CN109142891A - Antenna near-field test probe and method based on Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect - Google Patents
Antenna near-field test probe and method based on Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
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- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
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- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical group [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/10—Radiation diagrams of antennas
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0864—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by constructional or functional features
- G01R29/0878—Sensors; antennas; probes; detectors
- G01R29/0885—Sensors; antennas; probes; detectors using optical probes, e.g. electro-optical, luminescent, glow discharge, or optical interferometers
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Abstract
The invention discloses antenna near-field test probes and method based on Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect.The near-field test of Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna can be completed using the present invention.The present invention is tested as antenna near-field using the atomic air chamber that Rydberg states atom quantum coherence effect has occurred and is popped one's head in, the probe have the characteristics that not need error correction, high sensitivity, treat survey Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna disturbance it is small, can disposably measure the electromagnetic field within the scope of 1-500GHz；In addition, being tested using linear transducer array disclosed by the invention, it is expected to no longer need accurate probe spacescan mechanical system, can be effectively reduced testing cost, improves testing efficiency；In addition, being tested using the combined probe disclosed by the invention for increasing phase probe Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna, test process can be simplified, improve testing efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to antenna near-field testing fields, and in particular to the antenna based on Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect is close
Field test probe and method.
Background technique
In antenna near-field test, the effect of probe (Probe) is to receive in each predetermined near field site as sensor
The electromagnetic energy of (either radiating) aerial radiation to be measured (or reception), that is, serve as electromagnetic near field sensor (Sensor).
Optimal probe certainly without frequency response characteristic, direction-free ideal point source, but in practical applications this
Kind probe is impossible existing, and can be used as probe is substantially serial electronically small antenna.Due to being used as the antenna of probe in frequency
The ability of all angles radiation or reception electromagnetic wave is different (general probe on each Frequency point, in airspace in domain
Frequency response and the description of probe orientation figure), it is equivalent to and a kind of unexpected modulation added to radiation or received electromagnetic energy,
To cannot really reflect the electromagnetic field of antenna to be measured.Although having a series of probe compensation theoretical and technology,
It must be observed that all there are a series of incomplete solutions no matter using which kind of existing probe.Have in summary following several
A aspect:
It needs to carry out probe amendment.Second, probe can generate disturbance to field to be measured, no matter which kind of probe antenna be used, by
In there are metal structures, the electromagnetic field for inherently treating the formation of observation line generates disturbance, and can have antenna to be measured and probe day
Multipath reflection signal between line.The sensitivity of third, probe is lower.It pops one's head in due to using electric small-size, directionality is weak,
Gain is low, and probe need to leave three to five times of wavelength of Antenna aperture to be measured in test, and probe is caused to receive the letter of (or radiation)
Number faint, signal-to-noise ratio is not high, and to test result precision, there are larger impacts, especially to test Sidelobe, ultra low sidelobe antenna
It is even more so.4th, need the scanning probe machinery system of complex precise.In order to make the electricity formed in antenna to be measured of popping one's head in
Near field range is accurately positioned and traversed in the near field of magnetic field, generally require at least can four-dimensional precision positioning and movement sampling stand system
And corresponding control and feedback system.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides the antenna near-fields based on Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect to test probe and side
Method can complete the near-field test of Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna, and probe, which has, not to be needed error correction, high sensitivity, treats survey antenna electric
The small feature of the disturbance in magnetic field, test method effectively increase the precision of measurement.
Antenna near-field provided by the invention based on Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect tests probe, and the probe includes
At least one contact unit, the contact unit include alkali metal atom air chamber, and alkali metal atom air chamber has light transmission passage；Through
Detection light and coupling light are injected by light transmission passage, alkali metal atom is energized into Rydberg states.
Further, the contact unit further comprises optical fiber and fiber coupler, by fiber coupler by alkali metal
The light transmission passage of atomic air chamber is connect with fiber coupling.
Further, alkali metal atom air chamber is made by ultrahigh vacuum quartz atomic air chamber technique in the probe；Institute
Stating alkali metal atom is rubidium atom or Cs atom.
Further, the contact unit further comprises phase probe.
Further, the quantity of the contact unit is to constitute antenna near-field more than or equal to 2 and test linear transducer array.
The present invention also provides the antenna near-field test methods based on Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect, use the present invention
The antenna near-field test probe based on Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect provided measures Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna, antenna electric
Field strength measurement includes the following steps:
Step 1: two tuned lasers generate respectively detection light and coupling light, via the probe light transmission passage into
Enter alkali metal atom air chamber, alkali metal atom is energized into Rydberg states；The wavelength for wherein detecting light is greater than the wavelength of coupling light；
Step 2: by being placed in Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna to be measured in the probes of Rydberg states, detect the transmission peaks of light by
One originally is split into two, measures the distance between two transmission peaks, and Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna electric field strength can be calculated.
Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna phase measurement: the alkali metal atom in Rydberg states is applied via the light transmission passage of the probe
Ps Laser Pulse is added to be excited to ionized state, the ionization signal for measuring alkali metal atom is to be measured relative to Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna
The time delay function of frequency point, then time delay is converted to the phase of Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna to be measured, the Ps Laser Pulse
Centre frequency is greater than the ionization limit frequency of the alkali metal atom in Rydberg states.
Further, Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna phase is measured using the phase probe being arranged on the outside of contact unit.
Further, area antennas electromagnetic field is tested using the linear transducer array being made of multiple contact units, is visited
It surveys light and coupling light carries out row and column scanning respectively, the contact unit at two beam laser crossing points is excited to Rydberg states simultaneously
Test is completed, until the test for completing all contact units.
Further, when being tested using the linear transducer array being made of multiple contact units area antennas electromagnetic field,
Strobe unit is arranged as the transmission channel of detection light and coupling light in optical fiber to be connected to light transmission passage between light source and optical fiber
It constitutes the gateable multiport of multichannel and motivates array；By multiport motivate array control so that detection light and coupling light according to
Scanning sequence motivates the contact unit to reach Rydberg states one by one and completes to test, until completing the test of all contact units
Until.
The utility model has the advantages that
(1) present invention is tested using the atomic air chamber that Rydberg states atom quantum coherence effect has occurred as antenna near-field
Probe has the advantage that firstly, without carrying out probe amendment.Due to having directlyed adopt Rydberg states atom quantum coherent effect
It answers, is equivalent to and constructs no frequency response characteristic and direction-free ideal probe, treat the electromagnetic field near field of observation line formation
The test in Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna near field will not very directly, accurately will draw test gained signal near field sampling point in range
Enter the modulation of self-characteristic of popping one's head in, thus will not need to carry out the most important error correction-probe compensation of near-field test.The
Two, it pops one's head in very small to the disturbance of field to be measured, there is no the multipath reflections between antenna to be measured and probe.Due to being placed in field to be measured
In atomic air chamber be generally Conventional glass material, such as Pyrex, volume very little, wall are very thin, its presence is for observation
The morphogenetic disturbance very little of line emitting shape, it is to be measured even if probe sampling face to be placed in the position of relatively Antenna aperture to be measured
Multipath reflection between antenna and probe also can be ignored, and can be formed detect close to ideal without ' damage ' in this way.Third, probe
Sensitivity it is very high.Due to electromagnetically induced transparent (EIT) and Autler-Townes cleavage effect (EIT-AT effect), this spy
Head directly depends on Rabi frequency and transition matrix element to the order of accuarcy of field strength measurement to be measured, and the two is accurately to measure
With calculating so that the sensitivity and precision to field strength calibration are much higher than current technological means, sensitivity is very high, resolution ratio very
Height, thus it is highly beneficial to test Sidelobe, ultra low sidelobe antenna minor lobe, low zero deep and other weak electromagnetics field.4th, it utilizes
Linear transducer array is expected to no longer need accurate probe spacescan mechanical system.5th, it is popped one's head in using this kind, it can be disposable
Measure the electromagnetic field within the scope of 1-500GHz.
(2) it is had the advantage that as the transmission channel of detection light and coupling light firstly, being injected by optical fiber and is visited using optical fiber
Survey light and coupling light, can effectively avoid detection light and couple generated when light is injected from space the effects such as block and decay.In addition,
, can be mobile with scanning probe since optical fiber itself has flexibility in the use process of probe, it also can according to need big angle
The adjustment input direction of degree, to guarantee to detect light in scanning process and couple being efficiently injected into for light.
(3) in a preferred embodiment, Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna is surveyed using the combined probe for increasing phase probe
Examination can simplify test process, improve testing efficiency.
(4) in a preferred embodiment, it is visited using by being greater than or equal to the antenna near-field test that 2 contact units are constituted
Head array tests Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna, can be effectively reduced testing cost, improves testing efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the antenna near-field of the invention based on Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect tests probe model.
Fig. 2 is single probe sweeping scheme of the invention.
Fig. 3 is linear transducer array model schematic of the invention.
Fig. 4 is linear transducer array sweeping scheme schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 5 is combined probe model of the invention.
Wherein, 1- alkali metal atom air chamber, 2- fiber coupler, 3- optical fiber, 4- contact unit, 5- phase probe.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
It is substantially former the present invention provides antenna near-field test probe and method based on Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect
Reason is, alkali metal atom is energized into Rydberg states using detection light and coupling light, with Rydberg states atom quantum phase has occurred
The alkali metal atom air chamber of dry effect is as antenna near-field test probe (based on antenna emission state to be measured is tested).For atom
For, highly excited level refers to that the outer-shell electron in atom is excited to the very big quantum state of Principal quantum number n, also referred to as high quantum
State is known as Rydberg (Rydberg) atom, that is to say, that inner when only one outer-shell electron is excited to high quantum state
Moral fort atom refers to that only one outer-shell electron is in the weird atom of high quantum state, corresponding with ground state, at this time the shape of atom
State is known as Rydberg states.Compared with ground state atom, the Rydberg atom in high quantum state have outer-shell electron orbit radius it is big,
Level spacing is small, polarizability is high, be easy by electric field ionization, natural life-span is long the features such as.Therefore, former using Rydberg states have occurred
The atomic air chamber of sub- quantum coherence effect, will be from root as antenna near-field test probe (based on antenna emission state to be measured is tested)
Solve the problems, such as that aforementioned antenna near-field test probe is related in sheet.
There are three types of usage modes for the probe, that is, are used alone, are combined into combined probe use with phase probe, by multiple spies
Head constitutes linear transducer array and uses.
Embodiment 1:
In the present embodiment, Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna near field is tested using the probe comprising a contact unit.
Include a contact unit, the contact unit using probe in the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, including alkali metal
Atomic air chamber, fiber coupler and optical fiber, alkali metal atom air chamber have light transmission passage, by fiber coupler by optical fiber and probe
The light transmission passage of unit is of coupled connections, and injects detection light and coupling light via optical fiber and alkali metal atom is energized into Rydberg states,
The inductor of probe is the atom for being in Rydberg states.Wherein, alkali metal atom air chamber is by ultrahigh vacuum quartz atom gas
The production of room technique, is closed in alkali metal atom therein based on rubidium atom, Cs atom, as long as other kinds of alkali metal atom
It can satisfy certain air chamber pressure under certain condition, can also be used as the ground atom of excitation Rydberg states.Via optical fiber
The detection light and coupling light of injection are generated by tuned laser, and the wavelength for detecting light is greater than the wavelength of coupling light.
In practical application, detection light and coupling light can be injected via two optical fiber respectively.In addition, due to detection light and
Couple light irradiation alkali metal atom time order and function it is not strictly necessary that, detection light and coupling light can also be via an optical fiber
It is injected into alkali metal atom air chamber.In order to improve the sensitivity of test process, optical detector can also be via optical fiber observing alkali
Metallic atom gas chamber, at this moment, the light transmission passage that three optical fiber and alkali metal atom air chamber can be set connect simultaneously.In addition, by
There are the limiting factors such as place in test process, needs to inject detection light and coupling from the one or both sides of probe unit
Light, at this moment due to flexibility possessed by optical fiber itself, so that it may sufficiently meet the adjustment requirement of light injection direction, to protect
Light is detected in card scanning process and couples being efficiently injected into for light.
Using the scanning of the antenna near-field test probe comprising single probe unit, it is referred to typical near-field test probe
Scanning mode be scanned.It drives probe to carry out two dimension in Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna near field range to be measured by sampling stand system to sweep
It retouches, it can laterally turn back scanning or longitudinal scanning of turning back, as shown in Figure 2.At this moment, probe injects detection light and coupling by optical fiber
Light, mechanical scan arrangement drive atomic air chamber to scan together with optical fiber., can be mobile with scanning probe due to the flexibility of optical fiber,
It can guarantee detection light during the scanning process and couple being efficiently injected into for light.
Test process includes: that alkali metal atom (is energized into Rydberg states, probe is made to meet test-strips by probe initialization
Part), Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna field strength measurement, Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna phase measurement.
Probe initialization: including step 1~step 4.
Step 1: preparing atomic air chamber, inside fills saturation gaseous state alkali metal atom (rubidium or caesium).In no any external excitation
Under, the alkali metal atom in atomic air chamber is in ground state, and energy level transition does not occur for electron outside nucleus.
Step 2: according to the quantum theory of laser field and nonlinear dielectric interaction, photograph is generated using tuned laser
The light beam on atomic air chamber is penetrated, referred to as detection light (Probe Laser), generation acts on part of atoms in atomic air chamber
On feeble field.Part of atoms is become into first excited state from ground state.
Step 3: on this basis, the second beam light being radiated on atomic air chamber is generated using another tuned laser,
Light (Coupling Laser) referred to as is coupled, generates the high field acted on two beam laser crossing point atoms.By part of atoms by
One excitation state becomes Second Excited State, into high quantum state (i.e. Rydberg states), forms three-lever system.Simultaneously in the first excitation
Lapie (Rabi) oscillation is formed between state and Second Excited State, so that atomicity of the population on the two energy levels is periodically handed over
For distribution.Since the weak light different, that tuned frequency is different of this two beam intensity generate resonance on two relevant transition energy levels respectively,
This quantum interference is formed transparent (the Electromagnetically Induced of stepped electromagnetically induced
Transparency-EIT), so that coupling occurs for probe field of the medium not with detection light, the suction for this frequency
Coefficient to be received to change, transmitance increases the light for not reabsorbing this frequency even, and absorption line disappears in resonance frequency point, so that
Dark-state is generated at the corresponding tuned frequency of detection light, has been completed excitation at this time.
Step 4: excited state is detected: changes the frequency of detection light, while detected detection optical transition and absorbing light
Spectrum, the variation that can both obtain transmission spectral line relative to off-resonance frequency (difference of detection light frequency and energy level transition eigenfrequency) are bent
Line.Due to EIT effect, absorption line disappears in resonance frequency point and transmits spectral line and reach maximum value.At this point it is possible to illustrate atom
Alkali metal atom in gas chamber has reached Rydberg states, and probe has met test condition.
Following step five completes Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna field strength measurement:
Step 5: probe is placed in Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna near field to be measured, Rydberg atom is by antenna to be measured in atomic air chamber
The effect of electromagnetic field will occur the transition to four-level, and generate Rabbe's test between the third and fourth energy level.Due to day
The introducing of line electromagnetic field destroys the balance of original EIT three-lever system.At this moment atomic state dependent on the time probability amplitude with
Time change shows energy shifted, thus ' modification ' energy state structure of atomic interior, i.e. the third and fourth energy level is respectively
' dressed state ' (the Dressed State) different to two.Since there are two different dressed states for third energy level, originally
EIT transmitted spectrum is split into two, and this effect is known as ' Autler-Townes (AT) splitting '.At this moment, then step 4 is carried out
The same detection light frequency scanning, detection detection optical transition absorption spectrum detect the transmission peaks of light on frequency spectrograph by original
One come is split into two, measures the distance between two transmission peaks, according to AT splitting theory, between two transmission peaks away from
From the Rabi frequency Ω between the third and fourth energy level caused by as electromagnetism electric fieldMW, meet:
μ in formulaMWFor transition electric dipole moment, | E | it is electric field strength,For Planck's constant.
Accurate measurement Rabbe's test frequency omega is only needed according to this formulaMWWith transition electric dipole moment μMW, so that it may it is accurate
Calculate the field strength of Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna.So, after measuring the distance between detection two transmission peaks of light, as Rabi frequency
ΩMW, substitute into above-mentioned formula you can get it Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna electric field strength.
Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna phase measurement is carried out below with step 6.
Step 6: using measurement field ionization signal, the phase of electromagnetic field to be measured can be obtained indirectly.By in Rydberg
The alkali metal atom air chamber of state applies a Ps Laser Pulse, and the centre frequency of Ps Laser Pulse is more than Rydberg atom
Ionization limit frequency.Therefore, alkali metal atom is excited the energy to more than ionization limit by Ps Laser Pulse.Due to ion from
Electromagnetic field obtains or loses the phase of electromagnetic field when energy depends primarily on Ps Laser Pulse excitation.At this point, measurement alkali metal
The ionization signal of atom obtains field ionization signal as Ps Laser Pulse relative to Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna to be measured at frequency point to be measured
The function of time delay, then time delay is converted to the phase of electromagnetic field to be measured, just obtain field ionization signal and electromagnetism to be measured
Relationship between field phase also just obtains the phase of electromagnetic field to be measured indirectly.
Detection light and coupling light are injected using optical fiber, can effectively avoid existing when detection light and coupling light are injected from space
The effects such as block and decay.In addition, in practice, since alkali metal atom air chamber is generally Conventional glass material, light transmittance is high,
Accordingly it is also possible to which the shell for directlying adopt alkali metal atom air chamber injects detection light and coupling light as light transmission passage.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment increases phase probe on the basis of the contact unit of embodiment 1.
Antenna near-field based on Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect tests combined probe, as shown in figure 5, including embodiment
Contact unit and phase probe in 1, phase probe are stretched out inner conductor by semi-rigid coaxial line end and are constituted, i.e. semi-rigid coaxial line
Inner conductor is placed in outside atomic air chamber from the stretching of one end of half steel coaxial line, phase probe, can fit in the outer of atomic air chamber
Prolong.
The initialization procedure and electromagnetic field field strength measurement method of combined probe are initialized with probe described in embodiment 1
It is consistent with electromagnetic field field strength measurement method.Unlike, when measuring phase, using phase probe precise measurement Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna
In each sampled point phase.
Embodiment 3:
The present embodiment constructs array using contact unit.The contact unit can be the contact unit in embodiment 1, can also
To be the combined probe in embodiment 2.
Antenna near-field based on Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect tests linear transducer array, as shown in figure 3, by multiple probes
Unit calculates Probe arrangement spacing according to nyquist sampling law, constitutes antenna near-field and tests linear transducer array.Since probe is single
The outer dimension of member can be made small, therefore can construct the linear transducer array that one is made of small contact unit and be used as to two
The image of dimension space electric field intensity inside high.It is functionally equivalent to an electromagnetic field intensity camera, similar to light imaging field
Ccd array.Single probe unit is smaller, and the more close then measurable frequency range of periodic arrangement is wider.For example, being adopted according to Nyquist
Sample law, the linear transducer array that the interval 5mm period arranges, can theoretically acquire the electric field signal of 1-30GHz.
When carrying out electromagnetic field test using the linear transducer array, it is close this linear transducer array can be placed in Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna to be measured
Field suitable position has the following two kinds in the way of linear transducer array test electromagnetic field:
Mode one, detection light, coupling light and optical detector are generally aligned in the same plane, and linear transducer array is located under the plane
Side carries out row and column scanning by detection light and coupling light, as shown in Figure 4 respectively.Specific test process is that detection light moves left and right
Complete row scan, coupling light, which moves up and down, completes column scan, rises in the contact unit of the point of intersection of two beam laser, corresponding position
To source plane, the outer wall of two beam laser light atomic air chambers irradiates alkali metal atom, make part of alkali metal atom by
Excitation enters Rydberg states, has test condition, complete by the transmitted light of the optical detector detection probe unit moved up and down
The test of the field strength and phase of the pairs of contact unit present position.Then, laser scanning is to next sampled point, repeat more than
Operation, until the test for completing all sampled points.
Mode two, by the input optical fibre parallel connection of contact unit each in linear transducer array access multichannel can strobe unit, then will be more
Road can strobe unit connect with tuned laser, constitute multiport and motivate array, according to scanning sequence incentive probe unit one by one, and
Complete the test of the field strength and phase of the contact unit present position, then, laser scanning to next sampled point, repeat more than
Operation, until the test for completing all sampled points.
In the present embodiment, the contact unit that mode one uses is logical as light transmission using the shell of alkali metal atom air chamber
Road injection detection light and coupling light, the contact unit are also possible to increase the contact unit of phase probe；What mode two used
Contact unit, for using optical fiber injection detection light and coupling light, which is also possible to increase the probe of phase probe
Unit.
Using the antenna near-field test method of linear transducer array, it is expected to that tradition probe mechanical scanning optical scanning will be replaced with,
Revolutionary improvement will occur for its system cost and efficiency.In addition, the antenna based on Rydberg states atom quantum coherence effect is close
Test probe in field can also serve such as electro magnetic scattering and imaging test, antenna house test, complex platform antenna beam direction
The wide application fields such as test, electronic interferences and confrontation test.
In conclusion the above is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, being not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in of the invention
Within protection scope.
Claims (10)
1. the antenna near-field based on Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect tests probe, which is characterized in that the probe includes extremely
A few contact unit, the contact unit include alkali metal atom air chamber, and alkali metal atom air chamber has light transmission passage；Via
Alkali metal atom is energized into Rydberg states by light transmission passage injection detection light and coupling light.
2. probe according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the contact unit further comprises optical fiber and fiber coupling
The light transmission passage of alkali metal atom air chamber is connect by device by fiber coupler with fiber coupling.
3. probe according to claim 1, which is characterized in that alkali metal atom air chamber is by ultrahigh vacuum quartz atom gas
The production of room technique；The alkali metal atom is rubidium atom or Cs atom.
4. probe according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the contact unit further comprises phase probe.
5. probe according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the quantity of the contact unit is the structure more than or equal to 2
At antenna near-field test probe array.
6. the antenna near-field test method based on Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect, which is characterized in that use claim 1-5
Probe described in any one, Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna field strength measurement include the following steps:
Step 1: two tuned lasers generate detection light and coupling light respectively, the light transmission passage via the probe enters alkali
Alkali metal atom is energized into Rydberg states by metallic atom gas chamber；The wavelength for wherein detecting light is greater than the wavelength of coupling light；
Step 2: the probe in Rydberg states is placed in Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna to be measured, the transmission peaks of light are detected by original
One be split into two, measure the distance between two transmission peaks, Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna electric field strength can be calculated.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, further comprising Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna phase measurement, via institute
The light transmission passage for stating probe applies Ps Laser Pulse to the alkali metal atom in Rydberg states and is excited to ionized state,
Time delay function of the ionization signal of alkali metal atom relative to Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna frequency point to be measured is measured, then time delay is turned
It is changed to the phase of Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna to be measured, it is former that the centre frequency of the Ps Laser Pulse is greater than the alkali metal in Rydberg states
The ionization limit frequency of son.
8. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, being measured using the phase probe being arranged on the outside of contact unit
Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna phase.
9. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, using the linear transducer array being made of multiple contact units to area
Domain Electromagnetic Fields of Antenna is tested, and detection light and coupling light carry out row and column scanning respectively, the spy at two beam laser crossing points
Head unit is excited to Rydberg states and completes to test, until the test for completing all contact units.
10. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, using the linear transducer array pair being made of multiple contact units
When area antennas electromagnetic field is tested, to be connected to the optical fiber of light transmission passage as detection light and couple the transmission channel of light,
Strobe unit is set between light source and optical fiber and constitutes the gateable multiport excitation array of multichannel；Array is motivated by multiport
Control, so that detection light and coupling light motivate the contact unit to reach Rydberg states one by one and complete to test according to scanning sequence,
Until the test for completing all contact units.
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