CN113186656A - 一种氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种氮化碳‑聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜及其制备方法与应用,该氮化碳‑聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜由含有氮化碳的聚乙烯醇纳米纤维构成;其中,部分氮化碳裸露在聚乙烯醇纳米纤维外并镶嵌于聚乙烯醇纳米纤维中。其制备方法是将氮化碳的N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺分散液与聚乙烯醇水溶液混合制成纺丝原液,并采用该纺丝原液进行静电纺丝,从而即制得所述氮化碳‑聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜。本发明具有良好的生物相容性和抑菌、杀菌性能,而且对环境友好、制备工艺简单,在人造皮肤、医疗抗菌和食品保鲜等方面具有广泛的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜领域,尤其涉及一种氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
纳米纤维具有较小的直径和很大的比表面积,而纳米纤维膜具有高透气的特性,利用静电纺丝技术已经成功制备包括聚乙烯醇(PVA)在内的多个高分子纳米纤维膜。氮化碳是一种与石墨烯结构类似的二维层状非金属聚合物,它在光照下会发生电子跃迁而产生具有氧化性的活性基团,这些活性基团可以进一步破坏细菌的细胞壁和细胞膜,从而使细菌因内部组织渗漏而死亡。氮化碳对于大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等细菌,均具有显著的抑制效果。
聚乙烯醇(PVA)是一种由聚醋酸乙烯酯醇解而成的水溶性线形聚合物,含有大量的羟基,根据醇解度的不同,PVA分成不同的型号,比较常见的是醇解度为50、88和99,羟基之间可由氢键交联形成大分子网络。聚乙烯醇(PVA)也是一种环保型材料,无毒、无污染、可完全生物降解。
在现有的文献中,未见氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抑菌膜的研究,可见的报道有氮化碳粉末作为光催化抑菌材料,并测试其对大肠杆菌的抑菌性能,在光照下氮化碳具有较好的抑菌性能。粉末材料在使用过程中有诸多不便。
聚乙烯醇为水溶性高分子材料,而氮化碳在水中分散性较差,因此难以形成均匀的共混溶液成膜。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的上述不足之处,本发明提供了一种氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜及其制备方法与应用。该氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜具有良好的生物相容性和抑菌、杀菌性能,而且对环境友好、制备工艺简单,在人造皮肤、医疗抗菌和食品保鲜等方面具有广泛的应用前景。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜,该氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜由含有氮化碳的聚乙烯醇纳米纤维构成;其中,部分氮化碳裸露在聚乙烯醇纳米纤维外并镶嵌于聚乙烯醇纳米纤维中。
优选地,该氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜中,氮化碳的质量含量为聚乙烯醇相对质量含量的0.5~5%。
一种氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜的制备方法,包括:将氮化碳的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分散液与聚乙烯醇水溶液混合制成纺丝原液,并采用该纺丝原液进行静电纺丝,从而制得上述的氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜。
优选地,所述纺丝原液中,聚乙烯醇占所述纺丝原液总质量的5~10%,氮化碳占所述聚乙烯醇总质量的0.5~5%,其余为溶剂。
优选地,所述的采用该纺丝原液进行静电纺丝包括:将所述纺丝原液注入静电纺丝装置的注射泵中,并调节注射泵的泵出速度为0.5~2mL/h,采用静电纺丝法将所述纺丝原液通过电场的静电作用拉伸成超细纤维膜。
优选地,在静电纺丝过程中,纺丝电压为15~24kV,纺丝接收距离为12~25cm,纺丝温度为15~25℃,控制纺丝时间为10min~60min。
优选地,所述氮化碳的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分散液的制备方法包括:将尿素放入坩埚中并置于马弗炉中烧结,从而制得氮化碳;然后将所述氮化碳分散于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,从而得到氮化碳的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分散液。
优选地,所述聚乙烯醇水溶液的制备方法包括:将聚乙烯醇、甘油和水在常温下搅拌1小时,然后在90℃下加热搅拌1小时,从而制得聚乙烯醇水溶液。
一种氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜的应用,将上述的氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜用于抑菌用途的制品。
由本发明提供的技术方案可以看出,本发明采用了不同溶剂复配的方法,将氮化碳的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分散液与聚乙烯醇水溶液混合来制备纺丝原液,这能够使氮化碳均匀分散于聚乙烯醇水溶液中,然后采用该纺丝原液进行静电纺丝来制备纳米纤维膜,并控制纺丝原液中各组分含量和静电纺丝工艺参数,从而使制得的氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜具有良好的生物相容性和抑菌、杀菌性能,而且对环境友好、制备工艺简单,在人造皮肤、医疗抗菌和食品保鲜等方面具有广泛的应用前景。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他附图。
图1为对比例1与本发明实施例3中的纳米纤维膜的抑菌效果图。
图2为本发明实施例1、本发明实施例2、本发明实施例3和对比例1的扫描电镜照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。
下面对本发明所提供的氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜及其制备方法与应用进行详细描述。本发明实施例中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。
一种氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜,该氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜由含有氮化碳的聚乙烯醇纳米纤维构成;其中,部分氮化碳裸露在聚乙烯醇纳米纤维外并镶嵌于聚乙烯醇纳米纤维中。所述氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜中,氮化碳的质量含量为聚乙烯醇相对质量含量的0.5~5%。该氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜可用于抑菌用途的各种制品。
具体地,该氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜的制备方法可以包括以下步骤:
步骤1、氮化碳的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分散液的制备:将尿素放入坩埚中并置于马弗炉中烧结,从而制得氮化碳;然后将所述氮化碳分散于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,从而得到氮化碳的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分散液。
步骤2、聚乙烯醇水溶液的制备:将聚乙烯醇、甘油和水在常温下搅拌1小时,然后在90℃下加热搅拌1小时,从而制得聚乙烯醇水溶液。
步骤3、将所述氮化碳的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分散液与所述聚乙烯醇水溶液按一定比例混合均匀制成纺丝原液,使该纺丝原液中,聚乙烯醇占所述纺丝原液总质量的5~10%,氮化碳占所述聚乙烯醇质量的0.5~5%,其余为溶剂(所述溶液为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和水);然后将所述纺丝原液注入静电纺丝装置的注射泵中,并调节注射泵的泵出速度为0.5~2mL/h,采用静电纺丝法将所述纺丝原液通过电场的静电作用拉伸成超细纤维膜,以铝箔或其他接收装置进行接收,在静电纺丝过程中,纺丝电压设置为15~24kV,纺丝接收距离为12~25cm,纺丝温度为15~25℃,控制纺丝时间为10min~60min,从而制得上述的氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜。
进一步地,本发明是以氮化碳的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分散液与聚乙烯醇水溶液混合后的溶液作为纺丝原液,然后采用静电纺丝技术一步成型,从而得到了具有良好抗菌性能的氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜;该氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜是氮化碳与聚乙烯醇纳米纤维一体成型的,使氮化碳嵌入聚乙烯醇纳米纤维表面,赋予了聚乙烯醇纳米纤维抑菌性能。在实际应用中,可以将纺丝原液放入现有静电纺丝装置的具有承载装置(所述承载装置最好设有旋转式接收装置)支撑的一个或多个注射筒中,提供一定电压的高压电源于所述注射筒,提供铝箔用于接收抗菌膜,其中由静电高压使所述注射筒的一端带电,并使所述纺丝原液夹带电荷分裂喷射向所述铝箔而成多股细流,该细流喷射到所述铝箔上固化,从而形成上述的氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜。
综上可见,本发明实施例具有抑菌、杀菌性能,而且对环境友好、制备工艺简单,在人造皮肤、医疗抗菌和食品保鲜等方面具有广泛的应用前景。
为了更加清晰地展现出本发明所提供的技术方案及所产生的技术效果,下面以具体实施例对本发明实施例所提供的氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜及其制备方法与应用进行详细描述。
实施例1
一种氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜,其制备方法可以包括以下步骤:
步骤A1、氮化碳的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分散液的制备:将尿素放入坩埚中并置入马弗炉进行烧结,在马弗炉中以10℃/min的升温速率升至550℃,保温时间为4h,待冷却至室温后,用去离子水和乙醇分别冲洗,干燥后研磨,从而制得氮化碳粉末;将所述氮化碳粉末分散于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,制成质量分数为0.25%的氮化碳的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分散液。
步骤A2、聚乙烯醇水溶液的制备:将1质量份甘油滴入69质量份去离子水中,以200rpm的转速搅拌10min,再加入10质量份聚乙烯醇,在常温下以1000rpm的转速搅拌1h,然后以90℃水浴加热搅拌1h,从而制得聚乙烯醇水溶液。
步骤A3、将20质量份的步骤A1所述质量分数为0.25%的氮化碳的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分散液加入到步骤A2所述聚乙烯醇水溶液中,以200rpm的转速搅拌1h,从而得到聚乙烯醇质量分数为10%、氮化碳占聚乙烯醇质量0.5%的纺丝原液,静止脱泡24h后,用于后续的静电纺丝。
步骤A4、静电纺丝在静电纺丝机上进行。将铝箔固定平板接收器上,将步骤A3所述的纺丝原液注入注射器中,将注射器固定在微量注射泵上,把高压电通到金属针头,所述微量注射泵的推进速度为1.5mL/h,纺丝正电压为16kV,纺丝负电压为-1kV,纺丝温度为15~25℃,湿度为40~60%,针尖到接收器的距离为15cm;所述纺丝原液经所述微量注射泵推动,针尖处的液滴在高压电场作用下发生劈裂和牵伸,射流飞行过程中随着溶剂挥发,纤维固化而沉积到铝箔上,纺丝时间为60min,从而制得氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜。
实施例2
一种氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜,其制备方法可以包括以下步骤:
步骤B1、氮化碳的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分散液的制备:将尿素放入坩埚中并置入马弗炉进行烧结,在马弗炉中以10℃/min的升温速率升至550℃,保温时间为4h,待冷却至室温后,用去离子水和乙醇冲洗,干燥后研磨,从而制得氮化碳粉末;将所述氮化碳粉末分散于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,制成质量分数为0.5%的氮化碳的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分散液。
步骤B2、聚乙烯醇水溶液的制备:将1质量份甘油滴入69质量份去离子水中,以200rpm的转速搅拌10min,再加入10质量份聚乙烯醇,在常温下以1000rpm的转速搅拌1h,然后以90℃水浴加热搅拌1h,从而制得聚乙烯醇水溶液。
步骤B3、将20质量份步骤B1所述质量分数为0.5%的氮化碳的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分散液加入到步骤B2所述聚乙烯醇水溶液中,以200rpm的转速搅拌1h,从而得到聚乙烯醇质量分数为10%、氮化碳占聚乙烯醇总质量1%的纺丝原液,静止脱泡24h后,用于后续的静电纺丝。
步骤B4、静电纺丝在静电纺丝机上进行。将铝箔固定平板接收器上,将步骤B3所述的纺丝原液注入注射器中,将注射器固定在微量注射泵上,把高压电通到金属针头,所述微量注射泵的推进速度为1.5mL/h,纺丝正电压为16kV,纺丝负电压为-1kV,纺丝温度为15~25℃,湿度为40~60%,针尖到接收器的距离为15cm;所述纺丝原液经所述微量注射泵推动,针尖处的液滴在高压电场作用下发生劈裂和牵伸,射流飞行过程中随着溶剂挥发,纤维固化而沉积到铝箔上,纺丝时间为60min,从而制得氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜。
实施例3
一种氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜,其制备方法可以包括以下步骤:
步骤C1、氮化碳的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分散液的制备:将尿素放入坩埚中并置入马弗炉进行烧结,在马弗炉中以10℃/min的升温速率升至550℃,保温时间为4h,待冷却至室温后,用去离子水和乙醇冲洗,干燥后研磨,从而制得氮化碳粉末;将所述氮化碳粉末分散于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,制成质量分数为0.75%的氮化碳的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分散液。
步骤C2、聚乙烯醇水溶液的制备:将1质量份甘油滴入69体积份去离子水中,以200rpm的转速搅拌10min,再加入10质量份聚乙烯醇,在常温下以1000rpm的转速搅拌1h,然后以90℃水浴加热搅拌1h,从而制得聚乙烯醇水溶液。
步骤C3、将20质量份步骤C1所述质量分数为0.75%的氮化碳的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分散液加入到步骤C2所述聚乙烯醇水溶液中,以200rpm的转速搅拌1h,从而得到聚乙烯醇质量分数为10%、氮化碳占聚乙烯醇总质量1.5%的纺丝原液,静止脱泡24h后,用于后续的静电纺丝。
步骤C4、静电纺丝在静电纺丝机上进行。将铝箔固定平板接收器上,将步骤C3所述的纺丝原液注入注射器中,将注射器固定在微量注射泵上,把高压电通到金属针头,所述微量注射泵的推进速度为1.5mL/h,纺丝正电压为16kV,纺丝负电压为-1kV,纺丝温度为15~25℃,湿度为40~60%,针尖到接收器的距离为15cm;所述纺丝原液经所述微量注射泵推动,针尖处的液滴在高压电场作用下发生劈裂和牵伸,射流飞行过程中随着溶剂挥发,纤维固化而沉积到铝箔上,纺丝时间为60min,从而制得氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜。
对比例1
一种聚乙烯醇纳米纤维膜,其制备方法可以包括以下步骤:
步骤D1、聚乙烯醇水溶液的制备:将1质量份甘油滴入69质量份去离子水中,以200rpm的转速搅拌10min,再加入10质量份聚乙烯醇,在常温下以1000rpm的转速搅拌1h,然后以90℃去离子水浴加热搅拌1h,从而制得聚乙烯醇水溶液。
步骤D2、将20质量份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺加入到步骤D1所述聚乙烯醇水溶液中,以200rpm的转速搅拌1h,从而得到聚乙烯醇质量分数为10%的纺丝原液,静止脱泡24h后,用于后续的静电纺丝。
步骤D3、静电纺丝在静电纺丝机上进行。将铝箔固定平板接收器上,将步骤D2所述的纺丝原液注入注射器中,将注射器固定在微量注射泵上,把高压电通到金属针头,所述微量注射泵的推进速度为1.5mL/h,纺丝正电压为16kV,纺丝负电压为-1kV,纺丝温度为15~25℃,湿度为40~60%,针尖到接收器的距离为15cm;所述纺丝原液经所述微量注射泵推动,针尖处的液滴在高压电场作用下发生劈裂和牵伸,射流飞行过程中随着溶剂挥发,纤维固化而沉积到铝箔上,纺丝时间为60min,从而制得聚乙烯醇纳米纤维膜。
性能检测
对本发明实施例1、本发明实施例2、本发明实施例3和对比例1进行以下性能检测:
(1)采用本发明实施例3和对比例1对浓度为106cfu/mL的大肠埃希氏菌(ATCC25922)进行抑菌性对比实验,实验全部在超净台中进行,细菌培养温度为37±1℃,从而可以得到如图1所示的抑菌效果图;其中,图1A为对比例1制得的聚乙烯醇纳米纤维膜的抑菌效果图,图1B为本发明实施例3制得的氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜的抑菌效果图。由图1A和图1B可以看出:对比例1制得的聚乙烯醇纳米纤维膜所在的培养皿中分不清聚乙烯醇纳米纤维膜和细菌,而本发明实施例3制得的氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜1所在的培养皿中,该氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜1周围明显有一圈空白区域,该氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜1与细菌明显分离,这说明对比例1制得的聚乙烯醇纳米纤维膜不具有抑菌、杀菌性能,而本发明实施例3制得的氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜具有良好的抑菌、杀菌性能。
(2)采用扫描电镜对本发明实施例1、本发明实施例2、本发明实施例3和对比例1的微观形貌进行观测,从而可以得到如图2所示的扫描电镜照片;其中,图2A为对比例1的低分辨率扫描电镜照片,图2B为本发明实施例1所制得的氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜的高分辨率扫描电镜照片。图2C为本发明实施例2所制得的氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜的高分辨率扫描电镜照片。图2D为本发明实施例3所制得的氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜的高分辨率扫描电镜照片。由图2可以看出,随着氮化碳的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分散液中氮化碳含量的增加,所制得的纤维膜上的氮化碳颗粒会随之增加。
综上可见,本发明实施例具有抑菌、杀菌性能,而且对环境友好、制备工艺简单,在人造皮肤、医疗抗菌和食品保鲜等方面具有广泛的应用前景。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。
Claims (9)
1.一种氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜,其特征在于,该氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜由含有氮化碳的聚乙烯醇纳米纤维构成;其中,部分氮化碳裸露在聚乙烯醇纳米纤维外并镶嵌于聚乙烯醇纳米纤维中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜,其特征在于,该氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜中,氮化碳的质量含量为聚乙烯醇相对质量含量的0.5~5%。
3.一种氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:将氮化碳的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分散液与聚乙烯醇水溶液混合制成纺丝原液,并采用该纺丝原液进行静电纺丝,从而制得上述权利要求1至2中任一项所述的氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜。
4.根据权利要求3所述的氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纺丝原液中,聚乙烯醇占所述纺丝原液总质量的5~10%,氮化碳占所述聚乙烯醇总质量的0.5~5%,其余为溶剂。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的采用该纺丝原液进行静电纺丝包括:将所述纺丝原液注入静电纺丝装置的注射泵中,并调节注射泵的泵出速度为0.5~2mL/h,采用静电纺丝法将所述纺丝原液通过电场的静电作用拉伸成超细纤维膜。
6.根据权利要求3或4所述的氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜的制备方法,其特征在于,在静电纺丝过程中,纺丝电压为15~24kV,纺丝接收距离为12~25cm,纺丝温度为15~25℃,控制纺丝时间为10min~60min。
7.根据权利要求3或4所述的氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氮化碳的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分散液的制备方法包括:将尿素放入坩埚中并置于马弗炉中烧结,从而制得氮化碳;然后将所述氮化碳分散于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,从而得到氮化碳的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分散液。
8.根据权利要求3或4所述的氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚乙烯醇水溶液的制备方法包括:将聚乙烯醇、甘油和水在常温下搅拌1小时,然后在90℃下加热搅拌1小时,从而制得聚乙烯醇水溶液。
9.一种氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜的应用,其特征在于,将上述权利要求1至2中任一项所述的氮化碳-聚乙烯醇复合抗菌膜用于抑菌用途的制品。
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