CN113202043A - 一种复合材料钢性护栏板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种复合材料钢性护栏板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113202043A
CN113202043A CN202110678980.0A CN202110678980A CN113202043A CN 113202043 A CN113202043 A CN 113202043A CN 202110678980 A CN202110678980 A CN 202110678980A CN 113202043 A CN113202043 A CN 113202043A
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composite material
layer
glass fiber
guardrail plate
reinforced composite
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王一峰
谢新宇
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Zhejiang Jinshan Road Facilities Co ltd
Wenzhou Research Institute Of Zhejiang University
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Wenzhou Research Institute Of Zhejiang University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种复合材料钢性护栏板及其制备方法，该护栏板为横截面呈波形的长薄板，包括表面防护层、纤维增强复合材料层和钢核心结构层，表面防护层由玻璃纤维粗纱、不饱和树脂和有机硅聚脲涂料混合制成；纤维增强复合材料层由玻璃纤维粗纱、玻璃纤维编织物、不饱和树脂和固化剂混合制成；钢核心结构层由钢板构成。本发明通过在以钢板构成的钢核心结构层外依次覆盖采用玻璃纤维粗纱及玻璃纤维编织物和不饱和树脂组成的纤维增强复合材料层、采用玻璃纤维粗纱和不饱和树脂组成的表面防护层，构成复合材料钢性护栏板，使得护栏板具有重量轻、强度高、耐腐蚀、经济性出色且环保的特点。

Description

一种复合材料钢性护栏板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种公路交通安全设施，具体涉及一种复合材料钢性护栏板及其制备方法。
背景技术
作为一种公路交通安全设施，高速公路、国道护栏板设置在道路的两侧，利用土基、立柱、护栏板、防阻块的变形来吸收碰撞能量，并迫使失控车辆改变方向，恢复到正常的行驶方向，防止车辆冲出路外，以保护车辆和乘客，减少事故造成的损失。现有的高速公路、国道护栏板通常采用波形钢护栏板相互拼接并由立柱支撑的连续结构，波形护栏板刚柔相兼，具有一定吸收碰撞能量的能力。然而现有的高速公路、国道护栏板以钢质材料为主，而钢质材料容易锈蚀的特性令后期维护成本很高，且比重大、成本高。为了弥补钢质护栏的以上不足，国内外急需研发一种新材质的公路护栏来满足这一要求。
发明内容
本发明旨在解决上述问题，提供一种重量轻、强度高、耐腐蚀、经济性出色且环保的复合材料钢性护栏板及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一方面，本发明提供一种复合材料钢性护栏板，护栏板为横截面呈波形的长薄板，包括表面防护层、纤维增强复合材料层和钢核心结构层；所述表面防护层由玻璃纤维粗纱、不饱和树脂和有机硅聚脲涂料混合制成；所述纤维增强复合材料层由玻璃纤维粗纱、玻璃纤维编织物、不饱和树脂和固化剂混合制成；所述钢核心结构层由钢板构成。
进一步地，所述表面防护层喷涂在所述纤维增强复合材料层外表面，厚度根据防护场景具体设置，例如厚度可设置为0.02mm。
进一步地，所述表面防护层的主要成分为质量分数30％～40％玻璃纤维粗纱和40％～50％不饱和树脂，并加入有机硅聚脲涂料增强抗紫外线防老化能力。
进一步地，所述纤维增强复合材料层包裹在所述钢核心结构层外表面，厚度根据防护场景具体设置，例如厚度可设置为1mm。
进一步地，所述纤维增强复合材料层的主要成分为质量分数20％～30％玻璃纤维粗纱、10％～15％玻璃纤维编织物和40％～50％不饱和树脂，并加入固化剂使其固化，固化剂主要成分为氧化镁。
进一步地，所述钢核心结构层的厚度根据防护场景具体设置，例如厚度可设置为2mm。
进一步地，所述护栏板靠近端部两侧各设有若干拼接螺孔和连接螺孔，用于拼接和固定护栏板。
进一步地，所述护栏板的钢核心结构层外表面依次被纤维增强复合材料层和表面防护层包裹，所述表面防护层、纤维增强复合材料层和钢核心结构层紧密粘合。
另一方面，本发明提供一种复合材料钢性护栏板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将玻璃纤维粗纱、玻璃纤维编织物、不饱和树脂及固化剂混合搅拌均匀；
(2)将金属模具预热至80～120℃；
(3)将作为钢核心结构层的钢板放置在金属模具中；
(4)将步骤(1)的搅拌物料倒入金属模具中与所述钢板均匀混合，使物料对钢板形成包裹；
(5)采用液压机对金属模具施加压力，压力在0.5～1.0MPa范围内保持55～65分钟，使物料定型为纤维增强复合材料层；
(6)开模，取出步骤(5)制得的结构修边并在其端部两侧各打若干拼接螺孔和连接螺孔；
(7)将玻璃纤维粗纱、不饱和树脂及有机硅聚脲涂料混合搅拌均匀，喷涂在步骤制得的结构外表面，形成紧密粘合的表面防护层后取出并二次修边。
本发明的有益效果为：
1.本发明将纤维增强复合材料与钢材结合，合理地利用两种材料的特性，改善护栏板缓冲功能的同时，减轻重量，且克服现有波形梁护栏板易腐蚀生锈的缺陷，降低安装和维护成本。
2.本发明产品制造工艺采用模压成型改进技术，既强化了护栏板的横向强度又使其纵向拉伸强度达到新高度，能有效抵抗冲击。
3.本发明产品采用特殊配方以及独有的生产工艺，在正常使用20年后其强度保留率仍然能达到85％，能够降低后期维护费用、明显提高综合效益；
4.本发明产品采用高温模压生产，生产流程受到严格控制、一次成型，生产效率高、产品质量稳定。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的复合材料钢性护栏板外观立体结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的复合材料钢性护栏板的局部横截剖视图及放大视图。
具体实施方式
下列实施例是对本发明的进一步解释和补充，对本发明不构成任何限制。
如图1所示，本发明实施例提供的护栏板是以不饱和树脂为基体，玻璃纤维粗纱、玻璃纤维编织物、钢材等为增强材料，采用模压成型技术制造而成的一种新型复合材料钢性护栏板。该护栏板为横截面呈波形长薄板的多层结构，包括表面防护层2、纤维增强复合材料层3和钢核心结构层4。
所述表面防护层2由玻璃纤维粗纱、不饱和树脂和有机硅聚脲涂料混合制成；所述纤维增强复合材料层3由玻璃纤维粗纱、玻璃纤维编织物、不饱和树脂和固化剂混合制成；所述钢核心结构层4由钢板构成。
如图2所示，所述表面防护层2喷涂在所述纤维增强复合材料层3外表面，厚度为0.02mm。
所述表面防护层2的主要成分为质量分数30％～40％玻璃纤维粗纱和40％～50％不饱和树脂，并加入有机硅聚脲涂料增强抗紫外线防老化能力。
如图2所示，所述纤维增强复合材料层3包裹在所述钢核心结构层4外表面，厚度为1mm。
所述纤维增强复合材料层3的主要成分为质量分数20％～30％玻璃纤维粗纱、10％～15％玻璃纤维编织物和40％～50％不饱和树脂，并加入固化剂使其固化，固化剂主要成分为氧化镁。
如图2所示，所述钢核心结构层4的厚度为2mm。
所述护栏板1靠近端部两侧各设有若干拼接螺孔5和连接螺孔6，用于拼接和固定护栏板。
如图2所示，所述护栏板1的钢核心结构层4外表面依次被纤维增强复合材料层3和表面防护层2包裹，所述表面防护层2、纤维增强复合材料层3和钢核心结构层4紧密粘合。
在一个实施例中，所述表面防护层2的主要成分为质量分数35％玻璃纤维粗纱和45％不饱和树脂，并加入20％有机硅聚脲涂料增强抗紫外线防老化能力；所述纤维增强复合材料层3的主要成分为质量分数30％玻璃纤维粗纱、15％玻璃纤维编织物和50％不饱和树脂，并加入5％固化剂使其固化，固化剂主要成分为氧化镁。
本发明实施例还提供一种复合材料钢性护栏板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将玻璃纤维粗纱、玻璃纤维编织物、不饱和树脂及固化剂混合搅拌均匀；
(2)将金属模具预热至80～120℃；
(3)将作为钢核心结构层4的钢板放置在金属模具中；
(4)将步骤(1)的搅拌物料倒入金属模具中与所述钢板均匀混合，使物料对钢板形成包裹；
(5)采用液压机对金属模具施加压力，压力在0.5～1.0MPa范围内保持55～65分钟，使物料定型为纤维增强复合材料层3；
(6)开模，取出步骤(5)制得的结构修边并在其端部两侧各打若干拼接螺孔5和连接螺孔6；
(7)将玻璃纤维粗纱、不饱和树脂及有机硅聚脲涂料混合搅拌均匀，喷涂在步骤(6)制得的结构外表面，形成紧密粘合的表面防护层2后取出并二次修边，得到表面光滑、形状和尺寸相对稳定、强度极高、具有良好物理性能和化学性能的复合材料钢性护栏板。
所述钢核心结构层4有效提高了护栏板的横向强度及立柱连接处的剪切强度，能抵抗和吸收冲击能量；所述纤维增强复合材料层3覆盖在钢核心结构层4外表面上，可改善护栏板缓冲功能并强化护栏板的纵向强度；所述表面防护层2的抗腐蚀性和耐久性出色。
本发明采用的多层复合结构使护栏板的强度不亚于4mm厚度的钢制波形梁护栏板，减轻护栏板的重量并改善了护栏板的缓冲功能，能够抵抗和吸收冲击能量并发挥导向功能。本发明表面防护层2中掺有抗紫外线防老化材料，耐久性优异，且克服了现有波形梁护栏板易腐蚀生锈的缺陷，可大幅减少后期维护费用。
上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。

Claims (10)

1.一种复合材料钢性护栏板，其特征在于：所述护栏板(1)为横截面呈波形的长薄板，包括表面防护层(2)、纤维增强复合材料层(3)和钢核心结构层(4)；所述表面防护层(2)由玻璃纤维粗纱、不饱和树脂和有机硅聚脲涂料混合制成；所述纤维增强复合材料层(3)由玻璃纤维粗纱、玻璃纤维编织物、不饱和树脂和固化剂混合制成；所述钢核心结构层(4)由钢板构成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料钢性护栏板，其特征在于：所述表面防护层(2)喷涂在所述纤维增强复合材料层(3)外表面，厚度根据防护场景具体设置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料钢性护栏板，其特征在于：所述表面防护层(2)的主要成分为质量分数30％～40％玻璃纤维粗纱和40％～50％不饱和树脂，并加入有机硅聚脲涂料增强抗紫外线防老化能力。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料钢性护栏板，其特征在于：所述纤维增强复合材料层(3)包裹在所述钢核心结构层(4)外表面，厚度根据防护场景具体设置。
5.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料钢性护栏板，其特征在于：所述纤维增强复合材料层(3)的主要成分为质量分数20％～30％玻璃纤维粗纱、10％～15％玻璃纤维编织物和40％～50％不饱和树脂，并加入固化剂使其固化。
6.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料钢性护栏板，其特征在于：所述钢核心结构层(4)的厚度根据防护场景具体设置。
7.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料钢性护栏板，其特征在于：所述护栏板(1)靠近端部两侧各设有若干拼接螺孔(5)和连接螺孔(6)，用于拼接和固定护栏板。
8.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料钢性护栏板，其特征在于：所述护栏板(1)的钢核心结构层(4)外表面依次被纤维增强复合材料层(3)和表面防护层(2)包裹，所述表面防护层(2)、纤维增强复合材料层(3)和钢核心结构层(4)紧密粘合。
9.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料钢性护栏板，其特征在于：所述表面防护层(2)厚度为0.02mm，所述纤维增强复合材料层(3)厚度为1mm，所述钢核心结构层(4)厚度为2mm。
10.一种权利要求1-9任一项所述复合材料钢性护栏板的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)将玻璃纤维粗纱、玻璃纤维编织物、不饱和树脂及固化剂混合搅拌均匀；
(2)将金属模具预热至80～120℃；
(3)将作为钢核心结构层(4)的钢板放置在金属模具中；
(4)将步骤(1)的搅拌物料倒入金属模具中与所述钢板均匀混合，使物料对钢板形成包裹；
(5)采用液压机对金属模具施加压力，压力在0.5～1.0MPa范围内保持55～65分钟，使物料定型为纤维增强复合材料层(3)；
(6)开模，取出步骤(5)制得的结构修边并在其端部两侧各打若干拼接螺孔(5)和连接螺孔(6)；
(7)将玻璃纤维粗纱、不饱和树脂及有机硅聚脲涂料混合搅拌均匀，喷涂在步骤(6)制得的结构外表面，形成紧密粘合的表面防护层(2)后取出并二次修边。
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