CN113215208A - Preparation method of maltose powder with high maltose content - Google Patents
Preparation method of maltose powder with high maltose content Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing maltose powder with high maltose content, which comprises pretreatment, enzyme liquefaction, impurity removal, saccharification and refining, wherein long-shaped rice with poor edible quality is adopted as a raw material to produce maltose, fungi alpha-amylase, pullulanase and maltotriose enzyme are added for synergism during saccharification, dextranase is added for hydrolysis reaction after the saccharification reaction is carried out for a period of time, the saccharification liquid is obtained by enzyme deactivation, the production cost can be reduced while the maltose is generated by catalyzing starch degradation by controlling the conditions of liquefied DE value, the addition amount of various enzymes and the like, better conditions are provided for the formation of maltose in the subsequent saccharification step, dextranase deeply catalyzes and hydrolyzes glucan into glucose or oligosaccharide, non-maltose parts are removed during refining, the purity of maltose is further improved, and the filterability of maltose products is improved, the viscosity is reduced, maltose powder with the maltose content of more than 90 percent can be prepared by using the method of the invention, and the application prospect in the field of sugar products is considerable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of production, in particular to a preparation method of maltose powder with high maltose content.
Background
Maltose is a disaccharide having two glucose units linked via an α -1,4 glycosidic bond. The maltose is rich in nutrition, is sweet and delicious, and has the effects of expelling toxin, beautifying, invigorating spleen, replenishing qi, moistening lung, relieving cough and the like.
The maltose powder is a product obtained by grinding maltose into powder, has extremely rich nutritive value, not only can provide energy for human metabolism, but also can stabilize intestinal bacteria and promote the proliferation of bifidobacteria, thereby reducing the influence of toxic metabolites on the body, has the effects of difficult agglomeration, volume expansion, instant dissolution and the like when being added into other products, can be used in various fields of food industry, and has very important significance in preparing maltose powder with high maltose content.
At present, when maltose powder is produced in China, the maltose content is unstable, the requirement of the maltose powder with high maltose content cannot be met, corn starch is often used as a raw material for maltose processing in industry, rice also contains abundant starch, early indica rice with poor eating quality, rice grains are thin, flat, thin, deep, glossy, light and rough in taste, and are not suitable for daily eating, so that the storage is seriously pressed, and the burden is caused on the national finance, therefore, the invention provides a method for preparing the maltose powder with high maltose content by using the indica rice as the raw material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing maltose powder with high maltose content.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: crushing rice into more than 60 meshes, adding a proper amount of water, and soaking for 2-6 hours to obtain rice milk;
(2) liquefaction: adjusting the pH value of the rice milk to 2.0-2.5, wherein the mass fraction is 25% -30%, heating the rice milk at 130-140 ℃ for 5-10 min to neutralize the pH value to 6.5 when a certain DE value is reached, cooling the rice milk to 85-100 ℃, adding high-temperature-resistant alpha-amylase to react for 25-30 min, and heating to inactivate enzyme to prepare liquefied liquid;
(3) removing impurities: removing protein and other impurity components in the liquefied rice liquid by centrifugation or filtration, and taking the supernatant for later use;
(4) saccharification: adjusting the pH value of the filtrate, adding fungal alpha-amylase, pullulanase and maltotriose enzyme, saccharifying for a certain time at 55-65 ℃, adding 10-80U/g dextran enzyme, carrying out hydrolysis reaction for 3-6h, and inactivating the enzyme to obtain a saccharified solution;
(5) refining: adding active carbon into saccharified liquid for decolorization, desalting by ion exchange resin, removing metal ions, eluting by gel chromatography, concentrating by falling film concentration method, and spray drying to obtain maltose powder with maltose content of more than 90%.
Wherein the DE value is controlled to be 5-15 in the liquefaction in the step (2);
the addition amount of each enzyme in saccharification in the step (4) is 0.5-0.8 FAU/g dry starch of fungal alpha-amylase, 0.2-0.5 PUN/g dry starch of pullulanase and 0.2-0.6 PUN/g dry starch of maltotriose.
Further preferably, the rice of step (1) is early long-shaped rice or late long-shaped rice with poor eating quality.
Further preferably, the step (2) controls the DE value to be 14.
More preferably, the addition amount of each enzyme in the step (4) is 0.6FAU/g dry starch of fungal alpha-amylase, 0.3PUN/g dry starch of pullulanase and 0.3PUN/g dry starch of maltotriose, saccharification is carried out for 20 hours at the pH value of 5.5 and the temperature of 58 ℃, and then 50U/g dextran enzyme hydrolysis reaction is carried out for 4 hours.
Preferably, in the step (5), the addition amount of the activated carbon is 0.1-0.3%, the decoloring time is 30-35 min, the activated carbon is concentrated under the conditions that the vacuum degree is 0.6-0.9 mpa and the temperature is 65-90 ℃, the drying air inlet temperature of spray drying is 180-190 ℃ and the air exhaust temperature is 80-90 ℃.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the early long-shaped rice and the late long-shaped rice with poor edible quality are used as raw materials to process and produce the maltose, the long-shaped rice with low nutritive value can be reused, the effect of high-efficiency value increase can be achieved through rice processing, and the production cost is reduced.
(2) The starch liquefied liquid obtained by combining and liquefying the enzymes can combine the characteristics of high liquefaction and saccharification degree of an enzyme method and good liquefaction and filtration performance of an acid method, and the enzyme consumption is greatly reduced.
(3) In the liquefaction process, if the DE value is higher, namely excessive liquefaction, a large amount of glucose monosaccharides can be formed in the later stage saccharification, the DE value is controlled to be 5-12, the dosage of the enzyme is controlled on the premise of ensuring good liquefaction effect, the cost is reduced, and better conditions can be provided for the formation of the subsequent saccharification and saccharification maltose.
(4) The liquefied liquid after rice starch liquefaction contains amylose and amylopectin, fungi alpha-amylase, pullulanase, maltotriose enzyme and dextranase are added during saccharification, the pullulanase selectively degrades alpha-1, 6 glycosidic bonds to branch starch, the fungi alpha-amylase can degrade the alpha-1, 4 glycosidic bonds on the amylose to catalyze and degrade to generate maltose, the maltose and the maltotriose enzyme synergize, the content of the maltose is obviously improved, the saccharification time is controlled to prevent the maltose from being further converted into monosaccharide, the dextranase can deeply catalyze and hydrolyze polysaccharide substances formed by glucose molecular polymerization, namely dextran is glucose or oligosaccharide, non-maltose parts are washed away by gel chromatography during refining, the purity of the maltose is further improved, and the economic problem caused by the dextran can be reduced, improve filterability of maltose products and reduce viscosity.
Detailed Description
The embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
(1) Pretreatment: crushing rice into more than 60 meshes, adding a proper amount of water, and soaking for 2-6 hours to obtain rice milk;
(2) liquefaction: adjusting the pH value of the rice milk to 2.0-2.5 and the mass fraction of 25% -30%, heating at 130-140 ℃ for 5-10 min to neutralize the pH value to 6.5 when a certain DE value is reached, cooling to 85-100 ℃, adding high-temperature-resistant alpha-amylase to react for 25-30 min, heating to inactivate enzyme, and preparing liquefied liquid;
(3) removing impurities: removing protein and other impurity components in the liquefied rice liquid by centrifugation or filtration, and taking the supernatant for later use;
(4) saccharification: adjusting the pH value of the filtrate, adding fungal alpha-amylase, pullulanase and maltotriose enzyme, saccharifying for a certain time at 55-65 ℃, adding 10-80U/g dextran enzyme, carrying out hydrolysis reaction for 3-6h, and inactivating the enzyme to obtain a saccharified solution;
(5) refining: adding active carbon into saccharified liquid for decolorization, desalting by ion exchange resin, removing metal ions, eluting by gel chromatography, concentrating by falling film concentration method, and spray drying to obtain maltose powder with maltose content of more than 90%.
Wherein the DE value is controlled to be 5-15 in the liquefaction in the step (1);
the addition amount of each enzyme in saccharification in the step (4) is 0.5-0.8 FAU/g dry starch of fungal alpha-amylase, 0.2-0.5 PUN/g dry starch of pullulanase and 0.2-0.6 PUN/g dry starch of maltotriose.
Further preferably, the rice of step (1) is early long-shaped rice or late long-shaped rice with poor eating quality.
Further preferably, the step (2) controls the DE value to be 14.
More preferably, the addition amount of each enzyme in the step (4) is 0.6FAU/g dry starch of fungal alpha-amylase, 0.3PUN/g dry starch of pullulanase and 0.3PUN/g dry starch of maltotriose, saccharification is carried out for 20 hours at the pH value of 5.5 and the temperature of 58 ℃, and then 50U/g dextran enzyme hydrolysis reaction is carried out for 4 hours.
Preferably, in the step (5), the addition amount of the activated carbon is 0.1-0.3%, the decoloring time is 30-35 min, the activated carbon is concentrated under the conditions that the vacuum degree is 0.6-0.9 mpa and the temperature is 65-90 ℃, the drying air inlet temperature of spray drying is 180-190 ℃ and the air exhaust temperature is 80-90 ℃.
Measurement method and conditions:
(1) DE value: an iodometry method is adopted;
(2) maltose content: high Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is adopted;
example 1
Crushing early long-grain rice into more than 60 meshes, adding a proper amount of water, soaking for 2h to obtain rice pulp, adjusting the pH value of the rice pulp to 2.0 and the mass fraction to 25%, heating at 130-140 ℃ for 5min, neutralizing the pH value to 6.5 when the DE value is 5, cooling to 90 ℃, adding high-temperature resistant alpha-amylase to react for 25min, heating to inactivate enzyme to prepare liquefied liquid, removing impurity components such as protein and the like in the liquefied rice liquefied liquid by adopting a centrifugal method, taking supernatant for later use, adjusting the pH value of filtrate to 5.0, adding fungal alpha-amylase 0.5FAU/g dry starch, pullulanase 0.2PUN/g dry starch and maltotriose 0.2PUN/g dry starch, saccharifying at 55 ℃ for a certain time, adding 20U/g dextranase, carrying out hydrolysis reaction for 3h, inactivating enzyme to obtain saccharified liquid, adding 0.1% of active carbon to the saccharified liquid, desalting by ion exchange resin to remove metal ions, eluting by gel chromatography, concentrating by falling film concentration method, and spray drying at air inlet temperature of 180 deg.C and air outlet temperature of 90 deg.C to obtain maltose powder with maltose content of 91.87%.
Example 2
Crushing early long-grain rice into more than 60 meshes, adding a proper amount of water, soaking for 2h to obtain rice pulp, adjusting the pH value of the rice pulp to 2.0 and the mass fraction to 25%, heating at 130-140 ℃ for 8min, neutralizing the pH value to 6.5 when the DE value is 8, cooling to 95 ℃, adding high-temperature resistant alpha-amylase for reaction for 28min, heating and inactivating enzyme to prepare liquefied liquid, removing impurity components such as protein and the like in the liquefied rice liquefied liquid by adopting a filtering method, taking supernatant for later use, adjusting the pH value of filtrate to 5.0, adding fungal alpha-amylase 0.5FAU/g dry starch, pullulanase 0.2PUN/g dry starch and maltotriose 0.2PUN/g dry starch, saccharifying at 55 ℃ for a certain time, adding 30U/g dextranase, carrying out hydrolysis reaction for 3h, inactivating enzyme to obtain saccharified liquid, adding 0.1% of active carbon into the saccharified liquid for 30min, desalting by ion exchange resin to remove metal ions, eluting by gel chromatography, concentrating by falling film concentration method, and spray drying at air inlet temperature of 180 deg.C and air outlet temperature of 90 deg.C to obtain maltose powder with maltose content of 92.64%.
Example 3
Crushing early long-grain rice into more than 60 meshes, adding a proper amount of water, soaking for 2 hours to obtain rice pulp, adjusting the pH value of the rice pulp to be 2.3 and 28 mass percent, heating at 130-140 ℃ for 5min, neutralizing the pH value to be 6.5 when the DE value is 10, cooling to 85-100 ℃, adding high-temperature resistant alpha-amylase for reaction for 26min, heating and inactivating enzyme to prepare liquefied liquid, removing impurity components such as protein and the like in the liquefied rice liquefied liquid by adopting a centrifugal method, taking supernatant for later use, adjusting the pH value of filtrate to be 5.0, adding 0.5FAU/g of fungal alpha-amylase, 0.2PUN/g of pullulanase and 0.2PUN/g of maltotriose into the liquefied rice liquid, saccharifying at 55 ℃ for a certain time, adding 50U/g of dextranase, carrying out hydrolytic reaction for 5 hours, inactivating enzyme to obtain saccharified liquid, adding 0.1% of active carbon into the saccharified liquid for 30min, desalting through ion exchange resin, removing metal ions, eluting by gel chromatography, concentrating by falling film concentration method, and spray drying at air inlet temperature of 180 deg.C and air outlet temperature of 90 deg.C to obtain maltose powder with maltose content of 94.24%.
Example 4
Crushing early long-grain rice into more than 60 meshes, adding a proper amount of water, soaking for 2 hours to obtain rice pulp, adjusting the pH value of the rice pulp to be 2.3 and 28 mass percent, heating at 130-140 ℃ for 8min, neutralizing the pH value to be 6.5 when the DE value is 8, cooling to 85-100 ℃, adding high-temperature resistant alpha-amylase for reaction for 28min, heating and inactivating enzyme to prepare liquefied liquid, removing impurity components such as protein and the like in the liquefied rice liquefied liquid by adopting a filtration method, taking supernatant for later use, adjusting the pH value of filtrate to be 5.0, adding 0.5FAU/g of fungal alpha-amylase, 0.2PUN/g of pullulanase and 0.2PUN/g of maltotriose into the liquefied rice liquid, saccharifying at 55 ℃ for a certain time, adding 60U/g of dextranase, carrying out hydrolysis reaction for 5 hours, inactivating enzyme to obtain saccharified liquid, adding 0.1% of active carbon into the saccharified liquid for 30min, desalting through ion exchange resin, removing metal ions, eluting by gel chromatography, concentrating by falling film concentration method, and spray drying at air inlet temperature of 180 deg.C and air outlet temperature of 90 deg.C to obtain maltose powder with maltose content of 93.52%.
Example 5
Crushing early long-grain rice into more than 60 meshes, adding a proper amount of water, soaking for 2 hours to obtain rice pulp, adjusting the pH value of the rice pulp to be 2.4 and 28 mass percent, heating at 130-140 ℃ for 8min, neutralizing the pH value to be 6.5 when the DE value is 14, cooling to 85-100 ℃, adding high-temperature resistant alpha-amylase for reaction for 28min, heating and inactivating enzyme to prepare liquefied liquid, removing impurity components such as protein and the like in the liquefied rice liquefied liquid by adopting a centrifugal method, taking supernatant for later use, adjusting the pH value of filtrate to be 5.5, adding 0.5FAU/g of fungal alpha-amylase, 0.2PUN/g of pullulanase and 0.2PUN/g of maltotriose into the liquefied rice liquid, saccharifying at 58 ℃ for 20 hours, adding 50U/g of dextranase, hydrolyzing and reacting for 4 hours to inactivate enzyme to obtain saccharified liquid, adding 0.1% of active carbon into the saccharified liquid for 30min, desalting through ion exchange resin, removing metal ions, eluting by gel chromatography, concentrating by falling film concentration method, and spray drying at air inlet temperature of 180 deg.C and air outlet temperature of 90 deg.C to obtain maltose powder with maltose content of 96.54%.
Example 6
Crushing early long-grain rice into more than 60 meshes, adding a proper amount of water, soaking for 2 hours to obtain rice pulp, adjusting the pH value of the rice pulp to 2.5 and the mass fraction to be 25%, heating for 10 minutes at 130-140 ℃, neutralizing the pH value to 6.5 when the DE value is 10, cooling to 85-100 ℃, adding high-temperature resistant alpha-amylase for reaction for 28 minutes, heating and inactivating enzyme to prepare liquefied liquid, removing impurity components such as protein and the like in the liquefied rice liquefied liquid by adopting a centrifugal method, taking supernatant for later use, adjusting the pH value of filtrate to be 5.0, adding 0.5FAU/g of fungal alpha-amylase, 0.2PUN/g of pullulanase and 0.2PUN/g of maltotriose into the liquefied rice liquid, saccharifying at 55 ℃ for a certain time, adding 50U/g of dextranase, carrying out hydrolysis reaction for 4 hours, inactivating enzyme to obtain saccharified liquid, adding 0.1% of active carbon into the saccharified liquid for 30 minutes, desalting through ion exchange resin, removing metal ions, eluting by gel chromatography, concentrating by falling film concentration method, and spray drying at air inlet temperature of 180 deg.C and air outlet temperature of 90 deg.C to obtain maltose powder with maltose content of 94.61%.
Example 7
Crushing early long-grain rice into more than 60 meshes, adding a proper amount of water, soaking for 2 hours to obtain rice pulp, adjusting the pH value of the rice pulp to 2.5 and the mass fraction to 25%, heating at 130-140 ℃ for 10min, neutralizing the pH value to 6.5 when the DE value is 12, cooling to 85-100 ℃, adding high-temperature resistant alpha-amylase for reaction for 30 minutes, heating and inactivating enzyme to prepare liquefied liquid, removing impurity components such as protein and the like in the liquefied rice liquefied liquid by adopting a centrifugal method, taking supernatant for later use, adjusting the pH value of filtrate to 5.0, adding 0.5FAU/g of fungal alpha-amylase, 0.2PUN/g of pullulanase and 0.2PUN/g of maltotriose into the liquefied rice liquid, saccharifying at 55 ℃ for a certain time, adding 70U/g of dextranase, carrying out hydrolysis reaction for 6 hours, inactivating enzyme to obtain saccharified liquid, adding 0.1% of active carbon into the saccharified liquid for 30 minutes, desalting through ion exchange resin, removing metal ions, eluting by gel chromatography, concentrating by falling film concentration method, and spray drying at air inlet temperature of 180 deg.C and air outlet temperature of 90 deg.C to obtain maltose powder with maltose content of 95.94%.
Example 8
Crushing early long-grain rice into more than 60 meshes, adding a proper amount of water, soaking for 2 hours to obtain rice pulp, adjusting the pH value of the rice pulp to 2.3 and 30 mass percent, heating at 130-140 ℃ for 10min, neutralizing the pH value to 6.5 when the DE value is 15, cooling to 85-100 ℃, adding high-temperature resistant alpha-amylase for reaction for 30min, heating and inactivating enzyme to prepare liquefied liquid, removing impurity components such as protein and the like in the liquefied rice liquefied liquid by adopting a centrifugal method, taking supernatant for later use, adjusting the pH value of filtrate to 5.0, adding 0.5FAU/g of fungal alpha-amylase, 0.2PUN/g of pullulanase and 0.2PUN/g of maltotriose into the liquefied rice liquid, saccharifying at 55 ℃ for a certain time, adding 80U/g of dextranase, carrying out hydrolysis reaction for 6 hours, inactivating enzyme to obtain saccharified liquid, adding 0.1% of active carbon into the saccharified liquid for 30min, desalting through ion exchange resin, removing metal ions, eluting by gel chromatography, concentrating by falling film concentration method, and spray drying at air inlet temperature of 180 deg.C and air outlet temperature of 90 deg.C to obtain maltose powder with maltose content of 94.37%.
The above disclosure is intended to cover only the preferred embodiments of the invention, and not to limit the scope of the invention, so that modifications and equivalents may be made within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preparing maltose powder with high maltose content is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: crushing rice into more than 60 meshes, adding a proper amount of water, and soaking for 2-6 hours to obtain rice milk;
(2) liquefaction: adjusting the pH value of the rice milk to 2.0-2.5, wherein the mass fraction is 25% -30%, heating the rice milk at 130-140 ℃ for 5-10 min to neutralize the pH value to 6.5 when a certain DE value is reached, cooling the rice milk to 85-100 ℃, adding high-temperature-resistant alpha-amylase to react for 25-30 min, and heating to inactivate enzyme to prepare liquefied liquid;
(3) removing impurities: removing protein and other impurity components in the liquefied rice liquid by centrifugation or filtration, and taking the supernatant for later use;
(4) saccharification: adjusting the pH value of the filtrate, adding fungal alpha-amylase, pullulanase and maltotriose enzyme, saccharifying for a certain time at 55-65 ℃, adding 10-80U/g dextran enzyme, carrying out hydrolysis reaction for 3-6h, and inactivating the enzyme to obtain a saccharified solution;
(5) refining: adding active carbon into saccharified liquid for decolorization, desalting by ion exchange resin, removing metal ions, eluting by gel chromatography, concentrating by falling film concentration method, and spray drying to obtain maltose powder with maltose content of more than 90%.
Wherein the DE value is controlled to be 5-15 in the liquefaction in the step (2);
the addition amount of each enzyme in saccharification in the step (4) is 0.5-0.8 FAU/g dry starch of fungal alpha-amylase, 0.2-0.5 PUN/g dry starch of pullulanase and 0.2-0.6 PUN/g dry starch of maltotriose.
2. The method for preparing maltose sugar powder with high maltose content as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice of step (1) is early long-grained nonglutinous rice and late long-grained nonglutinous rice with poor eating quality.
3. A process for the preparation of a maltose powder with high maltose content as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that the DE value of step (2) is controlled at 14.
4. The method for preparing maltose sugar powder with high maltose content as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adding amount of each enzyme in the step (4) is fungal alpha-amylase 0.6FAU/g dry starch, pullulanase 0.3PUN/g dry starch and maltotriose 0.3PUN/g dry starch, saccharifying is carried out at pH5.5 and 58 ℃ for 20h, and then adding 50U/g dextranase for hydrolysis reaction for 4 h.
5. The method for preparing maltose sugar powder with high maltose content as claimed in claim 1, wherein the active carbon is added in 0.1-0.3% in the step (5), the decolorization time is 30-35 min, the maltose sugar powder is concentrated under the conditions of vacuum degree of 0.6-0.9 mpa and temperature of 65-90 ℃, the drying air inlet temperature of spray drying is 180-190 ℃ and the air exhaust temperature is 80-90 ℃.
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