, and probe light and coupling light are input into the atomic gas chambers through optical fiber coupling, and the alkali metal atomic laser irradiates and then transits to the reed burg state. The two Redberg atomic air chambers are the atomic air chambers after priori calibration; the specific steps of the priori calibration include: fixing the detection light frequency, scanning the coupling light frequency, and when a microwave signal frequency meets a certain energy level transition condition, obtaining an EIT spectral line of the detection light, and locking the coupling light frequency at an EIT peak value; and respectively applying known microwave signals with fixed amplitude and different frequencies to the two atomic air chambers, testing and recording output values of the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector, and respectively establishing response databases so that the atomic air chambers have priori output calibration on the microwave signals with different frequencies in an observation frequency band.
Specifically, preferably, the alkali metal atoms are Cs atoms, and the wavelength of the two excitation light beams of the Cs atom gas cell is in the vicinity of 852 nm and 509 nm. The laser wavelengths used by the two atomic air chambers are different, so that the excited states are different, the responses to the same microwave signal are different, and the laser wavelengths are custom designed according to the requirements of the detection frequency range. The laser wavelength output used by two atomic air chambers can use the same laser system, wherein the laser used by one atomic air chamber for excitation is subjected to wavelength shift through an acousto-optic modulator.
In one embodiment, a signal processor is configured to perform a calculation of the first response value divided by the second response value,obtaining the recorded valueThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to technical values->A comparison inquiry is carried out in a frequency correspondence table, and the microwave signal frequency is uniquely determined>Obtaining an instantaneous frequency measurement result; the frequency correspondence table establishing step includes: establishing a frequency and photoelectric detector response relation table for the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector respectively; at the same frequency +.>Next, the response value of the first photoelectric detector is executed by the signal processor +.>Divided by the response of the second photodetectorRecording the value +.>And (3) circularly operating for multiple times to obtain multiple groups of recorded values, and storing the multiple groups of recorded values as a frequency corresponding table.
In one embodiment, the system further comprises: a laser system 3 and an acousto-optic modulator 4; the laser system 3 is configured to generate detection light and coupling light with different wavelengths, and divide the detection light and the coupling light into two beams of detection light and coupling light with the same intensity through a laser beam splitter, where the two beams of detection light are respectively input into a first reed-burg atomic gas chamber and a second reed-burg atomic gas chamber, the first beam of coupling light is input into the first reed-burg atomic gas chamber, and the second beam of coupling light is input into the second reed-burg atomic gas chamber after wavelength shift is performed through the acousto-optic modulator 4.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the application, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application. Accordingly, the scope of the application should be assessed as that of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for instantaneous frequency measurement based on a reed-burg atom, the method comprising:
constructing a dual-channel Redberg atomic state frequency measurement structure; the frequency measurement structure comprises two Redberg atom air chambers which are closely arranged and have different excited states, a first photoelectric detector, a second photoelectric detector, a data acquisition module and a signal processor;
irradiating the two Redberg atom air chambers with laser with specific wavelength to excite the atoms in the two Redberg atom air chambers to a Redberg state; the microwave signal to be detected passes through a first Redberg atomic gas chamber, and a first response value is obtained by detecting the change of the detected light intensity irradiated to a first photoelectric detector; meanwhile, a microwave signal to be detected passes through a second Redberg atomic gas chamber, and a second response value is obtained by detecting the change of the detected light intensity irradiated to a second photoelectric detector;
the data acquisition module is used for respectively acquiring the first response value and the second response value and transmitting the first response value and the second response value to the signal processor;
the signal processor performs frequency calculation according to the first response value and the second response value, performs frequency instantaneous measurement of the microwave signal to be measured by adopting a table look-up method according to a calculation result and a frequency correspondence table, and obtains an instantaneous frequency measurement result;
the signal processor performs frequency calculation according to the first response value and the second response value, performs frequency instantaneous measurement of the microwave signal to be measured by adopting a table look-up method according to a calculation result and a frequency correspondence table, and obtains an instantaneous frequency measurement result, and comprises the following steps:
the signal processor performs a calculation operation of dividing the first response value by the second response value to obtain a recorded value；
According to recorded valuesA comparison inquiry is carried out in a frequency correspondence table, and the microwave signal frequency is uniquely determined>And obtaining an instantaneous frequency measurement result.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the laser comprises: probe light and coupled light; the two Redburg atomic air chambers are the atomic air chambers after priori calibration; the specific steps of the priori calibration include:
fixing the detection light frequency, scanning the coupling light frequency, and when a microwave signal frequency meets a certain energy level transition condition, obtaining an EIT spectral line of the detection light, and locking the coupling light frequency at an EIT peak value;
and respectively applying known microwave signals with fixed amplitude and different frequencies to the two atomic air chambers, testing and recording output values of the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector, and respectively establishing response databases so that the atomic air chambers have priori output calibration on the microwave signals with different frequencies in an observation frequency band.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal processor performs frequency calculation according to the first response value and the second response value, performs instantaneous measurement of the frequency of the microwave signal to be measured by using a table look-up method according to the calculation result and a frequency correspondence table, and obtains an instantaneous frequency measurement result, and the step of establishing the frequency correspondence table includes:
establishing a frequency and photoelectric detector response relation table for the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector respectively;
at the same frequencyNext, executing the response value +.f. of the first photoelectric detector by using the signal processor>Divided by the response value of said second photodetector +.>Recording the value +.>And (3) circularly operating for multiple times to obtain multiple groups of recorded values, and storing the multiple groups of recorded values as a frequency corresponding table.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the laser intensity variations in the two reed burg atomic gas chambers are respectively:
，
wherein ,for the detected light intensity variation of the first Redberg atomic gas cell, < >>For the second Redberg atomic chamber, the detected light intensity variation, < >>Is the first Redberg atom polarization of a particular excited stateThe rate, which is related to the frequency of the microwave field to be measured +.>Function of->Is the second reed-burg atomic polarization of a particular excited state,Eis the electric field strength of the microwave field to be measured.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the laser used for exciting the two reed burg atomic gas chambers adopts a same laser system, the laser system is used for generating detection light and coupling light with different wavelengths, the detection light and the coupling light are respectively divided into two beams of detection light and coupling light with the same intensity by a laser beam splitter, the two beams of detection light are respectively input into a first reed burg atomic gas chamber and a second reed burg atomic gas chamber, the first beam of coupling light is input into the first reed burg atomic gas chamber, and the second beam of coupling light is input into the second reed burg atomic gas chamber after the wavelength deviation is carried out by an acousto-optic modulator.
6. The instantaneous frequency measurement system based on the Redberg atoms is characterized by comprising two Redberg atom air chambers which are closely arranged and have different excitation states, a first photoelectric detector, a second photoelectric detector, a data acquisition module and a signal processor;
the first Redberg atomic gas chamber is connected with the first photoelectric detector light path, the second Redberg atomic gas chamber is connected with the second photoelectric detector light path, the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector are connected with the data acquisition module, and the data acquisition module is connected with the signal processor;
the two Redburg atomic air chambers are used for receiving two microwave signals to be detected; respectively exciting atoms in the two Redberg atom air chambers to a first Redberg state and a second Redberg state by using two laser beams with different wavelengths; the laser includes: probe light and coupled light;
the first photoelectric detector is used for detecting the laser intensity of the detection light passing through the first Redberg atomic gas chamber to obtain a first response value;
the second photoelectric detector is used for detecting the laser intensity of the detection light passing through the second Redberg atomic gas chamber to obtain a second response value;
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring the first response value and the second response value and transmitting the first response value and the second response value to the signal processor;
the signal processor is used for carrying out frequency calculation according to the first response value and the second response value, carrying out frequency instantaneous measurement of the microwave signal to be measured by adopting a table look-up method according to a calculation result and a frequency correspondence table, and obtaining an instantaneous frequency measurement result;
wherein the signal processor is further configured to perform a calculation operation of dividing the first response value by the second response value to obtain a recorded valueThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to the recorded value->A comparison inquiry is carried out in a frequency correspondence table, and the microwave signal frequency is uniquely determined>And obtaining an instantaneous frequency measurement result.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein two of the reed burg atomic gas chambers are glass structures of closed structures for filling alkali metal atomic gas, probe light and coupling light are input into the interior of the atomic gas chambers through optical fiber coupling, and alkali metal atoms are transited to a reed burg state after being irradiated by laser light;
the two Redburg atomic air chambers are the atomic air chambers after priori calibration; the specific steps of the priori calibration include:
fixing the detection light frequency, scanning the coupling light frequency, and when a microwave signal frequency meets a certain energy level transition condition, obtaining an EIT spectral line of the detection light, and locking the coupling light frequency at an EIT peak value;
and respectively applying known microwave signals with fixed amplitude and different frequencies to the two atomic air chambers, testing and recording output values of the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector, and respectively establishing response databases so that the atomic air chambers have priori output calibration on the microwave signals with different frequencies in an observation frequency band.
8. The system of claim 6, wherein the step of establishing the frequency correspondence table comprises: establishing a frequency and photoelectric detector response relation table for the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector respectively; at the same frequencyNext, executing the response value +.f. of the first photoelectric detector by using the signal processor>Divided by the response value of said second photodetector +.>Recording the value +.>And (3) circularly operating for multiple times to obtain multiple groups of recorded values, and storing the multiple groups of recorded values as a frequency corresponding table.
9. The system of claim 6, wherein the system further comprises: a laser system, a laser beam splitter and an acousto-optic modulator;
the laser system is used for generating detection light and coupling light with different wavelengths, the detection light and the coupling light are respectively divided into two beams of detection light and coupling light with the same intensity through a laser beam splitter, the two beams of detection light are respectively input into a first reed-burg atomic air chamber and a second reed-burg atomic air chamber, the first beam of coupling light is input into the first reed-burg atomic air chamber, and the second beam of coupling light is input into the second reed-burg atomic air chamber after wavelength deviation is carried out through the acousto-optic modulator.
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