CN113195957B - 用于隔绝金属片材管道或腔体的自粘柔性矿棉层合材料 - Google Patents

用于隔绝金属片材管道或腔体的自粘柔性矿棉层合材料 Download PDF

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CN113195957B
CN113195957B CN201980074875.7A CN201980074875A CN113195957B CN 113195957 B CN113195957 B CN 113195957B CN 201980074875 A CN201980074875 A CN 201980074875A CN 113195957 B CN113195957 B CN 113195957B
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mineral wool
adhesive
double
laminate
holes
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CN113195957A (zh
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M·A·雅韦什
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Kuwait Insulating Material Manufacturing Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及柔性自粘矿棉层合材料，其包括：‑具有第一和第二主要面的矿棉隔绝垫，‑层合到该矿棉隔绝垫的第一主要面上的第一面料,‑第二面料，其是双面粘合结构，其粘合剂面中的一个粘附到矿棉隔绝垫的第二主要面上，另一粘合剂面由压敏粘合剂制成或包含压敏粘合剂，该层合材料的特征在于如下事实：双面粘合结构包括多个通孔，并涉及此类层合材料用于隔绝金属片材管道或腔体的用途。

Description

用于隔绝金属片材管道或腔体的自粘柔性矿棉层合材料
本发明涉及柔性自粘矿棉层合材料，其用于隔绝HVAC系统（加热、通风和空调）或其它金属片材腔体，如罐。
管道和导管用于在建筑采暖、通风和空调（HVAC）系统中输送空气。这些管道通常由金属片材形成，并且因此不具有良好的热或声学性质。为了改善金属片材制成的此类管道、导管和其它腔体的热和声学隔绝，可以使基于矿棉的隔绝材料附着于其上。在一些应用中，将柔性矿棉垫包裹在管道或导管的外表面上。在其它应用中，它们被施加到管道或导管的内表面上。还引人感兴趣的是使基于矿棉的柔性隔绝材料包裹输送液体（如水或工业有机流体，例如油或气）的管路。
已知为基于柔性矿棉隔绝垫的这些管道衬层或管道包裹物提供施加到该垫的一个主要面上（即施加到将与该管道或腔体的金属片材表面接触的面上）的压敏层。该压敏层可为非常薄的，或可以以网状结构施加。
该压敏层可用释放衬层覆盖和保护，特别是当自粘矿棉层合材料要以堆叠或卷的形式包装时。
还公知的是，用将接触管道或腔体内部或外部大气的面料（facing）覆盖该矿棉垫的其它表面。该面料例如是无纺遮盖物（non-woven veil）、膜或金属箔。其不可透过空气，或其对空气的透过性至少相当不佳。
申请人面临的问题是，当自粘层是空气透过性相当低或甚至不具有空气透过性的粘合结构（其任选覆盖有不可透过空气的释放衬层）时，不可以以压缩形式卷起产品而不引发如图1中所示的分层。这种分层归因于在平行于矿棉垫主要表面的方向上排出空气。事实上，当自粘层（具有任选的衬层）和在垫的相对一侧上的面料二者都是不可透过空气的或仅具有不佳空气透过性时，空气不可以通过面料从矿棉中排出。
该问题的解决方案可以是以非压缩形式包装产品，或以非常缓慢的压缩速度包装该产品，使得排出的空气非常缓慢地流经矿物纤维垫，而不会破坏矿物纤维之间的粘结剂连接。当然，这些解决方案均非成本有效的，因为它们分别意味着要储存和运输的产品体积更大或不合意地放缓包装步骤。因此，仍然需要柔性自粘隔绝产品，其能够以卷的形式以高压缩比高速包装，而不发生分层。此类产品的益处将是在包装步骤过程中节约时间，并降低压缩包装的成卷产品的储存和运输成本。
本发明基于以下发现：当粘合剂层或面料以及任选的释放衬层包括允许空气经粘合剂层或面料快速逸出（即在垂直于矿棉垫主要面的方向上）的通孔时，可以以卷的形式在高速压缩步骤中包装上述粘合柔性矿棉层合材料。
第一主题因此是柔性自粘矿棉层合材料，其包括：
-具有第一和第二主要面的矿棉隔绝垫，
-层合到该矿棉隔绝垫的第一主要面上的第一面料,
-第二面料，其是双面粘合结构，其粘合剂面中的一个粘附到矿棉隔绝垫的第二主要面上，另一粘合剂面由压敏粘合剂（PSA）制成或包含压敏粘合剂（PSA），
层合材料的特征在于如下事实：双面粘合结构包含多个通孔。
本申请的另一主题是对金属片材管道或管路或金属片材腔体进行热和/或声学隔绝的方法，所述方法包括将上述柔性自粘矿棉层合材料施加到此类管道、管路或腔体的表面上，其中第二面料的压敏粘合剂面与管道或腔体接触。
本发明的自粘层合材料优选进一步包括施加到隔绝垫的第二主要面上的粘合结构上的释放衬层。此类释放衬层在压敏粘合剂技术领域是公知的。它们通常包括至少一个具有硅酮的表面，从而允许PSA容易地剥离。当存在时，释放衬层覆盖并保护粘合结构，并防止其在成卷状态下粘着到第一面料上。
不言而喻，覆盖粘合剂第二面料的释放衬层也包括多个通孔，其至少一部分与双面粘合结构的多个通孔重叠。
释放衬层不是强制性的。实际上，在其中外部压敏粘合剂对第一面料具有适度的粘合强度，从而允许将其从第一面料的暴露表面上剥离的情况下，其可省去此类附加层。
当粘合结构的压敏粘合剂是结构粘合剂（即具有可以用于将两个材料不可逆地粘接在一起的高粘合强度的粘合剂）时，释放衬层是特别有用的。
在本发明的柔性粘合层合材料的一个优选实施方案中，释放衬层的通孔与双面粘合结构的通孔重叠。这可以通过对释放衬层与粘合结构的层合材料进行穿孔（在将其施加到矿棉隔绝垫上之前或之后）来实现。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中，粘合结构的通孔与释放衬层的通孔一致，这意味它们具有相同的尺寸，释放衬层中的每个通孔与粘合结构中的相应通孔重叠。
层合材料的第二面料存在不同的实施方案。在一个实施方案中，双面粘合结构包括载体或支撑体膜，其不具有固有的粘合性，但其两侧均涂有粘合剂涂层，其至少一个是压敏粘合剂涂层。
载体可以由适于预期用途的任何材料制成。其可以基于纤维素纤维，如纸张，或基于以无纺布形式组装的聚合物或玻璃纤维。载体还可为基于热塑性有机聚合物的膜。其可以是发泡膜，即泡沫。
形成双面胶带的载体的聚合物可选自聚酯、聚氯乙烯、含氟聚合物、聚酰亚胺、EPDM（乙烯/丙烯/二烯单体）、聚氨酯、丙烯酸酯和聚烯烃，如聚乙烯。
压敏粘合剂（PSA）是通常以支撑体承载的薄层形式存在的粘合剂。通过简单接触和施加压力，它们几乎立即粘合粘接到要粘合粘接的材料上。尽管存在一些具有非常高的粘合性的PSA，但绝大多数PSA被认为是非结构性或半结构性粘合剂，也就是说所述粘合粘接是可逆的。PSA的玻璃化转变温度始终明显低于预期的操作温度。在环境温度下，形成粘合剂层的聚合物网络由此是粘弹性流体，聚合物链的高迁移率事实上是在粘合剂与要粘合粘接的表面之间形成大量弱键合（范德华力和氢键）的必要条件。
PSA大致以其粘性、其剥离强度和其剪切强度表征。
通常，分为三个压敏粘合剂主要化学类别：
- 基于弹性体的PSA，
- 丙烯酸类PSA，和
- 基于硅酮的PSA。
在本发明的另一实施方案中，双面粘合结构不是如上所述的三层结构，而是由压敏粘合剂膜组成的单层结构，所述压敏粘合剂膜由压敏粘合剂聚合物制成。
PSA膜由于其低玻璃化转变温度而本身通常具有非常柔软的稠度，其优选包括由有机或矿物纤维，优选玻璃纤维制成的增强纤维结构。
在一个优选实施方案中，PSA膜由丙烯酸类聚合物制成，并具有大约0.02至0.3mm、更优选大约0.05至0.20 mm的厚度。其优选包括增强网或稀松布（scrim），例如玻璃纤维网，或是聚酯或PES/PVA稀松布。
此类PSA膜通常与释放衬层一起作为层合材料提供，并可原样直接施加到矿棉隔绝垫的第二主要面上。可在将层合材料施加到隔绝垫上之前或之后穿孔。
此类PSA/释放衬层层合材料可以例如以编号18242购自比利时公司“Option TapeSpecialities”。
在形成自粘层合材料的第二面料的双面粘合结构的第三实施方案中，该粘合结构是直接施加到矿棉隔绝垫的第二主要面上的压敏粘合剂层。此类层优选例如通过喷雾以流体热熔粘合剂形式施加。
以流体形式施加热熔PSA的方式可导致粘合剂材料渗入矿棉隔绝垫。应调节流体粘合剂的粘度，使得渗入仅限于隔绝垫的表层。该施加方法还可导致双面粘合结构不完全连续，并可具有一定的开孔孔隙率。但是，这些开放孔隙的数量和尺寸优选不足以在包装工艺的卷制步骤过程中允许空气自由穿过。
粘合结构和任选的释放衬层（release layer）中的通孔优选规则地分布在这些层/面料的整个表面上，以防止空气滞留在大面积的下方隔绝垫中。通孔如“岛”，分布在围绕“岛”的粘合剂表面的“海”中。每单位表面积的通孔数量当然取决于通孔的尺寸。通孔越小，它们的表面密度必然越高。
通孔的总表面积可包括在相当大的范围内，只要其高到足以令足够的空气流过，从而可防止纤维隔绝垫分层，并且低到仍足以使隔绝产品牢固地粘附在金属表面上。
双面粘合结构的通孔的总表面积优选占双面粘合结构的总表面积的大约0.05%至大约70%、更优选大约0.1至大约65%、再更优选大约1%至大约60%、再更优选大约2%至大约50%、并且特别是大约5至大约25%。双面粘合结构的总表面积是穿孔前的表面积，即穿孔（“岛”）与未穿孔区域（粘合剂“海”）的表面。
双面粘合结构与任选的释放衬层中的通孔优选具有1 mm至10 cm、优选2 mm至5cm、更优选3 mm至2 cm的平均当量直径。
双面粘合结构中的通孔数量和任选的释放衬层中的通孔数量优选包括每平方米大约5至100个、优选每平方米10至80个。
对粘合结构和任选的释放衬层进行穿孔的方式对本发明并非至关重要。当在施加到矿棉隔绝垫上之前进行时，例如可通过穿孔设备来进行穿孔。当在施加到隔绝垫上之后对粘合结构进行穿孔时，该穿孔例如可通过设有多个钉的辊来在线进行，所述多个钉规律地间隔开，对准或交错布置。钉优选足够长以便穿透矿棉隔绝垫至少几毫米。
只要第一面料可粘合粘接到矿棉隔绝垫的第一主要面上，以使面料不具有空气透过性或仅具有不佳的空气透过性，第一面料的结构和化学性质并非至关重要。
第一面料例如可选自纺织品和无纺布，例如玻璃纤维布、金属箔（特别是铝箔）、塑料膜及其组合。
用于将第一面料粘接到矿棉隔绝垫上的粘合剂可选自水基粘合剂、溶剂基粘合剂、热熔粘合剂、热塑性粘合剂和热固性粘合剂。
在施加两个面料的任一之前，矿棉隔绝垫有利地具有15 mm至120 mm、优选20至100 mm、并且更优选25至80 mm的根据EN823的厚度。
其密度有利地包括8至48 kg/m3、优选大约10至32 kg/m3、且更优选大约15至25kg/m3。
如本说明书介绍部分中所解释，粘合结构（第二面料）和任选的释放衬层中的通孔允许以成卷形式高速压缩包装自粘层合材料。层合材料优选在压缩下卷起，其中第一面料在卷的外侧上。其随后包装在保护膜或容器中，优选包装在聚合物膜或聚合物袋中。

Claims (11)

1.柔性自粘矿棉层合材料，包括：
具有第一主要面和第二主要面的矿棉隔绝垫，
层合到所述矿棉隔绝垫的第一主要面上的第一面料，
第二面料，其是双面粘合结构，通过其粘合剂面中的一个被粘附到矿棉隔绝垫的第二主要面上，其中所述双面粘合结构选自在两侧上涂有压敏粘合剂涂层的聚合物载体，由压敏粘合剂制成的膜，和直接施加到所述矿棉隔绝垫的第二主要面上的压敏粘合剂层；
所述层合材料的特征在于如下事实：所述双面粘合结构包括多个通孔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的柔性自粘矿棉层合材料，进一步包括覆盖并保护所述双面粘合结构的释放衬层，所述释放衬层也包括多个通孔，其至少一部分与所述双面粘合结构的多个通孔重叠。
3.根据权利要求2所述的柔性自粘矿棉层合材料，其中所述释放衬层的通孔与所述双面粘合结构的通孔重叠。
4.根据权利要求1所述的柔性自粘矿棉层合材料，其中所述双面粘合结构的通孔的总表面积占双面粘合结构的总表面积的0.05％至70％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的柔性自粘矿棉层合材料，其中所述双面粘合结构与任选的释放衬层中的通孔具有1mm至10cm的平均当量直径。
6.根据权利要求1所述的柔性自粘矿棉层合材料，其中所述双面粘合结构中的通孔数量和任选的释放衬层中的通孔数量为每平方米5至100个。
7.根据权利要求1所述的柔性自粘矿棉层合材料，其中所述矿棉隔绝垫具有15mm至120mm的根据EN823的厚度。
8.根据权利要求1所述的柔性自粘矿棉层合材料，其中所述矿棉隔绝垫具有8至48kg/m3的密度。
9.根据权利要求1所述的柔性自粘矿棉层合材料，其中所述第一面料选自纺织品、无纺布、金属箔和塑料膜。
10.根据权利要求1所述的柔性自粘矿棉层合材料，在压缩下卷制，其中第一面料在所述卷的外侧上，并且包装在聚合物膜或聚合物袋中。
11.对金属片材管道或管路或金属片材腔体进行热和/或声学隔绝的方法，所述方法包括将根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的柔性自粘矿棉层合材料施加到所述管道、管路或腔体的表面上，其中所述第二面料的压敏粘合剂面与所述管道、管路或腔体接触。
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