CN113152089A - 一种抗菌织物的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗菌织物的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113152089A
CN113152089A CN202110497983.4A CN202110497983A CN113152089A CN 113152089 A CN113152089 A CN 113152089A CN 202110497983 A CN202110497983 A CN 202110497983A CN 113152089 A CN113152089 A CN 113152089A
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fabric
antibacterial
parts
ammonium salt
finishing agent
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边长宇
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Gaoyang Rongyi Blanket Industry Co ltd
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Gaoyang Rongyi Blanket Industry Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种抗菌织物的制备方法，涉及纺织品材料技术领域。本发明所述方法包括试样准备、喷淋复合抗菌整理剂、表面挤压、烘干和焙烘定型等步骤。本发明通过采用复合抗菌整理剂结合特有的织物处理方法，在提高织物抗菌稳定性的前提下，提高了其抗菌持久性，显著改善了织物的综合抗菌性能，具有广泛的应用前景和良好的实用价值。

Description

一种抗菌织物的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织品材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种抗菌织物的制备方法。
背景技术
用于服装、包袋、地毯等用途的化纤纺织品主要包括尼龙、聚酯、聚丙烯等种类，这些抗菌织物受到自身的微孔结构、使用环境、使用方法等因素影响，不可避免地为微生物提供了合适的生长环境，成为了适合细菌和霉菌等微生物滋生和繁殖的温床，还会产生螨虫滋生等问题。而这些织物上滋生的细菌、霉菌和螨虫，不仅会使织物变色、发霉、脆化降解，还会对人体健康造成严重的不良影响，引起他人体皮肤和呼吸道等疾病。
目前，可用于织物中的抗菌剂一般分为无机类、有机类和天然类。天然抗菌剂虽然能够起到良好的抗菌效果，且来源更加安全，但其价格高昂、抗菌稳定性较差，在实际应用过程中存在较多的问题，无法成为纺织工业中的主流抗菌添加剂。而无机抗菌剂，如常用的纳米银材料或锌离子材料制备工艺复杂、产品质量不稳定，易出现产品粒度大、易团聚等问题。并且无机抗菌剂的抗菌种类也有限，特别在抗霉菌方面效果不佳。而有机抗菌剂主要包括季铵盐类、醚类、苯酚类等，其抗菌种类受限较多且稳定性不足，特别是对水、热、洗涤剂等化学产品的稳定性不足，在洗涤后材料的抗菌性能显著降低。
因此，如何制备一种性能稳定，具有较强的光谱抗菌性，且能够在多次洗涤后依然保持良好抗菌性的织物是目前本领域亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种抗菌织物的制备方法，该方法通过采用复合抗菌整理剂结合特有的织物处理方法，在提高织物抗菌稳定性的前提下，提高了抗菌持久性，显著改善了织物的抗菌性能。所述方法具体包括以下步骤：
(1)试样准备：将织物进行整理，梳理表面，调整形状；
(2)喷淋复合抗菌整理剂：将织物放到喷雾设备的滚动辊起始位置，启动气泵，使面料匀速经过喷嘴位置，将复合抗菌整理剂均匀喷淋到织物表面；
(3)表面挤压：用可调间距的轧压装置对织物进行挤压；
本发明通过适宜的表面挤压工艺，提高了织物对抗菌整理剂的吸收程度，使抗菌整理剂能够更好的与织物相结合，提高抗菌的持久性；
(4)烘干：将经表面挤压后的织物放入烘干机中，对其进行烘干处理；
本发明通过控制烘干温度和烘干时间，使复合抗菌整理剂能够与织物更好地结合；
(5)焙烘定型：将经过烘干处理后的织物放入焙烘机中进行定型处理，最终得到抗菌织物。
进一步地，所述步骤(2)中复合抗菌整理剂包括以下重量份的原料：
有机硅季铵盐20-25份、聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐20-25份、氨基甲酸酯10-20份、磷酸酯10-15份、纳米银溶液10-15份、交联剂5-10份、改性精氨酸5-10份。
进一步地，所述纳米银溶液的平均粒径为2nm。
进一步地，所述步骤(2)中的有机硅季铵盐为烷基三甲基铵盐、双烷基二甲基铵盐、双酰胺基烷氧基铵盐、咪唑啉铵盐中的一种或几种。
进一步地，所述交联剂为多异氰酸酯、乙二胺、1，3-二氨基丙烷、丙三醇、丙烯酸、丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸、二乙烯基苯、双丙酮丙烯酰胺中的一种或几种。
进一步地，所述改性精氨酸的制备方法如下：
将L-精氨酸盐酸盐和碳酸氢钠按摩尔比1:2的比例加入到100mL水中，溶液冷却至5℃，逐滴加入与L-精氨酸盐酸盐等量的甲基丙烯酸酐并搅拌，反应8min，用浓氨水将反应体系的pH值调节到8，过滤后得到改性精氨酸。
进一步地，所述步骤(2)中喷嘴流速为7-10mL/min，滚动辊的速度为10-15m/min。
进一步地，所述步骤(2)中复合抗菌整理剂的量为10-30g/L。
进一步地，所述步骤(4)中的烘干温度为105-110℃，烘干时间为6-8min。
进一步地，所述步骤(5)中的焙烘为130-135℃，焙烘时间为3-5min。
本发明的另一个目的是提供所述织物在地毯织造方面的应用。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益技术效果：
本发明通过在抗菌织物中添加一定量的改性精氨达到改善棉织物的亲水性，进而防止有机硅季铵盐具有杀菌功效的物质受洗涤剂的影响。同时配合交联剂的使用，显著提高了复合抗菌整理剂的抗菌持久性，使其在经过多次洗涤后，仍具有良好的抗菌性能。且本发明的改性精氨酸还能够增强抗菌整理剂的抗菌性能。另外，在本发明所述技术方案中，复合抗菌整理剂与织物中的羟基通过共价键或静电作用连接，适量添加磷酸酯能够起到增强复合抗菌整理剂与织物结合度的作用，同时防止纳米银易团聚，进而提高抗菌稳定性。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种抗菌织物的制备方法，步骤如下：
(1)试样准备：将织物进行整理，梳理表面，调整形状；
(2)喷淋复合抗菌整理剂：将织物放到喷雾设备的滚动辊起始位置，启动气泵，设置喷嘴流速为7mL/min，滚动辊的速度为10m/min，使面料匀速经过喷嘴位置，将复合抗菌整理剂均匀喷淋到织物表面，其中抗菌整理剂的用量为10g/L；
(3)表面挤压：用可调间距的轧压装置对织物进行挤压；
本发明通过适宜的表面挤压工艺，提高了织物对抗菌整理剂的吸收程度，使抗菌整理剂能够更好的与织物相结合，提高抗菌的持久性；
(4)烘干：将经表面挤压后的织物放入烘干机中，在110℃的条件下，烘干5min；
(5)焙烘定型：将经过烘干处理后的织物放入焙烘机中进行定型处理，在130℃的条件下焙烘5min，最终得到抗菌织物。
所述步骤(2)中复合抗菌整理剂包括以下重量份的原料：
有机硅季铵盐20份、聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐20份、氨基甲酸酯10份、磷酸酯10份、纳米银溶液10份、交联剂5份、改性精氨酸5份。
所述有机硅季铵盐为烷基三甲基铵盐、双烷基二甲基铵盐、双酰胺基烷氧基铵盐、咪唑啉铵盐按重量比为1:1:1:1的比例混合而成。
所述交联剂为多异氰酸酯和丙烯酸羟乙酯按重量比为1:1的比例混合而成。
所述改性精氨酸的制备方法如下：
将L-精氨酸盐酸盐和碳酸氢钠按摩尔比1:2的比例加入到100mL水中，溶液冷却至5℃，逐滴加入与L-精氨酸盐酸盐等量的甲基丙烯酸酐并搅拌，反应8min，用浓氨水将反应体系的pH值调节到8，过滤后得到改性精氨酸。
实施例2
一种抗菌织物的制备方法，步骤如下：
(1)试样准备：将织物进行整理，梳理表面，调整形状；
(2)喷淋复合抗菌整理剂：将织物放到喷雾设备的滚动辊起始位置，启动气泵，设置喷嘴流速为10mL/min，滚动辊的速度为15m/min，使面料匀速经过喷嘴位置，将复合抗菌整理剂均匀喷淋到织物表面，其中抗菌整理剂的用量为30g/L；
(3)表面挤压：用可调间距的轧压装置对织物进行挤压；
本发明通过适宜的表面挤压工艺，提高了织物对抗菌整理剂的吸收程度，使抗菌整理剂能够更好的与织物相结合，提高抗菌的持久性；
(4)烘干：将经表面挤压后的织物放入烘干机中，在110℃的条件下，烘干5min；
(5)焙烘定型：将经过烘干处理后的织物放入焙烘机中进行定型处理，在130℃的条件下焙烘5min，最终得到抗菌织物。
所述步骤(2)中复合抗菌整理剂包括以下重量份的原料：
有机硅季铵盐25份、聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐25份、氨基甲酸酯20份、磷酸酯15份、纳米银溶液15份、交联剂10份、改性精氨酸10份。
所述有机硅季铵盐为烷基三甲基铵盐、双烷基二甲基铵盐、双酰胺基烷氧基铵盐、咪唑啉铵盐按重量比为1:1:1:1的比例混合而成。
所述交联剂为乙二胺和二乙烯基苯按重量比为2:1的比例混合而成。
所述改性精氨酸的制备方法如下：
将L-精氨酸盐酸盐和碳酸氢钠按摩尔比1:2的比例加入到100mL水中，溶液冷却至5℃，逐滴加入与L-精氨酸盐酸盐等量的甲基丙烯酸酐并搅拌，反应8min，用浓氨水将反应体系的pH值调节到8，过滤后得到改性精氨酸。
实施例3
一种抗菌织物的制备方法，步骤如下：
(1)试样准备：将织物进行整理，梳理表面，调整形状；
(2)喷淋复合抗菌整理剂：将织物放到喷雾设备的滚动辊起始位置，启动气泵，设置喷嘴流速为10mL/min，滚动辊的速度为10m/min，使面料匀速经过喷嘴位置，将复合抗菌整理剂均匀喷淋到织物表面，其中抗菌整理剂的用量为20g/L；
(3)表面挤压：用可调间距的轧压装置对织物进行挤压；
本发明通过适宜的表面挤压工艺，提高了织物对抗菌整理剂的吸收程度，使抗菌整理剂能够更好的与织物相结合，提高抗菌的持久性；
(4)烘干：将经表面挤压后的织物放入烘干机中，在110℃的条件下，烘干5min；
(5)焙烘定型：将经过烘干处理后的织物放入焙烘机中进行定型处理，在130℃的条件下焙烘5min，最终得到抗菌织物。
所述步骤(2)中复合抗菌整理剂包括以下重量份的原料：
有机硅季铵盐20份、聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐25份、氨基甲酸酯15份、磷酸酯135份、纳米银溶液15份、交联剂8份、改性精氨酸8份。
所述有机硅季铵盐为烷基三甲基铵盐、双烷基二甲基铵盐、双酰胺基烷氧基铵盐、咪唑啉铵盐按重量比为1:1:1:1的比例混合而成。
所述交联剂为丙三醇和丙烯酸羟乙酯按重量比为2:1的比例混合而成。
所述改性精氨酸的制备方法如下：
将L-精氨酸盐酸盐和碳酸氢钠按摩尔比1:2的比例加入到100mL水中，溶液冷却至5℃，逐滴加入与L-精氨酸盐酸盐等量的甲基丙烯酸酐并搅拌，反应8min，用浓氨水将反应体系的pH值调节到8，过滤后得到改性精氨酸。
对比例1
同实施例3，区别在于复合抗菌整理剂中未添加改性精氨酸。
对比例2
同实施例3，区别在于复合抗菌整理剂中未添加交联剂。
对比例3
同实施例3，区别在于复合抗菌整理剂中未添加改性精氨酸和交联剂。
对比例4
同实施例3，区别在于复合抗菌整理剂中未添加磷酸酯。
测试例1
抗菌效果参照GB/T20944.2-2007《纺织品抗菌性能的评价第2部分：吸收法》标准对实施例1-3以及对比例1-4得到的织物试样进行检验，结果如表1所示。
表1织物式样对大肠埃希氏菌/金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌率检测
Figure BDA0003055210640000051
Figure BDA0003055210640000061
由表1可知，本发明的抗菌织物对大肠埃希氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有良好的抑制效果。另外，按照实验室常规方法测定本发明抗菌织物对常见的白色念珠菌(抑菌率99％)、黑曲霉(无生长)等均均有良好的抑制效果。可见本发明的抗菌织物具有光谱的抗菌效果。
测试例2
参照GB/T24253—2009《纺织品防螨性能的评价》，对实施例1-3以及对比例1-4得到的织物试样进行检验，结果如表2所示。
表2织物试样驱螨效果检测
序号 对照组螨虫数量/只 实验组螨虫数量/只 驱螨率/％
实施例1 112 22 80.36
实施例2 115 22 80.87
实施例3 115 21 81.74
对比例1 117 23 80.34
对比例2 113 22 80.53
对比例3 119 24 79.83
对比例4 110 21 80.91
由表2可知，本发明的抗菌织物具有良好的防螨性能。
测试例3
分别将实施例1-3以及对比例1-4得到的织物试样洗涤10次、50次和70次，然后分别织物试样的大肠杆菌/金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌率和驱螨效果进行检测，结果如表3所示。
表3洗涤后织物试样的抑菌率和驱螨效果检测
Figure BDA0003055210640000062
Figure BDA0003055210640000071
由表3可知，本发明的抗菌织物在经过多次洗涤后，仍具有良好的抗菌性和防螨性，且抗菌效果稳定。
本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (10)

1.一种抗菌织物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)试样准备：将织物进行整理，梳理表面，调整形状；
(2)喷淋复合抗菌整理剂：将织物放到喷雾设备的滚动辊起始位置，启动气泵，使面料匀速经过喷嘴位置，将复合抗菌整理剂均匀喷淋到织物表面；
(3)表面挤压：用可调间距的轧压装置对织物进行挤压；
(4)烘干：将经表面挤压后的织物放入烘干机中，对其进行烘干处理；
(5)焙烘定型：将经过烘干处理后的织物放入焙烘机中进行定型处理，最终得到抗菌织物。
2.根据权利要求1所述抗菌织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中复合抗菌整理剂包括以下重量份的原料：
有机硅季铵盐20-25份、聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐20-25份、氨基甲酸酯10-20份、磷酸酯10-15份、纳米银溶液10-15份、交联剂5-10份、改性精氨酸5-10份。
3.根据权利要求2所述抗菌织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中的有机硅季铵盐为烷基三甲基铵盐、双烷基二甲基铵盐、双酰胺基烷氧基铵盐、咪唑啉铵盐中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求2所述抗菌织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述交联剂为多异氰酸酯、乙二胺、1，3-二氨基丙烷、丙三醇、丙烯酸、丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸、二乙烯基苯、双丙酮丙烯酰胺中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求2所述抗菌织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述改性精氨酸的制备方法如下：
将L-精氨酸盐酸盐和碳酸氢钠按摩尔比1:2的比例加入到100mL水中，溶液冷却至5℃，逐滴加入与L-精氨酸盐酸盐等量的甲基丙烯酸酐并搅拌，反应8min，用浓氨水将反应体系的pH值调节到8，过滤后得到改性精氨酸。
6.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中喷嘴流速为7-10mL/min，滚动辊的速度为10-15m/min。
7.根据权利要求1所述抗菌织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中复合抗菌整理剂的量为10-30g/L。
8.根据权利要求1所述抗菌织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(4)中的烘干温度为105-110℃，烘干时间为6-8min。
9.根据权利要求1所述抗菌织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(5)中的焙烘为130-135℃，焙烘时间为3-5min。
10.根据权利要求1-9任一项所述方法制备的抗菌织物在地毯织造方面的应用。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114836976A (zh) * 2022-05-05 2022-08-02 浙江理工大学 一种抗菌窗帘的加工工艺及抗菌窗帘及测试方法

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