CN1131033C - 麻醉制剂 - Google Patents

麻醉制剂 Download PDF

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CN1131033C
CN1131033C CN98811339A CN98811339A CN1131033C CN 1131033 C CN1131033 C CN 1131033C CN 98811339 A CN98811339 A CN 98811339A CN 98811339 A CN98811339 A CN 98811339A CN 1131033 C CN1131033 C CN 1131033C
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pharmaceutical composition
glucose
sugar
anesthetis
bupivacaine
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CN1279607A (zh
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S·布朗
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Darwin Discovery Ltd
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Darwin Discovery Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/26Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/445Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/02Inorganic compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P23/00Anaesthetics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P23/00Anaesthetics
    • A61P23/02Local anaesthetics

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)

Abstract

药物可接受的,针对脑脊液(CSF)是等比重或高比重并等渗的水溶液,其中含有1-烷基-N-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-2-哌啶甲酰胺麻醉剂如布比卡因或左旋布比卡因和糖。如果该麻醉剂不超过0.75%w/v,则存在盐或其它非糖物质。因此,该糖的量可以控制在低于不存在其它非糖时提供等渗性需要的量。

Description

麻醉制剂
本发明涉及长效局部麻醉剂的新制剂。
一类已知的长效局部麻醉剂含有1-烷基-N-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-2-哌啶甲酰胺。此类药物包括外消旋的布比卡因,左旋布比卡因(levobupivacaine),甲哌卡因和罗哌卡因。
左旋布比卡因在人体内的有效应用,首次在WO-A-9510276、WO-A-9510277和Gristwood等,Exp.Opin.Invest.Drugs3(11):1209-12(1994)中证实。后两个文献指出了左旋布比卡因在产科的潜在用途,这至少部分因为其降低的CNS副作用。
WO90/00390公开了治疗脊椎痛的水溶液,其中含有地佐辛、布比卡因,且如果需要此溶液为高比重溶液,则还含有5-10%w/v的葡萄糖。高比重的此溶液的实施例也是高渗的。
Chung等,Br.J.Anaesth.(1996)77(2):145-9,公开了使用含0.25%w/v布比卡因和5%w/v葡萄糖的高比重溶液进行脊柱麻醉。确定所用溶液的体积与作用的关系作为研究的一部分。
Hytta等,Regionale-Anaesthesie(1982)5:85-8,公开了用0.5%布比卡因,包括“等比重”(Marcain)或高比重(8%葡萄糖)的。推测前者是普通的Marcain,其实质上是低比重的。
在美国,布比卡因的高比重制剂已有市售,其2ml安瓿中含有0.75%布比卡因(外消旋体)和8.25%葡萄糖。在产科麻醉中使用外消旋的布比卡因的0.75%溶液是临床禁忌的。在《医生案头参考手册》(Physician′s Desk reference)中给出了“黑色方框”的警告。
在欧洲,提供了4ml安瓿,其中含有0.5%布比卡因和约8%的葡萄糖。这些制剂是高渗的,其重量渗克分子浓度约为500mOsm/kg。
对于含有葡萄糖,当然有好的理由。正如Logan等在Brit.J.Anaesthesia(1986)58:292-296所报告,当用于脊髓麻醉给药时,0.5%布比卡因显然在其鞘内扩散方面变化很大。含8%葡萄糖的高比重溶液扩散快但可预计;见Chambers等,Brit.J.Anaesthesia(1981)53:279-282。
Bannister等,在Brit.J.Anaesthesia(1990)64:232-234中,报告鞘内注射0.5%布比卡因溶液的作用,其中含有0.33%,0.83%或8%的葡萄糖。该文献建议使用0.33%葡萄糖导致不同的阻断,正如用普通溶液所示,优选0.83%葡萄糖。其中报告“使布比卡因稍高比重似乎产生了可预计的脊髓麻醉”,但是,含0.5%布比卡因和0.83%葡萄糖的制剂实际上是低比重的。
麻醉师显然会接受,高浓度的葡萄糖是需要的。尽管这些制剂与神经毒性有关。
本发明至少部分基于以下事实:为了布比卡因制剂对脊髓麻醉最有利,即对于脑脊液(CSF)至少是等比重并也是等渗的,应根据布比卡因的量选择糖的浓度,并应在上述建议的浓度范围内。产生等渗制剂的能力指避免了与CSF中细胞物质交换溶质的潜力。
对左旋布比卡因不同溶液的研究已显示了以较高浓度并加入葡萄糖,这两种化合物的总量就可以足以提供等渗作用。更具体地讲,葡萄糖的浓度高于0.75%而小于5%w/v,仍会提供等比重或高比重。当麻醉剂的浓度较低时,加入其它非糖化合物达到了相同形式的参数。
按照本发明,1-烷基-N-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-2-哌啶甲酰胺如布比卡因,其中的烷基具有1-4个碳原子,可以与较小量的葡萄糖及某种盐如氯化钠(如果需要)联合来提供有利的作用。葡萄糖提供了适宜的比重,而此盐使该组合物等渗。因此,避免了使用大量的葡萄糖,并降低了与该组合物与血浆或脑脊液接触有关的危险性。
本发明的溶液通常是无菌的,并一般含有最多至1%w/v的麻醉剂,例如至少0.25%,且常是0.5至0.75%w/v。使用左旋布比卡因较使用布比卡因的优点是,可以使用较高浓度药物。
本发明的组合物优选制成单位剂量,例如,2或3ml,其适于密封在容器如玻璃或透明塑料物质中。一种优选的制剂在2ml安瓿或小瓶中左旋布比卡因(此化合物描述于此只是为了举例说明的目的)的浓度为0.75%。
脊髓给药可以是任何常规的方式。该制剂一般在手术过程中以及在剖腹产过程中用来提供麻醉和止痛作用,并可治疗慢性疼痛。
本发明的使用的左旋布比卡因优选基本上不含右旋布比卡因,并更优选较右旋布比卡因而言,左旋布比卡因至少90%,并首选至少99%对映体过量。在整个说明书中,布比卡因及其对映体包括其药用盐。此化合物一般以盐酸盐的形式提供。该组合物含有高于1%或2%的糖。当然,存在的任何其它盐必须是生理可接受的,并通常含有无机阳离子。例如,其可以是碱金属盐如氯化钠。
左旋布比卡因在一定浓度范围内,包括外消旋药物通常使用的浓度范围以及较高浓度下,给药,较目前技术而言可以带来显著较长的作用时间,这又是左旋布比卡因副作用降低的结果。例如,左旋布比卡因可以安全地给患者使用至少24小时,常常达到72小时,甚至高达一周或两周,或者更长的时间。当然,它可以在类似于外消旋药物已采用的时间范围(如3至6小时)内给药。
下列实施例举例说明了本发明。这些实施例使用左旋布比卡因;代之以布比卡因,在等摩尔浓度下,应对重量渗克分子浓度或比重无作用。
实施例1
制备了左旋布比卡因(“Levo”)和葡萄糖的不同含水制剂。表中给出了它们及其比重和张力(以及CSF的相应数值)。
产品 比重 重量渗克分子浓度(mOsm/kg)
CSF 1.0062-1.0082 306
0.75%左旋+0葡萄糖 1.001 46
0.75%左旋+2.2%葡萄糖 1.0082 170
0.75%左旋+8.25%葡萄糖 1.029 510
0.5%左旋+0葡萄糖 1.000 32
0.5%左旋+2.5%葡萄糖 1.0082 168
0.5%左旋+8.25%葡萄糖 1.028 488
含2.2%以上葡萄糖和0.75%(7.5mg/ml)左旋布比卡因的制剂,或含2.5%以上葡萄糖与0.5%(5.0mg/ml)左旋布比卡因的制剂,对所有患者来说是高比重的。含小于5%葡萄糖的这些制剂是低渗的;加入适宜的盐(氯化钠)使这些制剂等渗。
实施例2
制备含0.5%或0.75%w/v左旋布比卡因、4%w/v葡萄糖和0.15%氯化钠的含水制剂。其是适于脊髓给药以提供安全有效的麻醉作用的等渗、高比重组合物。
总之,现已表明降低制剂中的葡萄糖含量同时维持适当比重是可能的。另外,通过加入生理可接受的无机盐如氯化钠,得到了与CSF和体液等渗的(约至300mOsm/kg)的渗透平衡制剂。

Claims (15)

1.药物组合物,其中含有1-烷基-N-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-2-哌啶甲酰胺麻醉剂和糖,其条件是该麻醉剂的含量在0.25-0.75%w/v的范围时,则存在非糖物质,且在该其它非糖物质不存在时,该糖的量低于提供等渗性需要的量。
2.权利要求1的药物组合物,其中的烷基含有1-4个碳原子。
3.权利要求1的药物组合物,其中的麻醉剂是布比卡因。
4.权利要求1的药物组合物,其中的麻醉剂是左旋布比卡因。
5.权利要求1-4中任一的药物组合物,其中含有不高于1%w/v的麻醉剂。
6.权利要求1-4中任一的药物组合物,其中含有高于0.75%w/v的麻醉剂,且其中所述非糖不存在。
7.权利要求1-4中任一的药物组合物,其中含有不高于0.75%w/v的麻醉剂。
8.权利要求7的药物组合物,其中含有0.5-0.75%/w/v的麻醉剂。
9.权利要求1-4中任一的药物组合物,其中所述的糖是葡萄糖。
10.权利要求9中任一的药物组合物,其中含有高于1%w/w的糖。
11.权利要求9中任一的药物组合物,其中含有高于2%w/w的糖。
12.上述任一项权利要求中的药物组合物对CFS而言是高比重的。
13.上述任一项权利要求的药物组合物,其中所述非糖存在,且是无机阳离子盐。
14.上述任一项权利要求的药物组合物,其中所述的盐是氯化钠。
15.容纳上述任一项权利要求的无菌药物组合物的容器。
CN98811339A 1997-11-19 1998-11-19 麻醉制剂 Expired - Lifetime CN1131033C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9724506.2 1997-11-19
GBGB9724506.2A GB9724506D0 (en) 1997-11-19 1997-11-19 Levobupivacaine and its use
GB9818109.2 1998-08-19
GBGB9818109.2A GB9818109D0 (en) 1998-08-19 1998-08-19 Anaesthetic Formulation

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CN1131033C true CN1131033C (zh) 2003-12-17

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GB9824161D0 (en) * 1998-11-04 1998-12-30 Darwin Discovery Ltd Drug formulation
US20040001889A1 (en) 2002-06-25 2004-01-01 Guohua Chen Short duration depot formulations
JP4865330B2 (ja) 2002-12-13 2012-02-01 デュレクト コーポレーション 経口ドラッグデリバリーシステム
AU2005287175B2 (en) 2004-09-17 2011-12-01 Durect Corporation Sustained local anesthetic composition containing preferably a sugar ester such as SAIB
US20060270708A1 (en) * 2005-05-25 2006-11-30 Navinta Llc Novel process for preparation of isotonic aqueous injection of ropivacaine
US20070027105A1 (en) 2005-07-26 2007-02-01 Alza Corporation Peroxide removal from drug delivery vehicle
US8337883B2 (en) 2006-11-03 2012-12-25 Durect Corporation Transdermal delivery systems
AU2008347158B8 (en) 2007-12-06 2013-08-22 Durect Corporation Oral pharmaceutical dosage forms
US20100260844A1 (en) 2008-11-03 2010-10-14 Scicinski Jan J Oral pharmaceutical dosage forms
SG11201407323WA (en) * 2012-05-10 2014-12-30 Cellix Bio Private Ltd Compositions and methods for the treatment of local pain
TW201521769A (zh) 2013-03-15 2015-06-16 Durect Corp 具有流變改質劑以減少溶解變異性之組成物
EP3331508B1 (en) * 2015-07-13 2024-08-14 Neon Laboratories Ltd. Hyperbaric solution injection of levobupivacaine hydrochloride comprising levobupivacaine hydrochloride
KR20220140711A (ko) 2020-01-13 2022-10-18 듀렉트 코퍼레이션 불순물이 감소된 지속 방출 약물 전달 시스템 및 관련 방법

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WO1990000390A1 (en) * 1988-07-08 1990-01-25 Aktiebolaget Astra New synergistic preparations containing dezocine and a local anaesthetic and a new method of alleviation of pain

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WO1990000390A1 (en) * 1988-07-08 1990-01-25 Aktiebolaget Astra New synergistic preparations containing dezocine and a local anaesthetic and a new method of alleviation of pain

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NO20002545L (no) 2000-05-18
HUP0004665A3 (en) 2004-05-28
WO1999025349A1 (en) 1999-05-27
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JP2001522888A (ja) 2001-11-20
KR20010032241A (ko) 2001-04-16
CA2308495C (en) 2009-01-06
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AU1168499A (en) 1999-06-07
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CN1279607A (zh) 2001-01-10
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HU228143B1 (en) 2012-12-28
IL135922A0 (en) 2001-05-20
ATE253913T1 (de) 2003-11-15
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PT1032390E (pt) 2004-04-30
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