CN113161725A - Metal cavity millimeter wave antenna - Google Patents
Metal cavity millimeter wave antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN113161725A CN113161725A CN202110266697.7A CN202110266697A CN113161725A CN 113161725 A CN113161725 A CN 113161725A CN 202110266697 A CN202110266697 A CN 202110266697A CN 113161725 A CN113161725 A CN 113161725A
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
Abstract
The invention discloses a metal cavity millimeter wave antenna, which comprises a metal cover plate, wherein four radiation ports are formed in the metal cover plate; the metal cavity is used for receiving electromagnetic waves to generate resonance; the four metal blocks are uniformly arranged in the metal cavity, are connected with the bottom surface of the cavity and share the same cavity with the four radiation ports above to form four radiation units, and the upper surface of each metal block is provided with current along the X-axis direction to form a surface current radiation structure; through adding the metal cover plate above the cavity, two sides of each metal block parallel to the Y axis and the radiation port form radiation double slits, which are equivalent to two magnetic current radiation structures. The four radiating units share the same cavity and a feed coupling gap, so that the antenna structure is simplified; the thickness of the antenna is less than one wavelength, and the antenna has the characteristic of low profile; the whole antenna is of a pure metal structure, the problem of dielectric loss is avoided, and the antenna has the characteristics of low profile, high gain, low loss and high efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of millimeter wave antennas, in particular to a metal cavity millimeter wave antenna.
Background
Modern wireless communication networks have become the foundation for supporting economic prosperity and national competitiveness and become the basic platform for human social information sharing and collaboration. With the increase of the requirements of high-speed and high-safety wireless transmission, millimeter waves have the advantages of wide frequency band, narrow beam, high transmission rate, strong anti-interference capability and the like, and are widely researched in the fields of space communication, accurate guidance, high-resolution imaging and the like. Emerging high-speed data transmission millimeter wave wireless systems place great demands on low-profile, high-gain, high-efficiency, and low-cost antennas. As an important component of a wireless communication system, the millimeter wave antenna has an increasing demand in recent years, and has a wide application prospect and an important research value.
The millimeter wave antenna has the defects of high attenuation, poor penetration capability and the like while providing broadband, low time delay and high capacity communication. The traditional microstrip antenna and the substrate integrated cavity antenna can reduce the efficiency of the antenna due to the dielectric loss, and the pure metal structure antenna can avoid the problem of dielectric loss and generally has higher efficiency and gain. The common metal structure antenna is a cavity-backed antenna, a magnetoelectric dipole antenna and the like, and the cavity-backed antenna has a resonant mode mostly in a fundamental mode and cannot achieve a high-gain effect; the side length of the general unit structure of the electromagnetic dipole antenna is about one wavelength, and the efficiency is low.
In recent years, due to the opening of the 60GHz band, the design of the millimeter wave antenna has mainly focused on this band. In the E wave band, because of lower air loss, a good atmospheric window is formed, and the method has a good application prospect. However, the invention of low profile, low loss, high efficiency millimeter wave antennas based on the E-band has been studied very little.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to solve the problem that the millimeter wave antenna cannot have low profile, low loss, high gain and high efficiency performance at the same time.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a metal cavity millimeter wave antenna, which comprises four radiating elements sharing a metal cavity; the whole antenna is respectively provided with a metal cover plate with a radiation opening, a metal cavity for loading a metal block and a feed waveguide from top to bottom layer by layer. The bottom surfaces of the four metal block bodies are connected with the cavity, and each metal block and the upper radiation port form a radiation unit. Each metal block is a simplified surface current, and two parallel radiation longitudinal seams, which are equivalent to two magnetic current radiation structures, are formed by the metal blocks and the radiation ports along the Y-axis direction by adding the metal cover plate above the cavity.
Furthermore, the metal cover plate is composed of a layer of metal plate, four radiation openings are formed in the metal plate, and the metal cover plate is the same as the metal cavity in length and width and is arranged above the metal cavity. The four radiation ports are identical in shape, two adjacent radiation ports are symmetrical about an X axis or a Y axis, and the centers of the two adjacent radiation ports are respectively positioned at one quarter of the side length of the radiation cover plate; the shape of the radiation opening can be rectangular or square, and the side length along the X axis or the Y axis is between 0.5 lambda0～λ0Between (lambda)0The wavelength in the air corresponding to the central working frequency of the antenna) and is larger than the side length of the metal block in the cavity.
Further, the side length of the metal block is between 0.4 lambda0～0.8λ0The length of the metal block surface is less than the length of the radiation opening surface side, and the surface of each metal block is subjected to current along the X-axis direction to form surface current radiation; meanwhile, the metal block and the upper layer radiation port form four gaps, namely an upper gap, a lower gap, a left gap and a right gap, wherein two parallel longitudinal gaps parallel to the Y axis are equivalent to two magnetic current radiation structures, and the electric field at the parallel longitudinal gaps is along the X axis direction and the phase positionSame, the main polarization of the antenna; the upper transverse seam and the lower transverse seam are parallel to the X axis, the electric field at the transverse seam is a cross polarization electric field along the Y axis direction, and because the phases of the cross polarization electric fields at two sides of the same transverse seam are opposite, the cross polarization electric fields can be mutually offset in the far field of the antenna, and the cross polarization level of the antenna is reduced.
Furthermore, a coupling gap is arranged on the bottom surface of the metal cavity and used for coupling electromagnetic waves, and the long side of the coupling gap is parallel to the Y axis and is positioned in the middle of the bottom surface of the cavity.
Furthermore, the metal cavity is square, four metal blocks are uniformly distributed in the cavity in a 2 x 2 mode, the central coordinate of each metal block is the same as that of the radiation opening right above, and the electric field forms the maximum value at the parallel radiation longitudinal seam formed by the metal blocks and the radiation opening surface.
Further, the side length of the metal cavity is between 1.4 lambda0～2.4λ0Correspondingly, the dimension of the side length of each radiation unit is between 0.7 lambda0～1.2λ0In the meantime. The height of the metal cavity is between 0.3 lambda0～λ0The metal block body in the cavity is connected with the bottom of the cavity, and the height of the metal block body is the same as that of the bottom of the cavity.
Furthermore, the feeding waveguide layer and the side wall of the waveguide are provided with protruded ridge-shaped metal which is used for adjusting the impedance matching between the feeding waveguide and the metal cavity.
Furthermore, the thickness of the whole antenna is between 0.5 lambda by adopting a metal machining process0～λ0The low-profile millimeter wave antenna has a simple structure.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention can obtain the following beneficial effects:
1. in the invention, the side length of the metal block is about half wavelength, the surface of the metal block is current along the X-axis direction, and each single metal block is a surface current radiation structure. A metal cover plate with radiation openings is added above the metal cavity, and each metal block and the radiation openings above the metal cover plate form radiation double slits along the Y axis, so that the two metal blocks and the two radiation openings are equivalent to form two magnetic current radiation structures.
2. Each metal block forms a radiation with the radiation openingAnd (4) units. Four units share one cavity and a coupling gap, and the structure is simpler. The dimension of each unit side length is less than one lambda0And the four units share one cavity, so that the size of the antenna is reduced, and meanwhile, the antenna still has higher gain, and the efficiency of the antenna can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the surface current distribution of a metal block according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the electric field distribution at the radiation aperture in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a graph showing simulation results of the gain, efficiency and reflection coefficient of the antenna according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly describe the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a first embodiment of a millimeter wave antenna. The invention aims to provide a metal cavity antenna with low loss, high efficiency and high gain. The millimeter wave antenna is based on a machining process, and comprises a metal cover plate with a radiation opening, a metal cavity for loading a metal block and a feed waveguide from top to bottom layer by layer.
In this embodiment, the electromagnetic wave is transmitted from the metal waveguide into the cavity through the slot in the bottom surface of the metal cavity. The metal cavity has no dielectric loss, so that the loss of the antenna can be reduced, and the efficiency of the antenna is improved. Four metal blocks are loaded in the cavity and combined with the 2 x 2 radiation opening surface to form four radiation units. The four metal blocks are of a surface current radiation structure; two longitudinal seams formed by each metal block and the radiation opening are equivalent magnetic current radiation structures. The millimeter wave antenna provided by the invention has the advantages of low loss, high efficiency and high gain.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the surface current distribution of a metal block according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown by the dotted lines with arrows in the figure, on the surface of the metal block, the current direction is along the X-axis direction, and since the length of the side of the metal block along the X-axis is about half wavelength, each metal block is an in-phase surface current radiation structure.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of electric field distribution of the radiation port surface of the first embodiment, and as shown in the figure, four gaps are formed between the metal block and the upper radiation port. The left side and the right side of each metal block are parallel to the longitudinal seams of the Y axis to generate an in-phase electric field along the X axis direction, as shown by an arrow along the X axis direction in the figure, the in-phase electric field is the main polarization direction of the antenna, and the two parallel longitudinal seams can be equivalent to two magnetic current radiation structures. And the metal block is provided with an upper transverse slit and a lower transverse slit which generate a cross polarization electric field along the Y-axis direction, as shown by an arrow along the Y-axis direction in the figure. Observing the whole antenna, the electric field in the Y direction generated by the transverse seam which is symmetrical about the X axis or the Y axis is reversed and can be mutually counteracted; meanwhile, taking a single metal block 201 as an example, the electric fields of the points a and b and the electric fields of the points c and d are also in opposite phases, so that the electric fields can be mutually counteracted, and the cross polarization level of the antenna is reduced.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the radiation principle of the first embodiment, and the radiation structure of the whole antenna is composed of four metal blocks and a gap between the metal block and the radiation port. As shown by the dotted lines with arrows in the figure, each metal block is a surface current; after the metal cover plate is added, each metal block and the upper radiation opening form two longitudinal seams, and the solid lines with arrows indicate that each longitudinal seam can be equivalent to one magnetic current. The four radiating elements share the same cavity and a coupling gap.
A second embodiment of the millimeter-wave antenna provided by the present invention is shown in fig. 4. The metal cavity millimeter wave antenna comprises a metal cover plate 1, a metal block body 201, a metal cavity 204, a metal cavity 2 and a coupling slot 205. The metal cavity millimeter wave antenna is formed by adopting a plurality of layers of metal plates with different thicknesses based on a machining process.
Wherein, the thickness of the metal cover plate 1 is 0.5mm, the side length range is 5 mm-7 mm, the side length is 6mm in the example, the surface is provided with four radiation ports 101-104, the side length range of each radiation port is 2 mm-2.7 mm, and the length and the width are 2.3mm in the example.
Four metal blocks 201 and 204 are located in the metal cavity 2, and each metal block has a surface with current along the X-axis direction, and is a surface current radiation structure. The bottom surfaces of the metal blocks are connected with the metal cavity, are positioned right below the four radiation ports, have the height of 0.8mm, the distance between every two adjacent metal blocks is 3mm, and the side length of each metal block along the Y-axis direction is maximally 2.3mm and minimally 1.6mm, in the example, 2.2 mm; the sides are 2.2mm maximum and 1.6mm minimum, 1.5mm in this example, in the direction of the X-axis. Each metal block and the corresponding radiation port form two longitudinal seams which are equivalent magnetic current radiation structures.
The thickness of the metal cavity 2 is 1.3mm, the thickness of the bottom surface of the metal cavity is 0.5mm, and a coupling gap 205 along the Y-axis direction is formed to couple electromagnetic waves into the metal cavity. The metal block 201-204 and the corresponding radiation port 101-104 above form a radiation structure of four surface currents and eight equivalent magnetic currents, and share the metal cavity 2 and the coupling gap 205.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing simulation results of reflection coefficient and gain according to a second embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, the impedance bandwidth of the metal cavity millimeter wave antenna covers 76 GHz-86 GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 12.5%; the gain reaches a maximum value of 15.4dBi at 82GHz, and the gain is larger than 14dBi in a bandwidth range.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a metal cavity millimeter wave antenna which characterized in that: the whole antenna is respectively provided with a metal cover plate with a radiation port, a metal cavity for loading a metal block and a feed waveguide from top to bottom layer by layer;
the radiation unit comprises a metal cover plate (1) provided with radiation ports, wherein the radiation ports are distributed on the metal cover plate in a 2 x 2 mode, share one metal cavity and form four radiation units;
the cavity (2) is used for loading the metal block and is positioned right below the metal cover plate, and the cavity is used for receiving electromagnetic waves to form resonance;
four metal blocks (201-204), each metal block surface is a surface current radiation structure, the size of the metal block parallel to the X-axis direction is between 0.4 lambda0～0.8λ0Between (lambda)0The wavelength in air corresponding to the antenna center operating frequency); by adding the metal cover plate, each metal block and the upper radiation port form two parallel longitudinal seams along the Y-axis direction to form two magnetic current radiation structures;
each metal block and the upper radiation opening form a radiation unit which comprises a surface current radiation structure and two magnetic current radiation structures.
2. The metal cavity millimeter wave antenna of claim 1, wherein: the side length of the metal cover plate is the same as that of the metal cavity, the radiation opening can be rectangular or square, and the side length is larger than that of the metal block in the cavity.
3. The metal cavity millimeter wave antenna of claim 1, wherein: four radiation openings on the metal cover plate are distributed in a 2X 2 mode, two adjacent radiation openings are symmetrical about an X axis or a Y axis, and the center coordinates are located at one quarter of the side length of the metal cover plate.
4. The metal cavity millimeter wave antenna of claim 1, wherein: four metal blocks are uniformly distributed in the cavity in a 2X 2 mode, each metal block can generate a surface current, and the size of each metal block along the X-axis direction is 0.4 lambda0～0.8λ0Between (lambda)0The wavelength in the air corresponding to the central working frequency of the antenna), and is connected with the bottom surface of the cavity, the central coordinates of each metal block and the radiation port right above are the same, and each metal block and the radiation port above form one radiation unit and form four radiation units together.
5. The millimeter wave antenna with a metal cavity as claimed in claim 1, wherein the four radiation openings of the metal cover plate have a side length greater than that of the metal block, and form four slits parallel to the X axis and the Y axis, respectively, wherein the two longitudinal slits parallel to the Y axis are main polarized radiation slits, and are equivalently two magnetic current radiation structures.
6. The metal cavity millimeter wave antenna of claim 1, wherein: the coupling gap between the feed waveguide and the metal cavity is positioned in the middle of the bottom surface of the cavity.
7. The metal cavity millimeter wave antenna of claim 1, wherein: the height of the metal cavity is less than lambda0(λ0The wavelength in the air corresponding to the central working frequency of the antenna), and the metal block in the cavity is connected with the bottom of the cavity.
8. The metal cavity millimeter wave antenna of claim 1, wherein: the side wall of the feed waveguide is provided with a protruded ridge metal for adjusting the impedance matching between the feed waveguide and the metal cavity.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110266697.7A CN113161725B (en) | 2021-03-11 | 2021-03-11 | Millimeter wave antenna with metal cavity |
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| CN202110266697.7A CN113161725B (en) | 2021-03-11 | 2021-03-11 | Millimeter wave antenna with metal cavity |
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| CN113161725A true CN113161725A (en) | 2021-07-23 |
| CN113161725B CN113161725B (en) | 2024-04-30 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114122730A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-03-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Broadband metal cavity antenna, design method and antenna array |
| CN114792884A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-07-26 | 电子科技大学 | Substrate integrated cavity radiation antenna adopting serial magnetic current feed |
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| CN107154531A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-09-12 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of integrated cavity millimeter wave array antenna of substrate |
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2021
- 2021-03-11 CN CN202110266697.7A patent/CN113161725B/en active Active
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| CN106785404A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-05-31 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of novel embedded broadband dual polarized antenna |
| CN107154531A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-09-12 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of integrated cavity millimeter wave array antenna of substrate |
| CN107293852A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-10-24 | 南京理工大学 | The high-gain millimeter wave antenna of gap waveguide series feed |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| XIAO-CHUAN WANG，YA-XIN ZHU: ""Design of a High-Gain E-band Cavity Array Antenna"", 2020 CROSS STRAIT RADIO SCIENCE & WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (CSRSWTC), pages 2 - 3 * |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114122730A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-03-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Broadband metal cavity antenna, design method and antenna array |
| CN114122730B (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2023-02-07 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Broadband metal cavity antenna, design method and antenna array |
| CN114792884A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-07-26 | 电子科技大学 | Substrate integrated cavity radiation antenna adopting serial magnetic current feed |
| CN114792884B (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2023-04-25 | 电子科技大学 | Substrate integrated cavity radiation antenna adopting serial magnetic current feed |
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