CN113133457B - Fruit tree antifreezing agent and preparation and use method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a fruit tree antifreezing agent and a preparation and use method thereof, wherein the fruit tree antifreezing agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1.50-3 parts of sucrose fatty acid ester, 2-5 parts of calcium acetate, 5-10 parts of glycerol, 2-7 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-0.5 part of plant growth regulator, 2-5 parts of nutrient substances and 100 parts of water. Compared with the prior art, the fruit tree antifreezing agent has the advantages of simple preparation method, lower cost, easy long-term storage, no toxicity, no harm, easy biodegradation, no edible chemical residue and no environmental pollution. And the occurrence of fruit tree diseases can be reduced, particularly, a protective film is formed on a cut caused by fruit tree pruning, and the invasion of external diseases is prevented. The surface tension of the antifreeze can be reduced by adding the spreading agent, the wetting and spreading performance of the antifreeze on leaf surfaces is improved, the adhesion capacity of the antifreeze is improved, the anti-freezing effective period is prolonged, and the application method is simple and is easy to operate and use in large-scale agriculture.

Description

A kind of fruit tree antifreeze and preparation and use method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to a fruit tree antifreeze and a preparation and use method thereof

Background technique

Plant antifreeze has a clear need in both agriculture and forestry. Especially in recent years, the low temperature in winter and the frequent occurrence of cold in the late spring have seriously affected the development of agriculture and forestry, especially in terms of agriculture, which has had a great impact on fruit farmers. Plant antifreeze can significantly improve the frost resistance of plants, including fruit trees and forest trees, effectively avoid or reduce the damage to plants caused by late spring cold, morning and evening frost, and promote the rapid recovery of frostbitten plants. Harm, avoid fruit yield decline and economic losses.

At present, the main means of preventing cold and freezing of plants is physical freezing, that is, setting up wind tents, increasing rhizosphere soil, laying mulch, white coating tree trunks, and winding grass ropes. When freezing damage occurs, the ambient temperature is increased by means of smoking and arson. In general, physical protection methods are costly, pollute the environment, and have limited protection against freezing damage. For chemical antifreeze, plants are sprayed with chemical antifreeze agents containing plant nutrients and growth regulators to improve the plants' frost resistance and cold resistance. The traditional plant antifreeze has the characteristics of low environmental safety and low biocompatibility, and has significant shortcomings such as low edible safety, complicated preparation process and high cost.

In the prior art, CN110074106A discloses an antifreeze agent for Rosaceae plants, the antifreeze agent uses sorbitol as the main raw material, supplements sorbitol to Rosaceae plants under low temperature conditions, increases the internal osmotic pressure of cells, reduces the freezing point of intracellular tissue fluid, and reduces the freezing point of intracellular tissue fluid. Effective against cold environments. As the main photosynthesis product of Rosaceae plants, sorbitol is the storage carbohydrate of such plants, which can regulate the osmotic capacity of plant cells and change the stress resistance of Rosaceae plants. But for other plants, the antifreeze effect is limited.

CN110250179A discloses an organic-containing plant antifreeze, which uses non-toxic and non-polluting organics mainly containing sugars, plant actives, etc. to activate plant activity, improve plant resistance, and can provide plants with nutrients . The antifreeze can reduce leaf stomata without affecting plant respiration, reduce leaf water loss, lower the freezing point of leaf surface, and regulate plant cell metabolism to avoid freezing damage to plants. However, the preparation of the antifreeze requires the use of high-cost magnetized water, and demagnetization of the magnetized water in long-term storage will reduce the performance of the antifreeze.

CN108727114A discloses a plant antifreeze prepared by using seaweed extract, the seaweed extract in the antifreeze forms a gel protective layer with good toughness on plant leaves, isolates the contact between leaves and bark and the outside world, reduces respiration rate, In order to achieve the antifreeze effect of plants. However, the raw material alginic acid used needs to be obtained through complex acid hydrolysis, alkali hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, enzymatic hydrolysis and other processes of marine algae, which requires complex equipment and process and high cost.

The plant antifreezes disclosed in CN103483053A, CN1194610C, CN103951517B, CN102511270B and the like all use a high-fat film to form a protective film on the surface of plants, reduce plant water loss, and prevent cold air from directly contacting plants. However, the high-fat film is easy to fall off from the surface of the plant, and the persistence is poor, requiring multiple spraying and replenishment. In addition, the high lipid film has poor stability, and is suitable for current use and cannot be stored for a long time.

M.J.Sousa-Gallagher in Emerging Technologies to Extend the Shelf Life and Stability of Fruits and Vegetables. The Stability and Shelf Life of Food (Second Edition), 2016, Pages 399-430, introduced sucrose fatty acid esters as safe, non-toxic, green The characteristics of antibacterial and fresh-keeping are widely recognized and applied in the field of fruit preservation, but so far, there is no precedent for the application of sucrose fatty acid esters in the field of fruit tree antifreeze.

Fu Yongqi (2006), Chen Li (2009), Chen Fusheng (2011) and others found that calcium treatment can affect the synthesis of various hormones in fruits and vegetables, and can reduce the normal physiological metabolic activities of fruits and vegetables, and reduce the intracellular content of calcium. Water volume, thus effectively prolonging the storage life and delivery time of fruits and vegetables, and improving the quality of fruits and vegetables. However, so far, there is no precedent for the application of calcium acetate or other organic calcium in the field of fruit tree antifreeze.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

For fruit tree antifreeze, it needs to be safe to eat, reliable antifreeze effect, no environmental pollution, simple to use, low cost, etc., to meet the needs of safe, effective, and suitable for large-scale agricultural applications.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an antifreeze for fruit trees, which is environmentally friendly, non-toxic and harmless, has a simple preparation process, is easy to use and has low cost, and its preparation and use methods. It effectively solves the food safety and environmental safety of fruit, and solves the problems of high cost, complex process and short storage period, so that the antifreeze solution is more easily accepted by the agricultural market, so as to reduce the impact of freezing damage on fruit production and reduce economic losses. . The invention can not only improve the frost resistance of fruit trees, but also can protect the fruit trees from being attacked by diseases, especially the pruning wounds of the fruit trees.

The fruit tree antifreeze provided by the present invention is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1.50-3 parts of sucrose fatty acid ester, 2-5 parts of calcium acetate, 5-10 parts of glycerol, 2-7 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, plant growth regulator 0.1 to 0.5 parts of the agent, 2 to 5 parts of nutrients, add water to 100 parts;

Wherein, the sucrose fatty acid ester is the sucrose stearic acid monoester purchased from Japan's Mitsubishi Corporation, and the model is one of S-570, S-770, and S-970, and its hydrophilic and lipophilic balance (HLB) 5 to 9.

The plant growth regulator can be at least one of brassinolide, abscisic acid and chlorophyll; the component regulates plant metabolism, prompts plants to enter a dormant state during antifreeze, and delays growth;

The nutrient substance is a mixture of one or more of potassium humate, ammonium humate, and complex amino acids; the nutrient substance provides nutrients during the antifreeze period of the plant to ensure that there is sufficient nutrient reserve during plant recovery to quickly recovery.

The above-mentioned fruit tree antifreeze is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:

1) in parts by weight, get the sucrose fatty acid ester and disperse it in a small amount of water, heat (temperature 60-80 ℃), stir and dissolve (temperature 60-80 ℃), and cool it for later use;

2) in parts by weight, get glycerol and mix with a small amount of water, add calcium acetate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, plant regulator, nutrients successively, and stir and mix;

3) Add the dissolved sucrose fatty acid ester to the solution obtained in step 2), add water to 100 parts by weight, and mix to obtain an antifreeze for fruit trees.

The fruit tree antifreeze may further include a spreading agent;

The spreading agent can be selected from: at least one of glycerol monolaurate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and ethylene glycol distearate;

When the fruit tree antifreeze contains a spreading agent, the mass ratio of the spreading agent and the sucrose fatty acid ester may be: 0.01-0.1:1, specifically 0.05:1;

The spreading agent is dissolved in water together with the sucrose fatty acid ester in step 1).

The present invention also provides a method of using the above-mentioned fruit tree antifreeze.

The use method of the fruit tree antifreeze provided by the present invention includes: after fruit picking and fruit tree pruning, in a sunny environment, taking this product and diluting it with water, and spraying the whole fruit tree 3 to 4 times, with an interval of 15-10 minutes each time. 30 days; OK.

The dilution may be: 100-200 times dilution.

If the fruit tree is used for grafting or secondary pruning, use 100 to 200 times dilution to apply this product to the wound to seal the wound when grafting and pruning are completed.

The application of the above-mentioned fruit tree antifreeze agent in the antifreeze and frostbite relief of various fruit tree seedlings also belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the application, the fruit tree seedlings may specifically be apple trees and kiwi fruit.

The invention provides an antifreeze for fruit trees, which is environmentally friendly, non-toxic and harmless, simple in preparation process, easy to use and low in cost, and a preparation and use method thereof. It effectively solves the food safety and environmental safety of fruit, and solves the problems of high cost, complex process and short storage period, so that the antifreeze solution is more easily accepted by the agricultural market, so as to reduce the impact of freezing damage on fruit production and reduce economic losses. . The invention can not only improve the frost resistance of fruit trees, but also can protect the fruit trees from being attacked by diseases, especially the pruning wounds of the fruit trees.

The sucrose fatty acid ester used in the present invention has surface activity and can reduce the surface tension of leaves, so that other components can be better absorbed by plant leaves. Form a protective film to reduce the water loss of leaves and plants, reduce the freezing point of the plant surface, and prevent and protect the disease invasion of wounds caused by fruit tree pruning; at the same time, sucrose fatty acid esters are also used in fruit tree antifreeze because they can reduce the surface tension of leaves. Spreader to improve the uniformity and adhesion of antifreeze spray.

Compared with the prior art, the fruit tree antifreeze agent of the present invention has the advantages of simple preparation method, low cost, easy long-term storage, non-toxic and harmless, easy biodegradation, no edible chemical residues and no environmental pollution. And it can reduce the occurrence of fruit tree diseases, especially when the fruit tree pruning causes wounds to form a protective film to prevent the invasion of external diseases. The addition of the spreading agent can reduce the surface tension of the antifreeze, increase the wetting and spreadability of the antifreeze on the leaf surface, improve the adhesion ability of the antifreeze, and increase the validity period of the antifreeze.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described below through specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

The experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents, materials, etc. used in the following examples can be obtained from commercial sources unless otherwise specified.

Example 1

Fruit tree antifreeze formulation 6, consisting of the following components and parts by weight: 2 parts of sucrose fatty acid ester (S-770), 3 parts of calcium acetate, 6 parts of glycerin, 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3 parts of plant growth regulator, nutrition 3 parts of substance, 80.7 parts of water.

In this embodiment, the plant growth regulator is brassin lactone and abscisic acid, and the ratio by weight is: parts by weight: brassin lactone:abscisic acid=2:1.

In this embodiment, the nutrients are potassium fulvic acid and compound amino acid, and the weight ratio is: potassium fulvic acid: compound amino acid=2:1 in parts by weight.

The fruit tree antifreeze formulation 6 described in the present embodiment also further comprises a spreading agent monolaurin to form the fruit tree antifreeze formulation 7;

The mass ratio of spreading agent and sucrose fatty acid ester in the fruit tree antifreeze agent described in formula 7 of the fruit tree antifreeze agent is: 0.05:1.

The preparation method, the steps are as follows:

1) According to 6 parts by weight of the formula in Example 1, get sucrose fatty acid ester and disperse it in 10 parts by weight of cold water, heat to 70° C., stir and dissolve, and cool for subsequent use;

2) according to 6 parts by weight of formula in Example 1, get glycerol and mix with 20 parts by weight of water, add calcium acetate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, plant conditioner, nutrients successively, stir and mix;

3) Add the dissolved sucrose fatty acid ester to the solution obtained in step 2), and add 50.7 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of water to fully stir to obtain an antifreeze for fruit trees.

Other compositions of antifreeze were prepared according to the formula in the following table with reference to the above preparation method:

Example 2

Test Example 1

Before conducting the field test, the fruit tree antifreeze agent prepared by formula 6 in Example 1 was tested in the laboratory to verify the effectiveness of the fruit tree antifreeze agent, and to optimize the distribution ratio of each component of the fruit tree antifreeze agent. The experiment selected Guo Village, Chongning Town, Linwei District, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province. 80 apple leaves were randomly picked from the apple trees with the same growth and the same age after picking, and Xiaoli Village, Louguan Town, Zhouzhi County, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province was selected. After picking, 80 kiwi fruit leaves were randomly picked from the kiwifruit trees. The selected apple leaves and kiwifruit leaves were divided into test group, control group 1, control group 2 and blank group, with 40 leaves in each group (20 pieces of apple leaves and 20 leaves of kiwifruit). At room temperature, carry out the fruit tree antifreeze (get the fruit tree antifreeze of 10 grams, dilute 150 times with water to the leaf spray, every square meter of single face leaf spray) 250 ml) spray, and at the same time, spray 10 grams of commercially available plant antifreeze (Ripsheng Plant Antifreeze, Shandong Ruipu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) on the front and back of the leaves of the control group 1, dilute 150 times, and spray each square meter. One side of the leaves was sprayed with 250 ml, while the front and back sides of the leaves in the control group 2 were sprayed with tap water, 250 ml per square meter on a single side of the leaves, and no spray treatment was performed on the blank group. After spraying, all the leaves and the leaves of the blank group were air-dried at room temperature for about 30 minutes, until there was no obvious water stain on the surface of the leaves. All air-dried leaves were placed in a freezer pre-cooled to -10 °C for 60 minutes. Then close the freezer and allow the inside of the freezer to slowly return to room temperature. All leaves were then carefully placed individually in clear polyethylene ziplock bags and left to stand at room temperature for 24 hours before visual scoring of necrotic tissue in cryo-treated leaves using the Leaf Tissue Remaining Percent Index method for all leaves. Each leaf sample was assessed and scored by visual inspection of leaf necrotic tissue area relative to total leaf area. The method scoring table is as follows:

score significance 1 Basically no damage to the leaves 2 ≤15% foliar damage 3 15%-30% foliar damage 4 30%-75% foliar damage 5 75%-90% foliar damage 6 >90% foliar damage, but no petiole damage 7 >90% foliar damage and stalk damage

According to the above-mentioned scoring table, the results of Test Example 1 are as follows (mean value ± standard deviation of scoring):

test group control group 1 control group 2 blank group apple leaves 1.20±0.38 4.25±0.35 6.50±0.50 5.95±0.76 kiwi leaves 1.55±0.48 4.50±0.42 6.70±0.47 6.15±0.67

It can be seen from the results in the above table that 6 parts by weight of fruit tree antifreeze in Example 1 significantly improves the cold resistance of kiwi fruit leaves and apple leaves.

Test Example 2

90 kiwifruit trees of the same growth and age after picking were selected for the experiment in Xiaoli Village, Louguan Town, Zhouzhi County, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. The selected 90 kiwifruit trees were divided into experimental group, control group and blank group, with 30 trees in each of the three groups. The test group used the fruit tree antifreeze prepared in the formula 6 of Example 1, and the commercially available plant antifreeze (Ripson Plant Antifreeze, Shandong Ruipu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) was used as the control test group. The fruit tree antifreeze (100 grams) prepared by embodiment 1 formula 6 is sprayed on the fruit tree of the test group after 150 times of dilution, and the control group is diluted by the recommended dilution times of the commercially available plant antifreeze (100 grams, 150 times of dilution. ), the fruit trees in the control group were sprayed on the whole plant, and the blank group was sprayed on the whole plant with water, and sprayed continuously for 3 times with an interval of 15 days. On April 1st of the second year, the chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm in situ detection and analysis of 90 kiwifruit leaves involved in this test example were carried out using a pulse modulation fluorometer. Chlorophyll fluorescence in response to photochemical changes of plant leaf photosystem II is an evaluation method that reflects the response of plants to different environmental stresses, in which Fv/Fm is the maximum light energy utilization rate of photosystem II (Zye Piao et al., 2016, Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology). In the leaves of Jiankang, Fv/Fm is about 0.82. When environmental stress such as freezing injury and drought occurs, Fv/Fm will decrease (Zhu Chenggang et al., 2011, Acta Botany).

In order to further evaluate the long-term effect of the fruit tree antifreeze, from the kiwi fruit trees involved in the test example 2, each tree randomly picked a leaf, and recorded the corresponding group, and carried out the freezing described in the test example 2 in the laboratory. Stress and Fv/Fm detection and analysis. The results of test example 2 are as follows (score average ± standard deviation):

Surface Light System II Maximum Light Energy Utilization Fv/Fm Detection

test group control group blank group On-site in situ inspection 0.813±0.019 0.761±0.025 0.713±0.019 Before freezing stress 0.805±0.024 0.755±0.027 0.705±0.023 Freeze stress for 60 minutes 0.732±0.033 0.324±0.019 0.164±0.011 Freeze stress for 300 minutes 0.592±0.031 0.196±0.032 0.177±0.007

As can be seen from the results in the above table, the fruit tree antifreeze prepared by formula 6 weight parts in Example 1 significantly improves the growth of kiwifruit trees in the next spring, and still has significant drought resistance in the next year, suggesting that the fruit tree antifreeze can be Significantly improve the ability of kiwifruit to resist the cold of spring.

Test Example 3

90 apple trees of the same growth, the same age and after picking were selected for the experiment in Guo Village, Chongning Town, Linwei District, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province. The selected 90 apple trees were divided into experimental group, control group and blank group, with 30 trees in each of the three groups. The test group adopted the fruit tree antifreeze prepared by formula 6 in Example 1, and the commercially available plant antifreeze was used as a control experiment with commercially available plant antifreeze (Ripson Plant Antifreeze, Shandong Ruipu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.). Group. The prepared fruit tree antifreeze (100 grams) was diluted by 150 times and then sprayed on the whole fruit trees of the test group. The control group was diluted according to the recommended dilution times of the commercially available plant antifreeze (100 grams, 150 times dilution). The fruit trees were sprayed on the whole plant, and the blank group was sprayed with water on the whole plant, and sprayed 3 times in a row, with an interval of 25 days each time. On April 1st of the second year, the chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm in situ detection and analysis of 90 apple leaves involved in this test example were carried out using a pulse modulation fluorometer. Chlorophyll fluorescence in response to photochemical changes of plant leaf photosystem II is an evaluation method that reflects the response of plants to different environmental stresses, in which Fv/Fm is the maximum light energy utilization rate of photosystem II (Zye Piao et al., 2016, Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology). In the leaves of Jiankang, Fv/Fm is about 0.82. When environmental stress such as freezing injury and drought occurs, Fv/Fm will decrease (Zhu Chenggang et al., 2011, Acta Botany).

In order to further evaluate the long-term effect of the fruit tree antifreeze, from the apple tree involved in the test example 3, a leaf is randomly picked from each tree, and the corresponding group is recorded, and the freezing described in the test example 3 is carried out in the laboratory. Stress and Fv/Fm detection and analysis. The results of test example 3 are as follows (average score ± standard deviation):

Surface Light System II Maximum Light Energy Utilization Fv/Fm Detection

As can be seen from the results in the above table, in Example 1, 6 parts by weight of fruit tree antifreeze agent significantly improved the growth of apple trees in the spring of the following year, and still had significant drought resistance in the following year, suggesting that the fruit tree antifreeze agent can significantly improve apple trees. The ability to resist the cold spring.

Test Example 4

Before the field test, the fruit tree antifreeze agent prepared by the 7 formulas in Example 1 was tested in the laboratory to optimize the distribution ratio of each component of the fruit tree antifreeze agent to obtain the best fruit tree antifreeze effect. The experiment selected Guo Village, Chongning Town, Linwei District, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province. 160 apple leaves were randomly picked from apple trees with the same growth and age after picking, and Xiaoli Village, Louguan Town, Zhouzhi County, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province was selected. After picking, 160 kiwi fruit leaves were randomly picked from the kiwi fruit trees. The selected apple leaves and kiwifruit leaves were divided into experimental groups 1-7 and blank groups, each with 40 leaves (20 apple leaves and 20 kiwifruit leaves each). At room temperature, carry out a kind of formula of the fruit tree antifreeze agent obtained by 7 kinds of formula weight parts in Example 1 (the test group 1 sprays the fruit tree antifreeze agent in Example 1 to make the fruit tree antifreeze agent on the front and back sides of the leaves, test Group 2 sprays the fruit tree antifreeze in Example 1 with the formula 2, test group 3 sprays the fruit tree antifreeze in Example 1 with the formula 3, and test group 4 sprays the fruit tree antifreeze in Example 1 with the formula 4, and so on. , carry out the spray test of the formula in 7 among the embodiment 1, in each test, the fruit tree antifreeze agent takes 10 grams of the fruit tree antifreeze agent, diluted 150 times with water to the leaf spray, and the single-sided leaf per square meter is sprayed with 250 milliliters) spray, to The blank group was not subjected to any spray treatment. After spraying, all the leaves and the leaves of the blank group were air-dried at room temperature for about 30 minutes, until there was no obvious water stain on the surface of the leaves. All the air-dried leaves were placed in a freezer pre-cooled to -10°C for 60 minutes. Then close the freezer and allow the temperature inside the freezer to slowly return to room temperature. All leaves were then carefully packed individually into clear polyethylene ziplock bags and left to stand at room temperature for 24 hours before visual scoring of necrotic tissue in cryo-treated leaves using the Leaf Tissue Remaining Percent Index method for all leaves. Each leaf sample was assessed and scored by visual inspection of leaf necrotic tissue area relative to total leaf area. The method scoring table is as follows:

score significance 1 Basically no damage to the leaves 2 ≤15% foliar damage 3 15%-30% foliar damage 4 30%-75% foliar damage 5 75%-90% foliar damage 6 >90% foliar damage, but no petiole damage 7 >90% foliar damage and stalk damage

According to the above-mentioned scoring table, the results of test example 4 are as follows (mean value ± standard deviation of scoring):

As can be seen from the results in the above table, the fruit tree antifreeze prepared by the formulas 1 to 6 parts by weight in Example 1 all significantly improved the cold resistance of kiwi fruit leaves and apple leaves, and the fruit tree antifreeze prepared by the formula 6 parts by weight was resistant to apple leaves and apple leaves. The antifreeze effect of kiwi fruit leaves is slightly higher than that of the fruit tree antifreeze prepared with the formula 1-5 weight parts, and the fruit tree antifreeze prepared with the formula 7 weight parts of the spreader on the basis of the formula 6 shows better antifreeze effect. To sum up, formulas 1 to 6 in Example 1 can be used for the preparation of fruit tree antifreeze, wherein formula 6 is an optimized fruit tree antifreeze ratio scheme, and the spreading agent can improve the antifreeze effect of the fruit tree antifreeze prepared by formula 6. The reason is that the addition of the spreading agent reduces the surface tension of the antifreeze, increases the wetting and spreadability of the antifreeze on the leaf surface, and improves the adhesion ability of the antifreeze.

Only the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those of ordinary skill in the art, various Various changes should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The fruit tree antifreezing agent consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1.50-3 parts of sucrose fatty acid ester, 2-5 parts of calcium acetate, 5-10 parts of glycerol, 2-7 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-0.5 part of plant growth regulator, 2-5 parts of nutrient substances and 100 parts of water;

the plant growth regulator is at least one of brassinolide, abscisic acid and chlormequat chloride;

the nutrient substance is one or a mixture of more of potassium fulvate, ammonium humate and compound amino acid.

2. The fruit tree antifreeze of claim 1, wherein: the fruit tree antifreezing agent further comprises a spreader;

the spreader is selected from: at least one of glycerol monolaurate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and ethylene glycol distearate;

when the fruit tree antifreezing agent contains a spreader, the mass ratio of the spreader to the sucrose fatty acid ester is as follows: 0.01-0.1: 1.

3. the method for preparing the fruit tree antifreeze of claim 1, comprising the steps of:

1) dispersing sucrose fatty acid ester in a small amount of cold water according to the parts by weight, heating, stirring for dissolving, and cooling for later use;

2) mixing glycerol with a small amount of water according to the parts by weight, sequentially adding calcium acetate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, a plant regulator and nutrient substances, and stirring and mixing;

3) adding the dissolved sucrose fatty acid ester into the solution obtained in the step 2), adding water to 100 parts by weight, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fruit tree antifreezing agent.

4. The method for preparing the fruit tree antifreeze of claim 2, comprising the steps of:

1) dispersing sucrose fatty acid ester and a spreader in a small amount of cold water, heating, stirring for dissolving, and cooling for later use;

2) mixing glycerol with a small amount of water according to the parts by weight, sequentially adding calcium acetate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, a plant regulator and nutrient substances, and stirring and mixing;

3) adding the dissolved sucrose fatty acid ester into the solution obtained in the step 2), adding water to 100 parts by weight, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fruit tree antifreezing agent.

5. The use of the fruit tree cryoprotectant of claim 1 or 2 for the cryoprotection and cold injury relief of various types of fruit tree seedlings.

6. The use method of the fruit tree antifreeze of claim 1 or 2, comprising: after the fruits are picked and the fruit trees are pruned, diluting the fruit tree antifreezing agent with water in a sunny environment, and spraying the whole fruit tree plant for 3-4 times at intervals of 15-30 days.

7. Use according to claim 6, characterized in that: the applied fruit trees are grafted or trimmed for the second time, and the product is applied to the wound part after being diluted by 100-200 times to seal the wound when the grafting and trimming are finished.