CN109507282A - A kind of pipe surface defect inspection method of electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor installation point - Google Patents
A kind of pipe surface defect inspection method of electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor installation point Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of pipe surface defect inspection method of electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor installation point, firstly, placing permanent magnet production electromagnetic acoustic right above spiral coil monitors sensor；Sensor is installed at this after the polishing of surface of test piece somewhere is clean；Secondly, pumping signal is passed through by coil of the signal generator to sensor, due to electromagnetic induction, impulse eddy current can be generated in conductive surface of test piece, impulse eddy current generates Lorentz force in the case where stationary magnetic field acts on, cause test specimen particle vibration, particle vibration cutting magnetic field line, and electromagnetic acoustic vortex can be generated；Sensor can detect the composite signal being made of impulse eddy current and electromagnetic acoustic simultaneously；Finally, isolating impulse eddy current signal and electromagnetic ultrasonic signal to composite signal using filter；Wherein electromagnetic ultrasonic signal can be thinned defect state to the pipeline of test specimen and carry out real-time monitoring, impulse eddy current signal can detect face crack/corrosion default of test specimen, realize the detection function that the surface defect situation of sensor online function and installation position is monitored to electromagnetic acoustic.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to based on electromagnetic acoustic/impulse eddy current composite detection method material damage state on_line monitoring technology
A kind of field, and in particular to pipe surface defect inspection method of electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor installation point.
Background technique
As to the investment energetically of Nuclear Electricity, nuclear power station quantity and installed capacity continue to increase in China in recent years.However,
The Fukushima nuclear power plant accident occurred demonstrates again that Nuclear Safety problem need to obtain the highest attention of personages of various circles of society within 2011.
In nuclear power structure safety management, the important hand that on-line monitoring is to ensure that system safety operation is carried out to the pipe-line equipment in using
Section.Some critical components of nuclear power structure are due to the tensile stress state and light water reactor water environment that generate when producing, using
It influences, Yi Mengsheng stress corrosion cracking (SCC), while local thinning areas may also occur through long-term erosion at bend pipe and throttle orifice.
These defects securely and reliably constitute practical threat to nuclear power structure.
Electromagnetic acoustic monitoring method is to be carried out based on electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor to the industrial tubes structure such as nuclear power
Monitor a kind of lossless monitoring detection method being commonly used on-line, basic principle is that inner wall of the pipe is thinned based on electromagnetic acoustic to lack
It is trapped into row real-time state monitoring.Although electromagnetic acoustic detection method can detect the thinned defect of inner wall of the pipe well,
But have a near surface blind region, when defect is located near surface (1mm-2mm), echo-signal can with pumping signal almost it is be overlapped very
Hardly possible is distinguished, i.e., can not be effectively detected out whether sensor mount position material surface cracked or corrosion default so as to cause
Missing inspection.Simultaneously because electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor is fixedly installed in pipeline configuration surface and cannot move at any time, thus can not
Using other traditional surface lossless detection methods (such as penetrant detecting method, magnetic powder detection method, eddy current method etc.) to peace
The face crack or corrosion default for filling position are detected.Therefore, it is necessary to be detected from electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor itself
Signal set about.
Research has shown that the detecting signal of electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor itself includes impulse eddy current part, and pulse whirlpool
Stream detection method has higher precision for surface defect.So if the impulse eddy current in electromagnetic acoustic can be effectively utilized
Signal realizes the compound detection of electromagnetic acoustic and impulse eddy current, not only defect can be thinned to inner wall of the pipe well and carry out in fact
When monitor, moreover it is possible to be effectively detected out whether sensor mount position material surface cracked or corrosion default.In consideration of it, this
Invention proposes a kind of pipe surface defect inspection method of electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor installation point, compensates for electromagnetic acoustic prison
Surveying sensor has missing inspection for sensor mount position pipe surface defect.Relative to conventional lossless detection method
(conventional lossless detection method can not solve the above problems), the method for the present invention can be good at detecting electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensing
Pipe surface crackle/corrosion default of device installation position.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of monitorings of electromagnetic acoustic to pass
The pipe surface defect inspection method of sensor installation point, the invention compensate for electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor and sensor are installed
There is missing inspection in position pipe surface defect, there is big detection efficiency height, detection range, compatibility surface defect and depth to lack
The advantages that falling into detection.
To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of pipe surface defect inspection method of electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor installation point, firstly, in spiral coil 6
It places the production of permanent magnet 5 and sensor 4, crepe cord is monitored by the electromagnetic acoustic that permanent magnet 5 and spiral coil 6 form in surface
Circle 6 is self-excitation self-test coil, and permanent magnet 5 generates stationary magnetic field；Surface is formed after the polishing of 1 surface somewhere of pipeline test specimen is clean to beat
7 at mill, electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor 4 is mounted on surface burnishing part 7；The pipeline test specimen 1 subtracts containing inner wall of the pipe
Thin defect 2 and pipe surface crackle/corrosion default 3, pipe surface crackle/corrosion default 3 are located at electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor 4
1 surface of pipeline test specimen immediately below installation position；Secondly, monitoring sensor to electromagnetic acoustic by impulse eddy current signal generator
4 spiral coil 6 is passed through pulse excitation electric current, due to electromagnetic induction, can generate vortex on 1 surface of pipeline test specimen, be defined as
Impulse eddy current；Meanwhile impulse eddy current can generate Lorentz force under the effect of the stationary magnetic field of permanent magnet 5, to cause test specimen matter
Vibration is put, particle vibration can be propagated downwards, and echo can be generated by encountering interface, and particle vibration understands cutting magnetic field line and generates new whirlpool
Stream, is defined as electromagnetic acoustic vortex, and 6 both end voltage of spiral coil can occur to change accordingly；In this way, 6 meeting of spiral coil
Impulse eddy current signal and electromagnetic ultrasonic signal are detected simultaneously, i.e., compound detecting signal；Finally, using filter to composite signal into
Row separation, to isolate impulse eddy current signal and electromagnetic ultrasonic signal from composite signal；Wherein electromagnetic ultrasonic signal is to pipe
The inner wall of the pipe of road test specimen 1 is thinned 2 state of defect and carries out real-time monitoring, realizes the on-line monitoring of electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor 4
Function；Impulse eddy current signal detects pipe surface crackle/corrosion default 3 of pipeline test specimen 1, realizes and supervises to electromagnetic acoustic
Survey the detection function of the surface defect situation of 4 installation position of sensor；Therefore, as long as can be believed using the vortex in electromagnetic acoustic
Number, 2 state of defect not only is thinned to inner wall of the pipe and carries out real-time monitoring, moreover it is possible to sensor mount position material be effectively detected out
Whether surface cracked or corrosion default.
A kind of pipe surface defect inspection method of the electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor installation point, including walk as follows
It is rapid:
Step 1: defect 2 and pipe surface crackle/corrosion default 3 is thinned in the inner wall of the pipe of process pipeline test specimen 1；Production electricity
Magnetic ultrasonic monitoring sensor 4 and the surface burnishing part 7 being installed on right above pipe surface crackle/corrosion default 3, electromagnetic acoustic prison
It surveys permanent magnet 5 in sensor 4 and stationary magnetic field source is provided, spiral coil 6 realizes the autoexcitation of signal and from detection function；
Step 2: building impulse eddy current and the compound experiment for non-destructive testing experiment system of electromagnetic acoustic, main includes six to be connected
Point: pumping signal generating device, electromagnetic acoustic the monitoring sensor, duplex being made of pulse signal generator and power amplifier
Device, signal amplifier, filter and the data acquisition device being made of oscillograph and data collection system；Duplexer input terminal
Connect pumping signal generating device, electromagnetic acoustic monitors sensor, duplexer output end connection signal amplifier, signal amplifier
Filter is connected, filter reconnects data collection system；Pulse signal generator first in pumping signal generating device produces
Raw pulse excitation signal, pulse excitation signal pass to duplex after the power amplifier amplification in pumping signal generating device
Amplified pumping signal is sent to electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor 4 again by device, duplexer, and secondly electromagnetic acoustic monitors sensor
4 receive compound detecting signal, and compound detecting signal is sent to signal amplifier after duplexer Screening Treatment and is amplified, so
Amplified compound detecting signal is handled by filter filtering afterwards, impulse eddy current signal and electromagnetic ultrasonic signal is separated, most
The impulse eddy current signal and electromagnetic ultrasonic signal isolated are shown in the oscillograph in data acquisition device afterwards, and pass through data
Data collection system in acquisition device is acquired for analysis, and the defect information of test specimen can be obtained；
Step 3: calculate the strong static magnetic field spatial distribution that permanent magnet 5 generates:
For permanent magnet 5, if magnetization is along the z-axis direction, under the influence of ignoring external magnetic field, equation (1-1) gives ferromagnetic
The nonlinear magnetization constitutive relation of property body:
Wherein: μ0For space permeability；ezIt is magnet z-axis direction unit vector；BrFor remnant field intensity, for ideal
Permanent magnet, remnant field intensity BrFor constant；When each point magnetization M is identical in magnet, magnetizing current is only distributed in magnet
Surface, surface current density j=M × en, enIt is magnet surface normal unit vector；Permanent magnet is equivalent to the energization of n circle coil
Solenoid, then the equivalent current I of line taking circle0=jh/n, wherein h is the height of permanent magnet；Finally according to Biot-Savart law
Determine the magnetic induction density B at space any point
Wherein: r is the vertical range apart from energization solenoid axis；Dl is the length of equivalent current member；It can by above formula
Obtain the strong static magnetic field spatial distribution of permanent magnet generation；
Step 5: the strong static magnetic field spatial distribution obtained in conjunction with step 4 is based on degeneration magnetic vector potential method ArAnd Crank-
Nicholson time-domain integration method calculates the result of detecting signal；
Displacement current is ignored under quasi-static situation for conducting medium, describes the partial differential equation of electromagnetic field are as follows:
In formula:For Laplace operator；A indicates magnetic vector potential；For scalar magnetic potential；μ is magnetic conductivity；σ is conductivity；JsFor
Ource electric current density；It is using Edge Finite Element Method that above formula is discrete are as follows:
It is obtained by formula (1-4) according to Crank-Nicholson immediate integration:
[(1-θ)Δt[P]+[Q]]{A}t+Δt=Δ t { R }t+Δt+[[Q]-θΔt[P]]{A}t (1-5)
In formula: Δ t is time step；The constant that θ is 0~1；[P], [Q] indicate coefficient matrix；[R] is and time and arteries and veins
The relevant numerical matrix of excitation current source is rushed, dimension is identical as P, Q；{ A } indicates the vector with time correlation, and magnetic is being calculated
After vector potential A, impulse eddy current J in conductore, Distribution of Magnetic Field BtAnd by impulse eddy current Je6 voltage signal of spiral coil of generation
Vpulse,tDistribution calculated by following formula:
Luo Lun Hereby power is generated under magnetic field and vortex interaction are as follows:
fv=Je×B (1-7)
In Luo Lun Hereby power fvUnder the action of, ultrasonic wave can be generated in conductor, according to fluctuation side in homogeneous isotropic medium
Cheng You:
In formula: λ and μ is elastic properties of materials constant；ρ is the density of material；γ is the damped coefficient of material；U is particle displacement
Vector；It brings finite element discretization into and obtains integrated form with centered Finite Difference Methods again are as follows:
[L]{U}t+Δt=[R] { U }t+[D]{U}t-Δt+2({Fs}t+{Fv}t)Δt 2 (1-9)
In formula:
[L]=2 [M]+[C] Δ t；
[S]=4 [M] -2 [K] Δ t 2；
[D]=[C] Δ t-2 [M]；
[U], [M], [C] and [K] is respectively transposed matrix, the quality of test specimen, damping and stiffness matrix；
{ Fs } and { Fv } is respectively surface force suffered by test specimen and volume force vector；
It is calculated by step_by_step integration up to the displacement and speed of caused node is propagated to any time ultrasonic wave, super
In propagation process of sound wave, conductor meeting cutting magnetic induction line, conductor can generate induced electromotive force ε:
V is the speed of node, the induced current density J of conductor are as follows:
J=σ (v × B) (1-11)
The inducting flux Φ in spiral coil 6 can be obtained according to Nie Yiman formula are as follows:
Wherein: R is coil radius, and dV is velocity differentials, is obtained according to Faraday's electromagnetic induction law since ultrasound vortex produces
Raw 6 voltage signal V of spiral coilultrasonic,tAre as follows:
Final 6 blended voltage signals V of spiral coil can be obtained according to formula (1-6) and formula (1-13)total,tAre as follows:
Vtotal,t=Vpulse,t+Vultrasonic,t (1-14)
Step 5: the mixing detecting signal in spiral coil 6 obtained in conjunction with step 4 filters mixing detecting signal
Wave processing respectively obtains electromagnetic ultrasonic signal and impulse eddy current signal to obtain the separation and Extraction of signal, filtering processing
Process is as follows:
Spectrum analysis is carried out to detecting signal first and makees Fourier transformation,
Period is as follows for the Fourier expansion of the function of 2l and the calculation formula of its coefficient:
Wherein:
Wherein n=1,2,3 ...
Obtain different frequencyAmplitude, i.e.,
Then setting frequency filtering section [T1, T2] enables,
Wherein: T1 is high-pass filtering frequency；T2 is low pass filtered frequency；
Detecting signal is made into Fourier space superposition to get filtered time-domain signal is arrived with formula (1-15) later；
It is found out by the result of numerical simulation to impulse eddy current and ultrasound vortex detection according to different pulse excitation frequencies
Detecting signal line is accessed and is filtered then by filters modulate to the filter range by the optimal filter frequency that signal is separated
Device, filter result are output to data collection system, data collection system by analysis signal can to different type defect into
The quantitative detection of row, while can also flat scanning be carried out to scan path, it carries out imaging and shows；Data collection system is by dividing
The quantitative detection that carries out to different type defect of analysis signal is the detection pinpointed, can only be on the section of detection probe region
The two-dimensional shapes of defect, therefore can determine many two-dimensional sections by customizing scan path, this makes it possible to obtain defect
3D shape.
The exciting current for the pulse excitation signal that pulse signal generator in step 2 pumping signal generating device generates is
The sinusoidal excitation of half period, driving frequency be greater than megahertz high frequency.
Impulse eddy current is different from the frequency filtering section of electromagnetic acoustic in filtering processing described in step 5, needs to pass through frequency
The result of spectrum analysis obtains optimal filter effect.
Compared to the prior art the present invention, has the advantage that
1) present invention mainly proposes a kind of detection for solving sensor mount position pipe surface crackle or corrosion default
Method, this method are based on impulse eddy current and the compound non-destructive testing technology of electromagnetic acoustic.It is monitored on-line for electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer
Technology can only detect trommel defect and can not detect surface defect and lead to this some disadvantage of missing inspection, utilize pulse whirlpool
Stream lossless detection method has this feature of higher detection accuracy near surface flaw, efficiently extracts the whirlpool in electromagnetic acoustic
Signal is flowed, realizes the compound non-destructive testing of electromagnetic acoustic and impulse eddy current.The compound collecting analysis of two kinds of signals can be lacked mutually with excellent
It mends, improves detection performance and efficiency, not only defect can be thinned to inner wall of the pipe well and carry out real-time monitoring, moreover it is possible to effectively
Detect whether sensor mount position material surface cracked or corrosion default.
2) this method has non-contact (only needing a coil self-excitation self-test, be not necessarily to couplant), detection efficiency high (electromagnetism is super
Acoustical signal and impulse eddy current signal extract simultaneously, and pulse excitation frequency is very high, detection time is very short), detection range it is big (compatible
Surface defect and deep defects detection, broader Thickness sensitivity range) the advantages of, it can be widely applied to surface defects detection, depth
Spend defects detection, thickness measuring etc..
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the method for the present invention electromagnetic acoustic monitors sensor to the on-line monitoring schematic diagram of pipeline.
Fig. 2 is the method for the present invention electromagnetic acoustic/impulse eddy current compound detection schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the compound nondestructive detection system flow chart of the method for the present invention electromagnetic acoustic/impulse eddy current.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
The pipe surface defect inspection method of electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor installation point of the present invention, senses for electromagnetic acoustic
Device on-line monitoring technique can only detect trommel defect and can not detect pipe surface defect cause missing inspection this it is some lack
Point has this feature of higher detection accuracy near surface flaw using pulse eddy nondestructive testing method, efficiently extracts
Eddy current signal in electromagnetic acoustic realizes the compound detection of electromagnetic acoustic and impulse eddy current, not only can be well in pipeline
Wall is thinned defect and carries out real-time monitoring, moreover it is possible to it is whether cracked or rotten that sensor mount position material surface be effectively detected out
Lose defect.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the pipe surface defects detection side of the method for the present invention electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor installation point
Method is surpassed firstly, placing the production of permanent magnet 5 right above spiral coil 6 by the electromagnetism that permanent magnet 5 and spiral coil 6 form
Sound monitors sensor 4, and spiral coil 6 is self-excitation self-test coil, and permanent magnet 5 generates stationary magnetic field；On 1 surface of pipeline test specimen
Surface burnishing part 7 is formed after place's polishing is clean, electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor 4 is mounted on surface burnishing part 7；The pipe
Defect 2 and pipe surface crackle/corrosion default 3, pipe surface crackle/corrosion default 3 is thinned containing inner wall of the pipe in road test specimen 1
1 surface of pipeline test specimen immediately below electromagnetic acoustic monitoring 4 installation position of sensor；Secondly, being occurred by impulse eddy current signal
Device is passed through pulse excitation electric current to the spiral coil 6 of electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor 4, due to electromagnetic induction, in pipeline test specimen 1
Surface can generate vortex, be defined as impulse eddy current；Meanwhile impulse eddy current can generate Lip river under the effect of the stationary magnetic field of permanent magnet 5
Lun Zili, to cause test specimen particle vibration, particle vibration can be propagated downwards, and echo, particle vibration meeting can be generated by encountering interface
Cutting magnetic field line and generate new vortex, be defined as electromagnetic acoustic vortex, 6 both end voltage of spiral coil can occur to become accordingly
Change；In this way, spiral coil 6 can detect impulse eddy current signal and electromagnetic ultrasonic signal, i.e., compound detecting signal simultaneously；Finally,
Composite signal is separated using filter, to isolate impulse eddy current signal and electromagnetic acoustic letter from composite signal
Number；Wherein electromagnetic ultrasonic signal is thinned 2 state of defect to the inner wall of the pipe of pipeline test specimen 1 and carries out real-time monitoring, realizes that electromagnetism is super
The on-line monitoring function of sound monitoring sensor 4；Impulse eddy current signal to pipe surface crackle/corrosion default 3 of pipeline test specimen 1 into
The detection function of the surface defect situation to electromagnetic acoustic monitoring 4 installation position of sensor is realized in row detection；Therefore, as long as energy
Enough eddy current signals reasonably utilized in electromagnetic acoustic, are not only thinned 2 state of defect to inner wall of the pipe and carry out real-time monitoring, moreover it is possible to
It is effectively detected out whether sensor mount position material surface cracked or corrosion default.It especially indicates, the method for the present invention
The hardened structure face crack/corrosion default in sensor mount position and wooden partition for being equally applicable to hardened structure are thinned quantifying for defect and comment
Estimate.
The method of the present invention electromagnetic acoustic monitors the pipe surface defect inspection method of sensor installation point, specifically includes as follows
Step:
Step 1: defect 2 and pipe surface crackle/corrosion default 3 is thinned in the inner wall of the pipe of process pipeline test specimen 1；Production electricity
Magnetic ultrasonic monitoring sensor 4 and the surface burnishing part 7 being installed on right above pipe surface crackle/corrosion default 3, electromagnetic acoustic prison
It surveys permanent magnet 5 in sensor 4 and stationary magnetic field source is provided, spiral coil 6 realizes the autoexcitation of signal and from detection function；
Step 2: impulse eddy current and the compound experiment for non-destructive testing experiment system of electromagnetic acoustic are built, as shown in figure 3, mainly including phase
Six parts of connection: pumping signal generating device, the electromagnetic acoustic being made of pulse signal generator and power amplifier monitor
Sensor, duplexer, signal amplifier, filter and the data acquisition device being made of oscillograph and data collection system；
Duplexer input terminal connects pumping signal generating device, electromagnetic acoustic monitors sensor, the amplification of duplexer output end connection signal
Device, signal amplifier connect filter, and filter reconnects data collection system；Pulse first in pumping signal generating device
Signal generator generates pulse excitation signal, and pulse excitation signal is by the power amplifier amplification in pumping signal generating device
After pass to duplexer, amplified pumping signal is sent to electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor 4 again by duplexer, and secondly electromagnetism is super
Sound monitoring sensor 4 receives compound detecting signal, and compound detecting signal is sent to signal amplification after duplexer Screening Treatment
Device is amplified, and then amplified compound detecting signal is handled by filter filtering, and impulse eddy current signal and electromagnetism are surpassed
Acoustical signal separation, the oscillography being finally shown in the impulse eddy current signal and electromagnetic ultrasonic signal isolated in data acquisition device
Device, and be acquired by the data collection system in data acquisition device for analysis, the defect information of test specimen can be obtained；
Step 3: calculate the strong static magnetic field spatial distribution that permanent magnet 5 generates:
For permanent magnet 5, if magnetization is along the z-axis direction, under the influence of ignoring external magnetic field, equation (1-1) gives ferromagnetic
The nonlinear magnetization constitutive relation of property body,
Wherein: μ0For space permeability, ezIt is magnet z-axis direction unit vector, for ideal permanent magnet, remanence field strength
Spend BrFor constant, when each point magnetization M is identical in magnet, magnetizing current is only distributed in the surface of magnet, surface current density j
=M × en(enIt is magnet surface normal unit vector)；Permanent magnet is equivalent to the energization solenoid of n circle coil, then line taking circle
Equivalent current I0=jh/n, wherein h is the height of permanent magnet；Space any point is finally determined according to Biot-Savart law
Magnetic induction density B:
Wherein: r is the vertical range apart from energization solenoid axis, and dl is the length of equivalent current member, can by above formula
Obtain the strong static magnetic field spatial distribution of permanent magnet generation；
Step 4: the strong static magnetic field spatial distribution obtained in conjunction with step 3 is based on degeneration magnetic vector potential method ArAnd Crank-
Nicholson time-domain integration method calculates the result of detecting signal；
Displacement current is ignored under quasi-static situation for conducting medium, describes the partial differential equation of electromagnetic field are as follows:
In formula:For Laplace operator；A indicates magnetic vector potential；For scalar magnetic potential；μ is magnetic conductivity；σ is conductivity；JsFor
Ource electric current density；It is using Edge Finite Element Method that above formula is discrete are as follows:
It is obtained by formula (1-4) according to Crank-Nicholson immediate integration:
[(1-θ)Δt[P]+[Q]]{A}t+Δt=Δ t { R }t+Δt+[[Q]-θΔt[P]]{A}t (1-5)
In formula: Δ t is time step；The constant that θ is 0~1；[P], [Q] indicate coefficient matrix；[R] is and time and arteries and veins
The relevant numerical matrix of excitation current source is rushed, dimension is identical as P, Q；{ A } indicates the vector with time correlation, and magnetic is being calculated
After vector potential A, impulse eddy current J in conductore, Distribution of Magnetic Field BtAnd by impulse eddy current Je6 voltage signal of spiral coil of generation
Vpulse,tDistribution calculated by following formula:
Luo Lun Hereby power is generated under magnetic field and vortex interaction are as follows:
fv=Je×B (1-7)
In Luo Lun Hereby power fvUnder the action of, ultrasonic wave can be generated in conductor, according to fluctuation side in homogeneous isotropic medium
Cheng You:
In formula: λ and μ is elastic properties of materials constant；ρ is the density of material；γ is the damped coefficient of material；U is particle displacement
Vector；It brings finite element discretization into and obtains integrated form with centered Finite Difference Methods again are as follows:
[L]{U}t+Δt=[R] { U }t+[D]{U}t-Δt+2({Fs}t+{Fv}t)Δt 2 (1-9)
In formula:
[L]=2 [M]+[C] Δ t；
[S]=4 [M] -2 [K] Δ t 2；
[D]=[C] Δ t-2 [M]；
[U], [M], [C] and [K] is respectively transposed matrix, the quality of test specimen, damping and stiffness matrix；
{ Fs } and { Fv } is respectively surface force suffered by test specimen and volume force vector；
It is calculated by step_by_step integration up to the displacement and speed of caused node is propagated to any time ultrasonic wave, super
In propagation process of sound wave, conductor meeting cutting magnetic induction line, conductor can generate induced electromotive force ε:
V is the speed of node, the induced current density J of conductor are as follows:
J=σ (v × B) (1-11)
The inducting flux Φ in spiral coil 6 can be obtained according to Nie Yiman formula are as follows:
Wherein: R is coil radius, and dV is velocity differentials, is obtained according to Faraday's electromagnetic induction law since ultrasound vortex produces
Raw spiral coil (6) voltage signal Vultrasonic,tAre as follows:
Final 6 blended voltage signals V of spiral coil can be obtained according to formula (1-6) and formula (1-13)total,tAre as follows:
Vtotal,t=Vpulse,t+Vultrasonic,t (1-14)
Step 5: the mixing detecting signal in spiral coil 6 obtained in conjunction with step 4 filters mixing detecting signal
Wave processing respectively obtains electromagnetic ultrasonic signal and impulse eddy current signal to obtain the separation and Extraction of signal, filtering processing
Process is as follows:
Spectrum analysis is carried out to detecting signal first and makees Fourier transformation,
Period is as follows for the Fourier expansion of the function of 2l and the calculation formula of its coefficient:
Wherein:
Wherein n=1,2,3 ...
Obtain different frequencyAmplitude, i.e.,
Then setting frequency filtering section [T1, T2] enables,
Wherein: T1 is high-pass filtering frequency；T2 is low pass filtered frequency；
Detecting signal will be mixed with formula (1-15) later and make Fourier space superposition to get to filtered time-domain signal；
It is found out by the result of numerical simulation to impulse eddy current and ultrasound vortex detection according to different pulse excitation frequencies
Detecting signal line is accessed and is filtered then by filters modulate to the filter range by the optimal filter frequency that signal is separated
Device, filter result are output to data collection system, data collection system by analysis signal can to different type defect into
The quantitative detection of row, while may also enough determine scan path and carry out flat scanning, it carries out imaging and shows that (data collection system passes through
The quantitative detection that carries out to different type defect of analysis signal, is the detection of a member, can only detection probe region section
The two-dimensional shapes of upper defect, therefore many two-dimensional sections can be determined by customizing scan path, it can be obtained by body in this way
The 3D shape of defect).
As the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pulse signal generator in step 2 pumping signal generating device is generated
Pulse excitation signal exciting current be half period sinusoidal excitation, driving frequency 2MHz；
As the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the filter of impulse eddy current and electromagnetic acoustic in filtering processing described in step 5
Wave frequency rate section is respectively that [0,5] MHz and [1,3] MHz is filtered.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of pipe surface defect inspection method of electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor installation point, it is characterised in that:
It is made of firstly, placing permanent magnet (5) production right above spiral coil (6) permanent magnet (5) and spiral coil (6)
Electromagnetic acoustic monitor sensor (4), spiral coil (6) be self-excitation self-test coil, permanent magnet (5) generate stationary magnetic field；?
Surface burnishing part (7) are formed after the polishing of pipeline test specimen (1) surface somewhere is clean, electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor (4) installation is solid
Due to surface burnishing part (7)；Defect (2) are thinned containing inner wall of the pipe for the pipeline test specimen (1) and pipe surface crackle/corrosion lacks
It falls into (3), pipe surface crackle/corrosion default (3) is located at the pipeline examination immediately below electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor (4) installation position
Part (1) surface；Secondly, logical by spiral coil (6) of the impulse eddy current signal generator to electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor (4)
Enter pulse excitation electric current, due to electromagnetic induction, vortex can be generated on pipeline test specimen (1) surface, be defined as impulse eddy current；Meanwhile
Impulse eddy current can generate Lorentz force under the effect of the stationary magnetic field of permanent magnet (5), thus cause test specimen particle vibration, particle vibration
Dynamic to propagate downwards, echo can be generated by encountering interface, and particle vibration understands cutting magnetic field line and generates new vortex, be defined as electromagnetism
Ultrasound vortex, spiral coil (6) both end voltage can occur to change accordingly；In this way, spiral coil (6) can detect arteries and veins simultaneously
Eddy current signal and electromagnetic ultrasonic signal are rushed, i.e., compound detecting signal；Finally, composite signal is separated using filter, from
And impulse eddy current signal and electromagnetic ultrasonic signal are isolated from composite signal；Wherein electromagnetic ultrasonic signal is to pipeline test specimen (1)
Inner wall of the pipe be thinned defect (2) state carry out real-time monitoring, realize electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor (4) on-line monitoring function
Energy；Impulse eddy current signal detects pipe surface crackle/corrosion default (3) of pipeline test specimen (1), realizes to electromagnetic acoustic
Monitor the detection function of the surface defect situation of sensor (4) installation position；Therefore, as long as the whirlpool in electromagnetic acoustic can be utilized
Signal is flowed, defect (2) state not only is thinned to inner wall of the pipe and carries out real-time monitoring, moreover it is possible to sensor mount be effectively detected out
Whether material surface cracked or corrosion default for position.
2. a kind of pipe surface defect inspection method of electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor installation point according to claim 1,
It is characterized by: specifically comprising the following steps:
Step 1: defect (2) and pipe surface crackle/corrosion default (3) is thinned in the inner wall of the pipe of process pipeline test specimen (1)；Production
Electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor (4) and the surface burnishing part (7) being installed on right above pipe surface crackle/corrosion default (3), electricity
In magnetic ultrasonic monitoring sensor (4) permanent magnet (5) provide stationary magnetic field source, spiral coil (6) realize signal autoexcitation and
From detection function；
Step 2: impulse eddy current and the compound experiment for non-destructive testing experiment system of electromagnetic acoustic are built, main includes six parts being connected:
The pumping signal generating device that is made of pulse signal generator and power amplifier, electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor, duplexer,
Signal amplifier, filter and the data acquisition device being made of oscillograph and data collection system；Duplexer input terminal connects
Pumping signal generating device, electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor, duplexer output end connection signal amplifier are connect, signal amplifier connects
Filter is connect, filter reconnects data collection system；Pulse signal generator first in pumping signal generating device generates
Pulse excitation signal, pulse excitation signal pass to duplex after the power amplifier amplification in pumping signal generating device
Amplified pumping signal is sent to electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor (4) again by device, duplexer, secondly electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensing
Device (4) receives compound detecting signal, and compound detecting signal is sent to signal amplifier after duplexer Screening Treatment and is put
Greatly, then amplified compound detecting signal is handled by filter filtering, by impulse eddy current signal and electromagnetic ultrasonic signal point
From the impulse eddy current signal and electromagnetic ultrasonic signal isolated finally being shown in the oscillograph in data acquisition device, and lead to
The data collection system crossed in data acquisition device is acquired to analyze the defect information to get test specimen is arrived；
Step 3: calculate the strong static magnetic field spatial distribution that permanent magnet (5) generate:
For permanent magnet (5), if magnetization is along the z-axis direction, under the influence of ignoring external magnetic field, equation (1-1) gives ferromagnetism
The nonlinear magnetization constitutive relation of body:
Wherein: μ0For space permeability；ezIt is permanent magnet z-axis direction unit vector；BrFor remnant field intensity, for it is ideal forever
Magnet, remnant field intensity BrFor constant；When each point magnetization M is identical in permanent magnet, magnetizing current is only distributed in permanent magnetism
The surface of body, surface current density j=M × en, enIt is permanent magnet surfaces normal unit vector；Permanent magnet is equivalent to n circle coil
Energization solenoid, then the equivalent current I of line taking circle0=jh/n, wherein h is the height of permanent magnet；You are finally cut down according to Biot-Sa
Law determines the magnetic induction density B at space any point
Wherein: r is vertical range of the space any point apart from energization solenoid axis；Dl is the length of equivalent current member；Pass through
Above formula can obtain the strong static magnetic field spatial distribution of permanent magnet generation；
Step 4: the strong static magnetic field spatial distribution obtained in conjunction with step 3 is based on degeneration magnetic vector potential method ArAnd Crank-
Nicholson time-domain integration method calculates the result of detecting signal；
Displacement current is ignored under quasi-static situation for conducting medium, describes the partial differential equation of electromagnetic field are as follows:
In formula:For Laplace operator；A indicates magnetic vector potential；For scalar magnetic potential；μ is magnetic conductivity；σ is conductivity；JsFor source electricity
Current density；It is using Edge Finite Element Method that above formula is discrete are as follows:
It is obtained by formula (1-4) according to Crank-Nicholson immediate integration:
[(1-θ)Δt[P]+[Q]]{A}t+Δt=Δ t { R }t+Δt+[[Q]-θΔt[P]]{A}tIn (1-5) formula:
Δ t is time step；The constant that θ is 0~1；[P], [Q] indicate coefficient matrix；[R] is and time and pulse excitation electric current
The relevant numerical matrix in source, dimension are identical as P, Q；{ A } indicates to lead after magnetic vector potential A is calculated with the vector of time correlation
Impulse eddy current J in bodye, Distribution of Magnetic Field BtAnd by impulse eddy current JeThe detection coil voltage signal V of generationpulse,tDistribution by
Following formula calculates:
Luo Lun Hereby power is generated under magnetic field and vortex interaction are as follows:
fv=Je×B (1-7)
In Luo Lun Hereby power fvUnder the action of, ultrasonic wave can be generated in conductor, had according to homogeneous isotropic medium Wave Equations:
In formula: λ and μ is elastic properties of materials constant；ρ is the density of material；γ is the damped coefficient of material；U is particle displacement vector；
It brings finite element discretization into and obtains integrated form with centered Finite Difference Methods again are as follows:
[L]{U}t+Δt=[R] { U }t+[D]{U}t-Δt+2({Fs}t+{Fv}t)Δt 2In (1-9) formula:
[L]=2 [M]+[C] Δ t；
[S]=4 [M] -2 [K] Δ t 2；
[D]=[C] Δ t-2 [M]；
[U], [M], [C] and [K] is respectively transposed matrix, the quality of test specimen, damping and stiffness matrix；
{ Fs } and { Fv } is respectively surface force suffered by test specimen and volume force vector；
It is calculated by step_by_step integration up to the displacement and speed of caused node is propagated to any time ultrasonic wave, in ultrasonic wave
In communication process, conductor meeting cutting magnetic induction line, conductor can generate induced electromotive force ε:
V is the speed of node, the induced current density J of conductor are as follows:
J=σ (v × B) (1-11)
The inducting flux Φ in spiral coil (6) is obtained according to Nie Yiman formula are as follows:
Wherein: R is coil radius, and dV is velocity differentials, is learnt according to Faraday's electromagnetic induction law since ultrasound vortex generates
Spiral coil (6) voltage signal Vultrasonic,tAre as follows:
Final spiral coil (6) blended voltage signals V is obtained according to formula (1-6) and formula (1-13)total,tAre as follows:
Vtotal,t=Vpulse,t+Vultrasonic,t (1-14)
Step 5: the mixing detecting signal in spiral coil (6) obtained in conjunction with step 4 is filtered mixing detecting signal
Separation and Extraction is handled, that is, respectively obtains electromagnetic ultrasonic signal and impulse eddy current signal, the process of filtering processing is as follows:
Spectrum analysis is carried out to mixing detecting signal first and makees Fourier transformation,
Period is as follows for the Fourier expansion of the function of 2l and the calculation formula of its coefficient:
Wherein:
Wherein n=1,2,3 ...
Obtain different frequencyAmplitude, i.e.,
Then frequency filtering section [T1, T2] is set, enabled
Wherein: T1 is high-pass filtering frequency；T2 is low pass filtered frequency；
Detecting signal will be mixed with formula (1-15) later and make Fourier space superposition to get to filtered time-domain signal；
It is found out by the result of numerical simulation to impulse eddy current signal and electromagnetic ultrasonic signal according to different pulse excitation frequencies
Detecting signal line is accessed filter, filter then by filters modulate to the filter range by isolated optimal filter frequency
Wave result is output to data acquisition device, and data acquisition device can quantify different type defect by analyzing signal
Detection, while also can to scan path carry out flat scanning, carry out imaging and show；Data acquisition device passes through analysis signal
It is the detection of fixed point to the quantitative detection that different defect carries out, it can only defect on the section of detection sensor region
Two-dimensional shapes, therefore can determine multiple two-dimensional sections by customizing scan path, this makes it possible to the three-dimensional shapeds for obtaining defect
Shape.
3. a kind of pipe surface defect inspection method of electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor installation point according to claim 2,
It is characterized by: the excitation electricity for the pulse excitation signal that the pulse signal generator in step 2 pumping signal generating device generates
Stream be half period sinusoidal excitation, driving frequency be greater than megahertz high frequency.
4. a kind of pipe surface defect inspection method of electromagnetic acoustic monitoring sensor installation point according to claim 2,
It is characterized by: impulse eddy current is different from the frequency filtering section of electromagnetic acoustic in filtering processing described in step 5, need to pass through
The result of spectrum analysis obtains optimal filter effect.
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