CN113207580A

CN113207580A - Rapid seedling raising method for holboellia latifolia seeds

Info

Publication number: CN113207580A
Application number: CN202110654736.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郑重; 刘红昌; 李金华; 张歆
Original assignee: Chengdu Tiantianzai Ecological Agriculture Co ltd
Current assignee: Chengdu Tiantianzai Ecological Agriculture Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-06-11
Filing date: 2021-06-11
Publication date: 2021-08-06

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for quickly growing seedlings of holboellia latifolia seeds, which comprises the following steps of removing peels and pulps after fruits are ripe and picked, paying attention to no bruise to caruncles in the process of separating the pulps from the seeds, washing the residual pulps on the seeds clean after the seeds are separated from the pulps, and slightly airing for later use. Fully and uniformly mixing the seeds and the perlite according to the volume ratio of 3:1, and placing the mixture into a heat-preservation foam box. Adding sterile water into perlite until the water content reaches about 60-70%, covering the perlite with a cover, placing the perlite on a balcony for 15-20 days, detecting the water content once during the period, and spraying a small amount of sterile water for moisturizing if the surface layer is dry. Transferring the seeds with radicles to the substrate in the seedling shed. The thickness of the seeds covered by the matrix is 2-3 cm, the humidity of the matrix is controlled to be 60-70%, and the temperature in the seedling raising shed is controlled to be 25-28 ℃. The rapid seedling raising method has the advantages of promoting the germination of seeds, shortening the seedling raising time and the like.

Description

Rapid seedling raising method for holboellia latifolia seeds

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a rapid seedling raising method for holboellia latifolia seeds.

Background

August melon is also named August fried, and traditional Chinese medicine is named as "fructus Akebiae", belongs to fruits of Akebia quinata, Akebia trifoliata or Akebia albata of Akebia of Akebiaceae, and wild fruits. The Bayue fruit is well-done and cracked. The fruit is similar to banana, is rich in sugar, vitamin C and various amino acids, and valine, methionine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, lysine and the like which can not be synthesized by human bodies. The mussaenda odorata is distributed in Guizhou and Hunan, wherein the Guizhou copper kernel and Hunan kingdom Tianzi mountain vision areas are more, the Mucuna lunata is ripe and open, the fruit taste is fragrant and sweet, the mussaenda odorata is pollution-free green food, and the mussaa odorata is called as Shanghai wild fruit. Has effects of clearing heat, promoting diuresis, promoting blood circulation, dredging collaterals, activating qi-flowing, and relieving pain, and can be used for treating oliguria with reddish urine, stranguria with turbid urine, edema, rheumatalgia, traumatic injury, galactostasis, uterine prolapse, orchitis, etc.

The existing seedling raising technology for the holboellia latifolia seeds is that seeds are separated from pulp and then directly sown into a seedling raising field, and has the defects that the soil humidity of the seedling raising field cannot be controlled, the optimal environment humidity for the growth of the radicles of the holboellia latifolia seeds is 60-80%, so that the radicles of the seeds grow slowly in a natural environment, and partial seeds cannot germinate due to physiological dehydration. In addition, the radicle growth of the holboellia latifolia seeds needs a relatively stable environment temperature which is generally 20 +/-2 ℃, the seeds germinate slowly in a natural temperature-changing environment, the time from sowing to seedling emergence is 5-6 months, the period is long, and the transplanting in the current year is difficult.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the above, the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a rapid seedling raising method for the holboellia latifolia seeds.

In order to realize the technical purpose, the invention provides a rapid seedling raising method for holboellia latifolia seeds, which comprises the following steps,

s1: after the fruits are ripe and picked, removing peel and pulp, paying attention to no bruise to the mons in the process of separating the pulp from the seeds, after separating the seeds from the pulp, washing the residual pulp on the seeds, and slightly airing for later use;

s2, fully and uniformly mixing the seeds and the perlite according to the volume ratio of 3:1, placing the mixture in a heat-preservation foam box, adding sterile water into the perlite until the water content is 60-70%, covering a foam box cover, placing the foam box cover on a balcony for 15-20 days, and detecting the water content once until the water content reaches 15-20 days, wherein the radicle can extend by more than 1 cm;

s3: transferring the seeds with the radicles into a substrate in a seedling raising shed, controlling the thickness of the substrate covering the seeds to be 2-3 cm, controlling the humidity of the substrate to be 60-70%, controlling the temperature in the seedling raising shed to be 25-28 ℃ and 25-30 days, and enabling the germs to be 2-3 cm out of the soil.

Further, in the step S1, the uniform color of the pericarp is kept one month before the fruit is ripe, the surface of the pericarp is free from damage of diseases and insects, and the weight of a single fruit is 400-600 g, so that the fruit is ripe fully.

Further, in the step S1, the full maturity is determined as that the fruit peel is cracked to more than half of the double-line of the fruit before picking and reserving seeds.

Further, the perlite in the step S3 has a size of 3mm and is porous.

Further, in the step S3, the perlite is baked at 110 ℃ for 3-4 hours in advance for high-temperature sterilization, and the perlite is cooled to normal temperature for later use.

Further, the inner wall of the foam box for containing the perlite in the step S3 is sprayed and disinfected with 75% medical alcohol for one time before use for later use.

Further, in the step S3, the drying condition of the perlite surface layer is observed, and if the perlite surface layer is dried, a small amount of sterile water can be sprayed for moisture preservation.

Further, in the step S4, the matrix includes, by weight: 50% of bagged organic fertilizer taking cow dung as a matrix, 40% of sandy loam and 10% of inorganic compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 15:15: 15).

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the perlite is used as a storage substrate, is light, has low requirements on loading materials, is small in particle size, porous and stable in water holding, is not easy to sink after water is added, has good air permeability, and does not need to be frequently turned and replenished manually. The perlite has a good moisturizing effect, and is beneficial to promoting germination of the holboellia latifolia seeds when being placed in the heat-preservation foam box.

2. The perlite in the invention is sterilized at a high temperature of 110 ℃, and the inner wall of the foam box for containing the perlite is sprayed and disinfected once by 75 percent medical alcohol before use, so that the phenomena of seed rot and mildew are reduced.

3. The seedling raising method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the time from seed sowing to seedling emergence is 40-45 d, the seedling emergence time of the seeds is greatly shortened compared with that of the traditional method, and the seedlings can be transplanted in the same year.

Detailed Description

The following examples are provided to facilitate understanding of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.

Example 1

A method for shortening the seedling raising time of holboellia latifolia comprises the following specific operation steps:

1. in the holboellia latifolia seed reserving garden, the uniform color of the peel is reserved one month before the fruit is ripe, the surface of the peel has no harm of diseases and insects, the weight of a single fruit is 400-600 g, the fruit is fully ripe, and the standard is that the peel is cracked until the fruit is picked and reserved more than half of the double-suture line.

2. After the fruit is ripe and picked, the peel and pulp are removed, and the caruncle is not damaged in the process of separating the pulp from the seeds.

3. And after the seeds are separated from the pulp, immediately washing the residual pulp on the seeds under clean running water, and slightly airing for later use.

4. And (3) drying the storage matrix perlite (with the particle size of 3mm and multiple pores) at 110 ℃ for 3-4 h in advance, sterilizing at high temperature, and cooling to normal temperature for later use.

5. The inner wall of the foam box for containing the perlite is sprayed and disinfected with 75 percent medical alcohol for one time for standby before use.

6. Fully and uniformly mixing the seeds and the perlite according to the volume ratio of 3:1, and placing the mixture into a heat-preservation foam box. Add sterile water in the pearlite to the water content is 60 ~ 70%, cover the foam box lid, put 15 ~ 20 days on the balcony, detect the water content once during, especially want the dry condition on observation pearlite top layer, can spray a small amount of sterile water moisturizing if the top layer is dry. The radicle can be stretched more than 1cm when the time is 15-20 days.

7. Transferring the seeds with radicles to the substrate in the seedling shed. The matrix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of bagged organic fertilizer taking cow dung as a matrix, 40% of sandy loam, 10% of inorganic compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 15:15), 2-3 cm thick covering seeds with the matrix, 60-70% of matrix humidity and 25-28% of temperature in a seedling raising shed. And (5) the plumule can be unearthed for 2-3 cm after 25-30 days.

According to the traditional seedling raising method of the holboellia latifolia, river sand is used as a storage matrix, although the river sand has a water retention function, the river sand is heavy, the requirement on materials for containing the river sand is high, and the operation is labor-consuming. River sand has poor water retention, water easily sinks, and the river sand needs to be frequently turned and supplemented with water, so that the growth environment of seeds is easily damaged, bacteria are carried in the operation process, and finally, the phenomena of seed rot and mildew are serious. The storage substrate adopted by the invention is perlite. The advantages of small-sized porous perlite (pore size 3mm) as a storage matrix include: the perlite is light, the requirement on loading materials is low, the particle size of the perlite is small, the perlite is porous, the water holding capacity is stable, water is not easy to sink after water is added, the air permeability is good, and manual frequent stirring and water supplement are not needed; meanwhile, because the perlite is sterilized at the high temperature of 110 ℃, the phenomena of seed rot and mildew are less. The perlite has good moisturizing effect, and is more favorable for promoting the germination of the holboellia latifolia seeds when being placed in the heat-preservation foam box. The material for containing the perlite is selected as the heat-insulation foam box, and the wall thickness of the foam box is 10cm, so that the foam box is not easy to damage; the heat preservation foam box is lighter, the heat preservation effect is better, and through covering the back, moisture evaporation capacity is less in the pearlite, can make the seed be in an environment that temperature and humidity are more stable, can effectively satisfy the condition that the august seed germinates, is favorable to the quick emergence of seed. The time required from seed sowing to seedling emergence of the rapid seedling raising method is 40-45 d, compared with the traditional method, the time for seedling emergence of the seeds is shortened by about 200-250 d, and the seeds can be transplanted in the same year.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express one embodiment of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for quickly breeding the seeds of the holboellia latifolia is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,

s2: fully and uniformly mixing the seeds and the perlite according to the volume ratio of 3:1, placing the mixture into a heat-preservation foam box, adding sterile water into the perlite until the water content is 60-70%, covering a foam box cover, placing the foam box on a balcony for 15-20 days, and detecting the water content once until the water content reaches 15-20 days, wherein the radicle can be stretched by more than 1 cm;

2. The rapid seedling raising method for the holboellia latifolia seeds according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S1, the uniform color of the peel is kept one month before the fruit is ripe, the surface of the peel is free from diseases and pests, and the weight of a single fruit is 400-600 g, so that the fruit is ripe fully.

3. The rapid seedling raising method for the holboellia latifolia seeds as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the step S1, the full maturity standard is that the fruit skin is cracked to more than half of the double-suture line of the fruit, and seeds are picked and reserved.

4. The rapid seedling raising method for the holboellia latifolia seeds according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the perlite in the step S3 has a specification of 3mm particle size and is porous.

5. The rapid seedling raising method for the holboellia latifolia seeds according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and S3, drying the perlite for 3-4 h at 110 ℃ in advance, carrying out high-temperature sterilization, and cooling to normal temperature for later use.

6. The rapid seedling raising method for the holboellia latifolia seeds according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the step S3, the inner wall of the foam box for containing the perlite is sprayed and disinfected with 75% medical alcohol for one time before use for later use.

7. The rapid seedling raising method for the holboellia latifolia seeds according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S3, the drying condition of the perlite surface layer is observed, and if the surface layer is dry, a small amount of sterile water can be sprayed for moisture preservation.

8. The rapid seedling raising method for the holboellia latifolia seeds according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S4, the matrix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of bagged organic fertilizer taking cow dung as a matrix, 40% of sandy loam and 10% of inorganic compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 15:15: 15).