CN113195774B - 热成型后的冲击特性优异的热成型用镀覆钢板、热成型部件和它们的制造方法 - Google Patents
热成型后的冲击特性优异的热成型用镀覆钢板、热成型部件和它们的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113195774B CN113195774B CN201980084549.4A CN201980084549A CN113195774B CN 113195774 B CN113195774 B CN 113195774B CN 201980084549 A CN201980084549 A CN 201980084549A CN 113195774 B CN113195774 B CN 113195774B
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Abstract
本发明提供一种热成型后的冲击特性优异的热成型用镀覆钢板、利用所述热成型用镀覆钢板制造的热成型部件和它们的制造方法,所述热成型用镀覆钢板包括:基础钢板,以重量%计,所述基础钢板包含:C:0.15‑0.4%、Si:0.1‑1%、Mn:0.6‑8%、P:0.001‑0.05%、S:0.0001‑0.02%、Al:0.01‑0.1%、N:0.001‑0.02%、Cr:0.01‑0.5%、余量的Fe和其它杂质;和镀层,其形成在所述基础钢板的表面,并且所述镀层由锌、铝或包含它们的合金形成,其中,表层部的C含量(CS)与所述基础钢板的C含量(CB)的比(CS/CB)为0.6以下,表层部的Mn和Cr含量之和(MnS+CrS)与所述基础钢板的Mn和Cr含量之和(MnB+CrB)的比((MnS+CrS)/(MnB+CrB))为0.8以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可以优选用于需要耐冲击特性的汽车构件等的热成型后的冲击特性优异的热成型用镀覆钢板、热成型部件和它们的制造方法。
背景技术
近年来,由于石油能源的枯竭和对环境的高度关注,对提升汽车的燃油效率的管制日渐严格。在材料方面,作为用于提升汽车的燃油效率的一种方法,可以列举减少所使用的钢板的厚度,但是减少厚度时在汽车的安全性方面可能会发生问题,因此必须伴随着钢板强度的提高。
由于如上所述的理由,对高强度钢板具有持续性的需求,并且已经开发了各种种类的钢板。但是,这些钢板自身具有高强度,因此存在加工性不良的问题。即,各个等级的钢板具有强度与伸长率的乘积总是为恒定值的倾向,因此钢板的强度变高时存在作为加工性的指标的伸长率减小的问题。
为了解决这种问题,提出了热压成型法。热压成型法是如下的方法:在适于加工的高温下对钢板进行加工后快速冷却至低温,以在钢板内形成马氏体等低温组织,从而提高最终产品的强度。在如上所述的情况下,当制造具有高强度的部件时,具有可以最小化加工性问题的优点。
涉及这种热成型部件的代表性的技术有专利文献1。在专利文献1中,将Al-Si镀覆钢板加热至850℃以上,然后通过冲压进行热成型并快速冷却,使得部件的组织形成为马氏体,从而确保拉伸强度超过1600MPa的超高强度。通过确保这种超高强度,具有可以容易实现汽车的轻量化的优点。但是,根据专利文献1,由于高强度,碰撞时冲击特性相对差,并且根据热成型条件等,存在出现一部分显示出异常低的冲击特性的现象的问题。
因此,专利文献2中提出了如下的技术:在热成型用钢板中,通过调节Ca/S比,使夹杂物球化,并添加诸如Nb的合金元素,通过晶粒微细化来提高热成型后的冲击特性。但是,专利文献2是关于控制夹杂物和晶粒尺寸以改善普通的铁钢材料的冲击特性的内容,并且被评价为难以作为在热压成型领域中用于改善实际热成型时发生的低冲击特性的方法进行应用。
因此,目前需要开发一种热成型后的冲击特性优异的热成型用镀覆钢板、热成型部件和它们的制造方法。
(专利文献1)美国专利授权公报第6296805号
(专利文献2)韩国专利公开公报第10-2010-0047011号
发明内容
要解决的技术问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种热成型后的冲击特性优异的热成型用镀覆钢板、热成型部件和它们的制造方法。
本发明的技术问题并不限于上述内容。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员基于本发明的说明书全文可以容易地理解本发明的附加技术问题。
技术方案
本发明的一个方面是一种热成型后的冲击特性优异的热成型用镀覆钢板,所述热成型用镀覆钢板包括:基础钢板,以重量%计,所述基础钢板包含:C:0.15-0.4%、Si:0.1-1%、Mn:0.6-8%、P:0.001-0.05%、S:0.0001-0.02%、Al:0.01-0.1%、N:0.001-0.02%、Cr:0.01-0.5%、余量的Fe和其它杂质;和镀层,其形成在所述基础钢板的表面,并且所述镀层由锌、铝或包含它们的合金形成,其中,表层部的C含量(CS)与所述基础钢板的C含量(CB)的比(CS/CB)为0.6以下,表层部的Mn和Cr含量之和(MnS+CrS)与所述基础钢板的Mn和Cr含量之和(MnB+CrB)的比((MnS+CrS)/(MnB+CrB))为0.8以上(其中,所述表层部是指从除所述镀层之外的基础钢板的表面到深度为15μm的区域)。
以重量%计,所述基础钢板还可以包含B:0.0005-0.01%和Ti:0.01-0.05%中的一种以上。
所述基础钢板的微细组织中,以面积%计,表层部中可以包含40-100%的铁素体,余量可以包含0-60%的珠光体、贝氏体或马氏体,中心部中可以包含30-90%的铁素体,余量可以包含10-70%的珠光体、贝氏体或马氏体。
本发明的另一个方面是一种冲击特性优异的热成型部件,所述热成型部件包括:基础钢板,以重量%计,所述基础钢板包含:C:0.15-0.4%、Si:0.1-1%、Mn:0.6-8%、P:0.001-0.05%、S:0.0001-0.02%、Al:0.01-0.1%、N:0.001-0.02%、Cr:0.01-0.5%、余量的Fe和其它杂质;和合金镀层,其形成在所述基础钢板的表面,并且所述合金镀层由包含锌或铝的合金形成,其中,部件表层部的C含量(CPS)与所述基础钢板的C含量(CB)的比(CPS/CB)为1.2以下,部件表层部的Mn和Cr含量之和(MnPS+CrPS)与所述基础钢板的Mn和Cr含量之和(MnB+CrB)的比((MnPS+CrPS)/(MnB+CrB))为0.8以上(其中,所述部件表层部是指从除所述合金镀层之外的基础钢板的表面到深度为25μm的区域)。
所述部件表层部的马氏体晶界中的铁素体覆盖率可以为30%以下。
本发明的另一个方面是一种制造热成型后的冲击特性优异的热成型用镀覆钢板的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:准备板坯,并将所述板坯加热至1050-1300℃的温度,以重量%计,所述板坯包含:C:0.15-0.4%、Si:0.1-1%、Mn:0.6-8%、P:0.001-0.05%、S:0.0001-0.02%、Al:0.01-0.1%、N:0.001-0.02%、Cr:0.01-0.5%、余量的Fe和其它杂质;在800-950℃的热精轧温度范围内对加热的所述板坯进行热轧以获得热轧钢板;在完成热精轧后,在450-750℃下对所述热轧钢板进行收卷;将收卷的所述热轧钢板加热至740-860℃,并在露点温度为-10℃至30℃的气氛中进行退火10-600秒;以及在退火后,将所述热轧钢板浸入镀浴中进行镀覆,所述镀浴由锌、铝或包含它们的合金组成。
在所述热轧之后且在收卷之前,可以进一步包括通过冷轧获得冷轧钢板的步骤。
以重量%计,所述板坯还可以包含B:0.00005-0.01%和Ti:0.01-0.05%中的一种以上。
本发明的另一个方面是一种制造冲击特性优异的热成型部件的方法,所述方法中在Ac3至950℃的温度范围内对通过上述制造热成型后的冲击特性优异的热成型用镀覆钢板的方法制造的热成型用镀覆钢板进行热处理1-15分钟后进行热压成型。
有益效果
根据本发明,具有可以提供一种热成型后的冲击特性优异的热成型用镀覆钢板及其制造方法的效果。
通过对本发明的热成型用镀覆钢板进行热压成型而制造的热成型部件在1500MPa的拉伸强度的水平下通过VDA238-100弯曲测试测量的弯曲角度为60°以上,因此具有可以确保优异的冲击特性的效果。
本发明的多个有益的优点和效果并不限于上述内容,在对本发明的具体的实施方案进行说明的过程中可以更容易地理解。
附图说明
图1是示出对发明例1的热成型用镀覆钢板进行热压成型之前利用GDS从表层开始在深度方向上对碳(C)、锰(Mn)和铬(Cr)的浓度进行分析的结果的图。
图2是示出发明例1的热成型后的部件表层部组织的光学显微镜照片。
图3是示出对比较例1的热成型用镀覆钢板进行热压成型之前利用GDS从表层开始在深度方向上对碳(C)、锰(Mn)和铬(Cr)的浓度进行分析的结果的图。
图4是示出比较例3的热成型后的部件表层部组织的光学显微镜照片。
最佳实施方式
以下,对本发明的优选的实施方案进行说明。但是,本发明的实施方案可以变形为各种其它实施方案,本发明的范围并不限定于以下说明的实施方案。此外,本发明的实施方案是为了向本领域技术人员更完整地说明本发明而提供的。
本发明人注意到与镀覆材料相比,非镀覆材料的热成型后的弯曲角度显著优异。对此进行进一步研究的结果,确认到在非镀覆材料的情况下,在用于热成型的加热过程中钢板的表层部发生脱碳,因此表层部中形成软质的铁素体层且弯曲性变得优异。
因此,本发明人想到如果在镀覆材料中也可以通过降低表层部的C含量而在基础钢板的表层部形成软质相的层,则可以改善热成型部件的弯曲性。但是,发现在镀覆材料的情况下,无法像非镀覆材料一样在用于热成型的加热过程中发生充分的脱碳,因此难以像非镀覆材料一样形成软质的铁素体层,而且如果没有连续且充分地形成铁素体层,则反而发生弯曲性降低的问题。
本发明人为了克服如上所述的问题而进行更深入的研究的结果,确认到通过控制退火条件,相对于中心部的C含量,将基础钢板表层部的C含量控制在一定水平以下,并且相对于中心部的Mn和Cr含量之和,将基础钢板表层部的Mn和Cr含量之和控制在一定水平以上,由此可以提供一种热成型后的冲击特性优异的热成型用镀覆钢板、热成型部件和它们的制造方法,从而完成了本发明。
下面,首先对本发明的一个方面的热成型后的冲击特性优异的热成型用镀覆钢板和热成型部件进行详细说明。
热成型后的冲击特性优异的热成型用镀覆钢板
本发明的一个方面的热成型后的冲击特性优异的热成型用镀覆钢板包括:基础钢板,以重量%计,所述基础钢板包含:C:0.15-0.4%、Si:0.1-1%、Mn:0.6-8%、P:0.001-0.05%、S:0.0001-0.02%、Al:0.01-0.1%、N:0.001-0.02%、Cr:0.01-0.5%、余量的Fe和其它杂质;和镀层,其形成在所述基础钢板的表面,并且所述镀层由锌、铝或它们的合金形成,其中,表层部的C含量(CS)与所述基础钢板的C含量(CB)的比(CS/CB)为0.6以下,表层部的Mn和Cr含量之和(MnS+CrS)与所述基础钢板的Mn和Cr含量之和(MnB+CrB)的比((MnS+CrS)/(MnB+CrB))为0.8以上。
首先,对本发明的基础钢板的合金组成进行详细说明。本发明中,需要注意的是,除非另有定义,否则各元素的含量表示重量%。
C:0.15-0.4%
C是提高热成型部件的强度所必需的元素。当C含量小于0.15%时,难以确保充分的强度。另一方面,当C含量超过0.4%时,对热轧材料进行冷轧时热轧材料的强度过高,使得冷轧性大幅变差,而且可能会使点焊性大幅降低。因此,本发明中的所述C含量优选限制为0.15-0.4%。
Si:0.1-1%
Si在炼钢中作为脱氧剂添加,并且Si是固溶强化元素和抑制碳化物生成的元素,有助于提高热成型部件的强度,而且是对材质均匀化有效的元素。当Si含量小于0.1%时,上述效果不充分。另一方面,当Si含量超过1%时,由于在退火过程中在钢板表面生成的Si氧化物,Al镀覆性可能会大幅降低。因此,本发明中的所述Si含量可以限制为0.1-1%。
Mn:0.6-8%
Mn确保固溶强化效果,并且Mn是在热成型部件中为了降低用于确保马氏体的临界冷却速度而添加的元素。为了获得上述效果,需要添加的Mn含量为0.6%以上。另一方面,当Mn含量超过8%时,在热成型工艺之前,由于钢板的强度上升,不仅冷轧性降低,而且存在合金铁成本增加并且点焊性变差的问题。因此,本发明中的所述Mn含量可以限制为0.6-8%。
P:0.001-0.05%
P在钢中以杂质存在,P的含量尽可能越少越有利。因此,本发明中的P的含量可以限制为0.05%以下,优选地,还可以限制为0.03%以下。P是越少越有利的杂质元素,因此无需特别设定P含量的下限。但是,为了过度降低P含量,制造成本可能会增加,因此,考虑到这种情况时,P含量的下限可以设为0.001%。
S:0.0001-0.02%
S是钢中的杂质,并且S是损害部件的延展性、冲击特性和焊接性的元素,因此将S的最大含量限制为0.02%,优选可以限制为0.01%以下。但是,当S的最小含量小于0.0001%时,制造成本可能会增加,因此S含量的下限可以设为0.0001%。
Al:0.01-0.1%
Al和Si一起在炼钢中起到脱氧的作用,因此可以提高钢的洁净度,为了获得上述效果,可以以0.01%以上的含量添加Al。但是,当Al含量超过0.1%时,由于在连铸工艺中形成的过多的AlN,高温延展性降低,从而存在容易产生板坯裂纹的问题,因此Al含量的上限可以设为0.1%以下。因此,本发明中的Al含量优选为0.01-0.1%。
N:0.001-0.02%
N是在钢中作为杂质包含的元素,当N含量超过0.02%时,由于在连铸工艺中形成的过多的AlN,高温延展性降低,从而存在容易产生板坯裂纹的问题。因此,为了减少板坯的连续铸造时产生裂纹的敏感度并确保冲击特性,可以包含0.02%以下的N。虽然无需特别设定N含量的下限,但是考虑到制造成本的增加等,还可以将N含量的下限设定为0.001%以上。因此,本发明中的N含量优选为0.001-0.02%。
Cr:0.01-0.5%
与Mn相似地,Cr是为了提高固溶强化效果和热成型时的淬透性而添加的元素,为了获得上述效果,可以添加0.01%以上的Cr。但是,当Cr含量超过0.5%时,虽然可以充分确保淬透性,但其特性饱和,而且钢板制造成本可能会增加。因此,本发明中的Cr含量优选为0.01-0.5%。
本发明的一个方面的热成型用镀覆钢板的基础钢板中,除了包含上述成分之外,还可以进一步包含B:0.0005-0.01%和Ti:0.01-0.05%中的一种以上。
B:0.0005-0.01%
B是即使添加少量也可以提高淬透性的元素,并且B是偏析在原奥氏体晶界上并可以抑制由P和/或S的晶界偏析所引起的热成型部件的脆性的元素,为了获得上述效果,可以添加0.0005%以上的B。但是,当B的含量超过0.01%时,不仅其效果饱和,而且在热轧时导致脆性,因此B含量的上限可以设为0.01%,优选地,所述B含量可以设为0.005%以下。因此,本发明中的B含量优选为0.0005-0.01%。
Ti:0.01-0.05%
Ti的添加是为了与在钢中以杂质残留的氮结合形成TiN而使确保淬透性所必需的固溶B残留。当Ti含量小于0.01%时,难以充分期待其效果,当Ti含量超过0.05%时,不仅其特性可能会饱和,而且钢板制造成本可能会增加。因此,本发明中的Ti含量优选为0.01-0.05%。
除了上述成分之外的余量是铁(Fe),并且只要是可以包含在热压成型用钢板中的成分,则对这些成分的进一步的添加不作特别限制。此外,在通常的制造过程中可能会从原料或周围环境不可避免地混入并不需要的杂质,因此无法排除这些杂质。这些杂质对于通常的制造过程的技术人员而言是众所周知的,因此在本说明书中不特别提及其所有内容。
本发明的一个方面的热成型后的冲击特性优异的热成型用镀覆钢板包括形成在基础钢板的表面的镀层,并且所述镀层由锌、铝或它们的合金形成。所述镀层在最终构件中赋予部件的耐蚀性,并且在用于热成型的加热时起到抑制基础钢板的脱碳和氧化皮的形成的作用。
本发明中对所述镀层的种类不作特别限制,只要是用于现有的热成型用钢板的镀层,则在本发明中可以不受限制地使用。作为非限制性的一个具体实施方案,所述镀层可以由锌、铝或包含它们的合金形成,更具体地,所述镀层可以是热浸镀锌层、电镀锌层、合金化锌镀层、铝镀层或铝合金镀层。
另外,根据本发明的一个方面,在不损害本发明的目的的范围内,所述镀层可以包含在制造过程中可能会包含的成分,特别是可以包含其它不可避免的杂质。
此外,所述镀层的厚度可以为5-100μm。当所述镀层的厚度小于5μm时,在热成型部件中难以显示出充分的耐蚀性,另一方面,当所述镀层的厚度超过100μm时,用于热成型的加热时间过度增加,而且相对于提高耐蚀性的效果,可能会发生制造成本过度增加的问题。
另外,本发明的热成型用镀覆钢板中,表层部的C含量(CS)与基础钢板的C含量(CB)的比(CS/CB)(以下,还称为“比(CS/CB)”)满足0.6以下。其中,所述表层部是指从除镀层之外的基础钢板的表面到深度为15μm的区域。
此外,根据本发明的一个方面,在所述热成型用镀覆钢板中,表层部的C含量(CS)与所述基础钢板的C含量(CB)的比(CS/CB)优选可以为0.5以下,更优选可以为0.4以下,最优选可以为0.35以下。
当将所述比(CS/CB)控制在低至0.6以下时,与热成型后在基础钢板的中心部形成硬质的马氏体相不同,由于低的C含量,表层部中形成相对软质的马氏体相。由于镀覆钢板的表层部中形成软质的马氏体相,表层部的硬度降低,因此可以确保优异的弯曲特性。当所述比(CS/CB)超过0.6时,难以实现在热成型后通过表层部的软质化来改善弯曲性的效果。对所述比(CS/CB)的下限可以不进行单独限定。但是,当表层部中的C含量过低时,可能会发生热成型后部件的强度降低或疲劳特性变差的问题,因此所述比(CS/CB)的下限可以设为0.05以上,但并不受限于此。
此外,本发明的一个方面的热成型用镀覆钢板中,表层部的Mn和Cr含量之和(MnS+CrS)与基础钢板的Mn和Cr含量之和(MnB+CrB)的比((MnS+CrS)/(MnB+CrB))(以下,还称为“比((MnS+CrS)/(MnB+CrB))”)可以为0.8以上。其中,所述表层部是指从除镀层之外的基础钢板的表面到深度为15μm的区域。
另外,根据本发明的一个方面,在所述热成型用镀覆钢板中,表层部的Mn和Cr含量之和(MnS+CrS)与所述基础钢板的Mn和Cr含量之和(MnB+CrB)的比((MnS+CrS)/(MnB+CrB))优选可以为0.85以上,更优选可以为0.87以上。
当所述比((MnS+CrS)/(MnB+CrB))低至小于0.8时,热成型时表层部的淬透性不充分,因此在部件的表面可能会部分地形成铁素体。在硬质的马氏体晶界中部分地形成的铁素体是使弯曲性大幅变差的因素,因此所述比((MnS+CrS)/(MnB+CrB))优选满足0.8以上。无需单独限定所述比((MnS+CrS)/(MnB+CrB))的上限,但当表层部中的Mn和Cr的含量过高时,热成型后表层部的硬度变高,反而可能会发生弯曲性变差的问题。因此,所述比((MnS+CrS)/(MnB+CrB))的上限可以设为2以下,但并不受限于此。
另外,无需特别限定基础钢板的微细组织,但以面积分数计,表层部中可以包含40-100%的铁素体,余量可以包含0-60%的珠光体、贝氏体或马氏体,中心部中可以包含30-90%的铁素体,余量可以包含10-70%的珠光体、贝氏体或马氏体。
冲击特性优异的热成型部件
另外,在Ac3至950℃的温度范围内对由上述组成构成的热成型用镀覆钢板进行热处理1-15分钟后进行热压成型,从而可以制造冲击特性优异的热成型部件。
本发明的一个方面的冲击特性优异的热成型部件包括:基础钢板,其具有与镀覆钢板的基础钢板相同的合金组成;和合金镀层,其形成在所述基础钢板的表面,并且所述合金镀层由包含锌或铝的合金形成,其中,部件表层部的C含量(CPS)与所述基础钢板的C含量(CB)的比(CPS/CB)(以下,还称为“比(CPS/CB)”)可以为1.2以下,部件表层部的Mn和Cr含量之和(MnPS+CrPS)与所述基础钢板的Mn和Cr含量之和(MnB+CrB)的比((MnPS+CrPS)/(MnB+CrB))(以下,还称为“比((MnPS+CrPS)/(MnB+CrB))”)可以为0.8以上。其中,所述部件表层部是指从除所述合金镀层之外的基础钢板的表面到深度为25μm的区域。
另外,根据本发明的一个方面,在所述热成型部件中,部件表层部的C含量(CPS)与所述基础钢板的C含量(CB)的比(CPS/CB)优选可以为1.1以下,更优选可以为1.05以下。
此外,根据本发明的一个方面,在所述热成型部件中,部件表层部的Mn和Cr含量之和(MnPS+CrPS)与所述基础钢板的Mn和Cr含量之和(MnB+CrB)的比优选可以为0.9以上,更优选可以为0.93以上。
通常,为了热成型而对镀覆钢板进行加热时,镀层和基材铁发生合金化且镀层的厚度变厚,由于镀层的C的固溶度极低,在合金化过程中未固溶的C富集在表层部,使得表层部的C含量增加,并且这种表层部的高的C含量导致表层部的硬度增加,因此弯曲性变差。
另一方面,通过对本发明的一个方面的热成型用镀覆钢板进行热压成型来制造热成型部件时,即使C富集在部件表层部,部件表层部的C含量(CPS)与基础钢板的C含量(CB)的比(CPS/CB)为1.2以下,因此可以抑制部件表层部的硬度的过度增加。此外,部件表层部的Mn和Cr含量之和(MnPS+CrPS)与所述基础钢板的Mn和Cr含量之和(MnB+CrB)的比((MnPS+CrPS)/(MnB+CrB))为0.8以上,因此通过充分的淬透性来抑制铁素体的形成,使得部件表层部中的马氏体晶界的铁素体覆盖率(观察截面时,马氏体晶界中铁素体所占的比例)可以为30%以下,其结果可以确保充分的强度和优异的弯曲性。
如上所述,本发明的一个方面的热成型部件的所述比(CS/CB)为1.2以下,并且所述比((MnPS+CrPS)/(MnB+CrB))满足0.8以上,因此在1500MPa的拉伸强度的水平下通过VDA238-100弯曲测试测量的弯曲角度为60°以上,从而可以确保优异的冲击特性。但是,当拉伸强度增加时,例如,热成型部件的拉伸强度为1800MPa级以上时,判断优异的冲击特性的弯曲角度标准可能会更低。
下面,对本发明的另一个方面的制造热成型后的冲击特性优异的热成型用镀覆钢板和热成型部件的方法进行详细说明。
制造热成型后的冲击特性优异的热成型用镀覆钢板的方法
本发明的另一个方面的制造热成型后的冲击特性优异的热成型用镀覆钢板的方法包括以下步骤:将满足上述合金组成的板坯加热至1050-1300℃;在800-950℃的温度范围内对加热的所述板坯进行热精轧以获得热轧钢板;在完成热精轧后,在450-750℃下对所述热轧钢板进行收卷;将收卷的所述热轧钢板加热至740-860℃,并在露点温度为-10℃至30℃的气氛中进行退火10-600秒;以及将退火的所述热轧钢板浸入镀浴中进行镀覆,所述镀浴由锌、铝或包含它们的合金组成。
板坯的加热步骤
首先,将满足上述合金组成的板坯加热至1050-1300℃。当板坯的加热温度低于1050℃时,可能难以实现板坯组织的均质化,当板坯的加热温度超过1300℃时,可能会形成过多的氧化层。
热轧步骤
在800-950℃的温度范围内对加热的所述板坯进行热精轧以获得热轧钢板。当热精轧温度低于800℃时,由于两相区轧制而在钢板的表层部产生混晶组织,因此难以控制板的形状,当热精轧温度超过950℃时,可能会发生晶粒粗大化的问题。
冷却和收卷的步骤
在完成热精轧后,在450-750℃下对所述热轧钢板进行收卷。当收卷温度低于450℃时,宽度方向的材质偏差变大,因此冷轧时可能会发生板断裂和形状不良的问题。另一方面,当收卷温度超过750℃时,由于碳化物的粗大化,存在弯曲性变差的问题。
冷轧步骤
根据需要,在退火之前可以进一步包括对收卷的热轧钢板进行冷轧以获得冷轧钢板的步骤。所述冷轧是为了更精确地控制钢板的厚度而进行的,因此可以省略冷轧并直接进行退火和镀覆。此时,所述冷轧可以以30-80%的压下率进行。
退火步骤
将收卷的所述热轧钢板加热至740-860℃,并在露点温度为-10℃至30℃的气氛中进行退火10-600秒。当退火温度低于740℃或者退火时间少于10秒时,组织的再结晶不充分,因此板的形状不良,或者镀覆后的强度过高,因此在冲裁工艺中可能会引发模具的磨损。不仅如此,在退火过程中C的扩散不充分,因此难以确保表层部的C含量(CS)与基础钢板的C含量(CB)的比(CS/CB)为0.6以下。另一方面,当退火温度超过860℃或者退火时间超过600秒时,在退火过程中在钢板的表面形成大量的退火氧化物,因此可能会引发未镀覆,或者可能会降低镀覆粘附性。此外,由于内部氧化而导致基材铁内的Mn、Cr等形成在镀层和基材铁的界面或基材铁晶界等,因此难以确保表层部的Mn和Cr含量之和(MnS+CrS)与基础钢板的Mn和Cr含量之和(MnB+CrB)的比((MnS+CrS)/(MnB+CrB))为0.8以上,使得表层部的淬透性可能会不足,因此在热成型后表层部中部分地形成铁素体,导致可能会发生弯曲性降低的问题。
另外,在本发明中,为了控制表层部中的C、Mn、Cr含量与基础钢板的母材成分的比,控制退火气氛的露点温度是非常重要的。当退火气氛的露点温度低于-10℃时,脱碳反应不充分,因此提高弯曲性的效果不足,另一方面,当露点温度超过30℃时,由于过度的内部氧化,表层部的淬透性降低,导致部分地形成铁素体,因此可能会发生弯曲性变差的问题。
此外,根据本发明的一个方面,更优选地,可以将收卷的热轧钢板加热至800-840℃,并在露点温度为10℃至30℃的气氛中进行所述退火10-100秒。
镀覆步骤
在退火后,将收卷的热轧钢板浸入镀浴中进行镀覆,所述镀浴由锌、铝或包含它们的合金组成。本发明中可以对形成镀层时使用的镀浴的成分不作特别限制。但是,作为一个非限制性的具体实施方案,本发明中使用的镀浴可以由锌、锌合金、铝、铝合金组成。此外,镀覆条件只要是通常用于热压成型用钢板的镀覆条件,则可以不受限制地用于本发明中,因此在本说明书中不特别提及。此外,根据本发明的一个方面,所述镀浴可以包含其它不可避免的杂质,在不损害本发明的目的的范围内,所述锌合金和铝合金也可以包含通常可以包含的成分,特别是可以包含其它不可避免的杂质。
制造冲击特性优异的热成型部件的方法
可以通过对根据上述本发明的制造方法制造的热成型用镀覆钢板进行热压成型来制造冲击特性优异的热成型部件。此时,所述热压成型可以使用本技术领域中通常利用的方法。但是,作为一个非限制性的具体实施方案,可以在Ac3至950℃的温度范围内对热成型用镀覆钢板进行热处理1-15分钟后通过冲压进行热成型。
具体实施方式
以下,通过实施例对本发明进行更具体的说明。但是,需要注意的是,下述实施例仅仅是用于例示本发明以进行具体的说明,并不是用于限制本发明的权利范围。这是因为本发明的权利范围是由权利要求书中记载的内容和由此合理推导的内容所决定。
(实施例)
首先,准备具有下表1中示出的合金组成的板坯,并根据下表2中示出的制造条件,对所述板坯进行加热、热轧、收卷,从而制造热轧钢板。之后,根据表2中示出的退火条件进行退火,然后浸入锌镀浴中进行镀覆,使得以单面为基准的镀覆量为70g/m2,从而制造镀覆钢板。
[表1]
[表2]
对于根据所述制造条件制造的发明例和比较例的镀覆钢板,利用可以在深度方向上进行各种成分的定量分析的辉光放电光谱仪(Glow Discharge Spectrometer,GDS;使用美国力可(LECO)公司的GDS 850A)方法,对从表层到深度方向上的充分的深度中的碳(C)、锰(Mn)和铬(Cr)的浓度进行分析,并根据GDS分析结果,利用积分法分析属于表层部的区域的平均含量,然后将其结果示于下表3中。通常,在GDS分析的情况下,对于2-6mm的圆形面积进行深度方向上的分析,因此难以根据深度方向上的浓度分布指定准确的镀层/基础钢板的界面,但基于各种光学和SEM的分析结果等,本发明中将Zn含量为1%的位置处作为镀层/基础钢板的界面。
[表3]
类别 | 钢种 | CB | CS | 比(CS/CB) | MnB+CrB | MnS+CrS | 比((MnS+CrS)/(MnB+CrB)) |
发明例1 | A | 0.21 | 0.03 | 0.14 | 1.52 | 1.32 | 0.87 |
发明例2 | B | 0.2 | 0.07 | 0.35 | 2.6 | 2.43 | 0.93 |
比较例1 | A | 0.21 | 0.2 | 0.95 | 1.52 | 1.49 | 0.98 |
比较例2 | A | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.90 | 1.52 | 1.5 | 0.99 |
比较例3 | B | 0.2 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 2.6 | 1.74 | 0.67 |
比较例4 | B | 0.2 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 2.6 | 1.52 | 0.58 |
此外,对于各发明例和比较例的镀覆钢板,根据下表4中记载的条件进行热压成型,从而制造热成型部件。在所制造的热成型部件的平面部位采集试片,并进行拉伸试验和弯曲试验(VDA238-100),通过GDS分析在深度方向上对碳(C)、锰(Mn)和铬(Cr)的浓度进行分析,而且通过光学显微镜观察截面来评价部件表层部的马氏体晶界中的铁素体覆盖率,并将其结果一同示于表4中。
[表4]
根据本发明的条件制造的发明例1和发明例2的镀覆钢板的比(CS/CB)为0.6以下,并且比((MnS+CrS)/(MnB+CrB))满足0.8以上。因此,通过对所述发明例1和发明例2的镀覆钢板进行热压成型而制造的热成型部件的比(CPS/CB)为1.2以下,并且比((MnPS+CrPS)/(MnB+CrB))满足0.8以上,从而表层部的马氏体晶界中的铁素体覆盖率为30%以下,并且在1500MPa级的拉伸强度下的弯曲角度为60°以上,因此显示出良好的弯曲特性。
比较例1是退火时的露点温度低于-10℃的情况,比较例2是退火时的加热温度未达到本发明的条件的情况,比较例1和比较例2的镀覆钢板的比(CS/CB)均超过0.6,因此热成型部件中的比(CPS/CB)也超过1.2,从而弯曲特性变差。
另外,比较例3是退火时的露点温度超过30℃的情况,比较例4是过度进行退火的情况,比较例3和比较例4的镀覆钢板的比(CS/CB)均满足本发明的条件,但比((MnS+CrS)/(MnB+CrB))小于0.8,并且热成型部件的比((MnPS+CrPS)/(MnB+CrB))小于0.8。因此,部件表层部的马氏体晶界中的铁素体覆盖率超过30%,并且与其它实施例相比,拉伸强度相对降低的同时弯曲性也大幅降低。
以上通过参考实施例进行了说明,但本领域技术人员可以理解在不脱离权利要求书中记载的本发明的思想和领域的范围内可以对本发明进行各种修改和改变。
Claims (10)
1.一种热成型后的冲击特性优异的热成型用镀覆钢板,其包括:
基础钢板,以重量%计,所述基础钢板包含:C:0.15-0.4%、Si:0.1-1%、Mn:0.6-8%、P:0.001-0.05%、S:0.0001-0.02%、Al:0.01-0.1%、N:0.001-0.02%、Cr:0.01-0.5%、余量的Fe和其它杂质;和
镀层,其形成在所述基础钢板的表面,并且所述镀层由锌、铝或包含它们的合金形成,
其中,表层部的C含量(CS)与所述基础钢板的C含量(CB)的比(CS/CB)为0.6以下,
表层部的Mn和Cr含量之和(MnS+CrS)与所述基础钢板的Mn和Cr含量之和(MnB+CrB)的比((MnS+CrS)/(MnB+CrB))为0.8以上,
其中,所述表层部是指从除所述镀层之外的基础钢板的表面到深度为15μm的区域。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热成型后的冲击特性优异的热成型用镀覆钢板,其特征在于,以重量%计,所述基础钢板还包含B:0.0005-0.01%和Ti:0.01-0.05%中的一种以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的热成型后的冲击特性优异的热成型用镀覆钢板,其特征在于,所述基础钢板的微细组织中,以面积%计,
表层部中包含40-100%的铁素体,余量包含0-60%的珠光体、贝氏体或马氏体,
中心部中包含30-90%的铁素体,余量包含10-70%的珠光体、贝氏体或马氏体。
4.一种冲击特性优异的热成型部件,其包括:
基础钢板,以重量%计,所述基础钢板包含:C:0.15-0.4%、Si:0.1-1%、Mn:0.6-8%、P:0.001-0.05%、S:0.0001-0.02%、Al:0.01-0.1%、N:0.001-0.02%、Cr:0.01-0.5%、余量的Fe和其它杂质;和
合金镀层,其形成在所述基础钢板的表面,并且所述合金镀层由包含锌或铝的合金形成,
其中,部件表层部的C含量(CPS)与所述基础钢板的C含量(CB)的比(CPS/CB)为1.2以下,
部件表层部的Mn和Cr含量之和(MnPS+CrPS)与所述基础钢板的Mn和Cr含量之和(MnB+CrB)的比((MnPS+CrPS)/(MnB+CrB))为0.8以上,
其中,所述部件表层部是指从除所述合金镀层之外的基础钢板的表面到深度为25μm的区域。
5.根据权利要求4所述的冲击特性优异的热成型部件,其特征在于,以重量%计,所述基础钢板还包含B:0.0005-0.01%和Ti:0.01-0.05%中的一种以上。
6.根据权利要求4所述的冲击特性优异的热成型部件,其特征在于,所述部件表层部的马氏体晶界中的铁素体覆盖率为30%以下。
7.一种制造热成型后的冲击特性优异的热成型用镀覆钢板的方法,其包括以下步骤:
准备板坯,并将所述板坯加热至1050-1300℃的温度,以重量%计,所述板坯包含:C:0.15-0.4%、Si:0.1-1%、Mn:0.6-8%、P:0.001-0.05%、S:0.0001-0.02%、Al:0.01-0.1%、N:0.001-0.02%、Cr:0.01-0.5%、余量的Fe和其它杂质;
在800-950℃的热精轧温度范围内对加热的所述板坯进行热轧以获得热轧钢板;
在完成热精轧后,在450-750℃下对所述热轧钢板进行收卷;
将收卷的所述热轧钢板加热至800-840℃,并在露点温度为10℃至30℃的气氛中进行退火10-100秒;以及
在退火后,将所述热轧钢板浸入镀浴中进行镀覆,所述镀浴由锌、铝或包含它们的合金组成。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制造热成型后的冲击特性优异的热成型用镀覆钢板的方法,其特征在于,在所述热轧之后且在收卷之前,进一步包括通过冷轧获得冷轧钢板的步骤。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制造热成型后的冲击特性优异的热成型用镀覆钢板的方法,其特征在于,以重量%计,所述板坯还包含B:0.00005-0.01%和Ti:0.01-0.05%中的一种以上。
10.一种制造冲击特性优异的热成型部件的方法,其中在Ac3至950℃的温度范围内对通过权利要求7至9中任一项所述的方法制造的热成型用镀覆钢板进行热处理1-15分钟后进行热压成型。
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