CN113161725B - Millimeter wave antenna with metal cavity - Google Patents
Millimeter wave antenna with metal cavity Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113161725B CN113161725B CN202110266697.7A CN202110266697A CN113161725B CN 113161725 B CN113161725 B CN 113161725B CN 202110266697 A CN202110266697 A CN 202110266697A CN 113161725 B CN113161725 B CN 113161725B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- cavity
- radiation
- cover plate
- millimeter wave
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
Abstract
The invention discloses a metal cavity millimeter wave antenna, which comprises a metal cover plate, wherein the metal cover plate is provided with four radiation ports; the metal cavity is used for receiving electromagnetic waves to generate resonance; four metal blocks are uniformly arranged in the metal cavity, are connected with the bottom surface of the cavity, share the same cavity with four radiation ports above to form four radiation units, and the upper surface of each metal block is provided with current along the X-axis direction to form a plane current radiation structure; by adding a metal cover plate above the cavity, two sides of each metal block parallel to the Y axis and the radiation port form a radiation double slit, which is equivalent to two magnetic current radiation structures. The four radiating units share the same cavity and a feed coupling gap, so that the antenna structure is simplified; the thickness of the antenna is smaller than one wavelength, and the antenna has the characteristic of low profile; the whole antenna is of a pure metal structure, so that the dielectric loss problem is avoided, and the antenna has the characteristics of low profile, high gain, low loss and high efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of millimeter wave antennas, in particular to a metal cavity millimeter wave antenna.
Background
Modern wireless communication networks have become the basis for supporting economic prosperity and national competitiveness, and as the basis platform for human social information sharing and collaboration. With the increase of the requirements of high-speed and high-safety wireless transmission, millimeter waves are widely studied in the fields of space communication, accurate guidance, high-resolution imaging and the like due to the advantages of wide frequency band, narrow beam, high transmission speed, high anti-interference capability and the like. Emerging high-speed data transmission millimeter wave wireless systems have a great need for low profile, high gain, high efficiency, and low cost antennas. As an important component of the wireless communication system, millimeter wave antennas are increasingly demanded in recent years, and have wide application prospects and important research values.
Millimeter wave antennas provide broadband, low-latency, high-capacity communications while also suffer from large attenuation, poor penetration, and the like. The traditional microstrip antenna and substrate integrated cavity antenna can reduce the efficiency of the antenna due to dielectric loss, and the pure metal structure antenna can avoid the problem of dielectric loss and generally has higher efficiency and gain. Common metal structure antennas are back cavity antennas, magnetic electric dipole antennas and the like, and resonance modes of the back cavity antennas are mostly fundamental modes, so that a high gain effect cannot be achieved; the electromagnetic dipole antenna has a common unit structure with a side length of about one wavelength and lower efficiency.
In recent years, due to the opening of the 60GHz band, the design of millimeter wave antennas has been mainly focused on this band. In the E band, the air loss is low, so that a good atmospheric window is formed, and the method has a good application prospect. However, the invention of low-profile, low-loss, high-efficiency millimeter wave antennas based on the E-band has been studied very little.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to solve the problem that the millimeter wave antenna cannot have low profile, low loss, high gain and high efficiency.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a millimeter wave antenna with a metal cavity, which includes four radiating elements sharing one metal cavity; the whole antenna is provided with a metal cover plate with a radiation port, a metal cavity for loading a metal block and a feed waveguide from top to bottom. The bottom surfaces of the four metal blocks are connected with the cavity, and each metal block and the upper radiation port form a radiation unit. Each metal block is a simplified surface current, and by adding a metal cover plate above the cavity, the metal block forms two parallel radiation longitudinal slits with the radiation port along the Y-axis direction, which is equivalent to two magnetic current radiation structures.
Further, the metal cover plate is composed of a layer of metal plate, four radiation ports are formed in the metal plate, the length and width of the metal cover plate are the same as those of the metal cavity, and the metal cover plate is arranged above the metal cavity. The four radiation ports are identical in shape, two adjacent radiation ports are symmetrical about the X axis or the Y axis, and the centers of the two radiation ports are respectively positioned at one quarter of the side length of the radiation cover plate; the radiation port can be rectangular or square, and the side length along the X axis or the Y axis is 0.5λ 0～λ0 (λ 0 is the wavelength in the air corresponding to the working frequency of the antenna center), and is larger than the side length of the metal block in the cavity.
Further, the side length of the metal block is between 0.4lambda 0～0.8λ0, which is smaller than the side length of the radiation port, and the surface of each metal block is provided with current along the X-axis direction to form surface current radiation; meanwhile, the metal block and the upper layer radiation port form four gaps, namely an upper gap, a lower gap, a left gap and a right gap, wherein two parallel longitudinal gaps parallel to a Y axis are equivalently two magnetic current radiation structures, and electric fields at the parallel longitudinal gaps are in the X axis direction and have the same phase, so that the main polarization of the antenna is realized; the upper and lower transverse slits are parallel to the X axis, the electric field at the transverse slits is a cross polarization electric field along the Y axis direction, and the phase of the cross polarization electric fields at the two sides of the same transverse slit are opposite, so that the cross polarization electric fields can be mutually offset in the far field of the antenna, and the cross polarization level of the antenna is reduced.
Furthermore, the bottom surface of the metal cavity is provided with a coupling gap for coupling electromagnetic waves, and the long side of the coupling gap is parallel to the Y axis and is positioned in the middle of the bottom surface of the cavity.
Further, the metal cavity is square, four metal blocks are uniformly distributed in the cavity in a2 multiplied by 2 mode, the center coordinates of each metal block and the radiation opening right above are the same, and the electric field forms a maximum value at a parallel radiation longitudinal seam formed by the metal blocks and the radiation opening face.
Further, the side length of the metal cavity is between 1.4λ 0～2.4λ0, and correspondingly, the side length of each radiating element is between 0.7λ 0～1.2λ0. The height of the metal cavity is between 0.3λ 0～λ0, and the metal block in the cavity is connected with the bottom of the cavity, and the heights of the metal block and the cavity are the same.
Further, the feed waveguide layer has protruding ridge metal on the side wall of the waveguide for adjusting the impedance matching between the feed waveguide and the metal cavity.
Furthermore, the thickness of the whole antenna is between 0.5lambda 0～λ0 by adopting a metal machining process, so that the millimeter wave antenna with a simple structure and a low section is provided.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. In the invention, the side length of the metal block is about half wavelength, the surface of the metal block is current along the X-axis direction, and each individual metal block is a plane current radiation structure. A metal cover plate with a radiation port is added above the metal cavity, and each metal block and the radiation port above form a radiation double slit along the Y axis, so that the radiation double slit is equivalent to two magnetic current radiation structures.
2. Each metal block forms a radiating element with the radiating orifice. The four units share one cavity and one coupling gap, so that the structure is simpler. The side length of each unit is smaller than one lambda 0, and the four units share one cavity, so that the size of the antenna is reduced, and meanwhile, the antenna has higher gain, and the efficiency of the antenna can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the distribution of the surface current of a metal block according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing electric field distribution of a radiation aperture surface according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle analysis of the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a graph showing simulation results of antenna gain, efficiency and reflection coefficient according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a millimeter wave antenna in a first embodiment. The invention aims to provide a metal cavity antenna with low loss, high efficiency and high gain. The millimeter wave antenna is based on a machining process, and comprises a metal cover plate with a radiation port, a metal cavity for loading a metal block and a feed waveguide from top to bottom layer by layer.
In this embodiment, electromagnetic waves are transmitted from the metal waveguide into the cavity through a slot in the bottom surface of the metal cavity. The metal cavity has no dielectric loss, so that the loss of the antenna can be reduced, and the efficiency of the antenna is improved. Four metal blocks are loaded in the cavity and combined with a 2 x 2 radiation port surface to form four radiation units. The four metal blocks are surface current radiation structures; the two longitudinal slits formed by each metal block and the radiation port are equivalent magnetic current radiation structures. The millimeter wave antenna provided by the invention has the advantages of low loss, high efficiency and high gain.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a surface current distribution of a metal block according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown by the dotted line with an arrow in the figure, on the surface of the metal block, the current direction is along the X-axis direction, and since the side length of the metal block along the X-axis is about half a wavelength, each metal block is a current radiation structure with an in-phase surface.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of electric field distribution on the radiation port surface in the first embodiment, and as shown in the drawing, the metal block and the upper radiation port form four slits up, down, left and right. The left and right sides of each metal block are parallel to longitudinal slits of the Y axis, an in-phase electric field along the X axis direction is generated, and the in-phase electric field is shown as an arrow along the X axis direction in the figure, and is the main polarization direction of the antenna, and the two parallel longitudinal slits can be equivalently formed into two magnetic current radiation structures. And the upper and lower transverse slits of the metal block generate cross polarization electric fields along the Y-axis direction, as shown by the arrow along the Y-axis direction in the figure. Observing the whole antenna, and the electric field in Y direction generated by the transverse seam symmetrical about the X axis or the Y axis is reversed and can be mutually offset; meanwhile, taking a single metal block 201 as an example, the electric fields of the point a and the point b and the point c and the point d are also in opposite phases, so that the electric fields can be mutually offset, and the cross polarization level of the antenna is reduced.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the radiation principle of the first embodiment, and the radiation structure of the whole antenna is composed of four metal blocks and gaps between the metal blocks and the radiation ports. As shown by the dashed lines with arrows in the figure, each metal block is a face current; after the metal cover plate is added, each metal block and the radiation port above form two longitudinal joints, and a solid line with an arrow indicates that each longitudinal joint can be equivalent to one magnetic current. The four radiating elements share the same cavity and a coupling slot.
A second embodiment of the millimeter wave antenna provided by the present invention is shown in fig. 4. The metal cavity millimeter wave antenna comprises a metal cover plate 1, metal blocks 201-204, a metal cavity 2, a coupling gap 205 and a metal waveguide 3. The millimeter wave antenna with the metal cavity is based on a machining process and is composed of multiple layers of metal plates with different thicknesses.
Wherein, metal cover plate 1 thickness is 0.5mm, and the limit range is 5mm ~ 7mm, and the limit is 6mm in this example, and the surface is opened four radiation mouths 101-104, and the limit range of every radiation mouth is 2mm ~ 2.7mm, and length and width are 2.3mm in this example.
Four metal blocks 201-204 are located in the metal cavity 2, and each metal block has a current along the X-axis direction on the surface, and is a plane current radiation structure. The bottom surface of the metal block is connected with the metal cavity, is positioned right below the four radiation ports, has the height of 0.8mm, the distance between two adjacent metal blocks is 3mm, and the side length of the metal block along the Y-axis direction is 2.3mm at the maximum and 1.6mm at the minimum, and is 2.2mm in the example; along the X-axis, the side length is at most 2.2mm, 1.6mm, in this example 1.5mm. Each metal block and the corresponding radiation port form two longitudinal slits, and the metal block and the corresponding radiation port are of an equivalent magnetic current radiation structure.
The thickness of the metal cavity 2 is 1.3mm, the thickness of the bottom surface of the metal cavity is 0.5mm, and a coupling gap 205 along the Y-axis direction is formed to couple electromagnetic waves into the metal cavity. The metal blocks 201-204 and the corresponding radiation ports 101-104 above form four-surface current and eight equivalent magnetic current radiation structures, and share the metal cavity 2 and the coupling gap 205.
Fig. 5 is a graph of simulation results of reflection coefficient and gain of the second embodiment provided by the present invention. As can be seen from the graph, the impedance bandwidth of the metal cavity millimeter wave antenna covers 76 GHz-86 GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 12.5%; the gain achieves a maximum value of 15.4dBi at 82GHz, and the gain is greater than 14dBi in the bandwidth range.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A metal cavity millimeter wave antenna is characterized in that: the whole antenna is provided with a metal cover plate with a radiation port, a metal cavity for loading a metal block and a feed waveguide from top to bottom layer by layer;
a metal cover plate (1) provided with radiation ports, wherein the radiation ports are distributed on the metal cover plate in a2 multiplied by 2 mode and share a metal cavity;
The cavity (2) for loading the metal block is positioned right below the metal cover plate and is used for receiving electromagnetic waves to form resonance;
Four metal blocks (201-204), wherein the surface of each metal block is a plane current radiation structure, the dimension of the metal block parallel to the X-axis direction is between 0.4lambda 0～0.8λ0, and lambda 0 is the wavelength in the air corresponding to the working frequency of the antenna center; by adding a metal cover plate, each metal block forms two parallel longitudinal slits together with the upper radiation port along the Y-axis direction to form two magnetic current radiation structures;
Each metal block and the upper radiation port form a radiation unit which comprises a surface current radiation structure and two magnetic current radiation structures;
electromagnetic waves are transmitted from the feed waveguide to the metal cavity through a coupling gap on the bottom surface of the metal cavity, and the four radiating units share one cavity and the coupling gap.
2. A metal cavity millimeter wave antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the side length of the metal cover plate is the same as that of the metal cavity, and the radiation opening can be rectangular or square, and the side length is larger than that of the metal block in the cavity.
3. A metal cavity millimeter wave antenna according to claim 1, wherein: four radiation ports on the metal cover plate are distributed in a 2 multiplied by 2 mode, two adjacent radiation ports are symmetrical about the X axis or the Y axis, and central coordinates are located at one quarter of the side length of the metal cover plate.
4. The millimeter wave antenna of claim 1, wherein the four radiating openings in the metal cover plate are each longer than the metal block, and form four slots parallel to the X-axis and the Y-axis, respectively, wherein the two longitudinal slots parallel to the Y-axis are main polarized radiating slots, and are equivalent to two magnetic current radiating structures.
5. A metal cavity millimeter wave antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the coupling gap between the feed waveguide and the metal cavity is positioned in the middle of the bottom surface of the cavity.
6. A metal cavity millimeter wave antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the height of the metal cavity is smaller than a lambda 0,λ0 which is the wavelength in the air corresponding to the working frequency of the antenna center, and the metal block in the cavity is connected with the bottom of the cavity.
7. A metal cavity millimeter wave antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the side wall of the feed waveguide is provided with protruding ridge metal for adjusting impedance matching between the feed waveguide and the metal cavity.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110266697.7A CN113161725B (en) | 2021-03-11 | 2021-03-11 | Millimeter wave antenna with metal cavity |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110266697.7A CN113161725B (en) | 2021-03-11 | 2021-03-11 | Millimeter wave antenna with metal cavity |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113161725A CN113161725A (en) | 2021-07-23 |
| CN113161725B true CN113161725B (en) | 2024-04-30 |
Family
ID=76886807
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110266697.7A Active CN113161725B (en) | 2021-03-11 | 2021-03-11 | Millimeter wave antenna with metal cavity |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113161725B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114122730B (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2023-02-07 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Broadband metal cavity antenna, design method and antenna array |
| CN114792884B (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2023-04-25 | 电子科技大学 | Substrate integrated cavity radiation antenna adopting serial magnetic current feed |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106785404A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-05-31 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of novel embedded broadband dual polarized antenna |
| CN107154531A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-09-12 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of integrated cavity millimeter wave array antenna of substrate |
| CN107293852A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-10-24 | 南京理工大学 | The high-gain millimeter wave antenna of gap waveguide series feed |
| CN108550981A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-09-18 | 北京理工大学 | Work in TM210The W-waveband dual polarization slot antenna and feeding network of mode of resonance |
-
2021
- 2021-03-11 CN CN202110266697.7A patent/CN113161725B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106785404A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-05-31 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of novel embedded broadband dual polarized antenna |
| CN107154531A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-09-12 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of integrated cavity millimeter wave array antenna of substrate |
| CN107293852A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-10-24 | 南京理工大学 | The high-gain millimeter wave antenna of gap waveguide series feed |
| CN108550981A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-09-18 | 北京理工大学 | Work in TM210The W-waveband dual polarization slot antenna and feeding network of mode of resonance |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| "High gain 60 GHz slot antenna with symmetric radiation characteristics";Y. Al-Alem and A. A. Kishk;IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation;全文 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113161725A (en) | 2021-07-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP3888186B1 (en) | Ridge gap waveguide and multilayer antenna array including the same | |
| CN113161726B (en) | Millimeter wave array antenna with metal cavity | |
| CN103414030B (en) | A kind of wide band low profile flat plate slot array antenna | |
| US7180457B2 (en) | Wideband phased array radiator | |
| CN106887716B (en) | A kind of CTS flat plate array antenna | |
| CN113161725B (en) | Millimeter wave antenna with metal cavity | |
| CN111883910B (en) | Dual-polarized low-profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna and wireless communication equipment | |
| CN107579344A (en) | Millimeter-wave substrate integrated waveguide double-circle polarization Sidelobe Shared aperture array antenna | |
| CN109980366A (en) | A kind of broadband double-circle polarization endfire array antenna based on gap waveguide | |
| CN111029765A (en) | Millimeter wave frequency scanning antenna | |
| Hong et al. | Air-filled substrate integrated waveguide leaky-wave antenna with wideband and fixed-beam characteristics | |
| Li et al. | Gain-Equalized Multibeam Antenna Fed by a Compact Dual-Layer Rotman Lens at K a-Band | |
| CN114256614A (en) | Ultra-wideband planar antenna array applied to millimeter wave communication system | |
| CN114498030A (en) | Multi-frequency high-isolation millimeter wave phased array antenna based on multi-path cancellation | |
| He et al. | Integrated-EBG ridge waveguide and its application to an E-band waveguide 32× 32 slot array antenna | |
| CN209169390U (en) | A kind of mobile terminal millimeter wave phased array magnetic-dipole antenna and its aerial array | |
| CN216850344U (en) | Ridge waveguide one-dimensional phased array antenna | |
| CN113013639B (en) | Broadband wide-angle scanning phased array unit and array structure | |
| CN114188711B (en) | Phased array antenna based on gap waveguide technology | |
| Wang et al. | A lateral scanning periodic leaky-wave antenna using reverse dipole pair element for suppressing-2nd space harmonic | |
| CN215070431U (en) | Planar integrated array antenna | |
| CN115064864A (en) | Full-polarization antenna unit and antenna array | |
| Gu et al. | A Compact Dual-Polarized Frequency-Scanning Continuous Transverse Stub Antenna Array | |
| CN111509392A (en) | High scanning rate antenna of wave beam based on microstrip line structure | |
| CN113690637B (en) | 5G millimeter wave LTCC shunt-feed wide-angle scanning phased array |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |