CN1132208A - 新型磺化膦,其制法及其作为催化剂体系组分的用途 - Google Patents
新型磺化膦,其制法及其作为催化剂体系组分的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229960002645 boric acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 71
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- YKGBNAGNNUEZQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyl-n,n-bis(6-methylheptyl)heptan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCN(CCCCCC(C)C)CCCCCC(C)C YKGBNAGNNUEZQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003799 water insoluble solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- -1 aryl substituted-ammonium Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007818 Grignard reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004795 grignard reagents Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004009 13C{1H}-NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000607 proton-decoupled 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005654 Sephadex Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012507 Sephadex™ Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxophosphane Chemical compound P=O AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;hydroxy-[[phosphonatomethyl(phosphonomethyl)amino]methyl]phosphinate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OP(O)(=O)CN(CP(O)([O-])=O)CP([O-])([O-])=O SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium silicate Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008232 de-aerated water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000413 hydrolysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012204 lemonade/lime carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- JFVASGNYLSJKCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylphosphane;hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC(C)(C)[PH3+] JFVASGNYLSJKCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MYAJTCUQMQREFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K tppts Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(P(C=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1 MYAJTCUQMQREFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/22—Amides of acids of phosphorus
- C07F9/24—Esteramides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/50—Organo-phosphines
- C07F9/5022—Aromatic phosphines (P-C aromatic linkage)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及具有下列结构式的磺化膦:其中R是含有1~4个碳原子的烷基或环己基,M是H原子,一价的金属,化学当量的多价金属,铵离子,或者烷基或芳基取代的铵离子,x是数值1,2或3,n是数值0或1。这些化合物是用发烟硫酸或硫酸与原硼酸的无水混合物来磺化未磺化的母体物质而制得。
Description
本发明涉及新型磺化膦及其制备方法,和涉及这些化合物作为水溶性催化剂体系的一种组分的用途,特别是用于C-C键加成(built-up)的反应的催化剂。
近年来,含有作为中心原子的元素周期表中第八族金属元素和作为配位体的P(III)化合物即膦或亚磷酸盐,以及如果适宜的话,其它形成络合物的基团的络合物,作为有机化合物合成反应的催化剂已找到越来越多的应用。因而工业规模广泛采用的由烯烃与合成气生成醛的反应(加氢甲酰化)是在含钴,尤其铑和三苯基膦的催化剂系统存在下进行的。也已证明基于含膦的络合物的催化剂适用于甲醇与合成气生成较高级醇(特别是乙醇和丙醇)的反应(同系物化)。在以上所提到的情况下,配位体通常都是过量使用,以便催化剂体系中包含络合物和游离的配位体。这些反应根据催化剂在有机介质中的溶解性能在均相体系中进行。
除了在均相体系外,这种反应还可以在多相反应体系中进行。这种派生的方法的优点是溶于水中的催化剂很容易很温和地从不溶于水的反应产物中分离出来。专利DE-C2 2700904中所描述的、将氰化氢加成到含有至少一个烯属双键的不饱和有机化合物上制备腈的方法例如就是按照这种原理来进行的。对于由烯烃与一氧化碳和氢反应制备醛的反应,根据专利DE-C2 2627354的方法,可采用金属铑或铑的化合物与一种水溶性膦[如三(间磺基苯基)膦,即“TPPTS”]一起用作催化剂。其它有关采用多相催化剂体系的反应实施可以在Angew.Chem.1993,105,1588中找到。
已知的两相方法已被证明尤其适合于工业规模的应用。因而最近的研究工作在于进一步完善这种方法。因而尝试着通过对络合配位体的改性来增加催化剂的活性并延长其活性寿命,以便减少这种特定催化剂的用量—金属用量和配位体用量都减少—从而进一步减少生产成本。经济因素也是尽量降低膦/金属比例的一个决定性因素。最后,人们正试图开发能解决已有方法中存在的个别特殊问题(如产物特定的)的配位体系统,也正在探求这些多种多样的催化剂体系的新的应用领域。
本发明涉及具有以下结构式的磺化膦:其中R是含有1~4个碳原子的烷基或环己基,M是氢、一价金属、化学当量的多价金属,铵离子或烷基或芳基取代的铵离子,x是数值1,2或3,n是数值0或1。
用R表示的C1~C4烷基可以是直链也可以是支链。二烷基化合物优选含两个相同烷基或两个环己基,但并不排除含两个不同烷基或一个烷基和一个环己基的化合物。M优选情况下为氢,碱金属(尤其是钠或钾),化学当量的碱土金属(如镁或钙),铵离子或四烷基铵离子。
本发明还涉及一种制备上述膦的方法。
本发明也还涉及这种新型化合物作为在C-C键加成反应(如二烯烃加氢二聚化,C-H酸化合物烷基化,C=C键的加成反应,烯丙基体系的羰基化)中作为催化剂体系的组分的用途。
三(邻-甲苯基)膦或三(邻-甲氧基苯基)膦或者这些化合物在其一个或两个芳基被具有1~4个碳原子的烷基或环己基取代后的衍生物通常用来作为母体物质即用来制备所要求膦的起始物质。这些膦化合物是按照或基于J.Org.Chem.43,2941等(1978)中所介绍的方法,让三氯化磷、烷基氯化膦和选自邻-溴甲苯或邻-溴甲氧基苯的Grignard试剂进行反应来制备的
这些膦不经预先提纯就可用来磺化。根据本发明,所采用的磺化剂是硫酸和原硼酸的无水体系(每mol P(III)至少需要1mol(原硼酸)或发烟硫酸(即SO3的硫酸溶液)。该溶液中SO3的重量百分含量最好为20~65wt%。为了避免生成膦氧化物并允许较高的反应温度,在一优选的方案中,路易斯酸(如硼酸)可以按每mol膦至少1mol硼酸的量加入发烟硫酸中。磷化合物分几份在20~120℃的温度下加入硫酸/原硼酸体系中,或在0~20℃,优选在0~5℃的温度下(在路易斯酸存在下,0~40℃,尤其是0~20℃)加入发烟硫酸中。搅拌下控制磺化温度,如果用硫酸/原硼酸,应是20~350℃,如果用发烟硫酸,则不应超出溶解操作所声明的温度范围,然后混合物再继续反应1~3天。通过萃取和再萃取方法将磺化膦从反应混合物中分离出来。
为此,将反应混合物用水稀释(如果用发烟硫酸作磺化剂,则优选用冰来稀释),水的用量以最后所得溶液中硫酸含量在0.5~50wt%优选在25~35wt%为宜。然后水解产物用一种水不溶性的胺在水不溶性的溶剂中的溶液萃取(例如用三异辛胺在甲苯中的溶液萃取),其中每化学当量的磺酸需0.5~3mol的胺。磺化膦以铵盐形式进入有机相中。将有机相再用一种碱金属氢氧化物水溶液萃取,则磺化膦以相应的碱金属盐的水溶液形式获得,经过浓缩干燥可以从它获得磺化膦。
这些新型横化膦是无色的粉末,极易溶于水。游离酸及它的其它金属的盐可以从这些钠盐及其它碱金属盐(例如)通过离子交换的方法来制备。
这些膦可与不同的金属形成络合物,其中Ni、Pd和Pt的络合物对于C=C双键的反应是极为重要的催化剂。在这种情况下,金属和膦化合物(以其钠盐或另一种水溶性盐形式)最好不要根据化学计量所规定的比例,即对应于最初使用的或在反应条件下形成的金属配位化合物的化学组成来使用,使用过量的膦更有益于催化反应。金属与膦的比例可在较大范围变化,大约每1mol金属需1~4mol的膦,优选金属/膦摩尔比是1∶1~2,尤其为1∶2。
金属可用元素形式也可用其化合物。采用元素形式时,它们或者是极细的颗粒,最好是胶粒,或者是将它们以薄层形式,沉积在载体上(如活性炭,碳酸钙,硅酸铝或氧化铝)。可以使用的金属化合物是指那些水溶性的或在反应条件下可以变成水溶性的化合物。氧化物,无机氢氧酸盐,脂族单、多羧酸盐等都是合适的化合物。适宜的盐的实例有卤化物,硝酸盐,甲酸盐以及醋酸盐等。
这些新型化合物的制备方法和性质借助以下所选择的实施例加以描述。
实施例1三(邻-甲苯基-间-磺酸)膦
(a)三(邻-甲苯基)膦的制备
三(邻-甲基基)膦采用J.org.Chem.43,2941(1978)等中所公开的方法来制备:让三氯化磷和从对-溴甲苯获得的Grignard试剂进行反应。
(b)三(邻-甲苯基)膦的磺化
在一带有滴液漏斗的双颈烧瓶中将1.63g(26.28mmol)硼酸溶解于15ml 96wt%的浓硫酸中,再分几小份向该透明溶液中加入2g(6.57mmol)三(邻-甲苯基)膦。用冰将烧瓶冷至5℃左右,再滴加27ml含65wt%游离SO3的发烟硫酸,滴加时先慢后快(大约1滴/秒左右),边搅拌边保持这一温度。当发烟硫酸滴加结束时,反应混合物中含31.6wt%的游离SO3。将溶液升至室温,再继续反应3天。
处理时,为避免温度超过20℃,小心将反应混合物加入冰中。
将所得水溶液与69.8ml甲苯和65.7mmol三异辛胺的混合物一起搅拌24小时。在此期间,磺化膦以铵盐的形式进入有机相中。将有机相同水相中分离,再用25wt%的NaOH溶液萃取以分离出膦。将水相与胺有机相分离,中和(如果适宜的话),再借助旋转蒸发器浓缩至干。所得粗产物可直接用作催化剂组分。
为了提纯所得产物(如果有需要,如为了表征产物),将由冰稀释反应混合物所得的水溶液用25wt%的NaOH溶液中和。用旋转蒸发器将所得溶液浓缩至有相当数量的Na2SO4沉淀出来,再往该悬浮液中加入4倍体积的甲醇,剧烈搅拌后过滤掉Na2SO4。用甲醇漂洗滤饼数次。再收集滤饼并浓缩至干。而后用尽可能少的水溶解滤饼,并将该溶液中注射到10倍体积的甲醇中,剧烈搅拌。再次过滤混合物,滤饼在真空下蒸发至干燥为进一步提纯产物,尤其除去少量存在的膦氧化物和不希望生成的磺化产物,将产物置于Sephadex G-25(一种三维交联的多糖化合物,生产厂家为:Pharmacia,AB,Uppsala)上进行色谱分离。产量为4.02g,相当于理论产量的92%。
(c)三钠(邻-甲苯基-间磺基(sulfonato))膦的分析表征
元素分析计算产品的结构式为C21H18Na3O9PS3.3.4H2O
C H P S O Na计算值
37.55 3.72 4.61 14.32 29.53 10.27实测值 37.48 3.72 4.70 14.02 28.03 10.60光谱数据31P-{1H}-NMR(161.8MHz,D2O):δ=-22.8ppm(s,1P)1H-NMR(250MHz,D2O):δ=2.27ppm(s,9H,-CH3),7.17(dd,3JHP=3.97Hz,4JHH=1.83Hz,3H,H6),7.35(dd,3JHH=8.09Hz,4JHP=4.73Hz,3H,H3),7.79(dd,4JHH=1.52Hz,3JHP=7.94Hz,3H,H4)13C-{1H}-NMR(100.5MHZ,D2O):δ=146.5ppm(d,3JCP=25.75Hz,C5),141.41(s,C1),133.57(d,2JCP=10.97Hz,C2),131.3(d,3JCP=4.77Hz,C3),129.78(s,C6),126.88(s,C4),20.65(d,3JCP=20.5Hz,-CH3)UV(nm):226,272IR(KBr,cm-1):3056(v(aryl-H)),2967,2575,222,1920,1805,1637(sst),1587(v(C=C)),1470,1446(aryl-P),1380,2000(sst,br),1038(sst),904,827.
实例2三(邻-甲氧基-间-磺酸)膦
(a)三(邻-甲氧苯基)膦的制备
三(邻-甲氧苯基)膦按照J.Org.Chem.43,2941(1978)等中所公开的方法来制备:让三氯化磷与从邻-甲氧基溴苯获得的Grignard试剂反应合成三(邻-甲氧苯基)膦。
(b)三(邻-甲氧基溴苯)膦的磺化
在一带有滴液漏斗的双颈烧瓶中将1.79g(28.96mmol)硼酸溶于11.5ml 96.5wt%的浓硫酸中,再向该透明溶液中分几小份加入1g(2.84mmol)三(邻-甲氧基苯基)膦。用冰将烧瓶冷至5℃左右,再滴加22ml(含65wt%游离SO3的)发烟硫酸,滴加时先慢后快(大约1滴/秒),边搅拌边保持这一温度。当发烟硫酸滴加结束时,反应混合物中含31.4wt%的游离SO3。将溶液升至室温,再继续反应3天。
后处理时,为避免温度超过20℃,将反应混合物小心加入冰中。
将所得水溶液与76.95ml甲苯和72.4mmol(三异辛胺的混合物一起搅拌24小时。操作过程中,磺化膦以胺盐形式进入有机相中。将有机相同水相分离,再用25wt%的NaOH常液萃取以分离出膦。将水相与胺有机相分离,中和(如果适宜的话),再借助旋转蒸发器浓缩至干。所得粗产物可直接用作催化剂组分。
纯化合物按照实例1中所述方法在Sephadex G-25上通过色谱方法分出来产量为1.86g,相当于理论产量的92%。
(c)三钠(邻-甲氧-间-磺基)膦的光谱表征31P-{1H}-NMR(D2O):δ=-31.99(s,1P)1H-NMR(D2O):δ=3.78(s,9H,-OCH3),7.20(dd,4JHP=8.9Hz,3JHH=4.6Hz,3H,H3),7.24(dd,4JHH=2.1Hz,3JHH=4.6Hz,3H,H4),7.93(dd,4JHH=2.1Hz,3JPH=9.6Hz,3H,H6)13C-{1H}-NMR(D2O):δ=56.24(s,C7),111.41(s,C4),122.17(d,3JCP=11.5Hz,C5),129.31(s,C6),131.05(d,3JCP=2.9Hz,C3),136.78(d,2JCP=1.0Hz,C1),163.12(d,2JCP=14.8Hz,C2).
实例3二(叔-丁基)(邻-甲苯基-间-磺酸)膦
(a)二(叔-丁基)(邻-甲苯基)膦的制备
二(叔-丁基)(邻-甲苯基)膦按照J.Org.Chem.43,2941(1978)所公开的方法来制备:让二(叔-丁基)氯化膦与从对-溴甲苯获得的Grignard试剂反应。
(b)二(叔-丁基)(邻-甲苯基)膦的磺化
在一带有滴液漏斗的双颈烧瓶中将1.63g(26.28mmol)原硼酸溶于9ml 96wt%的浓硫酸中,再向该溶液中加入7ml含65wt%的SO3的发烟硫酸,以使所得磺化混合物中SO3浓度为0.6wt%。多余的SO3在高真空和60℃温度下除去(约45分钟)。将300mg(1.32mmol)二(叔-丁基)(邻-甲苯基)膦(对应于硼酸/膦摩尔比为20∶1)加入,搅拌混合物直至膦完全溶解。将反应混合物在60℃温度下加热21小时,然后冷却并用20ml脱气水水解。
将以上水溶液与4ml(9.25mmol)三异辛胺和30ml甲苯的混合溶液一起搅拌24小时。为了分离出磺化胺,有机相用25wt%的NaOH溶液萃取,将水相从胺相中分离出来。中和磺化胺水溶液,(如果适宜的话)浓缩至干燥。所得粗产物可直接用作催化剂组分。
纯化合物可按实例1中所描述的方法在Sphadex G-25上用色谱法分离出来。产量为444mg,相当于理论产值的95%。
(c)二(叔-丁基)(邻-甲苯基-间-磺酸)膦的钠盐的光谱表征31P-{1H}-NMR(D2O):δ=16.20(s,1P)1H-NMR(D2O):δ=1.22(d,3JHP=12.52Hz,18H,H9),2.62(s,3H,-CH3),7.46(dd,3JHH=8.2Hz,4JHH=4.3Hz,1H,H4),7.76(d,3JHH=8.2Hz,1H,H3),8.27(s,1H,H6)13C-{1H}-NMR(D2O):δ=23.03(d,3JCP=24.3Hz,C9),29.16(s,C7),32.26(d,1JCP=16.2Hz,C8),126.30(s,C6),130.72(d,3JCP=5.7Hz,C3),132.25(d,4JCP=4.3,C4),135.23(d,2JCP=10.6Hz,C2),140.13(s,C1),148.72(d,3JCP=27.65Hz,C5)。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有以下结构式的磺化膦:其中R是含有1~4个碳原子的烷基或环己基,M是氢,单价金属,化学当量的多价金属,铵离子或由烷基或芳基取代的铵离子,x是数值1,2或3,n是数值0或1。
2.一种制备权利要求1中所要求的磺化膦的方法,它包括让三(邻-甲苯基)膦或三(邻-甲氧基苯基)膦或一种这类化合物在其一个或两个芳基被含1~4个碳原子的烷基或环己基取代后的衍生物与硫酸/原硼酸无水体系或与作为磺化剂的发烟硫酸反应。
3.根据权利要求2中所要求的方法,其中,磺化是采用硫酸/原硼酸无水体系在20~350℃的温度,特别是20~170℃的温度下进行的。
4.根据权利要求2中所要求的方法,其中磺化是用SO3的硫酸溶液,特别是含20~65wt%SO3的硫酸溶液来进行的。
5.根据权利要求4中所要求的方法,其中含SO3的硫酸溶液包含一种路易斯酸。
6.根据权利要求5中所要求的方法,其中的路易斯酸是硼酸。
7.根据权利要求3或6中所要求的方法,其中每mol的P(III)至少需要1mol的硼酸。
8.根据权利要求2~7中的一项或多项所要求的方法,其中的磺化混合物用水稀释,所得水溶液用一种非水溶性胺在非水溶性有机溶剂中的溶液萃取,每化学当量的磺酸用0.5~3mol的胺,有机相被分离并进一步与一种碱的水溶液充分接触,然后分离出碱溶液从而将磺化芳基膦分离出来。
9.根据权利要求8中所要求的方法,其中采用三异辛胺作为非水溶性胺。
10.根据权利要求8或9中所要求的方法,其中用甲苯作为非水溶性溶剂)。
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