CN113176342A - Interpolation type electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided wave transducer and working method thereof - Google Patents
Interpolation type electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided wave transducer and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113176342A CN113176342A CN202110396972.7A CN202110396972A CN113176342A CN 113176342 A CN113176342 A CN 113176342A CN 202110396972 A CN202110396972 A CN 202110396972A CN 113176342 A CN113176342 A CN 113176342A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005288 electromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001028 reflection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
- G01N29/2412—Probes using the magnetostrictive properties of the material to be examined, e.g. electromagnetic acoustic transducers [EMAT]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/041—Analysing solids on the surface of the material, e.g. using Lamb, Rayleigh or shear waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses an interpolation type electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided wave transducer and a working method thereof. The eddy current coil is a flexible folding coil, the long side of the eddy current coil is parallel to the axis of the permanent magnet pair, and the short side of the eddy current coil is perpendicular to the long side. The protective sheath appearance is the cylinder, and inside cavity, both ends opening and processing have the screw thread. During the assembly, the N utmost point of each permanent magnet of permanent magnet centering is relative coaxial insert the protective sheath in, and leaves the air gap between the N interelectrode, and vortex coil circumference installs additional on the inner wall of protective sheath mid portion, and the protective sheath both ends adopt the spiral cover to screw up to seal. During detection, the transducers need to be used in pairs and are placed in a pipeline to be detected at intervals. The invention can realize the generation of spiral guided waves with any lift angle and the receiving and detection of the defect echo of the pipeline in any direction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic detection in nondestructive detection, relates to an interpolation type electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided wave transducer, and particularly relates to an electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided wave transducer applied to detection of a multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipe connection interface of a fusion reactor water-cooling solid cladding module and a working method thereof.
Background
The fusion reactor water-cooling solid cladding module is one of important parts in the fusion reactor, and a multi-bending double-wall cooling pipe in the structure has the functions of cooling the cladding module and ensuring the operation of the cladding module at a safe temperature. During the preparation process, the defects of debonding and the like can occur at the connecting interface in the multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipe, and the defects can seriously reduce the heat transfer and cooling efficiency of the multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipe and influence the safe operation of the whole fusion reactor water-cooling solid cladding module. Therefore, it is very important to perform nondestructive testing on the multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipe connection interface. The electromagnetic ultrasonic detection is one of novel and effective nondestructive detection technologies for metal components, and can be used for detecting the defects of the connecting interface of the multi-bending double-wall cooling pipe.
The electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer is the key of electromagnetic ultrasonic detection, namely the probe part of ultrasonic detection, and is a core component for generating and receiving ultrasonic waves. The electromagnetic ultrasonic detection technology utilizes an electromagnetic combination structure to excite and receive ultrasonic waves, an electrified lead of the electromagnetic combination structure generates an eddy current effect on the surface of a workpiece to be detected, eddy current particles of the electromagnetic combination structure are subjected to mechanical force, and the eddy current particles vibrate to generate the ultrasonic waves; the coil can receive ultrasonic echo signals. In the process of electromagnetic ultrasonic detection application, different types of ultrasonic waves can be generated due to different coil shapes and different bias magnetic fields. And carrying out nondestructive testing on the double-wall pipe according to the propagation principle of the ultrasonic wave.
When the traditional research adopts an ultrasonic guided wave technology pulse reflection method to detect the pipeline, the defect that the propagation direction of the guided wave is vertical to each other can be detected. If the ultrasonic guided wave propagating along the axial direction of the pipeline is adopted, the circumferential defects can be detected; the ultrasonic guided waves propagating along the circumferential direction of the pipeline can detect axial defects. The crack defect trend of the multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipe connection interface in the real situation is not limited to the circumferential cracks and the axial cracks, and meanwhile, the crack defects comprise the inclined cracks. The circumferential and axial guided waves are restricted by the directivity of the sound field, so that the oblique crack full detection cannot be completed, and the actual requirements of the electromagnetic ultrasonic pipeline detection cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an interpolation type electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided wave transducer and a working method thereof, which can generate electromagnetic ultrasonic guided waves which are transmitted along the oblique direction of a multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipeline, thereby realizing the generation of the spiral guided waves with any lead angle of the multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipeline and the detection of the defects of the pipeline connection interface in any direction.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an interpolation type electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided wave transducer can detect a connection interface of a multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipe in a fusion reactor water-cooling solid cladding module, and comprises a protective sleeve 1 with openings at two ends and threads, a permanent magnet pair 2 with N poles oppositely inserted into the protective sleeve 1, a vortex coil 3 circumferentially and additionally arranged on the inner wall of the protective sleeve 1, and spiral covers 4 used for packaging two ends of the protective sleeve 1; the N extreme faces of the permanent magnet pair 2 are arranged in parallel and separated by an air gap, and the N extreme faces of the permanent magnet pair 2 are inclined planes forming a preset angle with the axis.
The permanent magnet pair 2 is composed of two cylindrical permanent magnets which are coaxially arranged, and the two cylindrical permanent magnets are identical in size, shape and material.
The eddy current coil 3 is a flexible folding coil and is additionally arranged on the inner wall of the middle part of the protective sleeve, the eddy current coil viewed on the plane is in a folding shape, a long edge along the axial direction of the sleeve is a working wire, a short edge parallel to the end surface of the protective sleeve is an end line, the working wire is perpendicular to the end line, the axial length of the working wire is greater than the air gap between the permanent magnets, and the direction of a superposed magnetic field on the vertical surface in the connecting line of the N extreme surfaces is obliquely incident on the eddy current coil and the inner wall of the pipe fitting to be measured.
The material of the protective sleeve 1 is nonmetal with high wear resistance and good mechanical property.
The transducer adopts the spiral cover to screw up at assembly completion back protective sheath both ends and seals, and the permanent magnet realizes axial position fixed to pushing up on the spiral cover under the effect of repulsion at the same level, and adjusts the rotation angle of spiral cover and protective sheath cooperation part just can change the air gap size between two permanent magnets of permanent magnet centering, and then adjusts the incident angle in biasing magnetic field.
The working method of the interpolation type electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided wave transducer comprises the following steps of firstly, building an experiment system, wherein the experiment system comprises a signal generator, a power amplifier, an impedance matching circuit, a first transducer, a second transducer, a filter, an amplifier and a multi-channel oscilloscope which are sequentially connected; the signal generator generates a high-frequency pulse signal, the signal is firstly subjected to amplitude amplification through the power amplifier, and then is subjected to treatment of improving the energy transfer efficiency of the signal through the impedance matching circuit so as to drive the eddy current coil in the first energy converter, so that the eddy current coil excites eddy current in the multi-bending double-wall cooling pipe; the oblique magnetic field generated by the first transducer acts on the excited eddy current to generate Lorentz force, and then spiral guided waves are generated in the multi-bending double-wall cooling pipe; meanwhile, based on the reversibility of the effect, after the spiral guided wave is reflected when encountering a defect of a connection interface, particle vibration caused by reflected sound pressure enables the output electromotive force of a vortex coil in the second transducer to change under the action of a magnetic field of the second transducer, and a generated voltage signal is amplified, filtered and input into a multi-channel oscilloscope for signal display, data recording and analysis, so that an obvious wave packet, namely a defect wave packet, appears between an initial wave packet and a wave packet on the outer wall of the tube, and the defect exists in the detected multi-bending type double-wall cooling tube at the connection interface; and pulling the transducer, and repeating the steps to realize the full-circle electromagnetic ultrasonic detection of each axial position of the multi-bending double-wall cooling pipe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. compared with the traditional piezoelectric ultrasonic detection, the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection has the following advantages in practical application: the requirement on the workpiece to be detected is low, and the returned ultrasonic waves can be transmitted and received to the workpiece to be detected without contacting with the workpiece to be detected, so that the surface of the workpiece to be detected does not need to be specially cleaned, and the rough surface can be directly subjected to flaw detection; the electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer does not need any coupling medium, because the electromagnetic transducer transmits and receives ultrasonic waves by virtue of an electromagnetic effect, the energy conversion is carried out in a skin layer on the surface of a workpiece to be detected; the application range is wide, and the electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer can generate ultrasonic spiral guided waves with different lift angles by replacing the permanent magnet pair.
2. The eddy current coil adopts a zigzag structure, when high-frequency high-voltage alternating current is conducted to two ends of the eddy current coil, eddy current is generated on the near surface of the pipe fitting to be tested, eddy current particles are subjected to Lorentz force under the action of a bias magnetic field, and electromagnetic ultrasonic guided waves are generated in the pipe fitting to be tested through vibration. The angle of oblique incidence of the bias magnetic field can be changed by adjusting the air gap of the permanent magnet to the N pole, and the spiral guided wave with any lift angle can be emitted.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the transducer.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the transducer permanent magnet pair.
Figure 3 is a physical schematic diagram of the eddy current coil of the present transducer.
Fig. 4 shows the placement of the transducer during detection.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the experimental system
The labels are: 1. the magnetic energy converter comprises a protective sleeve, 2 permanent magnet pairs, 3 eddy current coils, 4 spiral covers, 5 first energy converters, 6 second energy converters and 7 multi-bending double-wall cooling pipes.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the internal insertion type electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided-wave transducer for detecting the connection interface of the multi-bending double-wall cooling pipe mainly comprises a permanent magnet pair 2, an eddy current coil 3, a protective sleeve 1 and a spiral cover 4, wherein the permanent magnet pair 2 consists of two cylindrical permanent magnets with the same size, shape and material, the end face of an N pole of the permanent magnet pair is an inclined plane which forms a certain angle with an axis, and the angle is between 30 degrees and 60 degrees. The eddy current coil 3 is a flexible folded coil, the long side of which is parallel to the axis of the permanent magnet pair, and the short side of which is perpendicular to the long side. The protective sleeve 1 is cylindrical in shape, hollow inside, and threaded at two ends. During the assembly, the permanent magnet is extremely in relative coaxial inserting protective sheath 1 to N, and leaves the air gap between N interelectrode, and 3 circumference of eddy current coil install additional on protective sheath 1 inner wall, and protective sheath 1 both ends adopt spiral cover 4 to screw up and seal.
As shown in fig. 2, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the permanent magnet pair 2 is a cylindrical magnet, the end face of the N pole is an inclined plane which forms a certain angle with the axis of the permanent magnet, during assembly, the N pole of the permanent magnet pair 2 is relatively coaxially placed in the protective sleeve 1, and the end faces of the N pole of the permanent magnet pair 2 are parallel and leave a certain air gap. Therefore, the direction of the superimposed magnetic field on the vertical plane in the connecting line of the N pole end surfaces of the permanent magnet pair 2 can be obliquely incident on the inner wall of the eddy current coil and the multi-bending double-wall cooling pipe.
As shown in fig. 3, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the eddy current coil 3 is additionally arranged on the inner wall of the middle part of the protective sleeve 1, the coil is in a folded shape viewed from the plane, the long edge along the axial direction of the sleeve is a working lead, the short edge parallel to the end surface of the protective sleeve is an end line, the working lead is vertical to the end line, and the length of the working lead is greater than the air gap between the permanent magnet pairs; after the power is switched on, the current in the working wire is obliquely crossed with the bias magnetic field, oblique ultrasonic guided waves are generated in the multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipe wall due to mechanical vibration, and electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided waves are formed in the multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipe wall due to the fact that ultrasonic waves are transmitted along the pipe wall.
As shown in fig. 4, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention: after the assembly of the transducer is finished, the transducer is screwed and sealed by adopting a screw cap, and the permanent magnet is screwed to the screw caps against two ends under the repulsion force of the same level so as to fix the axial position of the magnet; the size of the air gap between the permanent magnet pairs can be changed by adjusting the rotating angle of the matching part of the spiral cover and the protective sleeve, so that the incident angle of the bias magnetic field is adjusted; when detection is carried out, the transducers need to be used in pairs, the first transducer 5 serves as a transducer for transmitting spiral guided waves, the second transducer 6 serves as a transducer for receiving echo signals of the spiral guided waves, the two transducers are arranged in the multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipe 7 at intervals, and the defect detection of the multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipe 7 can be realized by introducing excitation signals; and the transducer is pulled to adjust the position, so that the defect detection of different axial positions can be completed.
As shown in fig. 5, the experimental system for the multi-bending double-wall cooling tube internal-insertion electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided-wave transducer of the present invention comprises a signal generator, a power amplifier, an impedance matching circuit, a first transducer, a second transducer, a filter, an amplifier, and a multi-channel oscilloscope, which are connected in sequence. The signal generator generates a high-frequency pulse signal, the signal is firstly subjected to amplitude amplification through the power amplifier, and then is subjected to treatment for improving the energy transfer efficiency of the signal through the impedance matching circuit so as to drive the eddy current coil in the first energy converter to excite eddy current in the multi-bending double-wall cooling pipe. The oblique magnetic field generated by the first transducer acts on the excited eddy current to generate Lorentz force, and then spiral guided waves are generated in the multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipe. Meanwhile, based on the reversibility of the effects, after the spiral guided waves are reflected when meeting the defects of the connection interface, mass point vibration caused by reflected sound pressure enables the output electromotive force of the eddy current coil in the second transducer to change under the action of the magnetic field of the second transducer, and a generated voltage signal is amplified, filtered and input into the multi-channel oscilloscope for signal display, data recording and analysis, so that an obvious wave packet, namely a defect wave packet, appears between the initial wave packet and the wave packet on the outer wall of the tube, and the defect exists in the connection interface of the detected multi-bending type double-wall cooling tube. And pulling the transducer, and repeating the steps to realize the full-circle electromagnetic ultrasonic detection of each axial position of the multi-bending double-wall cooling pipe.
Claims (6)
1. An interpolated electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided wave transducer, comprising: the multi-bending double-wall cooling pipe connection interface in the fusion reactor water-cooling solid cladding module can be detected, the energy converter comprises a protective sleeve (1) with openings at two ends and threads processed, a permanent magnet pair (2) with N poles oppositely inserted into the protective sleeve (1), a vortex coil (3) which is circumferentially and additionally arranged on the inner wall of the protective sleeve (1), and screw caps (4) for encapsulating two ends of the protective sleeve (1); the N pole end faces of the permanent magnet pairs (2) are arranged in parallel and separated by an air gap, and the N pole end faces of the permanent magnet pairs (2) are inclined planes forming a preset angle with the axis.
2. The interpolated electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided wave transducer of claim 1, wherein: the permanent magnet pair (2) is composed of two cylindrical permanent magnets which are coaxially arranged, and the two cylindrical permanent magnets are identical in size, shape and material.
3. The interpolated electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided wave transducer of claim 1, wherein: the eddy current coil (3) is a flexible folding coil and is additionally arranged on the inner wall of the middle part of the protective sleeve, the eddy current coil viewed on the plane is in a folding shape, a long edge along the axial direction of the sleeve is a working wire, a short edge parallel to the end surface of the protective sleeve is an end line, the working wire is perpendicular to the end line, the axial length of the working wire is greater than the air gap between permanent magnets, and the direction of a superposed magnetic field on a vertical surface in a connecting line of N extreme surfaces is ensured to be obliquely incident on the eddy current coil and the inner wall of a pipe fitting to be measured.
4. The interpolated electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided wave transducer of claim 1, wherein: the protective sleeve (1) is made of nonmetal with high wear resistance and good mechanical property.
5. The interpolated electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided wave transducer of claim 1, wherein: the transducer adopts the spiral cover to screw up at assembly completion back protective sheath both ends and seals, and the permanent magnet realizes axial position fixed to pushing up on the spiral cover under the effect of repulsion at the same level, and adjusts the rotation angle of spiral cover and protective sheath cooperation part just can change the air gap size between two permanent magnets of permanent magnet centering, and then adjusts the incident angle in biasing magnetic field.
6. The method of operating an interpolated electromagnetic ultrasonic helical guided wave transducer according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein: firstly, an experimental system is set up, and the experimental system comprises a signal generator, a power amplifier, an impedance matching circuit, a first energy converter, a second energy converter, a filter, an amplifier and a multi-channel oscilloscope which are connected in sequence; the signal generator generates a high-frequency pulse signal, the signal is firstly subjected to amplitude amplification through the power amplifier, and then is subjected to treatment of improving the energy transfer efficiency of the signal through the impedance matching circuit so as to drive the eddy current coil in the first energy converter, so that the eddy current coil excites eddy current in the multi-bending double-wall cooling pipe; the oblique magnetic field generated by the first transducer acts on the excited eddy current to generate Lorentz force, and then spiral guided waves are generated in the multi-bending double-wall cooling pipe; meanwhile, based on the reversibility of the effect, after the spiral guided wave is reflected when encountering a defect of a connection interface, particle vibration caused by reflected sound pressure enables the output electromotive force of a vortex coil in the second transducer to change under the action of a magnetic field of the second transducer, and a generated voltage signal is amplified, filtered and input into a multi-channel oscilloscope for signal display, data recording and analysis, so that an obvious wave packet, namely a defect wave packet, appears between an initial wave packet and a wave packet on the outer wall of the tube, and the defect exists in the detected multi-bending type double-wall cooling tube at the connection interface; and pulling the transducer, and repeating the steps to realize the full-circle electromagnetic ultrasonic detection of each axial position of the multi-bending double-wall cooling pipe.
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| CN202110396972.7A CN113176342B (en) | 2021-04-13 | 2021-04-13 | Internally-inserted electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided wave transducer and working method thereof |
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| CN114841221A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-08-02 | 南京航空航天大学 | Method for extracting pipeline ultrasonic spiral guided wave characteristic path signal |
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| CN114841221A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-08-02 | 南京航空航天大学 | Method for extracting pipeline ultrasonic spiral guided wave characteristic path signal |
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| CN113176342B (en) | 2024-01-12 |
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