CN113125008A - Hyperspectral camera, spectrometer and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
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- CN113125008A CN113125008A CN201911423948.7A CN201911423948A CN113125008A CN 113125008 A CN113125008 A CN 113125008A CN 201911423948 A CN201911423948 A CN 201911423948A CN 113125008 A CN113125008 A CN 113125008A
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 34
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000701 chemical imaging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
Abstract
The invention discloses a hyperspectral camera, a spectrometer and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the hyperspectral camera comprises: each camera unit comprises an optical lens, a light homogenizing column, a multiband optical filter and an image sensor which are sequentially arranged, and the optical lens is used for acquiring spectral information of a measured object; the light homogenizing column is used for uniformly distributing the spectral information of the object to be measured on the multiband optical filter; the multiband optical filter is used for splitting the spectrum of a measured object and is formed by splicing a plurality of single-waveband optical filters; the image sensor is used for receiving the spectral energy of the measured object. By implementing the invention, a plurality of camera units comprising multi-band filters are combined, and each filter corresponds to a plurality of camera sensor pixel points, so that the detection efficiency, the spectrum detection width and the spectrum detection precision of the spectrum camera are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hyperspectral imaging, in particular to a hyperspectral camera, a spectrometer and a manufacturing method of the hyperspectral camera and the spectrometer.
Background
The hyperspectral remote sensing technology integrates the spectrum technology and the imaging technology, and is an important direction for the development of the current international earth observation remote sensing technology. The hyperspectral data has important significance for recognition and analysis of ground objects, and is widely applied to various fields such as water pollution detection, heavy metal substance detection, vegetation coverage detection, metal mine detection and the like.
The current hyperspectral imaging main structure comprises a beam splitter prism, a diffraction grating or a mosaic optical filter and the like. The spectral prism or diffraction grating type hyperspectral imager performs spectral analysis in a push-scanning mode, scans line by line, is low in imaging speed, can be distorted and deformed due to equipment shaking and the like in scanning imaging, and is low in detection precision. A mosaic hyperspectral imager plates band-pass light sheets of different wave bands in front of a single pixel point to realize hyperspectral detection. However, due to the edge diffusion effect, the coating film can cause interference to the transmission wavelength of the adjacent pixel points, the manufacturing process is complex, the yield is low, and the cost is extremely high. And the pixel point of the mosaic hyperspectral imager formed by manufacturing has small area, small photosensitive area and low detection efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a hyperspectral camera, a spectrometer, and a manufacturing method thereof, so as to solve the technical problems in the prior art that a hyperspectral imaging structure is low in detection accuracy and detection efficiency.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a hyperspectral camera, including: each camera unit comprises an optical lens, a light homogenizing column, a multiband optical filter and an image sensor which are sequentially arranged, and the optical lens is used for acquiring spectral information of a measured object; the light homogenizing column is used for uniformly distributing the spectral information of the object to be measured on the multiband optical filter; the multiband optical filter is used for splitting the spectrum of a measured object and is formed by splicing a plurality of single-waveband optical filters; the image sensor is used for receiving the spectral energy of the measured object.
Optionally, the center wavelengths of the plurality of single-band filters in the multiband filter are different from each other, and the center wavelengths of the single-band filters in different camera units are different from each other.
Optionally, the central wavelength portions of the plurality of single-band filters in the multiband filter are the same, and the central wavelength portions of the single-band filters in different camera units are the same.
Optionally, the multiband optical filter is formed by splicing a plurality of single-band optical filters in an x by y manner, where x single-band optical filters are in the horizontal direction, and y single-band optical filters are in the vertical direction.
Optionally, an antireflection film is arranged on the incident surface of the light homogenizing column, and a band-pass film is arranged on the exit surface of the light homogenizing column.
Optionally, each of the single-band filters in the multiband filter is a narrowband filter.
A second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a hyperspectral camera, including: manufacturing a single-waveband optical filter according to requirements; splicing the single-band optical filters to form a multi-band optical filter; sequentially mounting an optical lens, a light homogenizing column, a multiband optical filter and an image sensor to form a camera unit; assembling at least two camera units to obtain the hyperspectral camera.
Optionally, the multiband optical filter is formed by splicing a plurality of single-band optical filters in an x by y manner, where x single-band optical filters are in the horizontal direction, and y single-band optical filters are in the vertical direction.
A third aspect of embodiments of the present invention provides a spectrometer, comprising: the hyperspectral camera comprises a data processor and the hyperspectral camera according to any one of the first aspect and the first aspect of the embodiment of the invention, wherein the data processor is respectively connected with each camera unit in the hyperspectral camera, and the data processor is used for processing images acquired by each camera unit to obtain spectral information of a detected area.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following effects:
according to the hyperspectral camera, the spectrograph and the manufacturing method thereof provided by the embodiment of the invention, the hyperspectral camera is formed by adopting at least two camera units with the light homogenizing columns and the multiband optical filters, the detection of information of a plurality of wave bands is realized, and a novel hyperspectral camera is constructed. Meanwhile, compared with a hyperspectral camera adopting a beam splitter prism, a diffraction grating or a mosaic filter in the prior art, each camera of the hyperspectral camera provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided with a plurality of single-band filters, and each filter corresponds to a plurality of pixel points of the image sensor, so that the detection efficiency and the detection precision of the camera are improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a hyperspectral camera in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a spectral distribution diagram of a hyperspectral camera in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a multiband optical filter of the hyperspectral camera according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a hyperspectral camera composed of four cameras according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a field of view of a hyperspectral camera consisting of four cameras in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the alignment of the assembly of the multiband optical filter and the image sensor of the hyperspectral camera in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a hyperspectral camera in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the two elements may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or may be communicated with each other inside the two elements, or may be wirelessly connected or wired connected. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a hyperspectral camera, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the hyperspectral camera includes: each camera unit comprises an optical lens 1, a light homogenizing column 3, a multiband optical filter 2 and an image sensor 4 which are sequentially arranged, and the optical lens 1 is used for acquiring spectral information of a measured object; the light homogenizing column 3 is used for uniformly distributing the spectral information of the object to be measured 10 on the multiband optical filter 2; the multiband optical filter 2 is used for splitting the spectrum of the object to be measured 10, and the multiband optical filter 2 is formed by splicing a plurality of single-waveband optical filters; the image sensor 4 is used for receiving spectral energy of the object 10 to be measured.
In particular, a camera including one camera unit may be referred to as a spectral camera, and a hyperspectral camera may include a plurality of spectral cameras. When the hyperspectral camera works, each spectrum camera is aligned to the same test point, the spectrum information of the test point can be collected to each spectrum camera through the optical lens 1, the collected spectrum information can be split through each multiband optical filter 2, so that different areas of the sensor of each spectrum camera can obtain the spectrum information of different wave bands, and when the hyperspectral camera moves along a certain track relative to the area to be tested, the spectrum information of the areas can be obtained. In addition, each single-band optical filter arranged behind the optical lens 1 can respectively correspond to one region of the image sensor, and the region is provided with a plurality of pixel points, so that the detection efficiency is improved.
Specifically, the dodging column 3 can enable spectral information in an imaging image to uniformly pass through, and detection accuracy of the hyperspectral camera is improved. Optionally, an antireflection film may be disposed on the incident surface of the dodging column 3, and a band-pass film may be disposed on the exit surface of the dodging column 3, so as to improve the transmittance of light.
Specifically, after light is split by the multiband optical filter 2, the spectral energy of the object to be measured 10 or the area to be measured can be received onto the corresponding area of the image sensor 4, and the spectral energy information contained in the area to be measured or the object to be measured can be determined by acquiring the signal detected by the image sensor 4.
According to the hyperspectral camera provided by the embodiment of the invention, at least two camera units with the light homogenizing columns and the multiband optical filters are adopted to form the hyperspectral camera, so that the detection of information of a plurality of wave bands is realized, and a novel hyperspectral camera is constructed. Meanwhile, compared with a hyperspectral camera adopting a beam splitter prism, a diffraction grating or a mosaic filter in the prior art, each camera of the hyperspectral camera provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided with a plurality of single-band filters, and each filter corresponds to a plurality of pixel points of the image sensor, so that the detection efficiency and the detection precision of the camera are improved.
As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the central wavelengths of the single-band optical filters 20 in the multiband optical filter 2 may be different from each other, and the central wavelengths of the single-band optical filters 20 in different camera units may be different from each other, so as to improve the spectrum detection range of the hyperspectral camera. Further, the center wavelength portions of the plurality of single-band filters 20 in the multiband filter 2 may be the same, and the center wavelength portions of the single-band filters 20 in different camera units may be the same. Optionally, the hyperspectral camera provided by the embodiment of the invention may include a plurality of camera units, that is, may include a plurality of sets of multiband optical filters 2, each set of multiband optical filters 2 may be composed of a plurality of single-band optical filters of different bands, and the plurality of single-band optical filters 20 may select a narrowband optical filter.
Optionally, the hyperspectral camera provided by the embodiment of the invention has a detection spectrum range including ultraviolet, visible light, infrared and other wave bands, can be applied to high-spectrum remote sensing projects such as unmanned aerial vehicles, can acquire spectrum information of a large area by flight scanning of the unmanned aerial vehicles, and can be arranged in other devices, such as mobile phones, tablet computers, airplanes or satellites. The hyperspectral camera consists of m groups of cameras, each group of cameras comprises n narrow-band filters, and the detection wave bands are lambda respectively11--λn1、λ12--λn2、λ13--λn3......λ1m--λnm。
In a hyperspectral camera, a spectrum is split by using a multiband optical filter. When the object to be measured is detected, the light with specific wavelength emitted by the object to be measured can penetrate through the corresponding optical filter. The characteristic spectrum contained in the detected object can be obtained through the acquisition of the camera sensor and the computer analysis. FIG. 2 shows a spectral distribution diagram of a hyperspectral camera, wherein the hyperspectral camera spectral range includes a starting wavelength λ11To the spectrum of all narrow band filters with a cut-off wavelength of lambda nm.
Specifically, the hyperspectral camera may include m cameras, each camera uses a set of multiband optical filters, and the main function is to split the spectrum of the object to be measured. Each group of multiband optical filters consists of n narrow-band optical filters with different wave bands, and the bandwidth of each narrow-band optical filter is H nm. The narrowband filters are arranged in x y. Therefore, m cameras correspond to m groups of multiband optical filters, and n × m narrow-band optical filters cover the ranges of ultraviolet, visible light and infrared spectrum bands. The starting and stopping range of the wavelength of each group of multiband optical filters is as follows, and the wave bands can be continuous or discrete (the splicing mode of the wave bands can be changed according to the actual project requirement):
multiband filter 1 set: starting wavelength of λ11With a cutoff wavelength of λn1；
Set 2 of multiband filters: starting wavelength of λ12With a cutoff wavelength of λn2；
Multiband filter 3 groups: starting wavelength of λ13With a cutoff wavelength of λn3；
......
M groups of multiband filters: starting wavelength of λ1mWith a cutoff wavelength of λnm。
As shown in fig. 3, when x-y-4, the multiband filter includes 4-16 narrowband filters.
Alternatively, the hyperspectral camera may include 4 cameras, that is, m is 4, and the arrangement structure is as shown in fig. 4. When this hyperspectral camera is applied to among the unmanned aerial vehicle, as shown in fig. 5, can adopt 4 hyperspectral cameras to arrange with 2 x 2 mode, to same region, gather spectral information in step. The hyperspectral camera is mounted under the unmanned aerial vehicle, and spectrum information acquisition is carried out on a large-area through flight scanning of the unmanned aerial vehicle. Alternatively, when the plurality of single-band filters 20 are spliced, the distance between the plurality of single-band filters 20 may be smaller than a preset value, for example, the distance may be on the order of micrometers. Meanwhile, as shown in fig. 6, when the multiband filter 2 is disposed, the multiband filter 2 and the image sensor 4 can be precisely aligned and calibrated, so as to ensure the accuracy of the detection spectral band corresponding to each pixel region.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a manufacturing method of a hyperspectral camera, as shown in fig. 7, the manufacturing method includes the following steps:
step S101: manufacturing a single-waveband optical filter according to requirements; the single-band filter can be a narrow-band filter, and the filtering band of the single-band filter can be selected according to requirements.
Step S102: splicing the single-band optical filters to form a multi-band optical filter; specifically, when a plurality of single-band filters are spliced, the distance between each single-band filter can be smaller than a preset value, for example, the distance can be in the micrometer level, so that the object to be detected or the complete detection of the object to be detected is realized. Meanwhile, the surface of the spliced multiband optical filter is kept flat, so that the deviation of a detection waveband is avoided.
Optionally, the central wavelengths of the single-band filters in the multiband filter may be different from each other, and the central wavelengths of the single-band filters in different camera units may be different from each other, so as to improve the spectrum detection range of the hyperspectral camera.
Step S103: sequentially mounting an optical lens, a light homogenizing column, a multiband optical filter and an image sensor to form a camera unit; specifically, the dodging column can enable spectral information in an imaging image to uniformly pass through, and detection accuracy of the hyperspectral camera is improved. The image sensor is arranged on one side of the multiband optical filter, which faces away from the optical lens, and is used for receiving the spectral energy of the measured area. In addition, after all parts are installed, the camera can be calibrated by using a standard light source, the accurate matching of the image sensor and the multiband light filter is confirmed, and the accuracy of the detection spectrum band corresponding to each pixel region is ensured.
Step S104: assembling at least two camera units to obtain the hyperspectral camera. Specifically, two camera units or more camera units can be arranged in the spectrum camera, so that the detection range of the hyperspectral camera is improved. In addition, when the hyperspectral camera comprises a plurality of camera units and the camera units are assembled, the optical axis of each camera unit is adjusted, and the detection of the spectrum of the same detected area by each camera is guaranteed.
According to the manufacturing method of the hyperspectral camera provided by the embodiment of the invention, the hyperspectral camera is formed by adopting at least two camera units with the light homogenizing columns and the multiband optical filters, so that the detection of information of a plurality of wave bands is realized, and a novel hyperspectral camera is constructed. Meanwhile, compared with a hyperspectral camera adopting a beam splitter prism, a diffraction grating or a mosaic filter in the prior art, each camera of the hyperspectral camera provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided with a plurality of single-band filters, and each filter corresponds to a plurality of pixel points of the image sensor, so that the detection efficiency and the detection precision of the camera are improved.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a spectrometer, including: the hyperspectral camera comprises a data processor and the hyperspectral camera according to any one of the embodiments, wherein the data processor is respectively connected with each camera unit in the hyperspectral camera, and the data processor is used for processing images collected by each camera unit to obtain spectral information of a detected area. Specifically, the data processor may determine spectral information contained in the measured area or the measured object based on the signals detected by the image sensor in each camera unit.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with respect to the exemplary embodiments and the advantages thereof, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. For other examples, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that the order of the process steps may be varied while maintaining the scope of the present invention.
Moreover, the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments of the process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, means, methods and steps described in the specification. As one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate from the disclosure of the present invention, processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed, that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may be utilized according to the present invention. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps.
Claims (8)
1. A hyperspectral camera, comprising:
at least two camera units, each of which comprises an optical lens, a light homogenizing column, a multiband optical filter and an image sensor which are arranged in sequence,
the optical lens is used for acquiring spectral information of a measured object;
the light homogenizing column is used for uniformly distributing the spectral information of the object to be measured on the multiband optical filter;
the multiband optical filter is used for splitting the spectrum of a measured object and is formed by splicing a plurality of single-waveband optical filters;
the image sensor is used for receiving the spectral energy of the measured object.
2. The hyperspectral camera of claim 1, wherein the central wavelengths of the single-band filters in the multiband filter are different from each other, and the central wavelengths of the single-band filters in different camera units are different from each other.
3. The hyperspectral camera of claim 1, wherein the central wavelength portions of the plurality of single-band filters in the multiband filter are the same, and the central wavelength portions of the single-band filters in different camera units are the same.
4. The hyperspectral camera of claim 1, wherein the multiband filter is formed by splicing a plurality of single-band filters in an x y manner, wherein x single-band filters are in the horizontal direction and y single-band filters are in the vertical direction.
5. The hyperspectral camera of claim 1, wherein each of the single-band filters in the multiband filter is a narrowband filter.
6. A manufacturing method of a hyperspectral camera is characterized by comprising the following steps:
manufacturing a single-waveband optical filter according to requirements;
splicing the single-band optical filters to form a multi-band optical filter;
sequentially mounting an optical lens, a light homogenizing column, a multiband optical filter and an image sensor to form a camera unit;
assembling at least two camera units to obtain the hyperspectral camera.
7. The method for manufacturing the hyperspectral camera according to claim 6, wherein the multiband optical filter is formed by splicing a plurality of single-waveband optical filters in an x-y manner, wherein x single-waveband optical filters are arranged in the horizontal direction, and y single-waveband optical filters are arranged in the vertical direction.
8. A spectrometer, comprising: a data processor and a hyperspectral camera according to any of the claims 1-5,
the data processor is respectively connected with each camera unit in the hyperspectral camera and used for processing the image collected by each camera unit to obtain the spectral information of the detected area.
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