CN113133457B - Fruit tree antifreezing agent and preparation and use method thereof - Google Patents

Fruit tree antifreezing agent and preparation and use method thereof Download PDF

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CN113133457B
CN113133457B CN202110388037.6A CN202110388037A CN113133457B CN 113133457 B CN113133457 B CN 113133457B CN 202110388037 A CN202110388037 A CN 202110388037A CN 113133457 B CN113133457 B CN 113133457B
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fruit tree
parts
antifreezing agent
antifreeze
fruit
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CN113133457A (en
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代小丽
吕静
魏巍
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Institute Of Resources And Environment Beijing Academy Of Science And Technology
China University of Petroleum Beijing
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Institute Of Resources And Environment Beijing Academy Of Science And Technology
China University of Petroleum Beijing
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protection of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
    • A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • A01N33/12—Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing within the same carbon skeleton a carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a carbon atom having only two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. keto-carboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/50—Surfactants; Emulsifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a fruit tree antifreezing agent and a preparation and use method thereof, wherein the fruit tree antifreezing agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1.50-3 parts of sucrose fatty acid ester, 2-5 parts of calcium acetate, 5-10 parts of glycerol, 2-7 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-0.5 part of plant growth regulator, 2-5 parts of nutrient substances and 100 parts of water. Compared with the prior art, the fruit tree antifreezing agent has the advantages of simple preparation method, lower cost, easy long-term storage, no toxicity, no harm, easy biodegradation, no edible chemical residue and no environmental pollution. And the occurrence of fruit tree diseases can be reduced, particularly, a protective film is formed on a cut caused by fruit tree pruning, and the invasion of external diseases is prevented. The surface tension of the antifreeze can be reduced by adding the spreading agent, the wetting and spreading performance of the antifreeze on leaf surfaces is improved, the adhesion capacity of the antifreeze is improved, the anti-freezing effective period is prolonged, and the application method is simple and is easy to operate and use in large-scale agriculture.

Description

Fruit tree antifreezing agent and preparation and use method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to a fruit tree antifreezing agent and a preparation method and a use method thereof
Background
Plant freezing protection has clear requirements in agriculture and forestry. In recent years, particularly, the temperature is low in winter, and the coldness is frequent in late spring, so that the development of agriculture and forestry is seriously influenced, and particularly, the fruit grower is greatly influenced in the aspect of agriculture. The plant antifreezing agent can obviously improve the antifreezing capacity of plants including fruit trees and forest trees, effectively avoid or reduce the damage of late spring coldness, early frost and late frost and the like to the plants, promote the frozen plants to quickly recover the tree vigor, avoid causing greater harm to agriculture and forestry in China, and avoid the reduction of fruit yield and economic loss.
At present, the main means of cold protection and freeze protection of plants is physical freeze protection, namely methods of setting up an air curtain, adding rhizosphere hilling, laying a mulching film, whitewashing a trunk, winding a straw rope and the like. When freezing damage occurs, the ambient temperature is increased by smoking, firing and the like. In general, physical protection methods are costly, have high environmental pollution, and have limited freeze protection capabilities. For chemical antifreezing, a chemical antifreezing agent containing plant nutrients and growth regulating substances is sprayed on the plants to improve the antifreezing and cold-resistant properties of the plants. The traditional plant antifreeze agent has the characteristics of low environmental safety and low biocompatibility, and has the obvious defects of low edible safety, complex preparation process, high cost and the like.
In the prior art, CN110074106A discloses a rosaceous plant antifreezing agent, which takes sorbitol as a main raw material, supplements the sorbitol to rosaceous plants under the condition of low temperature, improves the osmotic pressure inside cells, and lowers the freezing point of intracellular tissue fluid so as to effectively resist against cold environment. Sorbitol is used as main photosynthesis product of Rosaceae plants, is storage carbohydrate of the plants, can regulate plant cell penetration ability, and changes stress resistance of Rosaceae plants. But have limited anti-freeze effects on other plants.
CN110250179A discloses an organic matter-containing plant antifreeze, which adopts nontoxic and pollution-free organic matters containing mainly saccharides, plant active matters and the like to activate the activity of plant bodies, improve the plant resistance and provide nutrient substances for plants. The antifreezing agent can reduce leaf stomata, reduce leaf water loss, lower leaf surface freezing point, and regulate plant cell metabolism to avoid plant freezing injury without affecting plant respiration. However, the preparation of the antifreeze requires the use of high-cost magnetized water, and demagnetization of the magnetized water during long-term storage may reduce the antifreeze performance.
CN108727114A discloses a plant antifreeze prepared from seaweed extract, wherein the seaweed extract in the antifreeze forms a gel protective layer with good toughness on plant leaves, so as to isolate the leaves and bark from contacting with the outside, and reduce the respiration rate, thereby achieving the antifreeze effect of plants. However, the alginic acid used as the raw material needs to be obtained by complicated procedures such as acidolysis, alkaline hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, enzymolysis and the like on marine algae, and has the disadvantages of complicated equipment and process and high cost.
The plant antifreezes disclosed in CN103483053A, CN1194610C, CN103951517B, CN102511270B, etc. all use high-fat films to form protective films on the surfaces of plants, reduce the water loss of plants, and prevent cold air from directly contacting plants. However, high-fat films are easy to fall off from the surface of plants, have poor durability and need to be sprayed and supplemented for multiple times. And the high lipid membrane has poor stability, is suitable for being prepared and used at present and cannot be stored for a long time.
The sucrose fatty acid ester is generally recognized and applied in the fruit fresh-keeping field by the characteristics of safety, no toxicity, environmental protection and antibacterial fresh-keeping in the embedding Technologies to extended the Shelf Life and Stability of Fruits and vegetables, the sucrose fatty acid ester and the Shelf Life of Food (Second Edition),2016 and Pages 399-.
Researches of Qi of Payongchen (2006), Chenli (2009), Chen Fusheng (2011) and the like find that calcium treatment can influence the synthesis of various hormones in fruits and vegetables, can reduce normal physiological metabolic activity of the fruits and vegetables, and reduce the water content in cells, thereby effectively prolonging the storage life and shelf life of the fruits and vegetables, and simultaneously improving the quality of the fruits and vegetables. However, until now, there is no precedent for applying calcium acetate or other organic calcium in the fruit tree antifreezing field.
Disclosure of Invention
The antifreezing agent for fruit trees needs to be safe to eat, reliable in antifreezing effect, free of environmental pollution, simple to use, low in cost and the like so as to meet the requirements of safety, effectiveness and suitability for large-scale agricultural application.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the fruit tree antifreezing agent which is environment-friendly, nontoxic and harmless, simple in preparation process, easy to use and low in cost, and the preparation and use methods thereof. The fruit freezing prevention method effectively solves the problems of fruit eating safety and environmental safety, high cost, complex process, short storage period and the like, and enables a freezing prevention scheme to be accepted by the agricultural market more easily, so that the influence of freezing damage on the fruit yield is reduced, and the economic loss is reduced. The invention can not only improve the frost resistance of the fruit tree, but also protect the fruit tree from being invaded by diseases, in particular to protect the pruning wound of the fruit tree.
The fruit tree antifreezing agent provided by the invention is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1.50-3 parts of sucrose fatty acid ester, 2-5 parts of calcium acetate, 5-10 parts of glycerol, 2-7 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-0.5 part of plant growth regulator, 2-5 parts of nutrient substances and 100 parts of water;
wherein the sucrose fatty acid ester is one of sucrose stearate monoesters available from Mitsubishi corporation of Japan, the types of the sucrose stearate esters are S-570, S-770 and S-970, and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value of the sucrose fatty acid ester is 5-9.
The plant growth regulator can be at least one of brassinolide, abscisic acid and chlormequat chloride; the component can regulate metabolism of plant, promote plant to enter dormancy state during anti-freezing period, and delay growth;
the nutrient substances are one or a mixture of more of potassium fulvate, ammonium humate and compound amino acid; the nutrients provide nutrients to the plant during periods of freezing resistance, ensuring that there is sufficient nutrient reserve for rapid resuscitation when the plant is resuscitated.
The fruit tree antifreezing agent is prepared by the method comprising the following steps:
1) dispersing the sucrose fatty acid ester in a small amount of water according to the parts by weight, heating (the temperature is 60-80 ℃), stirring for dissolving (the temperature is 60-80 ℃), and cooling for later use;
2) mixing glycerol with a small amount of water according to the parts by weight, sequentially adding calcium acetate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, a plant regulator and nutrient substances, and stirring and mixing;
3) adding the dissolved sucrose fatty acid ester into the solution obtained in the step 2), adding water to 100 parts by weight, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fruit tree antifreezing agent.
The fruit tree antifreezing agent can also further comprise a spreader;
the spreading agent may be selected from: at least one of glycerol monolaurate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and ethylene glycol distearate;
when the fruit tree antifreezing agent contains a spreader, the mass ratio of the spreader to the sucrose fatty acid ester can be as follows: 0.01-0.1: 1, specifically 0.05: 1;
the spreader is dissolved in the step 1) together with sucrose fatty acid ester by adding water.
The invention also provides a use method of the fruit tree antifreezing agent.
The application method of the fruit tree antifreezing agent provided by the invention comprises the following steps: after the fruits are picked and the fruit trees are pruned, diluting the fruit trees by adding water in a sunny environment, and spraying the fruit trees on the whole plants for 3-4 times at intervals of 15-30 days; and (4) finishing.
The dilution may be: diluting by 100-200 times.
If the applied fruit tree is grafted or pruned for the second time, the product is diluted by 100-200 times and then applied to the wound to seal the wound when the grafting and pruning are finished.
The application of the fruit tree antifreezing agent in preventing freezing and relieving frostbite of various fruit tree seedlings also belongs to the protection scope of the invention.
In the application, the fruit tree nursery stock can be apple trees and kiwi fruits.
The invention provides a fruit tree antifreezing agent which is environment-friendly, nontoxic and harmless, simple in preparation process, easy to use and low in cost, and a preparation method and a use method thereof. The fruit freezing prevention method effectively solves the problems of fruit eating safety and environmental safety, high cost, complex process, short storage period and the like, and enables a freezing prevention scheme to be accepted by the agricultural market more easily, so that the influence of freezing damage on the fruit yield is reduced, and the economic loss is reduced. The invention can not only improve the frost resistance of the fruit tree, but also protect the fruit tree from being invaded by diseases, in particular to protect the pruning wound of the fruit tree.
The sucrose fatty acid ester used in the invention has surface activity, can reduce the surface tension of leaves, enables other components to be better absorbed by plant leaves, and can form a protective film on the surfaces of plant trees, leaves, flower buds, tree buds and the like so as to reduce the water loss of the leaves and the plants, reduce the freezing point of the surface of the plants, and prevent and protect the disease attack of wounds caused by fruit tree pruning; meanwhile, the sucrose fatty acid ester can reduce the surface tension of leaves and also can be used as a spreader in the fruit tree antifreeze, so that the spraying uniformity and the adhesiveness of the antifreeze are improved.
Compared with the prior art, the fruit tree antifreezing agent has the advantages of simple preparation method, lower cost, easy long-term storage, no toxicity, no harm, easy biodegradation, no edible chemical residue and no environmental pollution. And the occurrence of fruit tree diseases can be reduced, particularly, a protective film is formed on a cut caused by fruit tree pruning, and the invasion of external diseases is prevented. The surface tension of the antifreeze can be reduced by adding the spreading agent, the wetting and spreading performance of the antifreeze on leaf surfaces is improved, the adhesion capacity of the antifreeze is improved, the anti-freezing effective period is prolonged, and the application method is simple and is easy to operate and use in large-scale agriculture.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; reagents, materials and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The fruit tree antifreezing agent formula 6 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of sucrose fatty acid ester (S-770), 3 parts of calcium acetate, 6 parts of glycerol, 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3 part of plant growth regulator, 3 parts of nutrient substances and 80.7 parts of water.
In this embodiment, the plant growth regulator is brassinolide and abscisic acid in the following weight ratio: the brassinolide in parts by weight: abscisic acid 2: 1.
in the embodiment, the nutrient substances are potassium fulvate and compound amino acid, and the weight ratio is as follows: the weight portions are potassium fulvate: complex amino acid 2: 1.
in this embodiment, the fruit tree antifreeze formula 6 further comprises a spreader glycerol monolaurate to form a fruit tree antifreeze formula 7;
formula 7 of the fruit tree antifreeze, wherein the mass ratio of the spreader to the sucrose fatty acid ester in the fruit tree antifreeze is as follows: 0.05: 1.
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) according to the formula of 6 parts by weight in the embodiment 1, dispersing sucrose fatty acid ester into 10 parts by weight of cold water, heating to 70 ℃, stirring for dissolving, and cooling for later use;
2) mixing glycerol and 20 parts by weight of water according to 6 parts by weight of the formula in the embodiment 1, sequentially adding calcium acetate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, a plant regulator and nutrient substances, and stirring and mixing;
3) adding the dissolved sucrose fatty acid ester into the solution obtained in the step 2), adding 50.7 to 100 parts by weight of water, and fully stirring to obtain the fruit tree antifreezing agent.
Antifreeze of other compositions were prepared according to the formulations in the following table, with reference to the preparation described above:
Figure BDA0003015715500000041
Figure BDA0003015715500000051
example 2
Test example 1
Before field test, the fruit tree antifreeze prepared by the formula 6 in the example 1 is tested in a laboratory to verify the effectiveness of the fruit tree antifreeze, and the component proportion of the fruit tree antifreeze is optimized. In the test, 80 apple leaves are randomly picked from the picked apple trees with the same growth and age in the Yanwei Chongning Touguo village of Weiwei City of Shaanxi province, 80 kiwi fruit leaves are randomly picked from the picked kiwi fruit trees with the same growth and age from the Zhou Wei village to the Zhou Xizhenli village of Xian city of Shaanxi province. The selected apple leaves and kiwi fruit leaves are divided into a test group, a control group 1, a control group 2 and a blank group respectively, and each group comprises 40 leaves (20 leaves for each apple leaf and kiwi fruit leaf). At room temperature, the fruit tree antifreezing agent prepared according to the weight part of 6 in the formula of example 1 (10 g of fruit tree antifreezing agent is taken, 150 times diluted water is used for spraying leaves, and 250 ml of the fruit tree antifreezing agent is sprayed on a single leaf per square meter) is sprayed on the front and back sides of the leaves of the test group, 10 g of a commercially available plant antifreezing agent (raptor plant cold-resistant antifreezing solution, Shandong rapt biotechnology limited) is taken on the front and back sides of the leaves of the control group 1, 150 times diluted water is used for spraying 250 ml of the single leaf per square meter, tap water is used for spraying the front and back sides of the leaves of the control group 2, 250 ml of the single leaf per square meter is sprayed on the single leaf per square meter, and the air-white group is not subjected to any spraying treatment. All the sprayed leaves and the blank leaves are air-dried at room temperature for about 30 minutes until no obvious water stain exists on the surfaces of the leaves. All the air-dried leaves were frozen in a freezer pre-cooled to-10 ℃ for 60 minutes. The freezer was then closed and the temperature in the freezer was slowly returned to room temperature. All leaves were then carefully packed individually into clear polyethylene self-sealing bags and allowed to stand at room temperature for 24 hours before all leaves were visually scored for necrotic tissue in the freeze-treated leaves using the percent leaf tissue remaining index method. Each leaf sample was evaluated and scored by visual inspection of the area of necrotic tissue in the leaf relative to the total leaf area. The method scoring table is as follows:
scoring Of significance
1 Basically has no damage to leaf surface
2 Leaf surface injury of less than or equal to 15%
3 15% -30% of leaf surface damage
4 30% -75% of leaf surface damage
5 75-90% of leaf surface damage
6 >90% of leaf surface damage, but no petiole damage
7 >90% leaf surface damage and stalk damage
According to the above scoring table, the test example 1 results are as follows (mean score ± standard deviation):
test group Control group 1 Control group 2 Blank group
Apple tree leaf 1.20±0.38 4.25±0.35 6.50±0.50 5.95±0.76
Kiwi fruit leaf 1.55±0.48 4.50±0.42 6.70±0.47 6.15±0.67
From the results in the table, it can be seen that 6 parts by weight of the fruit tree antifreeze in the formula of example 1 significantly improves the cold resistance of kiwi fruit leaves and apple leaves.
Test example 2
90 kiwi trees which are grown in the same vigor and the same tree age and are picked from the West Ann city of Shaanxi province, the county building and the town viewing Shoulicun village are selected for experiments. The selected 90 kiwi trees are divided into a test group, a control group and a blank group, and 30 kiwi trees are respectively arranged in the three groups. The test group used the fruit tree antifreeze prepared according to the formula 6 in example 1, and a commercially available antifreeze solution (raptor antifreeze solution, Shandong raptor Biotech Co., Ltd.) was used as a control test group. The fruit tree antifreezing agent (100 g) prepared by the formula 6 in the example 1 is diluted by 150 times and then is sprayed on the whole fruit trees in the test group, the fruit trees in the control group are diluted by the dilution times (100 g and 150 times) recommended by the commercial plant antifreezing agent and then are sprayed on the whole fruit trees in the control group, and the fruit trees in the blank group are sprayed on the whole fruit trees by using water for 3 times at intervals of 15 days. Chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm in situ detection and analysis are carried out on 90 kiwi tree leaves involved in the test example by using a pulse modulation fluorometer at 4 months and 1 day of the next year. The photochemical change of a photosystem II of a chlorophyll fluorescence response plant leaf is an evaluation method for reflecting the response of a plant to different environmental stresses, wherein Fv/Fm is the maximum light energy utilization rate of the photosystem II (leaf floating, etc., 2016, report on plant ecology). In Jiankang leaves, Fv/Fm is about 0.82, and when environmental stresses such as freezing injury, drought and the like occur, the Fv/Fm can be reduced (Zhuchenggang and the like, 2011, plant science and report).
To further evaluate the long-term efficacy of the fruit tree antifreeze, one leaf was randomly picked from each of the kiwifruit trees of test example 2, and the corresponding group was recorded, and the freezing stress and Fv/Fm detection and analysis described in test example 2 were performed in the laboratory. Test example 2 results are as follows (mean score ± standard deviation):
Fv/Fm detection for maximum light energy utilization rate of surface light system II
Test group Control group Blank group
In situ field detection 0.813±0.019 0.761±0.025 0.713±0.019
Before freezing stress 0.805±0.024 0.755±0.027 0.705±0.023
Freezing stress for 60 min 0.732±0.033 0.324±0.019 0.164±0.011
Freezing stress for 300 min 0.592±0.031 0.196±0.032 0.177±0.007
From the results in the table, the fruit tree antifreezing agent prepared by 6 parts by weight in the formula in example 1 remarkably improves the growth vigor of kiwi fruit trees in the next spring, and has remarkable drought resistance in the next year, which suggests that the fruit tree antifreezing agent can remarkably improve the anti-late spring coldness capability of kiwi fruit trees.
Test example 3
90 apple trees which are grown in the same growth and tree age and picked in Shanxi province, Weinan city, Linwei district, Chongning Tougu village, are selected for experiment. The 90 selected apple trees are divided into a test group, a control group and a blank group, and 30 apple trees are respectively arranged in the three groups. The test group used the fruit tree antifreeze prepared according to the formula 6 in example 1, and the commercially available antifreeze was a control test group prepared from commercially available antifreeze (raptor plant antifreeze solution, Shandong raptor Biotech Co., Ltd.). Diluting the prepared fruit tree antifreezing agent (100 g) by 150 times, spraying the whole fruit tree of the test group, diluting the fruit tree of the control group by the dilution times (100 g and 150 times) recommended by the commercial plant antifreezing agent, spraying the whole fruit tree of the control group, and spraying the whole fruit tree of the blank group by using water for 3 times continuously with an interval of 25 days. Chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm in situ detection and analysis were performed on 90 apple leaves involved in this experimental example using a pulse modulated fluorometer on day 4, month 1 of the next year. Chlorophyll fluorescence response plant leaf photosystem II photochemical changes are an assessment method to reflect plant responses to different environmental stresses, where Fv/Fm is the maximum light energy utilization of photosystem II (leaves drift et al, 2016, plant ecology report). In Jiankang leaves, Fv/Fm is about 0.82, and when environmental stresses such as freezing injury, drought and the like occur, the Fv/Fm can be reduced (Zhuchenggang and the like, 2011, plant science and report).
To further evaluate the long-term efficacy of the fruit tree antifreeze, one leaf was randomly picked from each of the apple trees of test example 3, and the corresponding group was recorded, and the freezing stress and Fv/Fm detection and analysis described in test example 3 were performed in the laboratory. Test example 3 results are as follows (mean score ± standard deviation):
Fv/Fm detection for maximum light energy utilization rate of surface light system II
Figure BDA0003015715500000071
Figure BDA0003015715500000081
From the results in the table, the fruit tree antifreezing agent with 6 parts by weight in the formula in example 1 remarkably improves the growth vigor of apple trees in the spring of the next year, and has remarkable drought resistance in the next year, which suggests that the fruit tree antifreezing agent can remarkably improve the anti-late spring coldness resistance of apples.
Test example 4
Before field test, the fruit tree antifreeze prepared by 7 formulas in example 1 is tested in a laboratory to optimize the component ratio of the fruit tree antifreeze to obtain the best fruit tree antifreeze effect. In the test, 160 apple leaves are randomly picked from the picked apple trees with the same growth vigor and the same tree age in the Shanxi Weinan city region Chongning Tougu, and 160 kiwi fruit leaves are randomly picked from the picked kiwi fruit trees with the same growth vigor and the same tree age from the Wen' an city of Shanxi to the Zhou-Zhen-Shilicun of the county building. The selected apple leaves and kiwi fruit leaves are divided into test groups 1-7 and blank groups respectively, and each group comprises 40 leaves (each apple leaf and kiwi fruit leaf comprises 20 leaves). At room temperature, one formula of 7 fruit tree antifreezes prepared according to the weight parts of the formula in example 1 is applied to the front side and the back side of each test group of leaves (test group 1 sprays the formula 1 in example 1 to prepare the fruit tree antifreezer, test group 2 sprays the formula 2 in example 1 to prepare the fruit tree antifreezer, test group 3 sprays the formula 3 in example 1 to prepare the fruit tree antifreezer, test group 4 sprays the formula 4 in example 1 to prepare the fruit tree antifreezer, and the like, the spray test of the formula 7 in example 1 is carried out, 10 g of the fruit tree antifreezer is taken in each test, 150 times of the fruit tree antifreezer is diluted by water and sprayed on the leaves, 250 ml of the single leaf per square meter is sprayed), and the spray treatment is not carried out on the empty group. All the sprayed leaves and the blank leaves are air-dried at room temperature for about 30 minutes until no obvious water stain is formed on the surfaces of the leaves. All the air-dried leaves were frozen in a freezer pre-cooled to-10 ℃ for 60 minutes. The freezer was then closed and the temperature in the freezer was slowly returned to room temperature. All leaves were then carefully packed individually into clear polyethylene self-sealing bags and allowed to stand at room temperature for 24 hours before all leaves were visually scored for necrotic tissue in the freeze-treated leaves using the percent leaf tissue remaining index method. Each leaf sample was evaluated and scored by visual inspection of the area of necrotic tissue in the leaf relative to the total leaf area. The method scoring table is as follows:
scoring Of significance
1 Basically has no damage to leaf surface
2 Leaf surface injury of less than or equal to 15%
3 15% -30% of leaf surface damage
4 30% -75% of leaf surface damage
5 75-90% of leaf surface damage
6 >90% of leaf surface damage, but no petiole damage
7 >90% leaf surface damage and stalk damage
According to the above scoring table, the test example 4 results are as follows (mean score ± standard deviation):
Figure BDA0003015715500000082
Figure BDA0003015715500000091
from the above results, it can be seen that the fruit tree antifreezes prepared in the formula 1-6 parts by weight in the embodiment 1 significantly improve the cold resistance of kiwi fruit leaves and apple tree leaves, wherein the fruit tree antifreezes prepared in the formula 6 parts by weight have slightly higher antifreezing effects on the apple tree leaves and the apple tree leaves than the fruit tree antifreezes prepared in the formula 1-5 parts by weight, and the fruit tree antifreezes prepared in the formula 7 parts by weight and formed by adding the spreader on the basis of the formula 6 have better antifreezing effects. To sum up, the formulas 1 to 6 in the embodiment 1 can be all used for preparing the antifreeze solution for fruit trees, wherein the formula 6 is an optimized proportioning scheme of the antifreeze agent for fruit trees, and the spreader can improve the antifreeze effect of the antifreeze solution for fruit trees prepared by the formula 6, because the surface tension of the antifreeze agent is reduced by adding the spreader, the wetting and spreading performance of the antifreeze agent on leaf surfaces is improved, and the adhesion capability of the antifreeze agent is improved.
Although only the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art, and the changes are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The fruit tree antifreezing agent consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1.50-3 parts of sucrose fatty acid ester, 2-5 parts of calcium acetate, 5-10 parts of glycerol, 2-7 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-0.5 part of plant growth regulator, 2-5 parts of nutrient substances and 100 parts of water;
the plant growth regulator is at least one of brassinolide, abscisic acid and chlormequat chloride;
the nutrient substance is one or a mixture of more of potassium fulvate, ammonium humate and compound amino acid.
2. The fruit tree antifreeze of claim 1, wherein: the fruit tree antifreezing agent further comprises a spreader;
the spreader is selected from: at least one of glycerol monolaurate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and ethylene glycol distearate;
when the fruit tree antifreezing agent contains a spreader, the mass ratio of the spreader to the sucrose fatty acid ester is as follows: 0.01-0.1: 1.
3. the method for preparing the fruit tree antifreeze of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) dispersing sucrose fatty acid ester in a small amount of cold water according to the parts by weight, heating, stirring for dissolving, and cooling for later use;
2) mixing glycerol with a small amount of water according to the parts by weight, sequentially adding calcium acetate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, a plant regulator and nutrient substances, and stirring and mixing;
3) adding the dissolved sucrose fatty acid ester into the solution obtained in the step 2), adding water to 100 parts by weight, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fruit tree antifreezing agent.
4. The method for preparing the fruit tree antifreeze of claim 2, comprising the steps of:
1) dispersing sucrose fatty acid ester and a spreader in a small amount of cold water, heating, stirring for dissolving, and cooling for later use;
2) mixing glycerol with a small amount of water according to the parts by weight, sequentially adding calcium acetate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, a plant regulator and nutrient substances, and stirring and mixing;
3) adding the dissolved sucrose fatty acid ester into the solution obtained in the step 2), adding water to 100 parts by weight, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fruit tree antifreezing agent.
5. The use of the fruit tree cryoprotectant of claim 1 or 2 for the cryoprotection and cold injury relief of various types of fruit tree seedlings.
6. The use method of the fruit tree antifreeze of claim 1 or 2, comprising: after the fruits are picked and the fruit trees are pruned, diluting the fruit tree antifreezing agent with water in a sunny environment, and spraying the whole fruit tree plant for 3-4 times at intervals of 15-30 days.
7. Use according to claim 6, characterized in that: the applied fruit trees are grafted or trimmed for the second time, and the product is applied to the wound part after being diluted by 100-200 times to seal the wound when the grafting and trimming are finished.
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