CN113122856A - Method and device for preventing carburized and quenched part from deforming - Google Patents
Method and device for preventing carburized and quenched part from deforming Download PDFInfo
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- CN113122856A CN113122856A CN202110353663.1A CN202110353663A CN113122856A CN 113122856 A CN113122856 A CN 113122856A CN 202110353663 A CN202110353663 A CN 202110353663A CN 113122856 A CN113122856 A CN 113122856A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 159000000009 barium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003961 penetration enhancing agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F17/00—Multi-step processes for surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C23 and at least one process covered by subclass C21D or C22F or class C25
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
- C23C8/42—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
- C23C8/44—Carburising
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for preventing deformation of a carburized and quenched part, which relate to the field of carburization and quenching and comprise the following steps of A1: inspection of parts and devices: sealing of parts surfaces and equipment, a 2: the loading capacity is selected to be proper, the loading tray is ensured to be stressed uniformly, and the ratio of A3: the charging tray was fed into a pre-oxidation furnace, and the carbon concentration was controlled, a 4: controlling the temperature rise rate in the pre-oxidation furnace, wherein A5: taking the charging tray out of the pre-oxidation furnace, and putting the charging tray into a carburizing box, A6: taking the charging tray out of the carburizing box, and putting the charging tray into a quenching box, A7: the charging tray is lifted on the trolley, the trolley is positioned on the front surface of the pre-oxidation furnace, the carburizing box is arranged on the right side of the pre-oxidation furnace, the quenching box is arranged on the right side of the carburizing box, and the tempering tank is arranged on the right side of the quenching box. By using the device and the method, the carbon concentration and the temperature in the heating process can be effectively controlled, so that the part deformation is prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of carburizing and quenching, in particular to a method and a device for preventing deformation of a carburizing and quenching part.
Background
Carburizing and quenching are common heat treatment processes for metal materials, and can ensure that the surface of a workpiece which is carburized by carbon obtains high hardness and improve the wear resistance of the workpiece. The traditional process mainly comprises the following steps: low temperature tempering, precooling direct quenching, primary heating quenching, carburizing high temperature tempering, secondary quenching cold treatment, induction heating after carburizing and the like. Quenching processes are widely used in the modern mechanical manufacturing industry. Important parts in machinery, especially steel parts applied to automobiles, airplanes and rockets are almost quenched. In order to meet the various technical requirements of various parts, various quenching processes are developed. However, in the conventional carburizing and quenching process, the machined part is easily deformed. In order to solve the above problems, it is necessary to provide a method and an apparatus for preventing deformation of a carburized and quenched member.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provides a method and a device for preventing the carburized and quenched part from deforming, and solves the problem of deformation of the machined part in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for preventing deformation of a carburized and quenched part, comprising the steps of:
a1: inspection of parts and devices: the carburized part surface is kept clean without oil stains and impurities;
a2: loading, namely uniformly stressing the loading tray (1), and preheating after loading is finished;
a3: feeding the charging tray (1) into a pre-oxidation oven (2) and controlling the carbon concentration: controlling the carbon concentration between 0.9 and 1.0 percent, controlling the heating rate, and simultaneously controlling the temperature change rate between 40 and 50 ℃/h;
a4: controlling the temperature rise rate in the pre-oxidation furnace (2): the part firstly enters a pre-oxidation furnace (2) and is uniformly heated to 380-420 ℃, and then is further heated to the carburizing temperature (above 910 ℃);
a5: taking the charging tray (1) out of the pre-oxidation furnace (2), putting the charging tray into a carburizing box (3), and starting carburizing: adding a penetrating agent at a speed of one drop per five seconds;
a6: taking the charging tray (1) out of the carburizing box (3), putting the charging tray into a quenching box (4), and starting quenching: after the carburization and diffusion process is finished, the temperature is reduced at the speed of 40-50 ℃/h, and the overlarge temperature difference of different parts on the part is avoided;
a7: taking the charging tray (1) out of the quenching box (4), putting the charging tray into a tempering tank (5), and tempering for 3-5 times to eliminate the internal stress after quenching.
Preferably, the A3 can be used as a promoter, and 4-7% of barium carbonate is used.
Preferably, the temperature of the pre-oxidation furnace (2) in the A4 is set to be between 400 ℃ and 440 ℃.
Preferably, the carburizing temperature in A5 is 920-940 ℃.
Preferably, the A6 is uniformly cooled, high-speed quenching oil is adopted, the temperature is kept at 800-840 ℃, and barium salt, sodium salt, calcium salt, phosphate and stearate are added into the oil.
Preferably, the tempering temperature of the A7 is adjusted to be 150-250 ℃, 350-500 ℃ or 500-650 ℃ according to the requirement on hardness.
The quenching device adopting the method for preventing the carburized and quenched part from deforming comprises a charging tray, a pre-oxidation furnace, a carburizing box, a quenching box, a tempering tank and a trolley, wherein the charging tray is hung on the trolley, the trolley is positioned on the front surface of the pre-oxidation furnace, the right side of the pre-oxidation furnace is provided with the carburizing box, the right side of the carburizing box is provided with the quenching box, the right side of the quenching box is provided with the tempering tank, and the plane of the top of the tempering tank and the plane of the bottom of the pre-oxidation furnace are on the same plane.
Preferably, the surface of the left side of the pre-oxidation furnace is fixedly connected with a preheating thermometer, and the front side of the pre-oxidation furnace is fixedly connected with a carbon concentration tester.
Preferably, the left side surface of the carburizing box is fixedly connected with a carburizing thermometer, and the top surface of the carburizing box is fixedly connected with a carburizing box.
Preferably, a quenching thermometer is fixedly connected to the left side of the quenching box.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a method and a device for preventing deformation of a carburized and quenched part, and the method and the device have the following beneficial effects: the abrasion or the crack of the part is prevented by strictly controlling the concentration of the carbon; the part is ensured not to deform due to too fast temperature change by preheating and then starting carburization, the whole heating process is kept at a constant speed, and the state of the part is always kept in a relatively stable state; through repeated tempering, the internal stress of the part can be eliminated, and the part is not easy to deform.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a carburizing and quenching apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a basic flow chart of carburizing and quenching according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic temperature diagram of carburizing and quenching in each stage of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures are:
1. a charging tray; 2. a pre-oxidation furnace; 3. a carburizing box; 4. a quenching box; 5. a tempering tank; 6. a trolley; 7. preheating a thermometer; 8. a carbon concentration tester; 9. a carburization thermometer; 10. a quenching thermometer; 11. a carburizing agent box.
Detailed Description
The following description is presented to disclose the invention so as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention. The preferred embodiments in the following description are given by way of example only, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, a method for preventing deformation of a carburized and quenched member using the above method comprises the steps of:
a1: inspection of parts and devices: the surface of the part to be carburized is required to be clean and free of oil stains, impurities and the like, the heating equipment is ready to be added with a carburizing agent, whether the sealing performance of industrial furnace equipment is intact or not is checked, and the like, and a protective measure such as one of coating of anti-seepage paste or copper plating can be applied to the part to be carburized locally;
a2: during each charging, the selection of the loading capacity is proper, the loading plate 1 is ensured to be stressed uniformly, and after the charging is finished, preheating is started, wherein the carbon concentration and the heating rate need to be controlled;
a3: the charging tray 1 was fed into the pre-oxidation furnace 2, and the carbon concentration was controlled: the carbon concentration is controlled to be 0.9%, the heating rate is strictly controlled, meanwhile, the furnace temperature is controlled to be relatively uniformly changed, the temperature change rate is 40 ℃/h, a catalyst penetration agent can be used, and 4-7% of barium carbonate is adopted;
a4: controlling the temperature rise rate in the pre-oxidation furnace 2: the part firstly enters a pre-oxidation furnace 2 and is uniformly heated to 380 ℃, and then is further heated to a carburizing temperature (above 910 ℃); in the pre-oxidation furnace 2, parts are not heated along with the cold state of the furnace, but directly enter the furnace with set temperature, the set temperature of the pre-oxidation furnace 2 is 400 ℃, thus the heating temperature gradient is not too high before entering the pre-oxidation furnace 2 and when the pre-oxidation is finished and the carburization is carried out, and the large deformation of the parts can be ensured;
a5: taking the charging tray 1 out of the pre-oxidation furnace 2, putting the charging tray into a carburizing box 3, and starting carburizing: on one hand, the temperature gradient is increased when the temperature of the part is increased, and in addition, the strength is correspondingly reduced in the heating and heat preservation process, so that the thermal stress is increased, and the deformation resistance of the part is also reduced, therefore, although the increase of the carburizing temperature is helpful for the carburizing process, the temperature also needs to be controlled within a reasonable range, if the quenching deformation is found to be large, the carburizing temperature can be properly reduced by taking 2 ℃ as a reference, the adjusting range of the carburizing temperature is small, generally not more than 20 ℃, the drop number and the speed of the added carburizing agent are proper, the process is carried out according to the speed of one drop per five seconds, the decomposition of the carburizing medium, the absorption of carbon atoms and the diffusion of the carbon atoms in three stages of the carburizing process need to be specially noticed, and the carburizing;
a6: taking the charging tray 1 out of the carburizing box 3, putting the charging tray into a quenching box 4, and quenching: after the carburizing and diffusing process is finished, the temperature of the part before quenching is generally lower than the carburizing temperature, the part is rapidly cooled from high temperature to the quenching oil temperature in the quenching process, the deformation is controlled at the moment, the temperature is uniformly reduced during cooling, the temperature is reduced at the rate of 40 ℃/h, the temperature difference of different parts on the part is prevented from being overlarge, high-speed quenching oil is adopted, the temperature is generally kept at 800 ℃, and barium salt, sodium salt, calcium salt, phosphate and stearate are added into the oil;
a7: taking the charging tray 1 out of the quenching box 4, putting the charging tray into a tempering tank 5, and tempering for 3-5 times to eliminate the internal stress after quenching, wherein the tempering temperature is 150-250 ℃.
Carburized and quenched test results
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, a method for preventing deformation of a carburized and quenched member using the above method comprises the steps of:
a1: inspection of parts and devices: the surface of the part to be carburized is required to be clean and free of oil stains, impurities and the like, the heating equipment is ready to be added with a carburizing agent, whether the sealing performance of industrial furnace equipment is intact or not is checked, and the like, and a protective measure such as one of coating of anti-seepage paste or copper plating can be applied to the part to be carburized locally;
a2: during each charging, the selection of the loading capacity is proper, the loading plate 1 is ensured to be stressed uniformly, and after the charging is finished, preheating is started, wherein the carbon concentration and the heating rate need to be controlled;
a3: the charging tray 1 was fed into the pre-oxidation furnace 2, and the carbon concentration was controlled: the carbon concentration is controlled to be 0.95%, the heating rate is strictly controlled, meanwhile, the furnace temperature is controlled to be relatively uniformly changed, the temperature change rate is 45 ℃/h, a catalyst penetration agent can be used, and 4-7% of barium carbonate is adopted;
a4: controlling the temperature rise rate in the pre-oxidation furnace 2: the part is firstly put into a pre-oxidation furnace 2 and uniformly heated to 400 ℃, and then is further heated to a carburizing temperature (above 910 ℃); in the pre-oxidation furnace 2, parts are not heated along with the cold state of the furnace, but directly enter the furnace with set temperature, the set temperature of the pre-oxidation furnace 2 is 420 ℃, thus the heating temperature gradient is not too high before entering the pre-oxidation furnace 2 and when the pre-oxidation is finished and the carburization is carried out, and the large deformation of the parts can be ensured;
a5: taking the charging tray 1 out of the pre-oxidation furnace 2, putting the charging tray into a carburizing box 3, and starting carburizing: on one hand, the temperature gradient is increased when the temperature of the part is increased, and in addition, the strength is correspondingly reduced in the heating and heat preservation process, so that the thermal stress is increased, and the deformation resistance of the part is also reduced, therefore, although the increase of the carburizing temperature is helpful for the carburizing process, the temperature also needs to be controlled within a reasonable range, if the quenching deformation is found to be large, the carburizing temperature can be properly reduced by taking 2 ℃ as a reference, the adjusting range of the carburizing temperature is small, generally not more than 20 ℃, the drop number and the speed of the added carburizing agent are proper and are carried out according to the speed of one drop per five seconds, the conditions of decomposition of the carburizing medium, absorption of carbon atoms and diffusion of the carbon atoms in three stages of carburizing need to be specially noticed, and the carburizing temperature is generally kept;
a6: taking the charging tray 1 out of the carburizing box 3, putting the charging tray into a quenching box 4, and quenching: after the carburizing and diffusing process is finished, the temperature of the part before quenching is generally lower than the carburizing temperature, the part is rapidly cooled from high temperature to the quenching oil temperature in the quenching process, the deformation is controlled at the moment, the temperature is uniformly reduced during cooling, the temperature is reduced at the speed of 45 ℃/h, the temperature difference of different parts on the part is prevented from being overlarge, high-speed quenching oil is adopted, the temperature is generally kept at 820 ℃, and barium salt, sodium salt, calcium salt, phosphate and stearate are added into the oil;
a7: taking the charging tray 1 out of the quenching box 4, putting the charging tray into a tempering tank 5, and tempering for 3-5 times to eliminate the internal stress after quenching, wherein the tempering temperature is 150-250 ℃.
Carburized and quenched test results
Example 3
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, a method for preventing deformation of a carburized and quenched member using the above method comprises the steps of:
a1: inspection of parts and devices: the surface of the part to be carburized is required to be clean and free of oil stains, impurities and the like, the heating equipment is ready to be added with a carburizing agent, whether the sealing performance of industrial furnace equipment is intact or not is checked, and the like, and a protective measure such as one of coating of anti-seepage paste or copper plating can be applied to the part to be carburized locally;
a2: during each charging, the selection of the loading capacity is proper, the loading plate 1 is ensured to be stressed uniformly, and after the charging is finished, preheating is started, wherein the carbon concentration and the heating rate need to be controlled;
a3: the charging tray 1 was fed into the pre-oxidation furnace 2, and the carbon concentration was controlled: the carbon concentration is controlled to be 1.0%, the heating rate is strictly controlled, meanwhile, the furnace temperature is controlled to be relatively uniformly changed, the temperature change rate is 50 ℃/h, a catalyst penetration agent can be used, and 4-7% of barium carbonate is adopted;
a4: controlling the temperature rise rate in the pre-oxidation furnace 2: the part is first put into a pre-oxidation furnace 2 and uniformly heated to 420 ℃, and then further heated to a carburizing temperature (above 910 ℃); in the pre-oxidation furnace 2, parts are not heated along with the cold state of the furnace, but directly enter the furnace with set temperature, the set temperature of the pre-oxidation furnace 2 is 440 ℃, so that the heating temperature gradient is not too high before entering the pre-oxidation furnace 2 and when carburization is carried out after the pre-oxidation is finished, and the large deformation of the parts can be avoided;
a5: taking the charging tray 1 out of the pre-oxidation furnace 2, putting the charging tray into a carburizing box 3, and starting carburizing: on one hand, the temperature gradient is increased when the temperature of the part is increased, and in addition, the strength is correspondingly reduced in the heating and heat preservation process, so that the thermal stress is increased, and the deformation resistance of the part is also reduced, therefore, although the increase of the carburizing temperature is helpful for the carburizing process, the temperature also needs to be controlled within a reasonable range, if the quenching deformation is found to be large, the carburizing temperature can be properly reduced by taking 2 ℃ as a reference, the adjusting range of the carburizing temperature is small and generally does not exceed 20 ℃, the drop number and the speed of the added carburizing agent are proper and are carried out according to the speed of one drop per five seconds, the conditions of decomposition of the carburizing medium, absorption of carbon atoms and diffusion of the carbon atoms in three stages of carburizing need to be specially noticed, and the carburizing temperature is generally kept;
a6: taking the charging tray 1 out of the carburizing box 3, putting the charging tray into a quenching box 4, and quenching: after the carburizing and diffusing process is finished, the temperature of the part before quenching is generally lower than the carburizing temperature, the part is rapidly cooled from high temperature to the quenching oil temperature in the quenching process, the deformation is controlled at the moment, the temperature is uniformly reduced during cooling, the temperature is reduced at the speed of 50 ℃/h, the temperature difference of different parts on the part is prevented from being overlarge, high-speed quenching oil is adopted, the temperature is generally kept at 840 ℃, and barium salt, sodium salt, calcium salt, phosphate and stearate are added into the oil;
a7: taking the charging tray 1 out of the quenching box 4, putting the charging tray into a tempering tank 5, and tempering for 3-5 times to eliminate the internal stress after quenching, wherein the tempering temperature is 150-250 ℃.
Carburized and quenched test results
Example 4
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a quenching device of an anti-deformation method for carburized and quenched parts comprises a charging tray 1, a pre-oxidation furnace 2, a carburizing box 3, a quenching box 4, a tempering tank 5 and a trolley 6, wherein the charging tray 1 is lifted on the trolley 6, the trolley 6 is positioned on the front side of the pre-oxidation furnace 2, the right side of the pre-oxidation furnace 2 is provided with the carburizing box 3, the right side of the carburizing box 3 is provided with the quenching box 4, the right side of the quenching box 4 is provided with the tempering tank 5, the top plane of the tempering tank 5 and the bottom plane of the pre-oxidation furnace 2 are positioned on the same plane, the left side surface of the pre-oxidation furnace 2 is fixedly connected with a preheating thermometer 7, the front side of the pre-oxidation furnace 2 is fixedly connected with a carbon concentration tester 8, the left side surface of the carburizing box 3 is fixedly connected with a carburizing thermometer 9, the top surface of the carburizing box 3 is fixedly connected with a carburizing box 11, the left, The whole quenching process is completed in the carburizing box 3, the quenching box 4 and the tempering bath 5.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preventing deformation of a carburized and quenched part is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a1: inspection of parts and devices: the carburized part surface is kept clean without oil stains and impurities;
a2: loading, namely uniformly stressing the loading tray (1), and preheating after loading is finished;
a3: feeding the charging tray (1) into a pre-oxidation oven (2) and controlling the carbon concentration: controlling the carbon concentration between 0.9 and 1.0 percent, controlling the heating rate, and simultaneously controlling the temperature change rate between 40 and 50 ℃/h;
a4: controlling the temperature rise rate in the pre-oxidation furnace (2): the part firstly enters a pre-oxidation furnace (2) and is uniformly heated to 380-420 ℃, and then is further heated to the carburizing temperature (above 910 ℃);
a5: taking the charging tray (1) out of the pre-oxidation furnace (2), putting the charging tray into a carburizing box (3), and starting carburizing: adding a penetrating agent at a speed of one drop per five seconds;
a6: taking the charging tray (1) out of the carburizing box (3), putting the charging tray into a quenching box (4), and starting quenching: after the carburization and diffusion process is finished, the temperature is reduced at the speed of 40-50 ℃/h, and the overlarge temperature difference of different parts on the part is avoided;
a7: taking the charging tray (1) out of the quenching box (4), putting the charging tray into a tempering tank (5), and tempering for 3-5 times to eliminate the internal stress after quenching.
2. The method for preventing deformation of a carburized and quenched member according to claim 1, characterized in that: the A3 can be used as a penetration enhancer, and 4-7% of barium carbonate can be used.
3. The method for preventing deformation of a carburized and quenched member according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pre-oxidation furnace (2) in the A4 is set to have the temperature of 400-440 ℃.
4. The method for preventing deformation of a carburized and quenched member according to claim 1, characterized in that: the carburizing temperature in A5 is 920-940 ℃.
5. The method for preventing deformation of a carburized and quenched member according to claim 1, characterized in that: the A6 is uniformly cooled, high-speed quenching oil is adopted, the temperature is kept at 800-840 ℃, and barium salt, sodium salt, calcium salt, phosphate and stearate are added into the oil.
6. The method for preventing deformation of a carburized and quenched member according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tempering temperature of the A7 is adjusted to be 150-250 ℃, 350-500 ℃ or 500-650 ℃ according to the requirement on the hardness.
7. A quenching device for an anti-deformation method of a carburized and quenched part according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising a charging tray (1), a pre-oxidation furnace (2), a carburizing box (3), a quenching box (4), a tempering tank (5) and a trolley (6), wherein the charging tray (1) is hoisted on the trolley (6), the trolley (6) is positioned on the front surface of the pre-oxidation furnace (2), the carburizing box (3) is arranged on the right side of the pre-oxidation furnace (2), the quenching box (4) is arranged on the right side of the carburizing box (3), the tempering tank (5) is arranged on the right side of the quenching box (4), and the top plane of the tempering tank (5) and the bottom plane of the pre-oxidation furnace (2) are in the same plane.
8. The carburizing and quenching piece deformation preventing device according to claim 7, wherein: the surface of the left side of the pre-oxidation furnace (2) is fixedly connected with a preheating thermometer (7), and the front side of the pre-oxidation furnace (2) is fixedly connected with a carbon concentration tester (8).
9. The carburizing and quenching piece deformation preventing device according to claim 7, wherein: the surface of the left side of the carburizing box (3) is fixedly connected with a carburizing thermometer (9), and the surface of the top of the carburizing box (3) is fixedly connected with a carburizing box (11).
10. The carburizing and quenching piece deformation preventing device according to claim 7, wherein: and a quenching thermometer (10) is fixedly connected to the left side of the quenching box (4).
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| CN111519127A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-11 | 厦门真冈热处理有限公司 | Carburizing heat treatment method for obtaining high-quality pinion of car steering gear |
| CN111961813A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-11-20 | 綦江重配齿轮有限公司 | Method for preventing gear ring from carburizing and quenching deformation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104711401A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-06-17 | 南车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | Carburizing and quenching method for large heavy-duty gear |
| CN106048192A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2016-10-26 | 常州新区河海热处理工程有限公司 | Heat treatment technology for reducing deformation of spiral bevel gear for hay mower |
| CN111519127A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-11 | 厦门真冈热处理有限公司 | Carburizing heat treatment method for obtaining high-quality pinion of car steering gear |
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