CN113176342B - Internally-inserted electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided wave transducer and working method thereof - Google Patents
Internally-inserted electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided wave transducer and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113176342B CN113176342B CN202110396972.7A CN202110396972A CN113176342B CN 113176342 B CN113176342 B CN 113176342B CN 202110396972 A CN202110396972 A CN 202110396972A CN 113176342 B CN113176342 B CN 113176342B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002592 echocardiography Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005288 electromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001028 reflection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
- G01N29/2412—Probes using the magnetostrictive properties of the material to be examined, e.g. electromagnetic acoustic transducers [EMAT]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/041—Analysing solids on the surface of the material, e.g. using Lamb, Rayleigh or shear waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an interpolated electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided wave transducer and a working method thereof. The eddy current coil is a flexible reverse coil, the long side of the eddy current coil is parallel to the axis of the permanent magnet pair, and the short side of the eddy current coil is perpendicular to the long side. The protective sheath appearance is the cylinder, inside cavity, both ends opening and processing have the screw thread. During assembly, N poles of the permanent magnets in the permanent magnet pairs are inserted into the protective sleeve relatively coaxially, an air gap is reserved between the N poles, the eddy current coil is circumferentially arranged on the inner wall of the middle part of the protective sleeve, and two ends of the protective sleeve are tightly screwed and sealed by screw caps. During detection, the transducers are required to be used in pairs and placed in a pipeline to be detected at intervals. The invention can realize the generation of spiral guided waves with any lead angle and the receiving and detecting of pipeline defect echoes with any direction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic detection in nondestructive detection, relates to an interpolated electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided wave transducer, and in particular relates to an electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided wave transducer applied to detection of a multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipe connection interface of a fusion reactor water-cooling solid cladding module and a working method thereof.
Background
The fusion reactor water-cooling solid cladding module is one of important components in the fusion reactor, and the multi-bending double-wall cooling pipe in the structure has the functions of cooling the cladding module and ensuring the operation of the fusion reactor water-cooling solid cladding module at a safe temperature. In the preparation process, the defect of debonding and the like of a connecting interface in the multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipe can occur, and the defect can seriously reduce the heat transfer and cooling efficiency of the multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipe and influence the integral safe operation of the fusion reactor water-cooling solid cladding module. Therefore, it is very important to perform nondestructive testing on the multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipe connection interface. Electromagnetic ultrasonic detection is one of novel and effective nondestructive detection technologies for metal components, and can be used for detecting defects of a multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipe connecting interface.
Electromagnetic ultrasonic transducers are the key of electromagnetic ultrasonic detection, namely the probe part of ultrasonic detection, and are core components for generating and receiving ultrasonic waves. The electromagnetic ultrasonic detection technology utilizes an electromagnetic combination structure to excite and receive ultrasonic waves, an energized lead of the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection technology generates an eddy current effect on the surface of a detected workpiece, eddy current particles of the energized lead are subjected to mechanical force, and vibration generates ultrasonic waves; the coil of which is capable of receiving ultrasonic echo signals. In the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection application process, different types of ultrasonic waves can be generated due to different coil shapes and bias magnetic fields. And carrying out nondestructive testing on the double-wall pipe according to the propagation principle of ultrasonic waves.
When the ultrasonic guided wave technology pulse reflection method adopted in the traditional research is used for detecting the pipeline, only the defects which are mutually perpendicular to the propagation direction of the guided wave can be detected. Circumferential defects can be detected by adopting ultrasonic guided waves which propagate along the axial direction of the pipeline; ultrasonic guided waves propagating along the circumference of the pipe can detect axial defects. The crack defect trend of the multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipe connecting interface in the real situation is not limited to circumferential cracks and axial cracks, and also comprises oblique cracks. The circumferential and axial guided waves are limited by the directivity of the sound field, so that the full detection of the oblique crack cannot be completed, and the actual requirement of electromagnetic ultrasonic pipeline detection cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an interpolated electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided wave transducer and a working method thereof, which can generate electromagnetic ultrasonic guided waves transmitted along the oblique direction of a multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipeline, thereby realizing the generation of spiral guided waves with any lead angle of the multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipeline and the detection of defects of connecting interfaces of pipelines with any direction.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an interpolation formula electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided wave transducer can detect many bending type double-walled cooling tube connection interface in the fusion reactor water-cooled solid covering module, and this transducer includes that both ends open and processing threaded protective sheath 1, N utmost point are relative inserts the permanent magnet pair 2 in protective sheath 1, installs vortex coil 3 on protective sheath 1 inner wall in the circumference additional, and is used for encapsulating protective sheath 1 both ends spiral cover 4; the N-terminal surfaces of the permanent magnet pairs 2 are arranged in parallel and are separated by an air gap, and the N-terminal surfaces of the permanent magnet pairs 2 are inclined surfaces forming a preset angle with the axis.
The permanent magnet pair 2 consists of two cylindrical permanent magnets which are coaxially arranged, and the sizes, the shapes and the materials of the two cylindrical permanent magnets are the same.
The eddy current coil 3 is a flexible reverse coil and is additionally arranged on the inner wall of the middle part of the protective sleeve, the plane-view eddy current coil is in a reverse shape, the long side along the axis direction of the sleeve is a working lead, the short side parallel to the end face of the protective sleeve is an end line, the working lead is perpendicular to the end line, and the axial length of the working lead is greater than the air gap between the permanent magnet pairs, so that the overlapping magnetic field direction on the vertical plane in the connecting line of the N-terminal surface is ensured to be obliquely incident on the eddy current coil and the inner wall of the pipe fitting to be tested.
The material of the protective sleeve 1 is nonmetal with high wear resistance and good mechanical property.
The transducer is screwed and sealed by adopting the screw caps at the two ends of the protective sleeve after the assembly is completed, the permanent magnets are propped against the screw caps under the action of the same-level repulsive force to realize axial position fixation, and the air gap between the two permanent magnets in the pair of the permanent magnets can be changed by adjusting the rotation angle of the screw caps and the matched part of the protective sleeve, so that the incidence angle of the bias magnetic field is adjusted.
Firstly, an experimental system is built, wherein the experimental system comprises a signal generator, a power amplifier, an impedance matching circuit, a first transducer, a second transducer, a filter, an amplifier and a multichannel oscilloscope which are sequentially connected; the signal generator generates a high-frequency pulse signal, the signal is firstly amplified in amplitude by a power amplifier, and then is used for driving an eddy current coil in the first energy converter after the signal energy transfer efficiency is improved by an impedance matching circuit, so that the eddy current coil excites eddy current in the multi-bending double-wall cooling tube; the inclined magnetic field generated by the first transducer acts on the excited vortex to generate Lorentz force, so that spiral guided waves are generated in the multi-bending double-wall cooling pipe; meanwhile, based on reversibility of the effect, after the spiral guided wave is reflected by a defect of a connecting interface, particle vibration caused by reflected sound pressure changes the output electromotive force of an eddy current coil in a second energy converter under the action of a magnetic field of the second energy converter, and a generated voltage signal is amplified and filtered and then is input into a multichannel oscilloscope for signal display, data recording and analysis, so that an obvious wave packet, namely a defect wave packet, appears between a starting wave packet and a Guan Waibi wave packet of the voltage signal, and the defect exists at the connecting interface of the detected multi-bending double-wall cooling tube; and pulling the transducer, and repeating the steps to realize full-circumference electromagnetic ultrasonic detection of each axial position of the multi-bending double-wall cooling tube.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. compared with the traditional piezoelectric ultrasonic detection, the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection has the following advantages in practical application: the requirements on the tested workpiece are low, the ultrasonic waves can be transmitted and received back to the tested workpiece without contacting the tested workpiece, so that the surface of the tested workpiece does not need special cleaning, and the rougher surface can also be directly subjected to flaw detection; the electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer does not need any coupling medium, and because the electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer emits and receives ultrasonic waves by virtue of electromagnetic effect, the energy conversion is carried out in a skin-seeking layer on the surface of a tested workpiece; the application range is wide, and the electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer can generate ultrasonic spiral guided waves with different lead angles through changing the permanent magnet.
2. The eddy current coil adopts a zigzag structure, when high-frequency high-voltage alternating current is supplied to the two ends of the eddy current coil, eddy current is generated on the near surface of the pipe fitting to be tested, eddy current particles are subjected to Lorentz force under the action of a bias magnetic field, and electromagnetic ultrasonic guided waves are generated by vibration in the pipe fitting to be tested. The angle of oblique incidence of the bias magnetic field can be changed by adjusting the air gap of the permanent magnet to the N-pole end, so that spiral guided waves with any lift angle can be emitted.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the transducer.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the transducer permanent magnet pair.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the eddy current coil of the transducer.
Fig. 4 shows the placement of the transducer in detection.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the experimental system
The label is as follows: 1. the device comprises a protective sleeve, a permanent magnet pair, an eddy current coil, a spiral cover, a first transducer, a second transducer and a multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipe.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, an interpolated electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided wave transducer for detecting a multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipe connection interface mainly comprises a permanent magnet pair 2, an eddy current coil 3, a protective sleeve 1 and a spiral cover 4, wherein the permanent magnet pair 2 consists of two cylindrical permanent magnets with the same size, shape and material, the N pole end face of the permanent magnet pair 2 is an inclined plane with a certain angle with an axis, and the angle is between 30 degrees and 60 degrees. The eddy current coil 3 is a flexible return coil, the long side of which is parallel to the axis of the permanent magnet pair, and the short side of which is perpendicular to the long side. The protective sleeve 1 is cylindrical in shape, hollow in the inside, and provided with threads at two ends, and the two ends are opened. During assembly, the permanent magnet is inserted into the protective sleeve 1 relatively coaxially to the N pole, an air gap is reserved between the N poles, the eddy current coil 3 is circumferentially arranged on the inner wall of the protective sleeve 1, and two ends of the protective sleeve 1 are screwed and sealed by adopting the screw caps 4.
As shown in fig. 2, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the permanent magnet pair 2 is a cylindrical magnet, the end face of the N pole is an inclined plane which forms a certain angle with the axis of the permanent magnet, when the permanent magnet pair 2 is assembled, the N pole of the permanent magnet pair 2 is relatively and coaxially arranged in the protective sleeve 1, and the N pole end face of the permanent magnet pair 2 is parallel and a certain air gap is reserved. The direction of the superimposed magnetic field on the vertical plane in the connecting line of the N-terminal surface of the permanent magnet pair 2 can be obliquely incident on the inner wall of the eddy current coil and the multi-bending double-wall cooling tube.
As shown in fig. 3, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the eddy current coil 3 is additionally arranged on the inner wall of the middle part of the protective sleeve 1, the coil is in a reverse-folded shape when viewed on the plane, the long side along the axial direction of the sleeve is a working lead, the short side parallel to the end face of the protective sleeve is an end line, the working lead is perpendicular to the end line, and the length of the working lead is larger than the air gap between the permanent magnet pairs; after the power is on, the current in the working wire is oblique to the bias magnetic field, oblique ultrasonic guided waves are generated in the multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipe wall due to mechanical vibration, and electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided waves are formed in the multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipe wall due to the fact that ultrasonic waves propagate along the pipe wall.
As shown in fig. 4, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the transducer is screwed and closed by adopting a screw cap after assembly is completed, and the permanent magnet is screwed to the screw caps at the two ends against the repulsive force of the same level so as to fix the axial position of the magnet; the size of the air gap between the permanent magnet pairs can be changed by adjusting the rotation angle of the matching part of the spiral cover and the protective sleeve, so that the incidence angle of the bias magnetic field is adjusted; when in detection, the transducers are required to be used in pairs, the first transducer 5 is used as a transducer for transmitting the spiral guided wave, the second transducer 6 is used as a transducer for receiving the spiral guided wave echo signal, the two transducers are placed in the multi-bending double-wall cooling pipe 7 at a certain distance, and the defect detection of the multi-bending double-wall cooling pipe 7 can be realized by introducing an excitation signal; and the position of the transducer is adjusted by pulling, so that the defect detection of different axial positions can be completed.
As shown in FIG. 5, the experimental system for the application of the multi-bending type double-wall cooling tube interpolation type electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided wave transducer comprises a signal generator, a power amplifier, an impedance matching circuit, a first transducer, a second transducer, a filter, an amplifier and a multi-channel oscilloscope which are sequentially connected. The signal generator generates a high-frequency pulse signal, the signal is firstly amplified in amplitude by the power amplifier, and then is used for driving the eddy current coil in the first energy converter after the processing of improving the energy transfer efficiency of the signal by the impedance matching circuit, so that the eddy current coil excites eddy current in the multi-bending type double-wall cooling tube. The oblique magnetic field generated by the first transducer acts on the excited vortex to generate Lorentz force, so that spiral guided waves are generated in the multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipe. Meanwhile, based on reversibility of the effect, after the spiral guided wave is reflected by a defect of a connecting interface, particle vibration caused by reflected sound pressure changes the output electromotive force of an eddy current coil in a second energy converter under the action of a magnetic field of the second energy converter, and a generated voltage signal is amplified and filtered and then is input into a multichannel oscilloscope for signal display, data recording and analysis, so that an obvious wave packet, namely a defect wave packet, appears between a starting wave packet and a Guan Waibi wave packet of the voltage signal, and the defect exists at the connecting interface of the detected multi-bending double-wall cooling tube. The transducer is pulled, the steps are repeated, and full-circumference electromagnetic ultrasonic detection of each axial position of the multi-bending double-wall cooling tube can be achieved.
Claims (5)
1. An interpolated electromagnetic ultrasonic helical guided wave transducer, characterized in that: the device comprises a multi-bending type double-wall cooling pipe connecting interface in a fusion reactor water-cooling solid cladding module, a transducer, a water-cooling solid cladding module and a water-cooling solid cladding module, wherein the transducer comprises a protective sleeve (1) with two ends open and provided with threads, a permanent magnet pair (2) with N poles inserted into the protective sleeve (1) oppositely, an eddy current coil (3) arranged on the inner wall of the protective sleeve (1) in the circumferential direction, and screw covers (4) used for packaging the two ends of the protective sleeve (1); the N-pole end faces of the permanent magnet pairs (2) are arranged in parallel and are separated by an air gap, and the N-pole end faces of the permanent magnet pairs (2) are inclined planes forming a preset angle with the axis;
the transducer is screwed and sealed by adopting the screw caps at the two ends of the protective sleeve after the assembly is completed, the permanent magnets are propped against the screw caps under the action of the same-level repulsive force to realize axial position fixation, and the air gap between the two permanent magnets in the pair of the permanent magnets can be changed by adjusting the rotation angle of the screw caps and the matched part of the protective sleeve, so that the incidence angle of the bias magnetic field is adjusted.
2. The interpolated electromagnetic ultrasonic helical guided wave transducer of claim 1, wherein: the permanent magnet pair (2) consists of two cylindrical permanent magnets which are coaxially arranged, and the sizes, the shapes and the materials of the two cylindrical permanent magnets are the same.
3. The interpolated electromagnetic ultrasonic helical guided wave transducer of claim 1, wherein: the eddy current coil (3) is a flexible reverse coil, and is additionally arranged on the inner wall of the middle part of the protective sleeve, the eddy current coil seen by the plane is in a reverse shape, the long side along the axial direction of the sleeve is a working lead, the short side parallel to the end face of the protective sleeve is an end line, the working lead is perpendicular to the end line, and the axial length of the working lead is greater than the air gap between the permanent magnet pairs, so that the superimposed magnetic field direction on the vertical plane in the connecting line of the N-terminal surface is ensured to be obliquely incident on the eddy current coil and the inner wall of the pipe fitting to be tested.
4. The interpolated electromagnetic ultrasonic helical guided wave transducer of claim 1, wherein: the material of the protective sleeve (1) is nonmetal with high wear resistance and good mechanical property.
5. The method of operating an interpolated electromagnetic ultrasonic helical guided wave transducer of any of claims 1 to 4, characterized by: firstly, an experimental system is built, wherein the experimental system comprises a signal generator, a power amplifier, an impedance matching circuit, a first transducer, a second transducer, a filter, an amplifier and a multichannel oscilloscope which are sequentially connected; the signal generator generates a high-frequency pulse signal, the signal is firstly amplified in amplitude by a power amplifier, and then is used for driving an eddy current coil in the first energy converter after the signal energy transfer efficiency is improved by an impedance matching circuit, so that the eddy current coil excites eddy current in the multi-bending double-wall cooling tube; the inclined magnetic field generated by the first transducer acts on the excited vortex to generate Lorentz force, so that spiral guided waves are generated in the multi-bending double-wall cooling pipe; meanwhile, based on reversibility of the effect, after the spiral guided wave is reflected by a defect of a connecting interface, particle vibration caused by reflected sound pressure changes the output electromotive force of an eddy current coil in a second energy converter under the action of a magnetic field of the second energy converter, and a generated voltage signal is amplified and filtered and then is input into a multichannel oscilloscope for signal display, data recording and analysis, so that an obvious wave packet, namely a defect wave packet, appears between a starting wave packet and a Guan Waibi wave packet of the voltage signal, and the defect exists at the connecting interface of the detected multi-bending double-wall cooling tube; and pulling the transducer, and repeating the steps to realize full-circumference electromagnetic ultrasonic detection of each axial position of the multi-bending double-wall cooling tube.
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| CN202110396972.7A CN113176342B (en) | 2021-04-13 | 2021-04-13 | Internally-inserted electromagnetic ultrasonic spiral guided wave transducer and working method thereof |
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| CN114152672B (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2024-03-12 | 西安交通大学 | Flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection probe, system and method |
| CN114841221B (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-09 | 南京航空航天大学 | Method for extracting pipeline ultrasonic spiral guided wave characteristic path signal |
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| CN113176342A (en) | 2021-07-27 |
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