CN113210773A - Method and processing device for removing large allowance by generating electrolysis of high-hardness material internal spline - Google Patents
Method and processing device for removing large allowance by generating electrolysis of high-hardness material internal spline Download PDFInfo
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- CN113210773A CN113210773A CN202110590457.2A CN202110590457A CN113210773A CN 113210773 A CN113210773 A CN 113210773A CN 202110590457 A CN202110590457 A CN 202110590457A CN 113210773 A CN113210773 A CN 113210773A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H11/00—Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
- B23H3/10—Supply or regeneration of working media
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Abstract
A method and a processing device for removing large allowance by generating electrolysis for an internal spline of a high-hardness material relate to a large allowance removal process technology for the internal spline. Adopting a high-frequency and ultrashort pulse power supply, and performing electrolytic machining on the mutual generating movement of the anode workpiece through a cathode cutter to realize large-allowance rough machining of the internal spline workpiece; a certain machining gap is kept between the cathode cutter and the anode workpiece, the size of the machining gap is the sum of the electrolytic gap and the finishing allowance, and the required depth of the internal spline is obtained through electrolytic machining; the control system controls the positions and the motion tracks of the cathode cutter and the anode workpiece, realizes the on-line monitoring and the self-adaptive control of the machining clearance and ensures the machining precision. The device comprises a mechanical motion mechanism, a control system, a pulse power supply and an electrolyte supply system. The machining cost is reduced, the machining precision is improved, the large-allowance rough machining of the internal spline made of high-hardness materials and in a special structure is realized, and preparation is made for the subsequent gear shaping finish machining and the guarantee of the precision of the internal spline.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a large allowance removing process technology of an internal spline, in particular to a method and a processing device for removing large allowance by generating electrolysis of a high-hardness material internal spline.
Background
The internal spline has the characteristics of large transmission torque, good alignment, high transmission efficiency, high connection strength and the like, and is widely applied to transmission systems in the aerospace industry, the automobile industry, the ship industry, the heavy machinery industry and other equipment manufacturing industries. With the rapid development of the processing and manufacturing technology, the requirements of the aero-engine transmission system and the helicopter transmission system on the hardness, toughness and wear resistance of key gears are continuously improved, the application of high-hardness hard functional materials is more and more extensive, and the research and application of the processing method of the internal spline of the high-hardness material are gradually and more concerned.
The internal spline machining can be finished only by grinding or gear shaping before the internal spline of high-hardness materials (such as third generation gear steel with the hardness as high as HRC 48-52) and special structures (such as an internal hole is not communicated) at present. The spline grinding process has low efficiency and high cost, and is often limited by the inability of grinding the structure. When the gear shaping is adopted for processing, the gear shaping cutter is easy to wear due to high material hardness, the service life of the cutter is short, the phenomenon of blade tipping is easy to occur, and the precision of the spline is difficult to ensure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a process method for electrolytically removing large allowance in the generating process of a high-hardness material internal spline, aiming at the technical problems of low processing efficiency, serious tool abrasion, high processing cost, poor precision retentivity and the like of the traditional grinding/slotting method of the high-hardness material internal spline.
The invention also aims to provide the electrochemical machining device for generating the internal spline of the high-hardness material, which can realize large-allowance rough machining of the internal spline with high hardness and a special structure, prepare for subsequent finish machining and guarantee of the precision of the internal spline, and promote the precise, efficient and low-cost machining of the internal spline.
The process method for removing the large allowance by generating electrolysis for the internal spline of the high-hardness material comprises the following steps:
1) adopting a high-frequency and ultrashort pulse power supply, and performing electrolytic machining on the mutual generating movement of the anode workpiece through a cathode cutter to realize large-allowance rough machining of the internal spline workpiece;
2) a certain machining gap is kept between the cathode cutter and the anode workpiece, the size of the machining gap is the sum of the electrolytic gap and the finishing allowance, and the required depth of the internal spline is obtained through electrolytic machining;
3) the control system controls the positions and the motion tracks of the cathode cutter and the anode workpiece, realizes the on-line monitoring and the self-adaptive control of the machining clearance and ensures the machining precision.
The high-hardness material internal spline generating electrolytic machining device comprises a mechanical movement mechanism, a control system, a pulse power supply and an electrolyte supply system;
the mechanical motion mechanism is used for realizing linear motion feeding and quick response and realizing accurate rotating speed and rotating angle; the mechanical motion mechanism comprises a rack base, a C2 shaft rotating mechanism, an insulating base, an electric slip ring, a conductive copper block, a lower tool cover, an upper tool cover, a cathode cutter, the electric slip ring, a C1 shaft rotating mechanism, a Z-axis direction servo mechanism, a machine tool upright post, a Y-axis direction servo mechanism and a Y-axis direction guide rail; the insulating base and the C2 shaft rotating mechanism are arranged on the rack base, a Z-axis direction servo mechanism is arranged on a machine tool upright post supported by the rack base, and the C1 shaft rotating mechanism is arranged on the Z-axis direction servo mechanism; the Y-axis direction servo mechanism controls the airport upright post to move along the Y-axis direction guide rail; a workpiece to be processed is fixedly arranged in a tool lower cover through a pressing plate and a screw rod, and the tool upper cover is connected with the tool lower cover through a bolt; the lower cover of the tool is fixedly connected with the insulating base; the cathode cutter and the anode substitute machining workpiece are respectively clamped on the C1 shaft rotating mechanism and the C2 shaft rotating mechanism; a hollow pipeline is arranged in the handle of the cathode cutter, and the electrolyte supply system inputs and supplies electrolyte into the lower cover of the tool through an electrolyte inlet outside the cathode cutter and the hollow pipeline in the handle of the cutter so as to fill the machining area with the electrolyte;
the control system is used for controlling the device components to perform linear feeding motion, the rotating speed and the rotating angle of the cathode cutter or the workpiece, and monitoring voltage/current, and comprises computer equipment, a control program, a motor driver, a power supply and the like.
The positive electrode of the pulse power supply is connected with the conductive copper block through an electric slip ring, so that a workpiece to be processed, which is in contact with the conductive copper block, is positively charged; the negative pole of the pulse power supply is connected with the cathode cutter through the electro-hydraulic slip ring, so that the cathode cutter arranged on the electro-hydraulic slip ring is negatively charged;
the electrolyte supply system is used for storing, inputting, recovering, controlling and the like of electrolyte.
The pulse power supply adopts a high-frequency and ultrashort pulse power supply, and is used for selection, output, display, control and the like of parameters such as power supply frequency, pulse width and the like.
The insulating base can adopt a marble insulating base.
The lower tool cover and the insulating base can be fixedly connected through insulating screws;
the electrolyte of the electrolyte supply system is processed in an immersion manner, so that the processing area can be ensured to be full of the electrolyte; the electrolyte is NaCl, NaNO3、Na2SO4Mixing the solutions according to a certain proportion.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following outstanding technical advantages:
the invention solves the technical problem of spline processing of high-hardness difficult-to-process materials, adopts a high-frequency and ultrashort pulse power supply to enable the cathode cutter to be charged with negative electricity and the anode workpiece to be charged with positive electricity, and controls the cathode cutter to carry out mutual generating motion on the anode workpiece through a numerical control system, thereby realizing generation electrolysis large allowance removal of the internal spline of the high-hardness materials. The mutual generating movement of the cathode cutter and the anode workpiece realizes the processing of the internal spline, so that one cathode cutter is suitable for processing a series of internal spline workpieces with consistent modulus, the use of the formed cathode cutter is reduced, and the processing cost is reduced. By adopting a high-frequency narrow-pulse power supply, the physical and chemical characteristics of an electrochemical machining flow field can be improved, the discharge gap of machining is reduced, the strengthening of the dissolving and concentrated corrosion removing capability of the anode is strengthened, the scattered corrosion capability is weakened, and the electrochemical machining precision is improved. The invention can realize large-allowance rough machining of high-hardness materials and internal splines with special structures, provides preparation for subsequent gear shaping finish machining and ensuring the precision of the internal splines, provides support for the manufacturing process technology of advanced materials such as third generation gear steel and the like, promotes the precision, high efficiency and low cost machining of the internal splines, and has important significance for improving the machining precision and efficiency of the internal splines of key parts in the fields of domestic aerospace driving systems and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an electrochemical machining apparatus for generating an internal spline according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the electrolytic anode workpiece and cathode tool movements.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention comprises a rack base 1, a C2 shaft rotating mechanism 2, a marble insulating base 3, an electric slip ring 4, a conductive copper block 5, a tool lower cover 6, a workpiece to be processed (an internal spline blank) 7, a tool upper cover 8, a cathode cutter 9, an electric slip ring 10, a C1 shaft rotating mechanism 11, a Z-axis direction servo mechanism 12, a numerical control system 13, a machine tool upright post 14, a Y-axis direction servo mechanism 15, a Y-axis direction guide rail 16, a pulse power supply 17, a pulse power supply cathode 18, an electrolyte inlet 19, an electrolyte supply system 20, an electrolyte outlet 21 and a pulse power supply anode 22.
A machine tool column 14 supported by the machine frame base 1 is provided with a Z-axis direction servo mechanism 12, and a C1 axis rotation mechanism 11 is provided on the Z-axis direction servo mechanism 12. The Y-axis servo mechanism 15 controls the machine tool column 14 to perform Y-axis linear motion along the Y-axis guide rail 16. The cathode cutter 9 and the workpiece to be machined (internal spline blank) 7 are clamped on the C1 shaft rotating mechanism 11 and the C2 shaft rotating mechanism 2 respectively. The positive pole 22 of the pulse power supply is connected with the conductive copper block 5 through the electric slip ring 4, so that the workpiece to be processed which is in contact with the pulse power supply is positively charged; the negative pole of the pulse power supply is connected with a cathode cutter 9 through an electro-hydraulic slip ring 10, so that a workpiece (an internal spline blank) 7 to be processed arranged on the pulse power supply is negatively charged.
The cathode cutter 9 is mounted on a C1 shaft rotating mechanism 11, and can do linear motion and rotary motion along the Z shaft and the C shaft through a C1 shaft rotating mechanism 11 and a Z shaft direction servo mechanism 12. The workpiece (internal spline blank) 7 to be processed is fixedly arranged in the lower tool cover 6 through a clamp consisting of a pressing plate and a screw, the lower tool cover 6 and the marble insulating base 3 are fixedly connected through insulating screws, the marble insulating base 3 and the C2 shaft rotating mechanism 2 are arranged on the rack base 1, and the workpiece (internal spline blank) 7 to be processed can rotate around the C2 shaft through the C2 shaft rotating mechanism 2. A hollow pipeline is arranged in the handle of the cathode cutter 9, and an electrolyte supply system 20 inputs and supplies electrolyte into the tool lower cover 6 through an electrolyte inlet 19 outside the cathode cutter 9 and the hollow pipeline in the handle, so that the machining area is filled with the electrolyte. An electrolyte outlet 21 is arranged on the outer wall of the lower cover 6 of the tool and used for discharging processed electrolyte. The direction of the arrow at the electrolyte inlet 19 shown in fig. 1 represents the electrolyte inflow direction, and the direction of the arrow at the electrolyte outlet 21 represents the electrolyte outflow direction.
Before electrolytic machining, the axis of a cathode cutter 9 is ensured to coincide with the axis of a workpiece to be machined (an internal spline blank) 7, the numerical control system 13 controls the cathode cutter 9 to move to the tooth length depth of an internal spline along the Z-axis direction, and then the cathode cutter 9 and the workpiece to be machined (the internal spline blank) 7 perform generating movement until all spline tooth surfaces are machined after the cathode cutter moves to the required spline depth along the radial direction relative to the workpiece to be machined (the internal spline blank) 7.
In the generating electrochemical machining process, the numerical control system 13 is used for carrying out on-line monitoring on current/voltage, feeding back and adjusting the gap between the surface of the cathode cutter 9 and the surface of the workpiece to be machined (inner spline blank) 7 in real time, and keeping a certain electrochemical machining gap 23. As shown in the movement diagram of the electrolytic anode workpiece and the cathode tool in fig. 2, the size of the electrolytic machining gap 23 is the sum of the electrolytic gap and the finishing allowance, so as to perform electrolytic machining to the required depth of the internal spline, prepare for ensuring the accuracy of the internal spline for subsequent gear shaping finishing, and promote the accurate, efficient and low-cost machining of the internal spline.
Claims (6)
1. The method for removing the large allowance by generating electrolysis for the internal spline of the high-hardness material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) adopting a high-frequency and ultrashort pulse power supply, and performing electrolytic machining on the mutual generating movement of the anode workpiece through a cathode cutter to realize large-allowance rough machining of the internal spline workpiece;
2) a certain machining gap is kept between the cathode cutter and the anode workpiece, the size of the machining gap is the sum of the electrolytic gap and the finishing allowance, and the required depth of the internal spline is obtained through electrolytic machining;
3) the control system controls the positions and the motion tracks of the cathode cutter and the anode workpiece, realizes the on-line monitoring and the self-adaptive control of the machining clearance and ensures the machining precision.
2. The electrochemical machining device for generating the internal spline of the high-hardness material is characterized by comprising a mechanical motion mechanism, a control system, a pulse power supply and an electrolyte supply system;
the mechanical motion mechanism is used for realizing linear motion feeding and quick response and realizing accurate rotating speed and rotating angle; the mechanical motion mechanism comprises a rack base, a C2 shaft rotating mechanism, an insulating base, an electric slip ring, a conductive copper block, a lower tool cover, an upper tool cover, a cathode cutter, the electric slip ring, a C1 shaft rotating mechanism, a Z-axis direction servo mechanism, a machine tool upright post, a Y-axis direction servo mechanism and a Y-axis direction guide rail; the insulating base and the C2 shaft rotating mechanism are arranged on the rack base, a Z-axis direction servo mechanism is arranged on a machine tool upright post supported by the rack base, and the C1 shaft rotating mechanism is arranged on the Z-axis direction servo mechanism; the Y-axis direction servo mechanism controls the airport upright post to move along the Y-axis direction guide rail; a workpiece to be processed is fixedly arranged in a tool lower cover through a pressing plate and a screw rod, and the tool upper cover is connected with the tool lower cover through a bolt; the lower cover of the tool is fixedly connected with the insulating base; the cathode cutter and the anode substitute machining workpiece are respectively clamped on the C1 shaft rotating mechanism and the C2 shaft rotating mechanism; a hollow pipeline is arranged in the handle of the cathode cutter, and the electrolyte supply system inputs and supplies electrolyte into the lower cover of the tool through an electrolyte inlet outside the cathode cutter and the hollow pipeline in the handle of the cutter so as to fill the machining area with the electrolyte;
the control system is used for controlling the device component to perform linear feeding motion, the rotating speed and the rotating angle of the cathode cutter or the workpiece and monitoring voltage/current, and comprises computer equipment, a control program, a motor driver and a power supply;
the positive electrode of the pulse power supply is connected with the conductive copper block through an electric slip ring, so that a workpiece to be processed, which is in contact with the conductive copper block, is positively charged; the negative pole of the pulse power supply is connected with the cathode cutter through the electro-hydraulic slip ring, so that the cathode cutter arranged on the electro-hydraulic slip ring is negatively charged;
the electrolyte supply system is used for storing, inputting, recovering and controlling electrolyte.
3. The electrochemical machining apparatus for spline generation in high-hardness material according to claim 2, wherein the pulse power source is a high-frequency or ultra-short pulse power source, and the pulse power source is used for selection, output, display and control of power frequency and pulse width parameters.
4. The apparatus for electrochemical machining for generating internal splines of high-hardness material according to claim 2, wherein the insulating base is a marble insulating base.
5. The internal spline generating electrochemical machining apparatus for high-hardness materials according to claim 2, wherein the lower tool cover and the insulating base are fixedly connected by an insulating screw.
6. The apparatus for electrochemical machining of spline generated in high-hardness material according to claim 2, wherein the electrolyte of said electrolyte supply system is processed by immersion to ensure that the machining area is filled with electrolyte; the electrolyte is NaCl, NaNO3、Na2SO4The solution is mixed according to a certain proportion.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110590457.2A CN113210773A (en) | 2021-05-28 | 2021-05-28 | Method and processing device for removing large allowance by generating electrolysis of high-hardness material internal spline |
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| CN202110590457.2A CN113210773A (en) | 2021-05-28 | 2021-05-28 | Method and processing device for removing large allowance by generating electrolysis of high-hardness material internal spline |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114473089A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-05-13 | 厦门大学 | Method for removing large generated electrolytic allowance of high-hardness material face gear and machining device |
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2021
- 2021-05-28 CN CN202110590457.2A patent/CN113210773A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
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| CN1676257A (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-05 | 广东工业大学 | Three-dimension micro-expansion electrolysis processing method and apparatus |
| CN102581399A (en) * | 2012-03-01 | 2012-07-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Electrolytic machining device for seam cluster of static blade lid of shaver and machining process |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114473089A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-05-13 | 厦门大学 | Method for removing large generated electrolytic allowance of high-hardness material face gear and machining device |
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