CN113179888A - Method for improving protein content of silage corn feed - Google Patents
Method for improving protein content of silage corn feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN113179888A CN113179888A CN202110601522.7A CN202110601522A CN113179888A CN 113179888 A CN113179888 A CN 113179888A CN 202110601522 A CN202110601522 A CN 202110601522A CN 113179888 A CN113179888 A CN 113179888A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of silage. The invention provides a method for improving the protein content of silage corn feed, which comprises the following steps: planting silage corns on two sides of the planting belt, and planting soybeans on the inner part of the planting belt; after the soybeans and the corns are sown for 2-3 days, respectively spraying herbicides in the 2-3 leaf-compound period of the soybeans and the 3-5 leaf period of the corns; topdressing is respectively carried out at the corn seedling stage, the corn jointing-removing and booting stage and the emasculation and flowering stage; harvesting and ensiling from the late stage of the milk ripening of the corn grains to the early stage of the wax ripening and from the late stage of the soybean swelling. The method has the advantages that the silage corns and the soybeans are planted in a combined mode, the edge row advantages of the high-stalk crop corns are played, the utilization rate of land, water, nutrients, space and photo-thermal resources is improved, the nitrogen fixation of the soybean root nodules is increased, the diversity of soil bacterial communities is enriched, the soil quality is improved, the effect of crop self-rotation stubble reversing is achieved, the circular agriculture mode combining planting and breeding is realized, and the ecological benefit is obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of silage, in particular to a method for improving the protein content of silage corn feed.
Background
Currently the main sources of silage are crop straw, annual forage grass and perennial forage grass. Wherein the ensiling yield of the crop straws is more than 19000 ten thousand tons, the ensiling yield of the annual forage grass is more than 6000 ten thousand tons, the ensiling yield of the annual forage grass is more than 3000 ten thousand tons, and the corn ensiling ratio is the largest. Silage corn feed, which uses silage corn as a main raw material, needs additional soybean meal to supplement the protein content in the feed, which brings challenges to national soybean supply.
With the rapid development of animal husbandry, the supply of high-quality pasture is seriously insufficient. The silage corn and the high-protein soybean are planted in a composite mode, the whole corn and the soybean are obtained by mixing from the late stage of milk ripening of corn grains to the early stage of wax ripening of the corn grains for silage, the advantages of vigorous nutrition and high plant protein content in the late stage of soybean swelling are fully exerted, the protein content of the silage corn is obviously increased, the quality of the silage corn feed is improved, and the defects that the single silage corn feed is low in protein content (6% -7% of protein content) and poor in silage corn feed quality are overcome. The high-protein soybean and the silage corn are planted in a composite mode, the yield of the silage corn is guaranteed, the protein content of the silage corn feed is increased (the protein content is increased by about 7%), the effect of crop rotation and stubble rotation is achieved, and planting combined ecological-friendly agriculture is achieved. The development of animal husbandry is organically combined with the development of the feed corn, so that a new space is developed for the adjustment of the agricultural structure, and the comprehensive benefit of agriculture can be increased. Therefore, the development of a method for improving the protein content of the silage corn has great significance for promoting the healthy development of animal husbandry and the sustainable development of agriculture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the protein content of silage corn feed, which obviously improves the quality of the silage corn feed.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for improving the protein content of silage corn feed, which comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging planting belts according to the width of 160-180 cm, planting silage corns on two sides of the planting belts, and planting soybeans on the inner parts of the planting belts;
(2) after the soybeans and the corns are sown for 2-3 days, spraying a herbicide on the planting zone;
(3) spraying a herbicide on the soybeans in the 2-3 leaf-compound period of the soybeans;
(4) spraying a herbicide for both corns and soybeans on a planting belt in a 3-5 leaf stage of the corns;
(5) topdressing is respectively carried out at the corn seedling stage, the corn jointing-removing and booting stage and the emasculation and flowering stage;
(6) and harvesting the whole corn and soybean plants from the late stage of the milk ripening of corn grains to the early stage of the wax ripening and the late stage of the soybean swelling, and ensiling.
Preferably, urea, diammonium phosphate and compound fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer before planting; the amount of the base fertilizer is 13-17 kg/mu of urea, 13-17 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 8-12 kg/mu of compound fertilizer.
Preferably, the soybean and the corn are sown on the same day, the corn seeds are coated before sowing, the soybean seeds are mixed with the rhizobia agent, and the use ratio of the soybean seeds to the rhizobia agent is 1 kg: 2-4 mL.
Preferably, the soybean varieties are bean 6, Ningdou No. 7, Qinqou 2014, Su bean 13 and Jinke No. 2, and the corn varieties are Zhengda 12 and Tungyu 168.
Preferably, the distance between the planting belts is 25-35 cm.
Preferably, the number of the rows of the soybeans in each planting zone is 3, the distance between the soybeans and the corns is 48-62 cm, the plant spacing of the soybeans is 9-10 cm, the row spacing is 28-32 cm, the sowing depth is 4-6 cm, the plant spacing of the corns is 12-13 cm, and the sowing depth is 4-6 cm, 1 row of the corns is different from the planting spacing of the corns, and the planting depth of the corns is different from the planting spacing of the corns.
Preferably, the herbicide used in the step (2) is acetochlor, and the acetochlor is diluted by water and sprayed when in use; the using amount of the acetochlor is 150-200 mL/mu of 50% acetochlor or 100-120 mL/mu of 90% acetochlor, and the water consumption per mu is 30-35L during dilution.
Preferably, the herbicide used in the step (3) is 15% of quizalofop-p-ethyl and 40% of bentazone, and is sprayed after being diluted by water; the usage amount of the 15% quizalofop-p-ethyl is 25-35 mL/mu, the usage amount of the 40% bentazone is 180-220 mL/mu, and the water consumption per mu in dilution is 30-35L.
Preferably, the herbicide for both corn and soybean is 75% thifensulfuron methyl suspending agent, and is diluted by water and sprayed when in use; the usage amount of the 75% thifensulfuron methyl suspending agent is 1.4-2.0 g/mu, and the water consumption per mu in dilution is 25-35L.
Preferably, the dressing amount of diammonium phosphate in the seedling stage of the corn is 13-17 kg/mu, the dressing amount of urea in the ear-stage of the corn is 18-22 kg/mu, and the dressing amount of diammonium phosphate in the emasculation and flowering stage is 13-17 kg/mu.
The invention provides a method for improving the protein content of silage corn feed, which comprises the following steps: planting silage corns on two sides of the planting belt, and planting soybeans on the inner part of the planting belt; after the soybeans and the corns are sown for 2-3 days, respectively spraying herbicides in the 2-3 leaf-compound period of the soybeans and the 3-5 leaf period of the corns; topdressing is respectively carried out at the corn seedling stage, the corn jointing-removing and booting stage and the emasculation and flowering stage; harvesting and ensiling from the late stage of the milk ripening of the corn grains to the early stage of the wax ripening and from the late stage of the soybean swelling. The method has the advantages that the silage corns and the soybeans are planted in a combined mode, the edge row advantages of the high-stalk crop corns are played, the utilization rate of land, water, nutrients, space and photo-thermal resources is improved, the nitrogen fixation of the soybean root nodules is increased, the diversity of soil bacterial communities is enriched, the soil quality is improved, the effect of crop self-rotation stubble reversing is achieved, the circular agriculture mode combining planting and breeding is realized, and the ecological benefit is obvious.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for improving the protein content of silage corn feed, which comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging planting belts according to the width of 160-180 cm, planting silage corns on two sides of the planting belts, and planting soybeans on the inner parts of the planting belts;
(2) after the soybeans and the corns are sown for 2-3 days, spraying a herbicide on the planting zone;
(3) spraying a herbicide on the soybeans in the 2-3 leaf-compound period of the soybeans;
(4) spraying a herbicide for both corns and soybeans on a planting belt in a 3-5 leaf stage of the corns;
(5) topdressing is respectively carried out at the corn seedling stage, the corn jointing-removing and booting stage and the emasculation and flowering stage;
(6) and harvesting the whole corn and soybean plants from the late stage of the milk ripening of corn grains to the early stage of the wax ripening and the late stage of the soybean swelling, and ensiling.
In the invention, urea, diammonium phosphate and compound fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer before planting.
In the invention, the dosage of the urea is preferably 13-17 kg/mu, more preferably 14-16 kg/mu, and still more preferably 15/mu.
In the invention, the dosage of the diammonium phosphate is preferably 13-17 kg/mu, more preferably 14-16 kg/mu, and still more preferably 15/mu.
In the invention, the dosage of the compound fertilizer is preferably 8-12 kg/mu, more preferably 9-11 kg/mu, and even more preferably 10 kg/mu.
In the present invention, the compound fertilizer is preferably a ternary compound fertilizer.
In the invention, N, P in the compound fertilizer2O5、K2The preferred ratio of O nutrients is 16: 16.
In the present invention, the soybean and the corn are preferably sown on the same day.
In the present invention, it is preferable to sow seeds when the ground temperature of 5-10 cm on the surface of the soil is stabilized at 10 ℃ or higher.
In the present invention, the corn seeds are preferably subjected to a coating treatment before sowing.
In the invention, the coating is carried out by using a special seed coating agent for corn.
In the invention, the special corn seed coating agent is preferably a Senzheng Fu Bright corn seed coating agent.
In the present invention, it is preferable to mix soybean seeds with the rhizobium inoculant before sowing.
In the present invention, the ratio of the soybean seeds to the rhizobium inoculant is preferably 1 kg: 2-4 mL, more preferably 1 kg: 3 mL.
In the invention, the soybean seeds and the rhizobium inoculant are mixed and then dried in the shade, and the mixture is used after being dried in the shade.
In the present invention, the soybean varieties are preferably bean No. 6, ningdou No. 7, qinshu 2014, suzuo 13 and jin ke No. 2.
In the present invention, the corn variety is preferably zhengda 12, tunyu 168.
In the invention, the distance between the planting belts is 25-35 cm.
In the present invention, the number of rows of soybeans per planting zone is preferably 3 rows.
In the present invention, each plant zone is preferably flanked on both sides by 1 row of corn.
In the invention, the distance between the soybeans and the corns is preferably 48-60 cm, and more preferably 50 cm.
In the invention, the plant spacing of the soybeans is preferably 9-10 cm.
In the present invention, the row pitch of the soybeans is preferably 30 cm.
In the present invention, the depth of sowing of the soybeans is preferably 4 to 6cm, and more preferably 5 cm.
In the invention, the plant spacing of the corn is preferably 12-13 cm.
In the invention, the sowing depth of the corn is preferably 4-6 cm, and more preferably 5 cm.
In the invention, 5000-5500 seedlings are protected for each mu of corn, and 10000-12000 seedlings are protected for each mu of soybean.
In the present invention, the herbicide used in said step (2) is preferably acetochlor, which is diluted with water and sprayed at the time of use.
In the invention, the using amount of the acetochlor is preferably 150-200 mL/mu of 50% acetochlor, more preferably 160-190 mL/mu of 50% acetochlor, and still more preferably 170-180 mL/mu of 50% acetochlor.
In the invention, the using amount of the acetochlor is preferably 100-120 mL/mu of 90% acetochlor, more preferably 105-115 mL/mu of 90% acetochlor, and still more preferably 110 mL/mu of 90% acetochlor.
In the invention, the water consumption per mu during acetochlor dilution is preferably 30-35L, more preferably 31-34L, and still more preferably 32-33L.
In the present invention, the herbicide used in the step (3) is preferably 15% quizalofop-p-ethyl and 40% bentazone, and is used by spraying after being diluted with water.
In the invention, the usage amount of the 15% quizalofop-p-ethyl is preferably 25-35 mL/mu, and more preferably 30 mL/mu.
In the invention, the using amount of the 40% bentazone is preferably 180-220 mL/mu, more preferably 190-210 mL/mu, and even more preferably 200 mL/mu.
In the invention, the water consumption per mu when the 15% quizalofop-p-ethyl and the 40% bentazone are diluted is preferably 30-35L, more preferably 31-34L, and still more preferably 32-33L.
In the invention, the corn and soybean herbicide is preferably 75% thifensulfuron methyl suspending agent, and is diluted by water and sprayed when in use.
In the invention, the usage amount of the 75% thifensulfuron methyl suspending agent is preferably 1.4-2.0 g/mu, more preferably 1.6-1.8 g/mu, and even more preferably 1.7 g/mu.
In the invention, the water consumption per mu when the 75% thifensulfuron methyl suspending agent is diluted is preferably 25-35L, more preferably 28-32L, and still more preferably 30L.
In the invention, insecticide is sprayed when insect pests appear in the planting process.
In the present invention, the insecticide is preferably a 20% dicofol emulsifiable concentrate, a 30% acaricide emulsifiable concentrate or a 73% propargite emulsifiable concentrate.
In the invention, when the 20% dicofol missible oil and the 30% mite-killing missible oil are used, the missible oil is preferably diluted by 900-1100 times, and more preferably diluted by 1000 times.
In the invention, the using amount of the diluted 20% dicofol missible oil and 30% mite-killing missible oil is preferably 25-30L/mu.
In the invention, when the 73% propargite emulsifiable concentrate is used, the spray is diluted by 1400-1600 times preferably, and the spray is diluted by 1500 times more preferably.
In the invention, the using amount of the 73% propargite emulsifiable concentrate after dilution is preferably 25-30L/mu.
In the invention, diammonium phosphate and urea are preferably applied in the additional fertilization.
In the invention, diammonium phosphate is preferably applied during the additional fertilization of the corn seedling stage.
In the invention, the corn seedling stage topdressing amount is preferably 13-17 kg/mu, more preferably 14-16 kg/mu, and still more preferably 15 kg/mu.
In the invention, urea is preferably applied during the corn jointing and booting stage topdressing.
In the invention, the corn topping period topdressing amount is preferably 18-22 kg/mu, more preferably 19-21 kg/mu, and even more preferably 20 kg/mu.
In the invention, diammonium phosphate is preferably applied during the top dressing in the emasculation and flowering period.
In the invention, the topdressing amount in the emasculation and flowering period is preferably 13-17 kg/mu, more preferably 14-16 kg/mu, and still more preferably 15 kg/mu.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Applying urea, diammonium phosphate and compound fertilizer as base fertilizer in a field according to 13 kg/mu of urea, 17 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 8 kg/mu of compound fertilizer; coating corn seeds, namely coating the corn seeds with soybean seeds and rhizobium inoculant in a ratio of 1 kg: 2mL, and sowing after drying in the shade;
when the soil surface layer temperature of 5-10 cm is stabilized to be more than 10 ℃ in 4 months and 18 days, sowing soybeans and corns on the same day, arranging planting belts according to the width of 180cm, wherein the distance between every two adjacent planting belts is 35cm, planting a row of corns on each side of each planting belt, planting 3 rows of soybeans in each planting belt, the distance between the soybeans and the corns is 62cm, the plant spacing of the soybeans is 9cm, the row spacing of the corns is 28cm, the plant spacing of the corns is 12cm, and the sowing depth of the soybeans and the corns is 4 cm;
after soybean and corn are sowed for 2 days, 50% acetochlor is sprayed on a planting belt according to the using amount of 150 mL/mu, and 30L of water is used for diluting each mu when the acetochlor is sprayed;
in the 2-3 leaf-compound period of the soybeans, 15% quizalofop-p-ethyl is sprayed to the soybeans according to the using amount of 25 mL/mu, 40% bentazone is sprayed to the soybeans according to the using amount of 180 mL/mu, and 30L of water is used for diluting each mu when the bentazone is sprayed;
in the 3-5 leaf stage of the corn, 75% thifensulfuron methyl suspending agent is sprayed to the planting zone according to the usage amount of 1.4 g/mu, and 28L of water is used for diluting each mu when the thifensulfuron methyl suspending agent is sprayed;
dressing diammonium phosphate according to the use amount of 17 kg/mu in the seedling stage of the corn, dressing urea according to the use amount of 18 kg/mu in the jointing-elongation and booting stage of the corn, and dressing diammonium phosphate according to the use amount of 17 kg/mu in the emasculation and flowering stage;
and harvesting the whole corn and soybean plants from the late stage of the milk ripening of corn grains to the early stage of the wax ripening and the late stage of the soybean swelling, and ensiling.
Example 2
Applying urea, diammonium phosphate and compound fertilizer as base fertilizer according to the proportion of 15 kg/mu of urea, 15 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 10 kg/mu of compound fertilizer in a field; coating corn seeds, namely coating the corn seeds with soybean seeds and rhizobium inoculant in a ratio of 1 kg: 3mL, and sowing after drying in the shade;
when the soil surface layer temperature is 5-10 cm and stable above 10 ℃ in 20 days after 4 months, sowing soybeans and corns on the same day, arranging planting belts according to the width of 160cm, wherein the distance between every two adjacent planting belts is 30cm, planting a row of corns on each side of each planting belt, planting 3 rows of soybeans in each planting belt, the distance between the soybeans and the corns is 50cm, the plant spacing of the soybeans is 10cm, the row spacing of the corns is 30cm, the plant spacing of the corns is 13cm, and the sowing depth of the soybeans and the corns is 5 cm;
after 3 days of soybean and corn sowing, 90% acetochlor is sprayed to the planting belt according to the using amount of 110 mL/mu, and 33L of water is used for diluting each mu when the acetochlor is sprayed;
in the 2-3 leaf-compound period of the soybeans, 15% quizalofop-p-ethyl is sprayed to the soybeans according to the using amount of 30 mL/mu, 40% bentazone is sprayed to the soybeans according to the using amount of 200 mL/mu, and 33L of water is used for diluting each mu when the bentazone is sprayed;
in the 3-5 leaf stage of the corn, 75% thifensulfuron methyl suspending agent is sprayed to the planting zone according to the using amount of 1.7 g/mu, and 30L of water is used for diluting each mu when the suspending agent is sprayed;
dressing diammonium phosphate according to the use amount of 15 kg/mu in the seedling stage of the corn, dressing urea according to the use amount of 20 kg/mu in the jointing-elongation and booting stage of the corn, and dressing diammonium phosphate according to the use amount of 15 kg/mu in the emasculation and flowering stage;
and harvesting the whole corn and soybean plants from the late stage of the milk ripening of corn grains to the early stage of the wax ripening and the late stage of the soybean swelling, and ensiling.
Example 3
Applying urea, diammonium phosphate and compound fertilizer as base fertilizer in a field according to the ratio of 17 kg/mu of urea to 13 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 12 kg/mu of compound fertilizer; coating corn seeds, namely coating the corn seeds with soybean seeds and rhizobium inoculant in a ratio of 1 kg: 4mL, and sowing after drying in the shade;
when the soil surface layer temperature of 5-10 cm is stabilized to be more than 10 ℃ in 23 days in 4 months, sowing soybeans and corns on the same day, arranging planting belts according to the width of 160cm, wherein the distance between every two adjacent planting belts is 25cm, planting a row of corns on each side of each planting belt, planting 3 rows of soybeans in each planting belt, the distance between the soybeans and the corns is 48cm, the plant spacing of the soybeans is 9cm, the row spacing of the corns is 32cm, the plant spacing of the corns is 12cm, and the sowing depth of the soybeans and the corns is 6 cm;
after soybean and corn are sown for 2-3 days, 50% acetochlor is sprayed on a planting belt according to the using amount of 200 mL/mu, and 35L of water is used for diluting each mu when the acetochlor is sprayed;
in the 2-3 leaf-compound period of the soybeans, 15% quizalofop-p-ethyl is sprayed to the soybeans according to the using amount of 35 mL/mu, 40% bentazone is sprayed to the soybeans according to the using amount of 220 mL/mu, and 35L of water is used for diluting each mu when the bentazone is sprayed;
in the 3-5 leaf stage of the corn, spraying 75% thifensulfuron methyl suspending agent to the planting zone according to the using amount of 2.0 g/mu, and diluting with 32L of water per mu when spraying;
dressing diammonium phosphate according to the use amount of 13 kg/mu in the seedling stage of the corn, dressing urea according to the use amount of 22 kg/mu in the jointing-elongation and booting stage of the corn, and dressing diammonium phosphate according to the use amount of 13 kg/mu in the emasculation and flowering stage;
and harvesting the whole corn and soybean plants from the late stage of the milk ripening of corn grains to the early stage of the wax ripening and the late stage of the soybean swelling, and ensiling.
Test example 1
The demonstration of producing silage by corn and soybean strip compound planting is carried out in the standing hills and the semi-luck village of Helan county, Heilan, Yichuan, Ningxia in 2019, the test is carried out in three lands with the area of 1 mu, the technical schemes of the embodiments 1 to 3 are respectively adopted to produce corn silage, and the result shows that the average yield of fresh weight per mu is 4.2 tons, the protein content of the mixed silage of the cajan beans is improved by 6.2 percent, the starch content is improved by 4.0 percent, and the selling price of dry substances per ton is improved by 120 yuan.
Test example 2
In 2020, carrying out a test demonstration of corn and soybean belt composite planting production silage in a crop research institute test base of Yongning county, Hongxu, agriculture and forestry academy of sciences of Ningxia Yinchuan city, 14 high-protein soybean varieties are selected, wherein the protein content of grains is about 40%, and bean pods are in the late stage of grain swelling in a corn silage harvest period (9 months 1-10 days) of a Ningxia yellow-inducing irrigation area: qin bean 2016, Ningdou No. 6, Ningdou No. 7, Ninghei No. 1, Jindou 39, Qin bean 2014, Ji bean 23, Zhonghuang 13, Su bean 18, Jinke No. 2, Su bean 13, Wan bean 28, Wan bean 38 and Wan bean 21638, wherein the corn and the soybean are synchronously sown in a precise amount in 4 months and 17 days, and the mixture is harvested and stored in green bean in 9 months and 4 days. Screening 11 high-protein fresh-eating soybean varieties matched with the silage harvest period: the green soybean silage comprises 2016, 6, 7, 1, 39, 2014, 13, 2, 18, 13 and 21638 parts of Jinke beans, 861.4-1701.8 kg of soybeans per mu, 3589.4kg of silage corns per mu, and 4450.8-5291.2 kg of mixed silage of the corns and the soybeans per mu. Compared with single corn, the soybean varieties for increasing the (dry) protein content of the mixed feed of the cajan beans comprise 6 varieties: the protein content of Qin bean 2016, Ningdou No. 6, Ningdou No. 7, Qin bean 2014, Su bean 13 and Jinke No. 2 is respectively increased by 7.55%, 7.46%, 12.32%, 2.34%, 12.74% and 3.83%, and the average protein content is increased by 7.71%.
From the above examples, the present invention provides a method for increasing the protein content of silage corn feed, comprising the steps of: planting silage corns on two sides of the planting belt, and planting soybeans on the inner part of the planting belt; after the soybeans and the corns are sown for 2-3 days, respectively spraying herbicides in the 2-3 leaf-compound period of the soybeans and the 3-5 leaf period of the corns; topdressing is respectively carried out at the corn seedling stage, the corn jointing-removing and booting stage and the emasculation and flowering stage; harvesting and ensiling from the late stage of the milk ripening of the corn grains to the early stage of the wax ripening and from the late stage of the soybean swelling. The method has the advantages that the silage corns and the soybeans are planted in a combined mode, the edge row advantages of the high-stalk crop corns are played, the utilization rate of land, water, nutrients, space and photo-thermal resources is improved, the nitrogen fixation of the soybean root nodules is increased, the diversity of soil bacterial communities is enriched, the soil quality is improved, the effect of crop self-rotation stubble reversing is achieved, the circular agriculture mode combining planting and breeding is realized, and the ecological benefit is obvious.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for increasing the protein content of silage corn feed, comprising the steps of:
(1) arranging planting belts according to the width of 160-180 cm, planting silage corns on two sides of the planting belts, and planting soybeans on the inner parts of the planting belts;
(2) after the soybeans and the corns are sown for 2-3 days, spraying a herbicide on the planting zone;
(3) spraying a herbicide on the soybeans in the 2-3 leaf-compound period of the soybeans;
(4) spraying a herbicide for both corns and soybeans on a planting belt in a 3-5 leaf stage of the corns;
(5) topdressing is respectively carried out at the corn seedling stage, the corn jointing-removing and booting stage and the emasculation and flowering stage;
(6) and harvesting the whole corn and soybean plants from the late stage of the milk ripening of corn grains to the early stage of the wax ripening and the late stage of the soybean swelling, and ensiling.
2. The method for increasing the protein content of the silage corn feed according to claim 1, wherein urea, diammonium phosphate and a compound fertilizer are applied as base fertilizers before planting; the amount of the base fertilizer is 13-17 kg/mu of urea, 13-17 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 8-12 kg/mu of compound fertilizer.
3. The method for increasing the protein content of silage corn feed according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the soybean and corn are sown on the same day, the corn seed is coated before sowing, the soybean seed and the rhizobia agent are mixed, and the ratio of the soybean seed to the rhizobia agent is 1 kg: 2-4 mL.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the soybean varieties are bean No. 6, Ningdou No. 7, Qin bean 2014, Su bean 13 and Jinkeke No. 2, and the corn varieties are Zhengda 12 and Tungyu 168.
5. The method for increasing the protein content of the silage corn feed according to claim 4, wherein the planting belts are spaced 25-35 cm apart.
6. The method for improving the protein content of the silage corn feed according to claim 5, wherein the number of the rows of the soybeans in each planting zone is 3, the distance between the soybeans and the corns is 48-62 cm, the plant spacing of the soybeans is 9-10 cm, the row spacing is 28-32 cm, the sowing depth is 4-6 cm, the plant spacing of the corns is 12-13 cm, and the sowing depth is 4-6 cm.
7. The method for increasing the protein content of silage corn feed according to claim 6, wherein the herbicide used in step (2) is acetochlor, which is diluted with water and sprayed when in use; the using amount of the acetochlor is 150-200 mL/mu of 50% acetochlor or 100-120 mL/mu of 90% acetochlor, and the water consumption per mu is 30-35L during dilution.
8. The method for increasing the protein content of the silage corn feed according to claim 7, wherein the herbicide used in the step (3) is 15% quizalofop-p-ethyl and 40% bentazone, and is used by spraying after being diluted by water; the usage amount of the 15% quizalofop-p-ethyl is 25-35 mL/mu, the usage amount of the 40% bentazone is 180-220 mL/mu, and the water consumption per mu in dilution is 30-35L.
9. The method for increasing the protein content of silage corn feed according to claim 8, wherein the corn and soybean herbicide is 75% thifensulfuron methyl suspension and is used by spraying after being diluted with water; the usage amount of the 75% thifensulfuron methyl suspending agent is 1.4-2.0 g/mu, and the water consumption per mu in dilution is 25-35L.
10. The method for increasing the protein content of silage corn feed according to claim 9, wherein the diammonium phosphate is applied at the seedling stage of the corn in an amount of 13-17 kg/mu, the urea is applied at the ear stage of the corn in an amount of 18-22 kg/mu, and the diammonium phosphate is applied at the emasculation and flowering stage in an amount of 13-17 kg/mu.
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| CN104170628A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-12-03 | 凉山彝族自治州畜牧兽医科学研究所 | Method for producing silage materials by mix sowing of corn and calabar beans |
| CN105359804A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-03-02 | 肃州区农业技术推广中心 | Close-planting and high-yield cultivation method for maize |
| CN107223435A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-10-03 | 江西省红壤研究所 | A kind of Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods |
| CN111387357A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-07-10 | 四川农业大学 | Preparation method of corn and soybean mixed silage, prepared feed and application |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104170628A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-12-03 | 凉山彝族自治州畜牧兽医科学研究所 | Method for producing silage materials by mix sowing of corn and calabar beans |
| CN105359804A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-03-02 | 肃州区农业技术推广中心 | Close-planting and high-yield cultivation method for maize |
| CN107223435A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-10-03 | 江西省红壤研究所 | A kind of Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods |
| CN111387357A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-07-10 | 四川农业大学 | Preparation method of corn and soybean mixed silage, prepared feed and application |
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