CN113136040B - 一种阳离子淀粉凝胶及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种阳离子淀粉凝胶及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN113136040B
CN113136040B CN202110500943.0A CN202110500943A CN113136040B CN 113136040 B CN113136040 B CN 113136040B CN 202110500943 A CN202110500943 A CN 202110500943A CN 113136040 B CN113136040 B CN 113136040B
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龚亮
蒋跃明
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种阳离子淀粉凝胶及其制备方法和应用。在丙羟基淀粉中加入多重阳离子复合物溶液进行反应，获得胶体，即制得淀粉凝胶，所述的多重阳离子复合物溶液含有壳聚糖、季铵盐和胍类的溶液。本发明的阳离子淀粉凝胶，其阳离溶液含有三种稳定存在的阳离子化合物(壳聚糖、季铵盐和胍类)，其Zeta电位超过100mV；在高温作用下将丙羟基淀粉加入上述多重阳离子复合物溶液即制得阳离型淀粉凝胶，其粘度介于600～1800cP；虽然阳离子化合物具有一定的杀菌功效，但是我们发现调节季铵盐和胍类的比例，可以增强淀粉凝胶针对念珠菌的抑菌能力，特别是针对具有抗药性的念珠菌，比常用的抗生素药物效果更好。

Description

一种阳离子淀粉凝胶及其制备方法和应用
技术领域：
本发明属于病原微生物(细菌、真菌和病毒)防治领域，具体涉及一种阳离子淀粉凝胶及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术：
大量重复使用化学杀菌剂使得病原微生物的抗性水平显著提高，如何更有效的控制病原微生物，特别是已经产生药性的病原微生物是病原菌防治领域的难题；一般情况下，细菌等微生物表面带负电荷，如果有一种超强的带正电荷的纳米颗粒作用于细菌表面，必然对微生物造成破坏或者阻隔作用。
季铵盐和聚季铵盐属强阳离子表面活性剂，具有水溶性较好、容易降解和毒性一般非常低等特点，被广泛应用于杀菌剂、灭藻剂、柔软剂、絮凝剂、抗静电剂、乳化剂、增效剂等方面。
胍类化合物是一类含有胍基的抑菌物质，基本结构来自于胍基，其是一种易于水解的化学基团，此类化合物在一般的生理环境中处于完全质子状态带正电性；在碱性条件下不稳定，易水解为氨和尿素，而在酸性条件下是比较稳定的。
发明内容：
本发明的目的在于提供一种抑菌活性好，制备简单的阳离子淀粉凝胶及其制备方法和应用。
本发明的阳离子淀粉凝胶，是通过以下方法制备的：
在丙羟基淀粉中加入多重阳离子复合物溶液进行反应，获得胶体，即制得淀粉凝胶，所述的多重阳离子复合物溶液含有壳聚糖、季铵盐和胍类的溶液。
优选，所述的季铵盐为聚季铵盐或苯扎溴铵。
优选，所述的胍类为聚氨丙基双胍，或聚六亚甲基双胍或其盐酸盐。
优选，按质量分数计，所述的多重阳离子复合物溶液中含有壳聚糖0.5～2％、季铵盐和胍类总和占比为0.05～1％。
优选，所述的在丙羟基淀粉中加入多重阳离子复合物溶液进行反应，其反应温度为40～80℃。
优选，是将壳聚糖溶解于醋酸溶液中，制备成质量分数0.5～2％的壳聚糖溶液，加入苯扎溴铵和聚氨丙基双胍，使它们的终浓度为质量分数0.05～1％，加热到40-80℃，再加入丙羟基淀粉，使其终浓度为5-10％，直至透明性的胶体，即制得淀粉凝胶。
进一步优选，所述的苯扎溴铵和聚氨丙基双胍的重量比为1:2～3，更进一步优选为1:3。
本发明的第二个目的是提供上述阳离子淀粉凝胶在制备抑制念珠菌的药物中的应用。
优选，所述的抑制念珠菌的药物是抑制白色念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌、采样株热带念珠菌或克柔念珠菌的药物。
本发明的阳离子淀粉凝胶，其阳离溶液含有三种稳定存在的阳离子化合物(壳聚糖、季铵盐和胍类)，其Zeta电位超过100mV；在高温作用下将丙羟基淀粉加入上述多重阳离子复合物溶液即制得阳离型淀粉凝胶，其粘度介于600～1800cP；虽然阳离子化合物具有一定的杀菌功效，但是我们发现调节季铵盐和胍类的比例，可以增强淀粉凝胶针对念珠菌的抑菌能力，特别是针对具有抗药性的念珠菌，比常用的抗生素药物效果更好。该方法制备阳离子淀粉凝胶仪器设备要求简单、制备过程简单可控、易规模化、材料来源广泛且廉价。因此适合于制备阳离子抑菌消炎水凝胶，应用于皮肤等表面消毒。
具体实施方式：
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明，而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1：
将壳聚糖溶解于质量分数2％醋酸溶液中，制备成质量分数1％的壳聚糖溶液，室温下持续搅拌，缓慢加入阳离子物质(配比如表1所示，终浓度为质量分数0.05％)，室温搅拌30分钟，即制得富含壳聚糖、季铵盐和/或胍类的多重阳离子溶液。将上述多重阳离子溶液加热到80℃，之后在持续搅拌下加入7％丙羟基淀粉直至透明性的胶体，即制得淀粉凝胶，即阳离子淀粉凝胶，其Zeta电位为120mV其粘度为1200cP(浓度配比E)。
表1季铵盐和胍类的配比(质量比)及浓度(质量分数)
Figure BDA0003056222150000031
应用案例
采用牛津杯法测量上述阳离子淀粉凝胶对念珠菌的抑菌能力，念珠菌有(标准株ATCC10231白色念珠菌、ATCC22019近平滑念珠菌、采样株热带念珠菌、白色念珠菌、克柔念珠菌)。将活化的念珠菌菌液500ul(～106CFU/mL)分别涂布于平板MH固体培养基上，均匀放入内径为6mm的牛津杯，牛津杯中加入需测量的阳离子淀粉凝胶100mg后平板于28℃培养24h，测量抑菌圈的大小。以相同重量的羧苄青霉素溶液作为对照，浓度和用量见表2、3、4。
结果如表2、3、4所示：
表2是季铵盐和胍类的混合物占比终浓度为0.05％，表3是季铵盐和胍类的混合物占比终浓度为0.5％，表4是季铵盐和胍类的混合物占比终浓度为1％。
表2抑菌效果
Figure BDA0003056222150000041
表3抑菌效果
Figure BDA0003056222150000042
Figure BDA0003056222150000051
表4抑菌效果
Figure BDA0003056222150000052
从表2、3、4可以看出，浓度配比D和浓度配比E的效果好于单独的苯扎溴铵和聚氨丙基双胍，特别是浓度配比E的效果是显著好于单独的苯扎溴铵和聚氨丙基双胍，具有增效作用。

Claims (5)

1.一种阳离子淀粉凝胶的制备方法，其特征在于：
将壳聚糖溶解于醋酸溶液中，制备成质量分数0.5～2％的壳聚糖溶液，加入苯扎溴铵和聚氨丙基双胍，使它们的终浓度为质量分数0.05～1％，加热到40-80℃，再加入丙羟基淀粉，使其终浓度为5-10％，直至透明性的胶体，制得阳离子淀粉凝胶；
苯扎溴铵和聚氨丙基双胍的重量比为1:2～3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的苯扎溴铵和聚氨丙基双胍的重量比为1:3。
3.一种按照权利要求1或2所述的制备方法制备得到的阳离子淀粉凝胶。
4.权利要求3所述的阳离子淀粉凝胶在制备抑制念珠菌的药物中的应用。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的抑制念珠菌的药物是抑制白色念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌、采样株热带念珠菌或克柔念珠菌的药物。
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