CN113866261B - Steel plate defect measuring device and method - Google Patents
Steel plate defect measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113866261B CN113866261B CN202111053884.3A CN202111053884A CN113866261B CN 113866261 B CN113866261 B CN 113866261B CN 202111053884 A CN202111053884 A CN 202111053884A CN 113866261 B CN113866261 B CN 113866261B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/90—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/90—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents
- G01N27/904—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents with two or more sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/90—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents
- G01N27/9046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents by analysing electrical signals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring defects of a steel plate, wherein the device comprises: the device comprises a permanent magnet, a shielding cover, a spiral coil, a first cylindrical coil, a second cylindrical coil and a detection module; according to the invention, a steel plate is taken as a research object, a measuring device with a shielding cover, a spiral coil, a first cylindrical coil and a second cylindrical coil is established, and the blind area of electromagnetic ultrasonic detection is analyzed and parameters of a composite far-field model are optimized by using the measuring device for time-division multiplexing electromagnetic ultrasonic and far-field eddy current composite detection, so that the detection range of an eddy current part is enlarged, and the blind area of electromagnetic ultrasonic detection is well compensated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel plate quality detection, in particular to a steel plate defect measuring device and method.
Background
In recent years, enterprises have higher and higher requirements on the quality of steel plates, and the premise of timely finding defects in hot rolled steel plates and timely adjusting technological parameters is to improve the quality of the steel plates. In the practical requirement of defect detection, a single detection method is difficult to realize large-scale, rapid and accurate judgment and analysis of the defects of the test piece. The electromagnetic ultrasonic detection method can well solve the problem of detecting the internal defects of the hot rolled steel plate, but a blind area for detecting the defects on the surface of the steel plate is caused by superposition of echo signals and emitted waves; the eddy current detection method can detect the defects of the surface and the near surface with high precision, but can not detect the defects of the deep buried part effectively due to the limitation of the skin depth.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for measuring the defects of a steel plate.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
a steel plate defect measuring apparatus comprising: the device comprises a permanent magnet, a shielding cover, a spiral coil, a first cylindrical coil, a second cylindrical coil and a detection module;
the permanent magnet and the spiral coil are arranged in the shielding cover, and the spiral coil is used for exciting the permanent magnet to generate a detection signal with defect information; the detection signal comprises a magnetic signal and an eddy current signal; the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil are both arranged outside the shielding cover, and the first cylindrical coil is arranged between the second cylindrical coil and the shielding cover; the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil are used for receiving the detection signal; the detection module is respectively connected with the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil, and is used for detecting the change parameters of the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil and obtaining defect information according to the change parameters.
Preferably, the excitation frequency of the spiral coil is 400HZ.
Preferably, the distance between the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil is 28mm.
Preferably, the height of the first cylindrical coil and/or the height of the second cylindrical coil is 6 times the outer diameter length of the first cylindrical coil and/or the outer diameter length of the second cylindrical coil.
Preferably, the number of turns of the first cylindrical coil and/or the second cylindrical coil is 1000.
Preferably, the area where the magnetic signal and the eddy current signal act together is in the range of 5mm to 15mm.
Preferably, the detection module includes:
the acquisition unit is connected with the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil respectively and is used for acquiring the variation parameters of the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil; the variation parameter comprises a voltage variation parameter or an impedance variation parameter;
the fusion unit is connected with the acquisition unit and used for fusing the variation parameters of the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil based on a vector machine model to obtain fusion information;
and the analysis unit is connected with the fusion unit and is used for analyzing according to the fusion information to obtain the defect information.
Preferably, the vector machine model is obtained after optimization according to a wolf algorithm.
The steel plate defect measuring method is applied to the steel plate defect measuring device and comprises the following steps:
exciting the permanent magnet by using the spiral coil to generate a detection signal with defect information; the detection signal comprises a magnetic signal and an eddy current signal;
receiving the detection signal by using a first cylindrical coil and a second cylindrical coil; the detection signals respectively act on the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil so as to enable the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil to generate parameter changes;
and detecting the variation parameters of the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil, and obtaining defect information according to the variation parameters.
Preferably, the detecting the changing parameters of the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil, and obtaining defect information according to the changing parameters includes:
acquiring the variation parameters of the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil; the variation parameter comprises a voltage variation parameter or an impedance variation parameter;
fusing the variable parameters of the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil based on a vector machine model to obtain fusion information;
and analyzing according to the fusion information to obtain the defect information.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a device and a method for measuring defects of a steel plate, wherein the device comprises the following components: the device comprises a permanent magnet, a shielding cover, a spiral coil, a first cylindrical coil, a second cylindrical coil and a detection module; the permanent magnet and the spiral coil are arranged in the shielding cover, and the spiral coil is used for exciting the permanent magnet to generate a detection signal with defect information; the detection signal comprises a magnetic signal and an eddy current signal; the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil are both arranged outside the shielding cover, and the first cylindrical coil is arranged between the second cylindrical coil and the shielding cover; the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil are used for receiving the detection signal; the detection module is respectively connected with the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil, and is used for detecting the change parameters of the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil and obtaining defect information according to the change parameters. In the specific embodiment, the invention takes the steel plate as a research object, establishes the measuring device with the shielding cover, the spiral coil, the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil, analyzes the blind area of electromagnetic ultrasonic detection through the measuring device of time-division multiplexing electromagnetic ultrasonic and far-field eddy current composite detection, optimizes the parameters of the composite far-field model, expands the detection range of an eddy current part and well compensates the blind area of the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an electromagnetic ultrasonic and eddy current composite structure in an embodiment provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for measuring defects of a steel plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for measuring the defects of a steel plate, which can expand the detection range of eddy parts and well compensate the blind area of electromagnetic ultrasonic detection.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an electromagnetic ultrasonic and eddy current composite structure in an embodiment provided by the invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a steel plate defect measuring device, which comprises: the device comprises a permanent magnet, a shielding cover, a spiral coil, a first cylindrical coil, a second cylindrical coil and a detection module.
The permanent magnet (iron oxide shielding case in the figure) and the spiral coil are arranged in the shielding case (air exists in the shielding case), and the spiral coil is used for exciting the permanent magnet (N and S in the figure represent two poles of the permanent magnet) to generate detection signals with defect information; the detection signal comprises a magnetic signal and an eddy current signal; the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil (cylindrical coils in the figure) are both arranged outside the shielding case, and the first cylindrical coil is arranged between the second cylindrical coil and the shielding case; the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil are used for receiving the detection signal; the detection module is respectively connected with the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil, and is used for detecting the change parameters of the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil and obtaining defect information according to the change parameters.
Further, the first cylindrical coil is at the near field position in fig. 1; the second cylindrical coil is at the far field position in fig. 1.
Optionally, the spiral coil is disposed between the permanent magnet and the steel plate. The spiral coils may be arranged in groups. In this embodiment, the spiral coils are two groups, and are respectively disposed at two sides of the bottom of the permanent magnet.
Specifically, the model of the steel plate is Q235.
Further, far-field eddy current is generally formed by an exciting coil and a detecting coil set (a first cylindrical coil and a second cylindrical coil), in order to better generate far-field eddy current phenomenon, a magnetic shielding structure is needed to reduce a direct coupling magnetic path between the two coils, and an indirect coupling magnetic path is increased, so that magnetic energy can pass through an object to be detected twice, magnetic signals with defect information and eddy current signals are transmitted from the exciting coil to the detecting coil, and meanwhile, proper parameters are needed to be selected: the frequency of the excitation coil, the spacing between the two coils, a suitable magnetic shielding structure, and the number of turns of the coils.
Preferably, the excitation frequency of the spiral coil is 400HZ.
Preferably, the distance between the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil is 28mm.
Specifically, the shielding cover is made of ferric oxide.
Preferably, the height of the first cylindrical coil and/or the height of the second cylindrical coil is 6 times the outer diameter length of the first cylindrical coil and/or the outer diameter length of the second cylindrical coil.
Preferably, the number of turns of the first cylindrical coil and/or the second cylindrical coil is 1000.
Preferably, the area where the magnetic signal and the eddy current signal act together is in the range of 5mm to 15mm.
In the simulation process, the action time of the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation signal is 10 mu s, the wave speed of the electromagnetic ultrasonic in the steel plate is about 3000m/s, and when the defect is within 15mm, the echo containing defect information can be aliased with the emission wave, namely the detection blind area of the electromagnetic ultrasonic is within 15mm. And defect information within 15mm can be detected by an eddy current detection method. The eddy current excitation frequency range used in the electromagnetic ultrasonic/eddy current composite detection reported at present is 100 k-10 MHz, the conductivity of the Q235 steel plate is that the penetration depth is less than 1mm and exceeds 1mm under 100KHz by an eddy current excitation signal, and the defect detection precision is not high.
As the frequency of the far-field eddy current excitation signal is 10 Hz-1000 Hz, the lower the frequency is, the deeper the eddy current penetration is, so that the far-field eddy current can detect the defect of 15mm depth, and meanwhile, the detection precision of the defect of 5mm-15mm is higher than that of the conventional eddy current, and the defect parameters inverted by the fusion of electromagnetic ultrasonic and far-field eddy current data are also more accurate.
The ferrite (shielding cover) has shielding effect on the magnetic field under the low-frequency signal, and can shield the magnetic field in the air, so that the eddy current depth is increased under the same excitation signal. According to the method, as shown in figure 1, a near-field eddy current composite model and a far-field eddy current composite model are respectively built by the two composite structures, 400Hz excitation signals are applied to detect defects at 15mm and 13mm positions.
The voltage difference of the far-field composite model was measured to be 5mV, while the voltage difference of the near-field eddy current composite model was measured to be 0mV, and no change in defects was detected. This is because when two coils are at a proper distance and under the influence of the magnetic shield, a far field phenomenon is generated, and the detection range of the coils is improved.
Preferably, the detection module includes:
the acquisition unit is connected with the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil respectively and is used for acquiring the variation parameters of the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil; the variation parameter comprises a voltage variation parameter or an impedance variation parameter;
the fusion unit is connected with the acquisition unit and used for fusing the variation parameters of the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil based on a vector machine model to obtain fusion information;
and the analysis unit is connected with the fusion unit and is used for analyzing according to the fusion information to obtain the defect information.
Preferably, the vector machine model is obtained after optimization according to a wolf algorithm.
In the embodiment, a Q235 steel plate is taken as a research object, a time-sharing multiplexing electromagnetic ultrasonic and far-field eddy current composite detection model with a shielding cover and a shared spiral coil is established, a blind area of electromagnetic ultrasonic detection is analyzed, parameters of the composite far-field model are optimized, and a region where electromagnetic ultrasonic and electric eddy current jointly act is formed: 5-15 mm, performing defect inversion by using a support vector machine of a gray wolf optimization algorithm, and designing experimental verification to obtain the following conclusion:
(1) The optimal parameters of the far field model of the composite coil are: the excitation frequency was 400Hz, the coil spacing was 28mm, the height of the detection coil was 6 times the outer diameter, and the number of turns of the detection coil was 1000. And the permanent magnet in the electromagnetic ultrasonic structure does not influence the detection precision of far-field eddy current on defects.
(2) The support vector machine optimized by the gray wolf algorithm can well fuse electromagnetic ultrasonic signals and far-field eddy current signals, and the accuracy rate reaches 96.14%.
(3) The electromagnetic ultrasonic and far-field eddy current composite probe is feasible, and the far-field eddy current can compensate for a short plate of electromagnetic ultrasonic detection.
Specifically, the SVR process based on the gray wolf optimization algorithm in this embodiment includes the following steps:
(1) and importing the prepared mixed data into Matlab, normalizing the data to a [0,1] interval by using a mapmin max function in the Matlab, and finishing data initialization.
(2) Setting parameters of a gray wolf optimization algorithm: the population size is set to 20, the iteration times is set to 50, and the value ranges of the parameters c and g are set to 0.001-100.
(3) Initializing wolf group:wolf, beta wolf, delta wolf, omega wolf(s), parameter c and parameter g are taken as the positions of the wolf clusters.
(4) And calculating the fitness of each wolf, wherein the fitness is the accuracy of the final optimization result.
(5) The wolves are ordered according to the fitness, the order is thatPut the optimal result in +.>Wolf position information.
(6) The position of each wolf is updated according to the mathematical model of the wolf hunting, surrounding hunting in the wolf algorithm.
(7) And solving the adaptability of each wolf in the new position.
(8) When the number of iterations is 50,c and g contained in the wolf position are optimal parameters in the SVR algorithm taking RBF as a kernel function, and if the iteration times are less than 50 times, returning to the step 5, and continuing to optimize.
(9) Inputting the obtained optimal c, g into an algorithm, accurately classifying sample data, and outputting the position and the radius of the defect.
The obtained predicted set results of the defect radius (r) and the position (h) are shown in table 1, and table 1 is a defect inversion result.
TABLE 1
As shown in Table 1, the inversion results showed that the defect inversion results were good, and the measurement results reached 96.14%.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for measuring a defect of a steel plate according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, and further provides a method for measuring a defect of a steel plate, which is applied to the device for measuring a defect of a steel plate, and the method for measuring a defect of a steel plate includes:
step 100: exciting the permanent magnet by using the spiral coil to generate a detection signal with defect information; the detection signal includes a magnetic signal and an eddy current signal.
Step 200: receiving the detection signal by using a first cylindrical coil and a second cylindrical coil; the detection signals respectively act on the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil so as to enable the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil to generate parameter changes.
Step 300: and detecting the variation parameters of the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil, and obtaining defect information according to the variation parameters.
Preferably, the detecting the changing parameters of the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil, and obtaining defect information according to the changing parameters includes:
acquiring the variation parameters of the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil; the variation parameter includes a voltage variation parameter or an impedance variation parameter.
And fusing the variation parameters of the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil based on a vector machine model to obtain fusion information.
And analyzing according to the fusion information to obtain the defect information.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) According to the design and optimization of the optimal parameters, the permanent magnet in the electromagnetic ultrasonic structure does not influence the detection precision of far-field eddy current on defects, so that the precision degree of the defect detection on the steel plate is improved.
(2) The invention utilizes the support vector machine optimized by the wolf algorithm, can well fuse electromagnetic ultrasonic and far-field eddy current signals, and improves the accuracy of detection results.
(3) The invention verifies that the electromagnetic ultrasonic and far-field eddy current composite probe is feasible, and the far-field eddy current can make up a short plate for electromagnetic ultrasonic detection, so that the invention provides a device and a method for measuring the defects of a steel plate of a feasible electromagnetic ultrasonic and electric eddy current composite coil, and the defects of the steel plate of 5mm-15mm are effectively detected.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the method disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the device disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points are referred to the device part description.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A steel plate defect measuring apparatus, comprising: the device comprises a permanent magnet, a shielding cover, a spiral coil, a first cylindrical coil, a second cylindrical coil and a detection module;
the permanent magnet and the spiral coil are arranged in the shielding cover, and the spiral coil is used for exciting the permanent magnet to generate a detection signal with defect information; the detection signal comprises a magnetic signal and an eddy current signal; the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil are both arranged outside the shielding cover, and the first cylindrical coil is arranged between the second cylindrical coil and the shielding cover; the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil are used for receiving the detection signal; the detection module is respectively connected with the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil, and is used for detecting the change parameters of the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil and obtaining defect information according to the change parameters; the excitation frequency of the spiral coil is 400H Z The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coilThe interval between the two is 28mm; the height of the first cylindrical coil is 6 times of the outer diameter length of the first cylindrical coil; the height of the second cylindrical coil is 6 times of the outer diameter length of the second cylindrical coil; the number of turns of the first cylindrical coil is 1000; the number of turns of the second cylindrical coil is 1000; the area range of the combined action of the magnetic signal and the eddy current signal is 5mm to 15mm;
the detection module comprises:
the acquisition unit is connected with the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil respectively and is used for acquiring the variation parameters of the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil; the variation parameter comprises a voltage variation parameter or an impedance variation parameter;
the fusion unit is connected with the acquisition unit and used for fusing the variation parameters of the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil based on a vector machine model to obtain fusion information;
the analysis unit is connected with the fusion unit and used for analyzing according to the fusion information to obtain the defect information; the vector machine model is obtained after optimization according to a wolf algorithm.
2. A steel plate defect measuring method, which is applied to the steel plate defect measuring apparatus of claim 1, comprising:
exciting the permanent magnet by using the spiral coil to generate a detection signal with defect information; the detection signal comprises a magnetic signal and an eddy current signal;
receiving the detection signal by using a first cylindrical coil and a second cylindrical coil; the detection signals respectively act on the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil so as to enable the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil to generate parameter changes;
detecting the variation parameters of the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil, and obtaining defect information according to the variation parameters; the excitation frequency of the spiral coil is 400H Z The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Between the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coilIs 28mm apart; the height of the first cylindrical coil is 6 times of the outer diameter length of the first cylindrical coil; the height of the second cylindrical coil is 6 times of the outer diameter length of the second cylindrical coil; the number of turns of the first cylindrical coil is 1000; the number of turns of the second cylindrical coil is 1000; the area range of the combined action of the magnetic signal and the eddy current signal is 5mm to 15mm;
the detecting the changing parameters of the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil, and obtaining defect information according to the changing parameters includes:
acquiring the variation parameters of the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil; the variation parameter comprises a voltage variation parameter or an impedance variation parameter;
fusing the variable parameters of the first cylindrical coil and the second cylindrical coil based on a vector machine model to obtain fusion information;
and analyzing according to the fusion information to obtain the defect information.
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