CN113203436A - Farmland vegetable quality safety real-time monitoring system and method - Google Patents
Farmland vegetable quality safety real-time monitoring system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113203436A CN113203436A CN202110474854.3A CN202110474854A CN113203436A CN 113203436 A CN113203436 A CN 113203436A CN 202110474854 A CN202110474854 A CN 202110474854A CN 113203436 A CN113203436 A CN 113203436A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/247—Watering arrangements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for monitoring farmland vegetable quality safety in real time, wherein the system comprises a vegetable spraying unit, a wastewater collecting unit, a detection unit and a control unit; the vegetable spray unit includes: the atomizing spray heads are arranged in the vegetable greenhouse, the vegetable greenhouse is divided into a plurality of modules by 1 furrow between adjacent ridges, and the atomizing spray heads are arranged above any furrow; the wastewater collection unit comprises: the lower soil layer of the ridge is provided with the water-resisting layer, the central position of the bottom of the water-resisting layer is provided with the chute along the trend of the ridge, and the top end of the chute is provided with the filtering device for filtering soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, in particular to a system and a method for monitoring farmland vegetable quality safety in real time.
Background
With the improvement of living standard, people pay more and more attention to the quality safety of vegetables. China is a big vegetable producing country, the annual output of the China is the first world, but the pesticide residue or heavy metal content of vegetables is too high, and the poisoning event of eating the vegetables happens occasionally. At present, quality safety detection points are arranged in a lot of vegetable wholesale markets and farmer markets, and a quality safety monitoring information network platform system is built, the system collects and uploads detection data of all detection sites in real time in an online transmission mode, so that the problem that working conditions of a plurality of detection sites cannot be monitored simultaneously by a supervisor is solved, and networking and informatization of supervision work are realized.
However, currently such security detection modes belong to post-market surveillance: the method is limited to sampling detection after vegetables are picked and come into the market, and the unqualified vegetables are subjected to fine payment, cabinet removal or abandonment treatment, although the treatment mode penalizes vegetable suppliers, the vegetables with pesticide residues or heavy metal exceeding standards cannot be changed into qualified vegetables, and the unqualified vegetables are abandoned, so that the waste and the loss of resources are realized.
The problem that the pesticide residues of the vegetables exceed the standard is solved only by delaying the picking time of the vegetables and naturally volatilizing and digesting the pesticide residues, and heavy metals exceeding the standard can be treated in advance, so that the vegetable discarding and fine or the multiple loss caused by the fact that the vegetables flow into the market to harm the public health are avoided. However, a quality safety real-time monitoring system before vegetables come into the market is still lacked in the prior art, so that timely early warning cannot be provided, and overall management cannot be performed by accessing a management system of the internet of things.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the invention provides a system and a method for monitoring the quality safety of vegetables in agricultural and agricultural fields in real time.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a farmland vegetable quality safety real-time monitoring system comprises a vegetable spraying unit, a wastewater collecting unit, a detection unit and a control unit; the vegetable spraying unit comprises: the atomizing spray heads are arranged in the vegetable greenhouse, the vegetable greenhouse is divided into a plurality of modules by 1 furrow between adjacent ridges, and the atomizing spray heads are arranged above any furrow; the wastewater collection unit comprises: the lower soil layer of the ridge is provided with a water-resisting layer, the central position of the bottom of the water-resisting layer is provided with a chute along the direction of the ridge, the top end of the chute is provided with a filtering device for filtering soil, the irrigated wastewater enters the chute through the filtering device, and the lower end of the chute is also connected with a wastewater collecting box embedded in the soil; the detection unit comprises: the heavy metal ion sensor and the pesticide residue biosensor are arranged in the wastewater collection box; the heavy metal ion sensor and the pesticide residue biosensor are respectively in signal connection with the control unit through leads, and the control unit is configured to control an irrigation pumping device and a wastewater recovery pumping device which are arranged in the vegetable greenhouse.
Preferably, a plurality of guide plates are uniformly inserted into the soil in any ridge, the upper ends of the guide plates extend out of the soil surface, and the lower ends of the guide plates are in contact with the upper surface of the water-resisting layer.
Preferably, the top in a field all is equipped with high-pressure water supply pipe along the trend in a field in an arbitrary field, atomizer evenly distributed in high-pressure water supply pipe's lower extreme, high-pressure water supply pipe's upper end and the support fixed connection of setting up in the vegetable greenhouse, high-pressure water supply pipe's the end of intaking be connected with water inlet manifold, water inlet manifold's water inlet be connected with irrigation pumping device's delivery port, irrigation pumping device be high pressure water pump, arbitrary high pressure water supply pipe all is equipped with first solenoid valve with the tip that water inlet manifold is connected, the control unit pass through wire and first solenoid valve, high pressure water pump electric connection.
Preferably, the upper end of the waste water collecting box is provided with a waste water recycling pumping device, the waste water recycling pumping device is a flow pump, the water inlet end of the flow pump is connected with waste water in the waste water collecting box through a first water pipe, the water outlet end of the flow pump is connected with a three-way joint through a second water pipe, one free end of the three-way joint is connected with a first water outlet main pipe preset in the vegetable greenhouse, the end part of the first water outlet main pipe is connected with a waste water recycling tank, the other free end of the three-way joint is connected with a second water outlet main pipe, the end part of the second water outlet main pipe is connected with a harmful waste water collecting tank, 2 free ends of the three-way joint are provided with second electromagnetic valves, and the control unit is electrically connected with the second electromagnetic valves and the flow pump through leads.
Preferably, the high pressure water pump intake the end and be connected with the cross connection, 3 free ends of cross connection respectively with first inlet tube, second inlet tube, third inlet tube and be connected, first inlet tube, second inlet tube, third inlet tube in all be equipped with the third solenoid valve, the control unit pass through the wire respectively with third solenoid valve electric connection, first inlet tube be connected with harmful waste water collecting pit, the second inlet tube be connected with waste water recovery pond, the third inlet tube be connected with the clear water supply pipe.
Preferably, the control unit is further provided with a wireless transmission module, and the detection information of the heavy metal ions and the pesticide residues is transmitted to the vegetable quality supervision center in real time through the wireless transmission module.
Preferably, the wastewater recovery tank is internally provided with a water level detection device, the water level detection device comprises a ball grid ruler longitudinally arranged on the side wall of the wastewater recovery tank and a reading head arranged on the ball grid ruler, and the reading head is connected with the floating device and is in signal connection with the control unit through a signal line.
A monitoring method of a farmland vegetable quality safety real-time monitoring system comprises the following steps: the vegetable quality real-time supervision unit, the waste water recycling unit and the harmful waste water treatment early warning unit are controlled by the control unit, and management of a vegetable quality supervision center and implementation of planters are combined.
Preferably, the vegetable quality real-time supervision unit comprises the following contents: (1) numbering the vegetables planted in each ridge by taking the ridge as a unit, wherein the numbering content comprises farm information, vegetable greenhouse information, position information of the ridge and vegetable variety information; (2) monitoring the quality of the numbered vegetables in real time, wherein the monitored content comprises whether heavy metal and pesticide residue in a wastewater collection box exceed standards or not, if the heavy metal and pesticide residue exceed standards, directly judging that the numbered vegetables have quality problems, marking the vegetables, sending related information to a vegetable quality supervision center, giving an instruction of delaying the sale of the vegetables to be harvested and the vegetable quality supervision center, carrying out subsequent observation, and carrying out suggestion of regulating the heavy metal content and pesticide dosage of soil on the vegetables in a growth period and carrying out subsequent observation; (3) detecting heavy metal and pesticide residue data of numbered vegetables in a sampling detection mode, comparing the data with heavy metal and pesticide residue data in a wastewater collection box, and searching for correlation, wherein when the heavy metal or pesticide residue of the numbered vegetables exceeds the standard and the heavy metal and pesticide residue data in the wastewater collection box do not exceed the standard, the data is used as an early warning signal to be sent to a vegetable quality supervision center, and the vegetable quality supervision center prompts a grower to perform sampling detection periodically until the data of the early warning signal is reduced and the sampling detection result returns to normal; (4) the vegetable quality monitoring center conducts traceability investigation according to vegetable numbers, objectively treats the excessive vegetable caused by objective reasons, and conducts double penalty for the excessive vegetable caused by the subjective reasons, so that the loss of the person who withdrew the vegetable is greater than the loss of postponing the vegetable to be on the market.
Preferably, the wastewater recycling unit comprises the following components: (1) taking the day as a unit, and periodically pumping out the wastewater in the wastewater collection tank through a flow pump; (2) before pumping out, the control unit distinguishes the wastewater according to the detection information of heavy metal and pesticide residue, and the wastewater in a safe range is discharged into a wastewater recovery tank through a first water outlet main pipe through a flow pump; (3) arranging a waste water recycling mode according to different harvest periods of numbered vegetables in each ridge; (4) stopping using the wastewater for irrigating the vegetables entering the harvest period; for vegetables in a growing period, the waste water is used for irrigating, and the use of pesticides and fertilizers is reduced; (5) if the water level in the wastewater collection box exceeds the standard within the regular time, the flow pump is automatically started to discharge redundant wastewater into the wastewater recovery pool, and an alarm device connected with the control unit prompts whether the irrigation quantity of the planting person is disordered or not.
Preferably, the harmful wastewater treatment early warning unit comprises the following contents: (1) when the heavy metal or pesticide residue of the wastewater in the wastewater collection tank exceeds the standard or reaches an early warning value, directly discharging the wastewater into a harmful wastewater collection tank through a flow pump; (2) the harmful wastewater collection tank is provided with a detection device, the detection device comprises a heavy metal ion sensor and a pesticide residue biosensor, and the detection device is connected with the control unit through a signal wire; (3) and the waste water in the harmful waste water collecting tank is manually treated, and is put into use through the control unit after being qualified.
The farmland vegetable quality safety real-time monitoring system has the following beneficial effects: the invention realizes real-time quality supervision of vegetables in a planting area before the vegetables come into the market, can further improve the vegetable quality supervision effect, reduce the labor amount of related workers, avoid the defect of sampling detection, assist the growers in better operating healthy vegetables, simultaneously facilitate the physical health of the masses, provide a brand-new management mode for the managers and promote the healthy development of the vegetable market economy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front sectional view of a vegetable spray unit and a wastewater collection unit of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of a vegetable spray unit, a wastewater collection unit, a detection unit, and a control unit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the present invention;
1: light-transmitting film, 2: a bracket, 3: connecting piece, 4: high-pressure water supply pipe, 5: atomizer, 6: ridge, 7: soil, 8: water barrier layer, 9: filter device, 10: chute, 11: deflector, 12: vegetables, 13: waste water collection tank, 14: heavy metal ion sensor, 15: flotation device, 16: ball grid ruler, 17: reading head, 18: a signal line; 19: control unit, 20: flow pump, 21: water intake manifold, 22: first electromagnetic valve, 23: furrow, 24: vegetable number tag, 25: second water pipe, 26: three-way joint, 27: first outlet manifold, 28: second water outlet header pipe, 29: high-pressure water pump, 30: four-way joint, 31: third electromagnetic valve, 32: third water inlet pipe, 33: first water inlet pipe, 34: second inlet tube, 35: harmful waste water collecting tank, 36: detection device, 37: wastewater recovery tank, 38: water quality detector, 39: a pesticide residue biosensor.
Detailed Description
In the following, embodiments of the present invention are described in detail in a stepwise manner, which is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations and positional relationships based on the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only used for describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation and a specific orientation configuration and operation, and thus, the present invention is not to be construed as being limited thereto.
Example 1, as shown in figures 1-3:
a farmland vegetable quality safety real-time monitoring system comprises a vegetable spraying unit, a wastewater collecting unit, a detection unit and a control unit; the vegetable spray unit system comprises: the atomizing spray heads 5 are arranged in the vegetable greenhouse, the vegetable greenhouse is divided into a plurality of modules by 1 furrow 23 between adjacent ridges 6, and the atomizing spray heads 5 are arranged above any furrow 23; the wastewater collection unit comprises: a water-resisting layer 8 is arranged on the lower soil layer of the ridge 23, a chute 10 is arranged in the center of the bottom of the water-resisting layer 8 along the direction of the ridge 23, a filtering device 9 for filtering soil is arranged at the top end of the chute 10, the irrigated wastewater enters the chute 10 through the filtering device 9, and a wastewater collecting box 13 embedded in the soil is further connected to the lower end of the chute 10; the detection unit comprises: the heavy metal ion sensor 14 and the pesticide residue biosensor 39 are arranged in the wastewater collection box; the heavy metal ion sensor 14 and the pesticide residue biosensor 39 are respectively in signal connection with the control unit 19 through leads, and the control unit 19 is configured to control an irrigation pumping device and a wastewater recovery pumping device which are arranged in the vegetable greenhouse;
a plurality of guide plates 11 are uniformly inserted into the soil in any furrow 23, the upper ends of the guide plates extend out of the soil surface, and the lower ends of the guide plates are contacted with the upper surface of the water-resisting layer 8;
a high-pressure water supply pipe 4 is arranged above any furrow 23 along the trend of the furrow 23, the atomizing nozzles 5 are uniformly distributed at the lower end of the high-pressure water supply pipe 4, the upper end of the high-pressure water supply pipe 4 is fixedly connected with a support 2 erected in the vegetable greenhouse, the water inlet end of the high-pressure water supply pipe 4 is connected with a water inlet main pipe 21, the water inlet of the water inlet main pipe 21 is connected with the water outlet of an irrigation pumping device, the irrigation pumping device is a high-pressure water pump 29, a first electromagnetic valve 22 is arranged at the end part of any high-pressure water supply pipe 4 connected with the water inlet main pipe 21, and the control unit 19 is electrically connected with the first electromagnetic valve and the high-pressure water pump 29 through wires;
the upper end of the waste water collecting box 13 is provided with a waste water recycling pumping device which is a flow pump 20, the water inlet end of the flow pump is connected with waste water in the waste water collecting box 13 through a first water pipe, the water outlet end of the flow pump is connected with a three-way joint 26 through a second water pipe 25, one free end of the three-way joint is connected with a first water outlet main pipe 27 preset in the vegetable greenhouse, the end part of the first water outlet main pipe 27 is connected with a waste water recycling tank 37, the other free end of the three-way joint 26 is connected with a second water outlet main pipe 28, the end part of the second water outlet main pipe 28 is connected with a harmful waste water collecting tank 35, 2 free ends of the three-way joint are provided with second electromagnetic valves, and the control unit is electrically connected with the second electromagnetic valves and the flow pump 20 through leads respectively;
the water inlet end of the high-pressure water pump 29 is connected with a four-way joint 30, 3 free ends of the four-way joint 30 are respectively connected with a first water inlet pipe 33, a second water inlet pipe 34 and a third water inlet pipe 32, third electromagnetic valves 31 are respectively arranged in the first water inlet pipe 33, the second water inlet pipe 34 and the third water inlet pipe 32, the control unit 19 is respectively and electrically connected with the third electromagnetic valves through leads, the first water inlet pipe 33 is connected with a harmful wastewater collection tank 35, the second water inlet pipe 34 is connected with a wastewater recovery tank 37, and the third water inlet pipe 32 is connected with a clean water supply pipe;
the control unit 19 is also provided with a wireless transmission module, and transmits the detection information of the heavy metal ions and the pesticide residues to a vegetable quality supervision center in real time through the wireless transmission module;
the waste water recycling tank 13 is internally provided with a water level detection device, the water level detection device comprises a ball grid ruler 16 longitudinally arranged on the side wall of the waste water recycling tank 13 and a reading head 17 arranged on the ball grid ruler 16, and the reading head 17 is connected with the floating device 15 and is in signal connection with a control unit 19 through a signal line 18.
Example 2, as shown in figures 1-3:
the embodiment is an improvement on the basis of embodiment 1, and specifically includes:
a monitoring method of a farmland vegetable quality safety real-time monitoring system comprises the following steps: the vegetable quality real-time supervision unit, the waste water recycling unit and the harmful waste water treatment early warning unit are controlled by the control unit and are carried out by combining the management of a vegetable quality supervision center and the implementation of a grower;
the real-time vegetable quality monitoring unit comprises the following contents: (1) numbering the vegetables planted in each furrow 23 by taking the furrow 23 as a unit, wherein the numbering content comprises farm information, vegetable greenhouse information, position information of the furrow 23 and vegetable variety information; (2) monitoring the quality of the numbered vegetables in real time, wherein the monitored content comprises whether heavy metal and pesticide residue in the wastewater collection box 13 exceed standards or not, if the heavy metal and pesticide residue exceed standards, directly judging that the numbered vegetables have quality problems, marking the vegetables, sending related information to a vegetable quality supervision center, giving an instruction of delaying the sale of the vegetables to be harvested and the vegetable quality supervision center, carrying out subsequent observation, and carrying out suggestion of regulating the heavy metal content and pesticide dosage of the soil on the vegetables in a growth period and carrying out subsequent observation; (3) detecting the heavy metal and pesticide residue data of the numbered vegetables in a sampling detection mode, comparing the data with the heavy metal and pesticide residue data in the wastewater collection box 13, and searching for correlation, when the heavy metal or pesticide residue of the numbered vegetables exceeds the standard and the heavy metal and pesticide residue data in the wastewater collection box 13 does not exceed the standard, sending the data to a vegetable quality supervision center as an early warning signal, wherein the vegetable quality supervision center prompts a grower to perform sampling detection regularly until the data of the early warning signal is reduced and the sampling detection result returns to normal; (4) the vegetables with normal detection data but showing excessive heavy metal or pesticide residue after being listed are subjected to tracing investigation by a vegetable quality supervision center according to vegetable numbers, objective treatment is carried out aiming at excessive standard caused by objective reasons, and double penalty is given aiming at excessive standard caused by concealed report caused by subjective reasons, so that the loss of concealed reports is greater than the loss of delayed vegetables on the market;
the wastewater recycling unit comprises the following contents: (1) periodically pumping the wastewater in the wastewater collection tank 13 out through the flow pump 20 by taking days as units; (2) before pumping out, the control unit distinguishes the wastewater according to the detection information of heavy metal and pesticide residue, and the wastewater in a safe range is discharged into a wastewater recovery tank 37 through a flow pump 20 and a first water outlet header pipe 27; (3) arranging a wastewater recycling mode according to different harvest periods of numbered vegetables in each furrow 23; (4) stopping using the wastewater for irrigating the vegetables entering the harvest period; for vegetables in a growing period, the waste water is used for irrigating, and the use of pesticides and fertilizers is reduced; (5) if the water level in the wastewater collection tank exceeds the standard within the regular time, the flow pump is automatically started to discharge the redundant wastewater into the wastewater recovery tank 37, and an alarm device connected with the control unit prompts whether the irrigation quantity of the implant is disordered or not;
the harmful waste water treatment early warning unit comprises the following contents: (1) when the heavy metal or pesticide residue of the wastewater in the wastewater collection tank exceeds the standard or reaches an early warning value, the wastewater is directly discharged into a harmful wastewater collection tank 35 through a flow pump; (2) a detection device 36 is arranged in the harmful wastewater collection tank 35, the detection device 36 comprises a heavy metal ion sensor and a pesticide residue biosensor, and the detection device 36 is connected with the control unit through a signal line; (3) and the waste water in the harmful waste water collecting tank is manually treated, and is put into use through the control unit after being qualified.
The use principle of the invention is as follows:
1. because the detection range of the existing sensor is very limited, if the heavy metal and pesticide residue of crops are monitored in a large area and exceed the standard, the existing detection mode needs to be improved, and the problem is effectively solved by arranging the vegetable spraying unit, the waste water collecting unit, the detection unit and the control unit.
When spraying, pesticide residue on vegetables fruit or stem leaf can flow into in the soil, also some can flow down through the guide plate, finally all can flow to the water barrier, and the material of water barrier is known content, has multiple options, does not do the repeated description. The water flowing onto the water-resisting layer enters the chute through the filtering device, part of pesticide residues on the vegetables and heavy metal ions in the soil can be taken away in the flowing process of the water, and the water enters the wastewater collection box and then passes through the heavy metal ion sensor 14 and the pesticide residue biosensor 39.
The water level information detected by the water level detection device and the size information of the wastewater collection box can be combined to calculate the heavy metal content and pesticide residue in the wastewater of unit volume, if the index in the wastewater collection box exceeds the standard, the quality problem of the numbered vegetables can be directly judged, and the detected result is after spraying, which means that at least the heavy metal and pesticide residue exist in the soil or vegetables before spraying.
Therefore, the vegetable quality supervision center supervises in time reasonably, and the supervised sampling detection has two results, wherein one result is that the former result exceeds the standard, heavy metal or pesticide residue which exceeds the standard is washed away after irrigation, and the other result is that the sampling detection or the standard exceeds the standard after supervision, and no matter which result is, subsequent observation and treatment are necessary until the detection result after irrigation is normal, namely, the detection result after vegetable receiving and selling is in accordance with the standard.
2. Because the system needs to spend financial resources and may influence popularization and use, the invention can save a large amount of water sources for the vegetables in the farm greenhouse and recover capital for monitoring the invested vegetables by arranging the waste water collecting unit and recycling and treating the waste water, and on the other hand, timely early warning and treatment can also enable growers to avoid great risks, thereby having long-term economic benefits.
3. The vegetable quality monitoring center is connected with the vegetable quality monitoring center by accessing the Internet of things, the working mode that the vegetable quality monitoring center takes the sampling detection after the vegetable is on the market as the gravity center is changed into the mode that the vegetable quality monitoring before the market is taken as the gravity center and the sampling detection after the market is taken as the assistance, so that the problems that the heavy metal of the vegetable exceeds the standard and the pesticide residue exceeds the standard can be fundamentally solved, a grower is helped to better manage the greenhouse vegetable, the economic benefit is improved, the healthy vegetable and economic hook can really go on the road, and the risk that the health of the popular edible vegetable is harmed is avoided.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a farmland vegetables quality safety real-time monitoring system which characterized in that: comprises a vegetable spraying unit, a wastewater collecting unit, a detection unit and a control unit; the vegetable spraying unit comprises: the atomizing spray heads are arranged in the vegetable greenhouse, the vegetable greenhouse is divided into a plurality of modules by 1 furrow between adjacent ridges, and the atomizing spray heads are arranged above any furrow; the wastewater collection unit comprises: the lower soil layer of the ridge is provided with a water-resisting layer, the central position of the bottom of the water-resisting layer is provided with a chute along the direction of the ridge, the top end of the chute is provided with a filtering device for filtering soil, the irrigated wastewater enters the chute through the filtering device, and the lower end of the chute is also connected with a wastewater collecting box embedded in the soil; the detection unit comprises: the heavy metal ion sensor and the pesticide residue biosensor are arranged in the wastewater collection box; the heavy metal ion sensor and the pesticide residue biosensor are respectively in signal connection with the control unit through leads, and the control unit is configured to control an irrigation pumping device and a wastewater recovery pumping device which are arranged in the vegetable greenhouse.
2. The farmland vegetable quality safety real-time monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: a plurality of guide plates are uniformly inserted into the soil in any ridge, the upper ends of the guide plates extend out of the soil surface, and the lower ends of the guide plates are in contact with the upper surface of the water-resisting layer.
3. The farmland vegetable quality safety real-time monitoring system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the top in a field all is equipped with high-pressure water supply pipe along the trend in a field, atomizer evenly distributed in high-pressure water supply pipe's lower extreme, high-pressure water supply pipe's upper end and the support fixed connection of setting up in the vegetable greenhouse, high-pressure water supply pipe's the end of intaking be connected with water inlet manifold, water inlet manifold's water inlet be connected with irrigation pumping installations's delivery port, irrigation pumping installations be high pressure water pump, the tip that arbitrary high-pressure water supply pipe is connected with water inlet manifold all is equipped with first solenoid valve, the control unit pass through wire and first solenoid valve, high pressure water pump electric connection.
4. The farmland vegetable quality safety real-time monitoring system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the upper end of the waste water collecting box is provided with a waste water recycling pumping device which is a flow pump, the water inlet end of the flow pump is connected with waste water in the waste water collecting box through a first water pipe, the water outlet end of the flow pump is connected with a tee joint through a second water pipe, one free end of the tee joint is connected with a first water outlet main pipe preset in the vegetable greenhouse, the end of the first water outlet main pipe is connected with a waste water recycling tank, the other free end of the tee joint is connected with a second water outlet main pipe, the end of the second water outlet main pipe is connected with a harmful waste water collecting tank, 2 free ends of the tee joint are provided with second electromagnetic valves, and the control unit is electrically connected with the second electromagnetic valves and the flow pump through leads.
5. The farmland vegetable quality safety real-time monitoring system as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the high pressure water pump intake the end and be connected with the cross connection, 3 free ends of cross connection respectively with first inlet tube, second inlet tube, third inlet tube and be connected, first inlet tube, second inlet tube, third inlet tube in all be equipped with the third solenoid valve, the control unit pass through the wire respectively with third solenoid valve electric connection, first inlet tube be connected with harmful waste water collecting pit, the second inlet tube be connected with waste water recovery pond, the third inlet tube be connected with the clear water supply pipe.
6. The farmland vegetable quality safety real-time monitoring system as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: the control unit still be equipped with wireless transmission module to transmit heavy metal ion and pesticide residue's detection information real-time transmission to vegetables quality supervisory center through wireless transmission module: the waste water recovery tank in still be equipped with water level detection device, water level detection device include along vertically locating the ball bar chi on the lateral wall of waste water recovery tank, locate the reading head on the ball bar chi, the reading head be connected with cursory device to be connected with the control unit signal through the signal line.
7. The monitoring method of the farmland vegetable quality safety real-time monitoring system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the monitoring method comprises the following steps: the vegetable quality real-time supervision unit, the waste water recycling unit and the harmful waste water treatment early warning unit are controlled by the control unit, and management of a vegetable quality supervision center and implementation of planters are combined.
8. The monitoring method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the real-time vegetable quality monitoring unit comprises the following contents: (1) numbering the vegetables planted in each ridge by taking the ridge as a unit, wherein the numbering content comprises farm information, vegetable greenhouse information, position information of the ridge and vegetable variety information; (2) monitoring the quality of the numbered vegetables in real time, wherein the monitored content comprises whether heavy metal and pesticide residue in a wastewater collection box exceed standards or not, if the heavy metal and pesticide residue exceed standards, directly judging that the numbered vegetables have quality problems, marking the vegetables, sending related information to a vegetable quality supervision center, giving an instruction of delaying the sale of the vegetables to be harvested and the vegetable quality supervision center, carrying out subsequent observation, and carrying out suggestion of regulating the heavy metal content and pesticide dosage of soil on the vegetables in a growth period and carrying out subsequent observation; (3) detecting heavy metal and pesticide residue data of numbered vegetables in a sampling detection mode, comparing the data with heavy metal and pesticide residue data in a wastewater collection box, and searching for correlation, wherein when the heavy metal or pesticide residue of the numbered vegetables exceeds the standard and the heavy metal and pesticide residue data in the wastewater collection box do not exceed the standard, the data is used as an early warning signal to be sent to a vegetable quality supervision center, and the vegetable quality supervision center prompts a grower to perform sampling detection periodically until the data of the early warning signal is reduced and the sampling detection result returns to normal; (4) the vegetable quality monitoring center conducts traceability investigation according to vegetable numbers, objectively treats the excessive vegetable caused by objective reasons, and conducts double penalty for the excessive vegetable caused by the subjective reasons, so that the loss of the person who withdrew the vegetable is greater than the loss of postponing the vegetable to be on the market.
9. The monitoring method according to claim 8, characterized in that: the wastewater recycling unit comprises the following contents: (1) taking the day as a unit, and periodically pumping out the wastewater in the wastewater collection tank through a flow pump; (2) before pumping out, the control unit distinguishes the wastewater according to the detection information of heavy metal and pesticide residue, and the wastewater in a safe range is discharged into a wastewater recovery tank through a first water outlet main pipe through a flow pump; (3) arranging a waste water recycling mode according to different harvest periods of numbered vegetables in each ridge; (4) stopping using the wastewater for irrigating the vegetables entering the harvest period; for vegetables in a growing period, the waste water is used for irrigating, and the use of pesticides and fertilizers is reduced; (5) if the water level in the wastewater collection box exceeds the standard within the regular time, the flow pump is automatically started to discharge redundant wastewater into the wastewater recovery pool, and an alarm device connected with the control unit prompts whether the irrigation quantity of the planting person is disordered or not.
10. A monitoring method according to claim 9, characterized in that: the harmful waste water treatment early warning unit comprises the following contents: (1) when the heavy metal or pesticide residue of the wastewater in the wastewater collection tank exceeds the standard or reaches an early warning value, directly discharging the wastewater into a harmful wastewater collection tank through a flow pump; (2) the harmful wastewater collection tank is provided with a detection device, the detection device comprises a heavy metal ion sensor and a pesticide residue biosensor, and the detection device is connected with the control unit through a signal wire; (3) and the waste water in the harmful waste water collecting tank is manually treated, and is put into use through the control unit after being qualified.
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