CN113134004A - 一种3-甲基腺嘌呤在制备预防铜绿假单胞菌诱导的急性肺炎药物中的应用 - Google Patents
一种3-甲基腺嘌呤在制备预防铜绿假单胞菌诱导的急性肺炎药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种3‑甲基腺嘌呤在制备预防铜绿假单胞菌诱导的急性肺炎药物中的应用,属于生物医学技术领域。经本发明试验研究发现,在铜绿假单胞菌感染前,使用3‑甲基腺嘌呤可以提高实验动物存活率,同时伴随着病理的减轻以及炎症细胞因子和肺内细菌负荷的减少,避免过度的炎性免疫反应导致宿主组织损伤,还可以避免由于抗生素使用不当导致细菌对现有抗生素的抗药性日益增强,应用前景广泛。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医学技术领域,具体涉及一种3-甲基腺嘌呤在制备预防铜绿假单胞菌诱导的急性肺炎药物中的应用。
背景技术
铜绿假单胞菌是全世界医院感染的主要原因之一。重症监护室感染,特别是呼吸机相关性肺炎与高死亡率相关。除了高毒力外,对多种抗菌药物产生耐药性的趋势使铜绿假单胞菌难以控制。事实上,对粘菌素和替加环素具有耐药性的铜绿假单胞菌临床分离株已经出现,促使我们寻找传统抗生素治疗以外的解决方案。除了包括疫苗(主动免疫)和抗体给药(被动免疫)的免疫策略外,针对宿主的其他干预措施也显示出潜在的前景。
自噬是一种高度保守的真核生物途径,对感染、炎症和免疫有多种作用。靶向细胞自噬在体外铜绿假单胞菌感染中的作用似乎不一致。早期的报导显示自噬增强了巨噬细胞、肥大细胞和角膜上皮细胞中铜绿假单胞菌的清除,而最近的报导显示自噬有助于绿脓杆菌逃避巨噬细胞中的细胞内杀伤。虽然关于自噬在铜绿假单胞菌感染中的作用的体内报告很少,但目前可获得的关于自噬的体内报告一致显示了其在感染和炎症中的负面作用,包括烧伤、机械通气、牙龈卟啉单胞菌诱导的牙周炎、急性肺损伤中脂多糖(LPS)诱导的内皮细胞屏障功能障碍、LPS诱导的内毒素血症和多微生物败血症,甚至耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎。
因此如何克服现有技术的不足是目前生物医学技术领域亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术的不足,提供一种3-甲基腺嘌呤在制备预防铜绿假单胞菌诱导的急性肺炎药物中的应用,通过利用自噬途径改善铜绿假单胞菌诱导的急性肺炎,可以提高实验动物存活率,降低细菌负荷,避免过度的炎性免疫反应导致宿主组织损伤。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
本发明提供3-甲基腺嘌呤在制备预防铜绿假单胞菌诱导的急性肺炎药物中的应用。
进一步,优选的是,3-甲基腺嘌呤给药剂量为5mg/kg~50mg/kg。
进一步,优选的是,在细菌感染前给药。
进一步,优选的是,在感染前1小时-4小时给药。
给药方式优选为静脉注射,但不限于此。
在多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌(MDR)诱导的小鼠急性肺炎模型中,我们之前证明了在感染前静脉注射金环蛇抗菌肽cathelicidin-BF可通过有效激活先天免疫而不是直接杀死细菌来改善发病机制。体外分析表明,自噬可能有利于避免微生物杀死后由富含髓过氧化物酶(MPO)和弹性蛋白酶的嗜中性粒细胞胞外陷阱(NETs)引起的严重组织损伤。有趣的是,我们发现自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-MA)在铜绿假单胞菌感染前给药,而不是在感染后给药,在改善肺炎方面显示出一定的益处。
本发明与现有技术相比,其有益效果为:
本发明提供一种3-甲基腺嘌呤在制备预防铜绿假单胞菌诱导的急性肺炎药物中的应用,并阐明其作用的效果依赖于中性粒细胞,细胞内杀死更有效。这种杀伤效率的提高可能部分归因于一氧化氮产生的增加,这种增加介导了中性粒细胞对细菌的清除。本发明的应用可以减少宿主的炎性细胞因子和细菌负荷,避免由于抗生素使用不当导致细菌对现有抗生素的抗药性日益增强,对住院患者构成严重威胁。
附图说明
图1为实施例2动物存活实验,3-MA预处理组(即先给药3-MA后感染的组)与仅感染铜绿假单胞菌的组(WT组)相比,感染后7天动物存活率(A),疾病评分(B),体重下降率(C),腹面温度(D);3-MA后处理组(即先感染后给药3-MA的组)与仅感染铜绿假单胞菌的组(WT组)相比,感染后7天动物存活率(E),疾病评分(F),体重下降率(G),腹面温度(H);
图2为实施例5组织学HE染色(A),实施例6细胞因子检测结果汇总(B),3-MA预处理(即先给药后感染的3-MA组)与仅感染铜绿假单胞菌的组(WT组)相比支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)和肺组织中白细胞介素6(IL-6)浓度(B1、B6)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)浓度(B2、B7)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)浓度(B3、B8)、巨噬细胞炎症蛋白2(MIP-2)浓度(B4、B9)、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)浓度(B5、B10),3-MA后处理(即先感染后给药的3-MA组)与仅感染铜绿假单胞菌的组(WT组)相比支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)和肺组织中白细胞介素6(IL-6)浓度(B11、B16)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)浓度(B12、B17)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)浓度(B13、B18)、巨噬细胞炎症蛋白2(MIP-2)浓度(B14、B19)、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)浓度(B15、B20);
图3为实施例3铜绿假单胞菌肺部感染实验;3-MA预处理(即先给药后感染的3-MA组)与仅感染铜绿假单胞菌的组(WT组)相比支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中细菌载量(A),左肺组织中细菌载量(B);3-MA后处理(即先感染后给药的3-MA组)组与仅感染铜绿假单胞菌的组(WT组)相比支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中细菌载量(C),左肺组织中细菌载量(D);
图4为实施例2中动物存活实验,加入了在感染前清除巨噬细胞并测试巨噬细胞对动物存活的影响以及在在感染前清除中性粒细胞并测试中性粒细胞对动物存活的影响(A),其中WT组为仅感染铜绿假单胞菌组,3-MA组为先给药3-MA后感染组,Mar-/-为感染前清除巨噬细胞组,Mar-/-+3-MA组为感染前清除巨噬细胞并给药3-MA组,Neu-/-为感染前清除中性粒细胞组,Neu-/-+3-MA组为感染前清除中性粒细胞并给药3-MA组。实施例4流式细胞术检测结果(B):仅感染铜绿假单胞菌的组(WT组)标记中性粒细胞(B1)、标记巨噬细胞(B2),感染前清除中性粒细胞组(Neu-/-)标记中性粒细胞(B3)、标记巨噬细胞(B4),感染前清除巨噬细胞组(Mac-/-)标记中性粒细胞(B5)、标记巨噬细胞(B6);
图5为实施例8吞噬实验(A)、实施例9细胞内细菌杀灭实验(B)与实施例10一氧化氮(NO)生成量的测定(C)图;
图6为实施例5免疫组织化学检测(图6A~6E),肺免疫组化切片(图6A),感染前用3-MA处理的小鼠中性粒细胞浸润占比(图6B),感染前用3-MA处理的小鼠巨噬细胞浸润占比(图6C),感染后用3-MA处理的小鼠中性粒细胞浸润占比(图6D),感染后用3-MA处理的小鼠巨噬细胞浸润占比(图6E),以及实施例7髓过氧化物酶(MPO)检测(图6F~6I),感染前用3-MA处理的小鼠的支气管肺泡灌洗液BALF(F)和肺组织(G)中的MPO活性;感染后用3-MA处理的小鼠的BALF(H)和肺组织(I)中的MPO活性;
图7为实施例2动物存活实验,使用羟氯喹代替3-MA预处理小鼠后进行临床耐药铜绿假单胞菌感染,并监测感染后7天动物存活率。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述。
本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限定本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用材料或设备未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过购买获得的常规产品。
LB液态培养基:1%(w/v)胰蛋白胨,0.5%(w/v)酵母提取物,1%(w/v)氯化钠,溶剂为去离子水。
LB固态培养基:1%(w/v)胰蛋白胨,0.5%(w/v)酵母提取物,1%(w/v)氯化钠,1%(w/v)琼脂,溶剂为去离子水。
流式染色缓冲液:1%(w/v)牛血清白蛋白BSA,0.2%(w/v)叠氮钠,溶剂为磷酸盐缓冲液0.01M的PBS。
实施例1——菌液的制备
多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌临床分离株1409是从昆明医科大学第一附属医院获得的。铜绿假单胞菌菌株8821是芝加哥伊利诺伊大学A.Chakrabarty赠送的。细菌在37℃的LB液态培养基中振荡培养,当培养物在600纳米达到2.5-3的光密度(早期稳定期)时收获。细菌用无菌的磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)洗涤,然后用生理盐水重悬进行体内实验或用PBS重悬进行体外试验。
实施例2——动物存活实验
C57BL/6小鼠(雌性,7~8周龄无特定病原体的C57BL/6小鼠购自生命河实验动物技术有限公司(北京),饲养于中国医学科学院医学生物学研究所实验动物中心)经三溴乙醇麻醉后,鼻腔感染2×107个菌落形成单位(CFU)的铜绿假单胞菌1409株,体积20μL,隔离监测7天。疾病评分记录如下:
(1)外观(0-正常;1-缺乏梳理;2-毛糙;3-非常粗糙的体毛);
(2)姿势(0-正常;1-弓着坐;2-弯腰姿势,头靠在地板上;3-俯卧于笼底/不能保持直立姿势);
(3)活动/行为(0-正常;1-稍微减少/轻微改变行为;2-以上变化加上呼吸频率或精力的变化;3-只在受刺激时移动);
(4)食欲(0-正常;1-食欲减退;2-上次检查后没有进食;3-最近两次检查没有进食);
(5)脱水程度(0-正常;1-轻度脱水;2-中度脱水;3-严重脱水);
(6)体重(与感染前体重变化0-<5%;1-[5%,10%)的重量变化;2-[10%,15%)重量变化;3-≥15%重量变化);
(7)体温(腹面温度)(0-≥33℃;1-[28℃,33℃);2-[25℃,28℃);3-<25℃);
总分最多为21分(当大于一定分数时小鼠可能已经死亡)。当相应分数达到或大于15时,动物被实施安死。
感染前2h(小鼠数量n=13)或感染后2h(n=8)尾静脉注射20mg/kg 3-MA 100微升,观察3-MA对动物存活的影响。
在感染前48小时腹腔注射200微升氯膦酸盐脂质体(CloronateLiposomes.org,Amsterdam,Netherlands),以清除巨噬细胞并测试巨噬细胞对动物存活的影响。
在感染前5天和3天,腹腔注射100微升溶解于PBS的100mg/kg环磷酰胺(Sigma-Aldrich),以消除中性粒细胞,并测试中性粒细胞对动物存活的影响。
结果参见图1和图4A。
图1显示,当在多药耐药铜绿假单胞菌临床分离株鼻腔感染前2小时经尾静脉注射20mg/kg 3-MA时,3-MA治疗组的13只小鼠中只有3只死亡,而未治疗组的13只小鼠中有8只死亡(图1A)。虽然差异不显著(p=0.0545),但3-MA对感染后存活率的影响有明显差异(图1E):感染组8只小鼠中有3只死亡,3-MA组8只小鼠中有6只死亡(p=0.1258)。结果表明感染前给予3-MA可提高多药耐药铜绿假单胞菌肺炎的存活率,而感染后给予3-MA则降低存活率。
这些相互矛盾的影响也从疾病评分和其他指标中显现出来。与感染组相比,在铜绿假单胞菌感染前用3-MA预处理的小鼠表现出较低的疾病评分、较少的体重减轻和相当的腹面温度(图1B-1D),而在铜绿假单胞菌感染后使用3-MA处理小鼠则使这些指标恶化,因为与治疗组相比,观察到更高的疾病评分、更多的体重减轻和更低的腹面温度(图1F-1H)。
有趣的是,用另一种自噬抑制剂羟氯喹(20mg/kg)预处理对存活率没有保护作用(图7)。
图4A显示,当3-MA预处理前中性粒细胞被清除时,铜绿假单胞菌1409菌株攻毒后,小鼠无一存活(小鼠数量n=10),说明3-MA预处理的保护作用高度依赖中性粒细胞。值得注意的是,3-MA预处理或不预处理清除巨噬细胞的保护作用(Mar-/-组和Mar-/-+3-Ma组,两组存活率均为75%)比单独3-MA预处理(3-Ma组,存活率50%)或不处理(WT组,存活率30%)更为显著。
实施例3——铜绿假单胞菌肺部感染实验
麻醉后,小鼠经1×109CFU滴鼻感染。铜绿假单胞菌8821的体积为20μL。24小时后,将10mL PBS注入心脏,从肺中清除血液。用1mL含有大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(100μg/mL)的PBS灌洗肺获得支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF),然后用1mL PBS冲洗肺泡两次。取BALF和灌洗后的肺组织,计数细菌菌落形成单位CFU、巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞,并进行细胞因子检测、MPO检测和组织学检查。
将BALF(10μL)接种于LB固态培养皿中,孵育24小时计数CFU。为检测细胞因子和MPO活性,BALF在4℃下1200×g离心5分钟,上清液用于细胞因子分析。将沉淀再悬浮在1mL氯化铵(0.15M)中,4℃下1200×g离心5分钟,以裂解红细胞。弃去上清液,沉淀再用0.5%(w/v)十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(250μL/小鼠)悬浮,4℃下1200×g离心5分钟,收集上清用于MPO活性测定。
左肺组织用含大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(100μg/mL)的50mM羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸(HEPES)缓冲液(4μL/mg肺)匀浆。将10μL匀浆置于琼脂培养皿中,37℃孵育24小时,定量细菌CFU。肺匀浆4℃,13000×g离心10分钟。-80℃保存上清,用于后续细胞因子分析。将沉淀重悬,在0.5%(w/v)十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(4μL/mg肺)中匀浆,4℃,13000×g离心10分钟,上清液用于MPO分析。
于感染前或感染后2小时经尾静脉注射100微升溶解于生理盐水的3-MA20mg/kg,检测3-MA对肺部感染的影响。
CFU计数结果参见图3,与仅感染铜绿假单胞菌的组相比,在感染铜绿假单胞菌后使用3-MA治疗导致BALF和肺部的细菌感染无显著增加(图3C和3D),而使用3-MA预处理显著减少了BALF和肺部的细菌(图3A和3B)。
实施例4——流式细胞术检测
BALF的收集如实施例3所述。红细胞裂解后(BD Biosciences)洗涤单细胞悬液,BALF在4℃下1200×g离心5分钟,沉淀加入1mL 10%(v/v)红细胞裂解液(BDBiosciences),弃上清,沉淀用1mL流式染色缓冲液(1%(w/v)BSA,0.2%(w/v)叠氮钠,溶剂为PBS)重悬后4℃下1200×g离心5分钟,弃上清。沉淀细胞与Fc受体阻断剂(BD Fc Block,BD Biosciences)孵育10min,用抗Ly6G、F4/80的抗体进行细胞表面染色30min。在BDAccuri C6流式细胞仪(BD Biosciences)上收集流式细胞仪数据,并使用软件BD AccuriC6 Version 1.0(BD Biosciences)和FlowJo Version 10.1(Ashland,OR)进行分析。PE偶联的大鼠抗鼠Ly6G(IgG2a,克隆1A8)、APC偶联的大鼠抗鼠F4/80(IgG2a,克隆BM8)均购自eBioscience(San Diego,CA)。
结果参见图4B,3-MA预处理前腹腔注射环磷酰胺消除中性粒细胞(如实施例2所述),铜绿假单胞菌8821株感染后24小时,BALF细胞中几乎无中性粒细胞(图B3 Neu-/-),而对照组(B1 WT组)的BALF细胞中90%以上为中性粒细胞。通过腹腔注射氯膦酸脂质体消除巨噬细胞(如实施例2所述),不仅在感染24小时后减少了BALF中的巨噬细胞,而且还使中性粒细胞减少到较低的程度(约80%的BALF细胞)。
实施例5——组织学和免疫组织化学检测
小鼠右肺用10%(w/v)福尔马林固定过夜,然后用100%乙醇进行石蜡包埋和切片。切片用CitriSolv脱蜡(Thermo Fisher Scientific),在降低到体积浓度30%的乙醇中再水化,并用哈里斯苏木精-伊红(H&E)染色以显示肺组织学改变(武汉赛维生物科技有限公司)。
免疫组织化学方法:柠檬酸抗原修复、DNA变性、内源性过氧化物酶活性阻断(武汉赛维生物科技有限公司制备)。在室温下用3%(w/v)牛血清白蛋白(BSA)封闭切片30min,用抗Ly-6G和F4/80的抗体进行染色(武汉赛维生物科技有限公司)。用3,3‘-二氨基联苯胺(DAB)检测试剂盒(武汉赛维生物科技有限公司)检测中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞染色。根据厂家的指示,再进行脱水和贴装。
组织学HE染色结果参见图2A,HE染色后的组织学分析表明,虽然在暴露于铜绿假单胞菌菌株8821后进行3-MA处理不利于改善由感染引起的肺损伤(3MA后处理组对比WT组),但预防性施用3-MA确实在一定程度上减轻了肺损伤(3MA预处理组对比WT组)。
免疫组织化学检测结果参见图6A~6E,肺免疫组化结果显示(图6A),感染后用3-MA处理的小鼠巨噬细胞浸润呈增加趋势(图6E),感染前用3-MA处理的小鼠巨噬细胞浸润呈下降趋势(图6C)。
实施例6——细胞因子检测
IL-1β、TNF、IL-6、MIP-2和MCP-1在BALF和肺组织上清中的浓度由酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)使用R&D Systems(Minneapolis,MN)的抗体对测定。简单地说(例如,IL-6ELISA),在4℃下用抗小鼠IL-6抗体包被96孔板16-20小时,室温下使用1%(w/v)的BSA溶液在PBS中阻断与板的非特异性结合1小时。每孔加入50μL/孔IL-6标准品和实施例3中收集的BALF和肺组织上清样品,4℃孵育18-20h,室温孵育1h。加入链霉亲和素HRP(100μL/孔),按照说明书室温孵育30分钟。每孔加入100μL/孔1×3,3′,5,5′-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)溶液,用100μL(0.5M H2SO4)停止反应。在450nm处读取平板的吸光度,并对数据进行分析。
结果参见图2B,感染显著提高了炎性细胞因子的表达(图2B中NT与24小时相比)。除了肿瘤坏死因子外,经3-MA预处理的小鼠的BALF组织和肺组织中的其他炎性细胞因子(IL-1β、IL-6、MIP-2和MCP-1)的水平显著降低(图2B中的3MA-预处理)。虽然铜绿假单胞菌感染后的3-MA治疗对改善肺损伤没有益处,但几乎所有上述炎性细胞因子都显示出高表达,与仅感染铜绿假单胞菌的组(WT组)相比,它们的表达差异不显著(图2B中的3MA-后处理)。
实施例3、实施例5的组织学HE染色和实施例6的结果共同表明,3-MA预处理可减轻肺损伤,减少炎性细胞因子的产生,提高细菌清除率。
实施例7——MPO检测
MPO法检测中性粒细胞在肺内的浸润情况。简单地说,将一式两份的实施例3中收集的BALF和肺组织裂解细胞后的上清样品(75μL)与等体积的底物(TMB,3mM;间苯二酚,120μM;和H2O2,2.2mM,溶剂为蒸馏水)混合2min。加入150μL的2M H2SO4使反应停止。在450nm处测量光密度值。
结果参见图6F~I,对于中性粒细胞,MPO试验显示,感染后用3-MA处理的小鼠的BALF(图6H)和肺组织(图6I)中的中性粒细胞浸润倾向于增加,感染前用3-MA处理的小鼠的肺组织中的中性粒细胞浸润倾向于减少(图6G)。
结合实施例2、实施例4、实施例5的免疫组织化学检测、实施例7,其结果均显示出预防性给药3-MA的保护作用依赖于中性粒细胞,综上所述,铜绿假单胞菌感染前用3-MA预处理略微减少了巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞的浸润,而感染后用3-MA处理略微增加了巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞的浸润。
实施例8——吞噬实验
根据小鼠中性粒细胞阴性选择试剂盒(STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)的方案,从小鼠身上分离骨髓来源的中性粒细胞。中性粒细胞不处理或用10mM3-MA预处理2小时。将8821株铜绿假单胞菌与含10%(v/v)小鼠血清的磷酸盐缓冲液在37℃下调理30min,计数中性粒细胞(0.5×106个/孔),再将中性粒细胞与预调理后的铜绿假单胞菌(MOI=20)在37℃下孵育30min。然后用200μg/mL庆大霉素孵育10min杀死胞外细菌。细胞在磷酸盐缓冲液中洗涤,在含0.1%(v/v)Triton X-100的200μL磷酸盐缓冲液中裂解,将10μL裂解产物的系列稀释液在LB琼脂平板上一式两份划线,并在37℃孵育过夜,次日计数CFU为吞噬指数。
结果参见图5A,3-MA预处理的中性粒细胞和对照中性粒细胞之间的吞噬作用没有显著差异。
实施例9——细胞内细菌杀灭实验
分离中性粒细胞,用3-MA预处理,如实施例8所述。然后,将中性粒细胞与铜绿假单胞菌8821株(用小鼠血清在37℃下调理30min)在37℃下孵育1h。然后加入庆大霉素(终浓度为200μg/ml),孵育3h杀灭胞外细菌。然后,用PBS洗涤中性粒细胞,用含0.1%(v/v)TritonX-100的PBS裂解中性粒细胞。样品被连续稀释,涂抹在LB固体培养基平板上。在37℃下孵育过夜后测定菌落数。
结果参见图5B,在3-MA处理的中性粒细胞中检测到的细胞内细菌明显较少。
实施例10——一氧化氮(NO)生成量的测定
中性粒细胞不处理或用10mM 3-MA预处理2小时,如实施例8所述。然后,不处理或暴露于铜绿假单胞菌8821株(37℃,用小鼠血清调理30min),37℃,24小时(MOI=20)。按照Griess试剂系统试剂盒(Promega,Madison,WI)的方案收集和分析无细胞上清液中的NO产物。
结果参见图5C,在铜绿假单胞菌感染后,与对照中性粒细胞相比,3-MA处理的中性粒细胞中的一氧化氮产生增加。
实施例8、实施例9、实施例10的结果显示,中性粒细胞经3-MA处理后细胞内杀死更有效。这种杀伤效率的提高可能部分归因于一氧化氮产生的增加,这种增加介导了中性粒细胞对细菌的清除。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (4)
1.3-甲基腺嘌呤在制备预防铜绿假单胞菌诱导的急性肺炎药物中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的3-甲基腺嘌呤在制备预防铜绿假单胞菌诱导的急性肺炎药物中的应用,其特征在于,3-甲基腺嘌呤给药剂量为5mg/kg~50mg/kg。
3.根据权利要求1所述的3-甲基腺嘌呤在制备预防铜绿假单胞菌诱导的急性肺炎药物中的应用,其特征在于,在细菌感染前给药。
4.根据权利要求3所述的3-甲基腺嘌呤在制备预防铜绿假单胞菌诱导的急性肺炎药物中的应用,其特征在于,在感染前1小时-4小时给药。
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