CN114152672B - Flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection probe, system and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
A flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection probe, a system and a method thereof, wherein the system comprises a flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection probe composed of a flexible bias magnetic field coil and a flexible array excitation receiving coil, a long pulse current source, a multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module, a multi-channel time sequence control and signal acquisition module and a computer provided with control and signal acquisition processing software. The detection method is that the flexible array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection probe is arranged on the surface of a test piece to be detected, the multipath time sequence control and signal acquisition module firstly triggers the long pulse current source to drive the bias magnetic field coil to generate a long pulse bias magnetic field, and when the magnetic field intensity is close to a peak value, the multipath electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module is sequentially triggered in time sequence to drive the array excitation receiving coil to generate eddy current, so that excitation and receiving of phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic are realized. The invention can be used for non-contact, high-sensitivity and rapid detection of metal structures such as rough surfaces or curved surfaces, and greatly expands the application range of ultrasonic detection technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic ultrasonic detection probes and system development, in particular to a flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection probe, a system and a method.
Background
Ultrasonic detection is one of five conventional nondestructive detection methods, and is widely applied to safety monitoring detection in important fields such as nuclear power, aerospace, energy and the like. The conventional piezoelectric ultrasonic detection technology has higher requirements on the surface of a test piece, and the detection process needs a liquid coupling agent and is not suitable for extreme environments such as high temperature, radiation, strong corrosion and the like. The electromagnetic ultrasonic detection technology has the advantages that the probe is not in contact with the surface of the test piece, a couplant is not needed in the detection process, various waveforms can be flexibly excited, and the special advantages of the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection technology are shown under special working conditions such as rough surface, high temperature and irradiation of the test piece, and the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection technology is an important research direction in the current ultrasonic detection field.
The traditional electromagnetic ultrasonic probe generally adopts a permanent magnet-coil structure or an electromagnet-coil structure, is rigid and large in volume, and is not suitable for the conditions of complex surfaces such as curved surfaces and narrow detection space. The electromagnetic ultrasonic probe adopting the double-coil structure is flexible in whole and small in volume, and has certain detection advantages under the condition that the surface of a test piece is complex. But because the transduction efficiency is low, the ultrasonic energy excited by the single-channel flexible electromagnetic ultrasonic probe is small, the detection sensitivity is poor, and the detection efficiency is low. The ultrasonic phased array detection technology is based on the acoustic wave interference principle, can enhance the acoustic wave energy in a specific area, improves the detection sensitivity, and has higher scanning speed, but the existing electromagnetic ultrasonic phased array system can only carry a rigid probe.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection probe, a system and a method, which can realize non-contact, high-sensitivity and rapid ultrasonic nondestructive detection of a metal structure such as a rough surface or a curved surface under severe working conditions such as high temperature and irradiation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection probe consists of a flexible bias magnetic field coil 1 and a flexible array excitation receiving coil 2, wherein the flexible bias magnetic field coil 1 is a runway-shaped coil, the flexible array excitation receiving coil 2 is a coil set of n small-size runway-shaped coils which are sequentially arranged on the same plane, the flexible bias magnetic field coil 1 and the flexible array excitation receiving coil 2 are arranged in an upper layer and a lower layer mode, and the whole probe is flexible and can be suitable for detecting the surface shape of a test piece 7 to be detected.
Preferably, the total length of the array excitation receiving coil 2 is smaller than the width of the flexible bias magnetic field coil, and the array coil 2 is placed at the center of the flexible bias magnetic field coil 1, so that n coils in the flexible array excitation receiving coil 2 are all placed in the bias magnetic field during the ultrasonic excitation receiving process.
A flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection system comprises a flexible bias magnetic field coil 1, a flexible array excitation receiving coil 2, a long pulse current source 3, a multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module 4, a multi-channel time sequence control and signal acquisition module 5 and a computer 6 provided with control and signal acquisition processing software; the flexible bias magnetic field coil 1 is connected with the long pulse current source 3, each coil array element in the flexible array excitation receiving coil 2 is connected with each channel of the multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module 4 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the other end of the long pulse current source 3 is connected with the multi-channel time sequence control and signal acquisition module 5, the other end of each channel of the multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module 4 is connected with the multi-channel time sequence control and signal acquisition module 5, and the other end of the multi-channel time sequence control and signal acquisition module 5 is connected with the computer 6 provided with control and signal acquisition processing software.
The multi-path time sequence control and signal acquisition module 5 is matched with the computer 6 provided with control and signal acquisition processing software, and can control the triggering time sequence of each module of the system. Firstly, a long pulse current source 3 is triggered to charge long pulse current into a flexible bias magnetic field coil 1 to generate a bias magnetic field, after the long pulse reaches a peak value and a stable stage, a multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module 4 is sequentially triggered to charge short pulse current into n coils corresponding to a flexible array excitation receiving coil 2 according to a certain time sequence, a plurality of eddy currents are generated on the surface and near surface areas of a test piece 7 to be tested, particles in the plurality of eddy current areas on the surface and near surface of the test piece to be tested vibrate respectively under the action of the bias magnetic field, a plurality of ultrasonic waves with phase differences are generated, interference superposition occurs in the propagation process, the sound wave amplitude of a specific area is increased, and the sound pressure is enhanced, so that electromagnetic ultrasonic phased array excitation is realized.
The acquisition triggering time of the multi-channel time sequence control and signal acquisition module 5 is the same as the triggering time of the first channel of the multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module 4, n coils in the flexible array excitation receiving coil 2 respectively receive ultrasonic waves at the same time when long pulses reach peak values and in a stable stage, the ultrasonic waves are sent into n channels corresponding to the multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module 4, then the ultrasonic waves enter the multi-channel time sequence control and signal acquisition module 5 for analog-to-digital conversion, and finally the multi-channel signals enter the computer 6 for delay compensation, superposition and other post-processing.
A flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection method comprises the following steps:
1) Time sequence editing: the trigger time sequences of n channels in the multichannel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module 4 are set based on an ultrasonic phased array focusing deflection rule, and the sound range difference deltas of each coil array element in the flexible array excitation receiving coil 2 from a target detection area is calculated according to the actual detection requirement of a test piece i Dividing the sound velocity c of the test piece material to be tested by the sound velocity c of the test piece material to be tested, and calculating delay time delta t i ＝Δs i C; the triggering time of the long pulse current source 3 is earlier than that of the multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module 4, and the pulse length is enough large so that the excitation and the reception of n channels of the multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module 4 are completed in a time period when the long pulse reaches a peak value and is stable; inputting the trigger time sequence into control software of the computer 6;
2) Phased array excitation and reception: according to a set triggering time sequence, a computer 6 triggers a long pulse current source 3 to introduce a long pulse current into a flexible bias magnetic field coil 1 to generate a bias magnetic field, and sequentially triggers n channels of a multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module 4 according to the set time sequence when the long pulse reaches a peak value and is in a stable stage, and sequentially introduces short pulse current into n corresponding coils in a flexible array excitation receiving coil 2 to complete electromagnetic ultrasonic phased array excitation and reception;
3) Signal processing and analysis: the computer 6 provided with control and signal acquisition processing software is adopted to perform processes such as averaging, filtering, delay compensation, superposition and the like on the multichannel signals, the amplitude of the defect signal is increased, and the position of the defect of the test piece is calculated according to the sound velocity and the defect signal time corresponding to the test piece to be tested.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) The flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection probe is flexible, does not need a coupling agent, is in non-contact with the surface of a test piece, can be widely applied to nondestructive detection of a metal structure with rough surface and complex shape under severe working conditions such as high temperature, irradiation and the like, and greatly expands the application range of ultrasonic detection technology.
2) The flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection system can be provided with the flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic probe to realize ultrasonic phased array excitation and reception, so that the defect that the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe with a double-coil structure is low in transduction efficiency and small in excitation ultrasonic energy is effectively overcome, and the sensitivity and detection efficiency of flexible electromagnetic ultrasonic detection are greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection probe and system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a flexible bias field coil and a flexible array excitation receive coil.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of timing control and trigger signals.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation of a flexible phased array.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise indicated, the terms used herein are merely for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and are not intended to limit embodiments according to the present application. Exemplary embodiments according to the present application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These exemplary embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
As shown in fig. 2, the embodiment is a flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection probe, which is composed of a flexible bias magnetic field coil 1 and a flexible array excitation receiving coil 2, wherein the flexible bias magnetic field coil 1 is a 50-turn runway-shaped coil tightly wound by enameled wires with the diameter of 1mm, the coil is covered on a flexible film, each array element coil in the flexible array excitation receiving coil 2 is a 15-turn runway-shaped coil tightly wound by enameled wires with the diameter of 0.1mm, n array elements are covered on the flexible film in a straight line arrangement, the array element gaps are 2mm, and the total arrangement length is smaller than the width of the flexible bias magnetic field coil, namely n is required to meet the requirement of 5n-2 and is less than or equal to 100. The flexible bias magnetic field coil 1 and the flexible array excitation receiving coil 2 are fixed at the upper layer and the lower layer, the array coil 2 is placed at the center position of the magnetic field coil 1 to form a flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection probe and is placed near the surface of a test piece to be tested, and the flexible array excitation receiving coil 2 is placed between the flexible bias magnetic field coil 1 and the test piece to be tested.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment is a flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection system, which comprises a flexible bias magnetic field coil 1, a flexible array excitation receiving coil 2, a long pulse current source 3, a multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module 4, a multi-channel time sequence control and signal acquisition module 5, and a computer 6 provided with control and signal acquisition processing software; the flexible bias magnetic field coil 1 is connected with the long pulse current source 3, each coil array element in the flexible array excitation receiving coil 2 is connected with each channel of the multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module 4 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the other end of the long pulse current source 3 is connected with the multi-channel time sequence control and signal acquisition module 5, the other end of each channel of the multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module 4 is connected with the multi-channel time sequence control and signal acquisition module 5, and the other end of the multi-channel time sequence control and signal acquisition module 5 is connected with the computer 6 provided with control and signal acquisition processing software.
As shown in fig. 3, the multi-path timing control and signal acquisition module 5 cooperates with a computer 6 equipped with control and signal acquisition processing software to control the trigger timing of each module of the system. Firstly, a long pulse current source 3 is triggered to feed a long pulse current 8 into a flexible bias magnetic field coil 1 to generate a bias magnetic field, a multichannel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module 4 is triggered to feed a short pulse current 9 into n coils corresponding to the flexible array excitation receiving coil 2 in sequence according to a certain time sequence when the long pulse reaches a peak value and is in a stable stage T, a plurality of eddy currents are generated on the surface and near surface areas of a test piece 7 to be tested, particles in the eddy current areas on the surface and near surface of the test piece to be tested vibrate respectively under the action of the bias magnetic field to generate a plurality of ultrasonic waves with phase differences, interference superposition occurs in the propagation process, and the sound wave amplitude of a specific area increases sound pressure to strengthen, so that electromagnetic ultrasonic phased array excitation is realized.
The acquisition triggering time of the multi-channel time sequence control and signal acquisition module 5 is the same as the triggering time of the first channel of the multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module 4, n coils in the flexible array excitation receiving coil 2 respectively receive ultrasonic waves 10 at the same time when long pulses reach peak values and in a stable stage, the n coils are sent into n channels corresponding to the multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module 4, then the signals enter the multi-channel time sequence control and signal acquisition module 5 for analog-to-digital conversion, and finally the multi-channel signals enter the computer 6 for delay compensation, superposition and other post-processing.
With reference to fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the steps of the method for detecting the arched aluminum plate test piece by adopting the flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection probe and the system are described as follows:
1) Time sequence editing: the trigger time sequences of n channels in the multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module 4 are set based on the ultrasonic phased array focusing deflection rule, for example, concentrated acoustic energy is used for detecting the position right below the center of the array excitation receiving coil 2 and x mm, the region can be regarded as a focus, and the sound path difference deltas of each coil array element in the flexible array excitation receiving coil 2 from the focus is calculated i Dividing the sound velocity c of the test piece material to be tested by the sound velocity c of the test piece material to be tested, and calculating delay time delta t i ＝Δs i C; long pulse current source 3 the long pulse current source triggers 5 mus earlier than the triggering time of the multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module 4, the pulse length is 10ms, the length of the short pulse current 9 is 1 mus, the total exciting and receiving time of n channels of the multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module 4 is in microsecond level, and the method can be completed in the time period that the long pulse reaches peak value and is stable; inputting the trigger time sequence into control software of the computer 6;
2) Phased array excitation and reception: according to the set triggering time sequence, the computer 6 firstly triggers the long pulse current source 3 to introduce the long pulse current 8 into the flexible bias magnetic field coil 1, generates the bias magnetic field 12 vertical to the surface of the test piece on the surface and near-surface area of the arched aluminum plate test piece, firstly triggers the 1 channel and the n channel in the stable phase T when the long pulse reaches the peak value, and introduces the short pulse current into the 1 array element coil and the n array element coilPulse current 9, generating eddy currents, Δt, in the arched aluminum plate test piece 1 After the time, triggering the 2 channel and the n-1 channel again, introducing the same current to the 2 array element coil and the n-1 array element coil, generating vortex in the arched aluminum plate test piece, and generating delta t 2 After the time, triggering a 3 channel and an n-2 channel, introducing the same current to the 3 array element coil and the n-2 array element coil, and the like until all the array element coils are excited, under the action of a bias magnetic field, enabling mass points in the eddy current area of the surface and the near-surface array of the aluminum plate test piece to be subjected to the action of Lorentz force F, generating a plurality of ultrasonic transverse waves 13 with the propagation frequency of 1MHz perpendicular to the surface of the test piece, focusing at the position x mm away from the surface of the arched aluminum plate test piece, and increasing the sound pressure of the area sound wave amplitude; the acquisition triggering time is the same as that of the 1-channel and n-channel excitation triggering time, n array element coils in the flexible array excitation receiving coil 2 respectively receive signals 10 and send the signals into corresponding channels in the multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module 4, and the multi-channel time sequence control and signal acquisition module 5 acquires and analog-digital converts n-channel signals and sends the signals into the computer 6 for signal processing analysis;
3) Signal processing and analysis: the computer 6 provided with control and signal acquisition processing software is adopted to perform processes such as averaging, filtering, delay compensation, superposition and the like on n channel signals, the amplitude of a defect signal is increased, the signal to noise ratio is improved, and the position d=0.5 ct of the defect 11 of the test piece is calculated according to the sound velocity c of the test piece of the aluminum plate and the defect signal time t.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection probe which characterized in that: the detection probe consists of a flexible bias magnetic field coil (1) and a flexible array excitation receiving coil (2), wherein the flexible bias magnetic field coil (1) is a runway-shaped coil, the flexible array excitation receiving coil (2) is a coil set of n small-size runway-shaped coils which are sequentially arranged on the same plane, the flexible bias magnetic field coil (1) and the flexible array excitation receiving coil (2) are arranged in an upper layer and a lower layer, and the whole probe is flexible and can be suitable for detecting the surface shape of a test piece (7) to be detected;
the total length of the arrangement of the flexible array excitation receiving coils (2) is smaller than the width of the flexible bias magnetic field coils, and the array coils (2) are arranged at the center of the flexible bias magnetic field coils (1).
2. The utility model provides a flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detecting system which characterized in that: the system comprises the flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection probe, a long pulse current source (3), a multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module (4), a multi-channel time sequence control and signal acquisition module (5) and a computer (6) provided with control and signal acquisition processing software, wherein the flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection probe is disclosed in claim 1; the flexible bias magnetic field coil (1) of the flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection probe is connected with the long pulse current source (3), each coil array element in the flexible array excitation receiving coil (2) of the flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection probe is connected with each channel of the multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module (4) in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the other end of the long pulse current source (3) is connected with the multi-channel time sequence control and signal acquisition module (5), the other end of each channel of the multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module (4) is connected with the multi-channel time sequence control and signal acquisition module (5), and the other end of the multi-channel time sequence control and signal acquisition module (5) is connected with the computer (6) provided with control and signal acquisition processing software.
3. A flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection system according to claim 2 and wherein: the multi-path time sequence control and signal acquisition module (5) is matched with a computer (6) provided with control and signal acquisition processing software to control the triggering time sequence of each module of the system; firstly, a long pulse current source (3) is triggered to feed a long pulse current into a flexible bias magnetic field coil (1) to generate a bias magnetic field, a multichannel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module (4) is triggered to feed short pulse current into n coils corresponding to the flexible array excitation receiving coil (2) in sequence according to a certain time sequence when the long pulse reaches a peak value and is in a stable stage, a plurality of eddy currents are generated on the surface and near surface areas of a test piece (7) to be tested, particles in the eddy current areas on the surface and near surface of the test piece to be tested vibrate respectively under the action of the bias magnetic field to generate a plurality of ultrasonic waves with phase differences, interference superposition occurs in the propagation process, and the sound wave amplitude of a specific area increases sound pressure to strengthen so as to realize electromagnetic ultrasonic phased array excitation.
4. A flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection system according to claim 2 and wherein: the acquisition triggering time of the multichannel time sequence control and signal acquisition module (5) is the same as the triggering time of the first channel of the multichannel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module (4), n coils in the flexible array excitation receiving coil (2) respectively receive ultrasonic waves at the same time when long pulses reach peak values and in a stable stage, the ultrasonic waves are sent into the corresponding n channels in the multichannel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module (4), then the ultrasonic waves enter the multichannel time sequence control and signal acquisition module (5) for analog-to-digital conversion, and finally multichannel signals enter the computer (6) for delay compensation and post-superposition processing.
5. A method of detecting a flexible phased array electromagnetic ultrasonic detection system according to any of claims 2 to 4, wherein:
1) Time sequence editing: the trigger time sequences of n channels in the multichannel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module (4) are set based on an ultrasonic phased array focusing deflection rule, and the sound path difference of each coil array element in the flexible array excitation receiving coil (2) from a target detection area is calculated according to the actual detection requirement of a test pieces i Dividing the sound velocity c of the test piece material to be tested by the sound velocity c of the test piece material to be tested, and calculating delay time fathert i =∆s i C; the triggering time of the long pulse current source (3) is earlier than that of the multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module (4), and the length of the long pulse is enough large so that the excitation and the reception of n channels of the multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module (4) are completed in a time period when the long pulse reaches a peak value and is stable; inputting the trigger time sequence into control software of a computer (6);
2) Phased array excitation and reception: according to a set triggering time sequence, a computer (6) firstly triggers a long pulse current source (3) to feed a long pulse current into a flexible bias magnetic field coil (1) to generate a bias magnetic field, and then sequentially triggers n channels of a multi-channel electromagnetic ultrasonic signal transmitting and receiving module (4) according to the set time sequence, and sequentially feeds short pulse current into corresponding n coils in a flexible array excitation receiving coil (2) to complete excitation and reception of an electromagnetic ultrasonic phased array;
3) Signal processing and analysis: and (3) carrying out averaging, filtering, delay compensation and superposition processing on the multichannel signals by adopting a computer (6) provided with control and signal acquisition processing software, increasing the amplitude of the defect signals, and calculating the position of the defects of the test piece according to the sound velocity and the defect signal time corresponding to the test piece to be tested.
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| CN114152672A (en) | 2022-03-08 |
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