CN113100169A

CN113100169A - Method for breeding pheasants

Info

Publication number: CN113100169A
Application number: CN202110434749.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵洁; 张贤军; 王飞伦
Original assignee: Shihezi University
Current assignee: Shihezi University
Priority date: 2021-04-22
Filing date: 2021-04-22
Publication date: 2021-07-13

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, and discloses a method for cultivating pheasants, which comprises young pheasant cultivation, middle pheasant cultivation and adult pheasant cultivation. The invention provides suitable feeding conditions for the pheasants in different growth periods, the survival rate of the pheasants is high, the egg yield is high, the appearance is attractive, and the economic benefit and the egg yield in the next year are improved.

Description

Method for breeding pheasants

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of breeding, in particular to a method for breeding pheasants.

Background

The pheasant is a rare wild rare bird with wild flavor and medical functions and is known as ' wild king ' and animal ginseng ' because of its colorful seven-color spots. The pheasant has high economic value, tender and delicious meat, strong wild taste, high protein content and good artificial breeding prospect. However, when the pheasants are artificially cultured, if a complete and proper breeding technology is not available, the pheasants are susceptible to diseases, so that the yield is low, and the income is difficult to improve by unreasonably utilizing the life habits of the pheasants.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the problems, the invention provides the method for breeding the pheasants, which provides suitable breeding conditions for the pheasants in different growth periods, and has the advantages of high survival rate of the pheasants, high egg yield and attractive appearance.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the pheasant cultivation method comprises young pheasant cultivation, middle pheasant cultivation and adult pheasant cultivation, and specifically comprises the following steps:

A. young pheasant cultivation

a. Temperature control: the brooding temperature 3 days before brooding is 38 ℃, then the brooding temperature is reduced by 1-2 ℃ every week, and when the age of the brooding pheasant reaches 5 weeks, the brooding temperature is reduced to 25-30 ℃;

b. humidity control: the relative humidity in the brooding chamber is kept between 60 and 70 percent;

c. air exchange: the air freshness degree in the brooding room at least meets the following standards: people can not feel stuffy after entering the human body and can not feel obvious peculiar smell or abnormal conditions such as dazzling, irritating and the like;

d. illumination: every 7.3m in brooding room²A25 watt bulb is installed at a height of 0.9m or 4.4m²A 15-watt bulb is arranged, and the installation height is 0.7 m; the illumination for 24 hours in the first week of brooding is gradually reduced, and the illumination intensity is 20 lux per square meter; the temperature is removed at the age of 4-5 weeks, and then the brooding is raised in a closed dark room, wherein the brooding room can be ventilated in the closed dark room raising process;

e. density management and control: the planar brooding density was: 50-60 per square meter at 1-10 days of age, 30-40 per square meter at 11-20 days of age, 20 per square meter at 21-30 days of age, and 10-15 per square meter at 31-42 days of age; the net cage brooding density is as follows: 30-35 per box at 1-10 ages in days, 15-20 per box at 11-20 ages in days, and 10 per box at 21-30 ages in days;

f. drinking water and boiling food, namely, drinking water for the first time after the young pheasants are transferred from the hatching chamber to the brooding chamber for half an hour; within 1-3 days of brooding, 8% glucose solution is added with multivitamin, electrolyte and antibiotic drinking water, penicillin water can be used, each milliliter of water contains 800-1000 units of penicillin, or 0.1% potassium permanganate solution is used, and then 5% white sugar water and 2% edible vinegar drinking water are supplied; the young pheasants are eaten after being shelled for 24-36 h;

g. feeding: feeding once every 2-3 h at first, feeding 7-8 times every day at 3-15 days old, feeding 6 times every day at 16-30 days old, feeding 5-6 times every day at 31-42 days old, and feeding 3-5 times every day at 43-60 days old; feeding young pheasant complete formula feed gradually after 3 days of age, feeding young pheasant complete formula feed completely after 7 days of age, or adding fresh fish meal, yeast powder, methionine, vitamin B2 milk-prepared cod liver oil and microelements into meat young pheasant complete formula feed, and matching green feed accounting for 30% of total amount of feed, wherein the green feed is added with shallot and garlic to help disease control of young pheasant; after 7 days of age, 1 to 2 percent of gravel is added into the feed to help digestion;

h. breaking the beak: performing first beak breaking when the young pheasant is 7-10 days old, performing beak breaking again for 1 time when the young pheasant is 30-40 days old, and adding vitamin K into the feed 2-3 days before and after beak breaking; the broken beak location is at 2/3 from the tip of the beak to the nostril;

i. domestication, education, hygiene and epidemic prevention

B. Cultivation of medium pheasants

a. Feeding: each pheasant needs 45-80 g of standard compound feed every day, the pheasant is fed 3-4 times a day, meanwhile, 20% -30% of green feed is matched, the pheasant is fed 1-2 times a day, the feeding frequency per day can be gradually reduced along with the increase of the age of the day, but the total frequency per day cannot be less than 3 times; sufficient drinking water is supplied while feeding;

b. density management and control: after the young pheasants are transferred into a medium pheasant house, the breeding density is preferably 10 per square meter, 8 per square meter when the young pheasants are 2 months old, 5 per square meter when the young pheasants are 3 months old, 3.5-5 per square meter when the young pheasants are counted into a playground, and the number of the young pheasants in each group is preferably within 200; when the sports ground is 11 weeks old, evacuating the ground, wherein 3-4 persons are used per square meter, 1.4-2.5 persons are used per square meter when the sports ground is counted, and the male and female persons are respectively fed in groups, and 100-150 persons are used in each group;

c. and (3) secondary seed pheasant breeding: performing primary selection on pheasants in 3 months of age, and establishing a post-stock pheasant group; the male pheasants are required to be large in size, strong in physique, strong in male sex, plump in feathers and bright in feather color; the female pheasant requires moderate body size, good development, deep chest width, large and soft abdomen, thick and short neck and legs, compact feathers, wider distance between two phalanges and between the tail end of the sternum and the pubic bone, and loose anus;

d. setting perch and sand pool

e. Temperature: the pheasants in the breeding period are 30-60 days old, and the temperature needs to be increased if the environmental temperature is lower than 17 ℃; if the temperature is higher than 18 ℃, heating is not needed;

f. preventing tinea pecking: cutting the beak at the age of 50-60 days, wherein the beak is long after the beak is cut, and the beak is cut again in time;

g. driving domestication and sanitation epidemic prevention

C. Cultivation of adult pheasants

a. Preparation period before mating

From the time of establishing a post-preparation pheasant group to the 2 nd year Yuanyue, the crude protein content of the daily ration is 16 percent, the nutrition level of the daily ration is gradually improved from the 2 nd month, and the pheasant complete feed is gradually fed or the laying hen complete joint feed is matched with fish meal; performing short-term limited feeding on female pheasants after the non-laying period for 2 weeks before laying eggs, namely feeding 70% of the female pheasants in the standard food amount every day, and performing short-term feeding on the female pheasants in the middle ten days of 2 months; the pheasants are bred in the mating and spawning periods, the feeding is less, and the sufficient feeding is ensured; feeding pheasants for 3 times in summer in the non-laying period by adopting a wet feeding method and feeding for 2 times in winter by adopting a dry feeding method;

performing 2 nd round seed selection in Yuanyue of 2 years, selecting male and female phasianidas with reproductive body conditions from the later-prepared phasianidas, eliminating female phasianidas with obesity or weakness and male phasianidas with weak body, disorganized feather and weak male, performing grouping once again according to the development conditions of different individuals by combining seed selection, and reducing the breeding density of each group to 2-3 pieces/m²Preferably 50 to 100 pieces per group;

in the 2 nd month of the 2 nd year, the size of each group of the breeding seeds of pheasants is 25-50, and the density is 1-2/m²The male-female ratio is (4-5): 1 is preferred; setting an egg laying box, cutting beaks and toes and carrying out immunization;

b. raising in egg producing period

Feeding high-quality pheasant complete feed, wherein the metabolism energy of the daily feed is 11.7 megajoules/kilogram, the content of crude protein is 20 percent, the content of lysine is 0.60 percent, the content of methionine and cystine is 0.80 percent, the content of calcium is 2.5 percent, the content of available phosphorus is 0.62 percent, and enough microelements and multivitamins are provided; or adding high-quality fish meal, feed yeast, amino acids, microelements and multivitamins into compound feed for laying hens, and feeding green feed such as carrot and green vegetable leaf; in order to ensure the fertility rate of hatching eggs, on the basis of comprehensive nutrition of daily ration, vitamin E10mg is added into each kilogram of feed, 2% -3% of fat is added into the daily ration during the egg laying peak period; in addition, gravel, concha pieces, bone meal, etc. can be used to prepare simple "health sand" for the pheasant to eat freely;

gradually increasing illumination from group pairing to 17-18 hours from 10-14 hours every day, utilizing natural illumination in the daytime, turning on the lamp at two ends early and late to prolong the illumination time, wherein the brightness of the lamp is weak, and the illumination intensity is not more than 10.5 lux; the net room feeding density is 1-2 pieces/m²Each group is not more than 50, and 7 animals are raised in a net cage; in non-breeding seasons, each pheasant occupies 0.8 square meter of activity area; adjusting the male-female ratio according to the situation, increasing drinking water, strictly forbidding frightening, and frequently picking eggs;

c. feeding during non-laying period

Grouping again, breeding the male and female separately, eliminating male weak male pheasants and female pheasants with low egg production, and raising density can be increased to 3-5/m²The number of each group can reach 100-200, and the beaks of all male and female pheasants are cut off when the groups are grouped again; the crude protein content of daily ration in the non-productive period is reduced to 15 percent, and the female pheasant is prevented from being over-fertilized in growth; when the feather is replaced and the feather is overwintering, a proper amount of feather powder or gypsum powder is added into the feed, the proportion of the energy feed is increased in winter, and the energy feed can account for 50% -60% of the daily ration; the pheasant shed is windproof and warm-keeping, the room temperature is kept above 8 ℃, and hygiene and epidemic prevention are well performed.

Further, when the temperature control is performed in step Aa, different temperature zones, i.e., high, medium, and low temperature zones, are set in one brooding thermal insulation apparatus or in the brooding room.

Further, when the adult pheasants are raised, each pheasant occupies a feeding trough with the length of 4-6 centimeters, and the length of the water trough is 3-4 centimeters.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides suitable feeding conditions for the pheasants in different growth periods, the survival rate of the pheasants is high, the egg yield is high, the appearance is attractive, and the economic benefit and the egg yield in the next year are improved.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not used as limitations of the present invention.

Example (b):

the embodiment provides a pheasant cultivation method, which comprises young pheasant cultivation, middle pheasant cultivation and adult pheasant cultivation.

Cultivation of pheasants

1. Temperature control

The newly-hatched chicks are smaller than the chicks of the common chickens, have extremely poor heat preservation capability and extremely weak self temperature regulation capability, so the requirement on temperature is higher; the temperature for brooding is improper, particularly the temperature is not enough, so that the chicks with the colorful mountains are easy to stack, and the chicks with the colorful mountains are the main reason for death of the chicks with the colorful mountains; the brooding temperature of the colorful pheasants is higher than that of the ordinary brooding chickens, the brooding temperature of the first 3 days is required to reach about 38 ℃, and then the brooding temperature is reduced by 1 to 2 ℃ every week until the brooding temperature is reduced to 25 to 30 ℃ about 5 weeks old; the temperature can be supplied by an infrared lamp or an electric heating wire, and the chicken needs to be heated in specific operation.

In order to keep the temperature moderate and adjust the temperature accurately, the following points must be noticed:

1) temperature measurement of several heat-preservation brooding methods

Firstly, temperature measurement under brooding umbrellas: a thermometer is arranged on the edge of the umbrella far away from the heat source and is 5 cm high away from the padding;

measuring the temperature in the brooding net cage: a thermometer is arranged at the edge of the box and 5 cm high from the bottom of the box;

measuring the temperature of the brooding room: the thermometer is arranged on a wall which is far away from a heat source and is 1-1.5 m high away from the ground; if the underground flue is used for heat preservation or other brooding methods which only depend on room temperature, the indoor temperature of the upper part, the middle part, the lower part, the left part, the right part, the front part and the rear part should be measured, and the temperature difference of each part cannot exceed +/-2 ℃;

the temperature measurement is carried out when the temperature is raised and preheated, and the temperature measurement can be stopped when the brooding room is stopped except the temperature of the brooding room;

2) setting different temperature zones: a slightly higher temperature area, a slightly lower temperature area and a slightly lower temperature area are formed in one brooding heat preservation device or a brooding chamber, so that the brooding pheasants can freely select the optimal temperature area to rest back and forth;

3) properly adjusting the temperature: when the outside air temperature suddenly drops, the brooding temperature is slightly increased, otherwise, the brooding temperature is properly reduced, and the temperature is generally raised to 1 ℃ at night; the temperature of the young chicken is slightly higher, and the temperature of the young chicken is lower for healthy young chicken with good physique; the brooding temperature of the small group is preferably slightly higher, and the brooding temperature of the large group is preferably slightly lower;

4) and (4) strengthening observation: the behavior postures of the young pheasants are continuously and carefully observed so as to accurately judge the appropriate degree of the temperature and flexibly adjust the temperature to create the optimal temperature environment.

When the temperature is proper, the young pheasant is lively and well-moving, the distribution is uniform, the feet are stretched, the head is stretched, the young pheasant lies still and quietly, the young pheasant moves freely, the appetite is strong, drinking water is normal, the young pheasant grows well, the sound is slight and light, the feathers are smooth and clean, and the excrement is in a strip shape. When the temperature is too low, young pheasants are mostly near a heat source, no fine picking is performed, the movement is slow, feathers are lusterless, overlapping piling is performed, bitter cold cry is generated, pecking is rarely performed, cold shiver and diarrhea are caused, the pheasants grow slowly and the sizes of individuals are uneven; when the temperature is too high, the pheasant group is far away from a heat source, the spirit is not vibrating, the neck is stretched, the mouth is opened, the breathing is carried out, a large amount of drinking water is provided, the appetite is reduced, the growth and development are hindered, and even diseases are induced.

2. Humidity control

A hygrometer is arranged in the brooding room, the relative humidity is kept between 60% and 70%, and if the hygrometer is not arranged, whether the brooding room is suitable for humidity is judged, and the judgment can be carried out through the feeling of people and the performance of the chicks. When the humidity is proper, people feel that the nose is not dry and the mouth is not dry, the shins and the toes of the young colorful pheasants are moist and tender, and less dust is generated during movement; if the brooding room is dry, water can be sprinkled on the ground or can be contained in a water tray for evaporation. If the humidity is too high, the window can be opened to allow air convection, excrement can be removed in time, and dry padding is used for replacement.

3. Ventilation

The ventilation of the pheasant brooding room is mainly carried out by opening and closing doors and windows and utilizing natural wind, an exhaust fan can be installed on condition to accelerate the removal of dirty air, and the freshness of the air in the brooding room generally at least reaches the condition that people cannot feel stuffy after entering the room and cannot feel obvious peculiar smell or dazzling, pungent and other abnormal conditions.

4. Providing rational illumination

In order to make the illumination intensity suitable, a 25-watt bulb per 7.3 square meters in a brooding room is generally 0.9 meter in height, or a 15-watt bulb per 4.4 square meters in height is generally 0.7 meter. The illumination is 24 hours in the 1 st week of brooding, the illumination is gradually reduced after 1 week, the illumination intensity is 20 lux per square meter, the brooding is preferably raised in a closed dark room after the brooding is cooled to 4-5 weeks old, namely, the brooding room is shaded by black cloth in the daytime to form the dark room for 24 hours, an exhaust fan is adopted for ventilation in the daytime under the condition, and the black cloth can be rolled up for ventilation at night under the unconditional condition. The benefits of this are: firstly, the growth is fast, and secondly, the tinea pecking is reduced.

5. Grasp density, reasonably classify and group

The reasonable feeding density is beneficial to the normal growth and development of young pheasants, the density is too high, the young pheasants are irregular in development, most of the young pheasants are slow in growth, are susceptible to diseases and have pernicious lochia, and the death rate is high; too low a density, wasting feeding area, fuel and electricity charges and manpower. The size of the chicks in Qicai mountain should not be too large, and generally 200-300 chicks are suitable for one group. In the feeding process, the chicks should be grouped in time according to the size and strength of the chicks.

The typical planar brooding density is: 50-60 per square meter at 1-10 days of age, 30-40 per square meter at 11-20 days of age, 20 per square meter at 21-30 days of age, and 10-15 per square meter at 31-42 days of age.

The net cage brooding density is as follows: 30-35 persons in 1-10 days old, 15-20 persons in 11-20 days old and 10 persons in 21-30 days old in each box, and the density of brooding in the pheasant field can be controlled according to local conditions by referring to the data and combining the specific conditions of the structure, ventilation, feeding conditions and the like of the pheasant shed.

When the density is well held, the strong and weak pheasants are separately fed in groups by combining the evacuation density work, so that the uniformity among the pheasants is improved, and the death of the weak pheasants is reduced.

6. Drinking water and boiling food

1) Drinking water: the young pheasants can be drunk for the first time after turning from the hatching chamber to the brooding chamber for half an hour, the drinking water is earlier than the drinking water, the young pheasants can drink water firstly to supplement water consumed in the bodies when the young pheasants are taken out of the shells, promote intestinal tract peristalsis, eliminate meconium, promote metabolism, accelerate the absorption of residual egg yolks in the bodies, and enhance appetite;

within 1-3 days of brooding, 8% glucose solution is added with proper amount of multivitamin, electrolyte and proper amount of antibiotic to drink water; penicillin water can also be used, wherein each milliliter of water contains 800-1000 units of penicillin, or 0.1% potassium permanganate aqueous solution is used, then drinking water of 5% white sugar water and 2% edible vinegar is supplied, and the water is stopped for days after each day of drinking; repeating the steps, the white dysentery of the young pheasant can be prevented;

drinking water with the same indoor temperature is used in the early brooding period, normal-temperature water can be used in the middle and later periods, generally, a small-size drinking fountain is supplied to every 20-30 broods, and the drinking fountains are uniformly distributed and placed due to the large number of broods in the plane brooding period so as to ensure that each brood can drink at any time;

2) opening the food: the first ingestion of the young pheasants is called the starting ingestion, and the appetite, digestion and future growth and development of the young pheasants are directly influenced in the morning and evening of the starting ingestion time; the young pheasants are too early to eat, so that the residual egg yolks in the young pheasants are not easy to absorb, the digestive function of the young pheasants is weak, the gastrointestinal burden is increased, diseases are easily caused, the physical strength of the young pheasants is consumed after the young pheasants eat too late, the young pheasants become weak, the growth and development of the young pheasants are influenced, and the young pheasants are generally eaten after being taken out of the shell for 24-36 hours;

the chickling feed has high protein concentration, comprehensive nutrition and higher requirements on vitamins and trace elements than the chicks, and the broiler complete formula feed can be selected under no conditions, and proper amount of poultry multivitamins, sodium selenite vitamin E mixture, poultry trace elements and disease-preventing medicines are added;

the feed for opening the food is required to be fresh, the particle size is moderate, the pecking is easy, the nutrition is rich, the digestion and the absorption are easy, and common feed comprises millet, broken rice, yellow corn crumbs, cooked eggs and the like; soaking semen Setariae, broken rice, and yellow corn stigma in boiling water, mixing with cooked ovum gallus Domesticus, stirring, and feeding; the complete feed of the meat pheasants can be directly used for starting; it is generally believed that: the half-dry and half-wet feed is fed within 5 days after the start of eating;

before eating, the prepared feed is placed on a shallow flat feeding trough, a food tray or a sterilized cardboard, the appliances are placed at positions which are easy to see and peck by young pheasants, and the brightness can be properly increased to help young pheasants to forage for food when necessary; many primary pheasants often peck food, but do not peck accurately and cannot recognize materials, so that the primary pheasants sometimes need to be lured manually to eat; the method comprises the following steps: tearing the red paper into pieces, placing the pieces in a small glass bottle, placing the bottle in the middle of a food groove, a food tray or a hardboard, and removing the food around the bottle; when the young pheasant sees dazzling things in the bottle, the young pheasant can run out of pecking and swallow the bottle when the young pheasant pecks foodstuffs unintentionally; as long as a few pheasants with heads exist, other pheasants can be imitated close to the crib, the food tray or the cardboard; after the induction is carried out for 2-3 days, the food can be eaten by oneself.

7. Elaborately feeding

The feeding principle of young pheasants is less feeding and feeding, so that the feed is not wasted, and the young pheasants cannot be swollen, damaged or eaten with food. The preparation method is carried out once every 2-3 hours at first, 7-8 times a day at 3-15 days old, 6 times a day at 16-30 days old, 5-6 times a day at 31-42 days old and 3-5 times a day at 43-60 days old. After 3 days of age, feeding the young pheasant complete formula feed gradually; after 7 days of age, the young pheasant is fully fed with complete batch mixture, or the young pheasant complete batch mixture is added with a proper amount of imported freshwater fish meal, yeast powder, methionine, vitamin B2 emulsified cod liver oil, trace elements and the like, and is matched with green feed accounting for 30% of the total feed, and the green feed is added with a certain proportion of shallot and garlic, so that the disease control of the young pheasant is facilitated. After 7 days of age, 1-2% gravel is added into the feed to help digestion. In addition, the water needs to be added and changed frequently while feeding, and particularly the water cannot be cut off during the heat preservation period.

8. Carefully observe and carefully record

The brooding personnel should have a high responsibility, pay attention to everything in the brooding room at any time, particularly, take action of brooding pheasants at one time, and carefully make a record, and if a problem occurs, take corresponding measures in time;

1) observing whether the heat source equipment is normal: the fire disaster or the electric shock of people and pheasants are prevented in a wary way;

2) whether the indoor is dead due to impurities such as yarn, cloth strips, iron wires, nails, glass chips and the like is checked;

3) closely observing the dynamics of the pheasant group: to understand the health status of young pheasants;

the method comprises the following steps: firstly, observing the young pheasant and the excrement thereof to know the digestion condition of the feed; healthy pheasant is active in spirit, deficient in crop and moderate in stool hardness and is in a heap shape or a strip shape; if the feces are too hard, indicating that the drinking water is insufficient or the feed is improper, the green feed should be properly increased; if the feces are too thin, the feces are too much water or indigestion; if the feces contain blood, coccidiosis may occur; if the feces are white paste, white dysentery may occur; in a word, once abnormal feces are found, the reason needs to be found out in time, and corresponding measures need to be taken; if necessary, the patient needs to be sent to a laboratory quickly for confirmation;

secondly, in the daytime: attention should be paid to the food intake, water drinking and activity conditions of the young pheasants, if the food intake and water drinking of the young pheasants are reduced or do not increase for several days continuously, problems are indicated, and the activity conditions of the young pheasants are combined to judge whether the young pheasants are sick or the feed quality is poor, the palatability is poor or other reasons exist;

③ at night: the resting postures and positions of the young pheasants should be observed, if the postures are abnormal when the young pheasants are curled, the young pheasants are likely to be sick pheasants, and the young pheasants should be immediately isolated and diagnosed in time to take corresponding measures;

4) carefully recording, providing help for the next management work, and providing experience and teaching for the future brooding; the recorded content includes: temperature, humidity, drinking water, time to eat, times and food intake per day, water intake per day, epidemic prevention time and vaccine type, average body weight, survival rate, morbidity, mortality, expense and the like.

9. Beak broken

The pheasants are easy to peck during the whole breeding process, and some pheasants have tinea pecking at the age of 5 days, especially the pecking of anus and toe; pecking can be treated by improving environmental conditions, strengthening the feeding tube or using drugs such as anal pecking agent, but the most effective method is to cut the beak. During brooding, the beaks are firstly broken, the time is selected from 7-10 days old, the beaks are broken for 1 time after 30-40 days old, 2-3 days before and after the beak breaking, and vitamin K and multiple vitamin additives are properly added into the feed to stop bleeding and relieve stress. The beak breaking is generally carried out by a beak breaking device, the position of the beak is 2/3 from the tip of the beak to the nostril, the upper beak needs to be longer, and the lower beak needs to be shorter and cannot be broken into a level state with the upper beak and the lower beak. The broken beak can also be cut with scissors and then scalded with an electric iron.

10. Domestication and education

In order to facilitate feeding management, some bad habits of the pheasants are changed, domestication and training can be started during brooding, on one hand, a feeder uses the conditioned reflex principle to make tongue sound the voices of 'indole and indole …' every time the feeder throws the feed, so that the feeder can form a habit of feeding the feed when hearing the voices; on the other hand, often vegetable leaves or other foodstuffs are used for food calling to make them afraid of the human body and gradually build feelings with breeders.

11. Making good health and epidemic prevention

1) Protection and isolation are well performed: the brooding work needs the special management of a special person, and the outside person can not enter the brooding room at will and then declines to visit; newly-fed pheasants should be isolated and housed in an isolation house, and cannot be fed in groups in a room and a room at any time, once sick pheasants are found, the sick pheasants should be isolated and treated immediately, and the dead pheasants should be placed in a closed container to be burnt in time or sent to a place far away from the pheasant house for deep burying and other harmless treatment;

2) and (3) grasping and strictly sterilizing: before entering a brooding room, a breeder needs to disinfect clothes, trousers, shoes, caps and the like, and a disinfection groove is arranged in front of a brooding room door; the related appliances in the brooding room need to be cleaned and disinfected regularly, such as a feeding trough and a water tank (tray) need to be brushed once a day; the padding needs to be dried and replaced frequently, and the floor of the brooding room is ensured to be clean and dry;

3) and (3) strictly preventing mouse and insect invasion: at night, rats can steal feed or bite or kill pheasants and can also spread diseases; in summer, mosquitoes bite the pheasant and spread diseases, so strict precaution and killing work should be done;

4) periodically performing preventive inoculation: the immunization program and the method of the young pheasant can be tried by referring to the chickens, and the inoculation dose is slightly smaller than or equal to that of the chickens of the same age.

Cultivation of two-medium pheasants

The medium pheasant is also called young pheasant, and refers to the pheasant from 42 days old to 120 days old, and the pheasant bred in this period can be used as commercial meat to go on the market or be reserved as a seed pheasant. Therefore, the feeding at the stage is related to the early and late time of the marketing time, the light weight, the aesthetic degree of the appearance and the economic benefit, and is also related to the good and bad performance of the pheasant group.

The main physiological characteristics and requirements of the medium pheasant are as follows: the medium pheasant grows fastest, is an important stage of skeleton and muscle growth, generally has daily gain of 10-15 g, the meat pheasant can have daily gain larger, generally has the weight of 3 months old male pheasant which can reach 73% of the adult pheasant, and the female pheasant can reach 75%; the meat pheasants are required to be fed in an open manner due to the requirement of appearing on the market in advance, the crude protein content of the daily ration is required to be more than 18 percent, the limited feeding is required for the seed pheasants, the crude protein content of the daily ration can be gradually reduced to 15 to 16 percent, the growth and development of the meat pheasants are slowed down due to the lower protein level, the skeletons and the reproductive organs of the meat pheasants can be fully developed, and the meat pheasants cannot be overgrown and waste the feed; the medium pheasants have active sexual conditions, plump wings, are good for flying and easy to escape, and need larger living space and strict precaution facilities; the mosquito is sensitive to color, sound and the like, flies and bumps after being frightened, and is easy to die; the appearance difference of the male and female is gradually obvious, when the male pheasants grow to 50-60 days old, the cheeks are exposed, the peripheries of eye circles are red, and the feathers of the neck, the chest, the abdomen, the back and the two wings gradually show different colors; by about 90 days old, the appearance of the male pheasant basically presents the gorgeous color of the pheasant, and the tail feather is long; the feather color of the female pheasant is basically unchanged in the whole growth process, the female pheasant is in a numb brown color of the whole body, and the tail feather is shorter; the appearance difference of the male and female pheasants is obvious, and the male and female pheasants are easy to breed in groups.

The breeding method of the medium pheasants comprises the following steps:

a three-dimensional cage culture method: pheasants raised in large batches with the aim of meat use adopt a three-dimensional cage raising method in the breeding period, so that a good effect can be obtained; compared with the three-dimensional cage rearing of young chickens, the feeding density of the pheasants in the rearing period is properly reduced, the pheasants are out of temperature at the age of 30 days, the feeding density reaches 20-25 pheasants per square meter by combining the grouping evacuation density, and then the pheasants are evacuated once every two weeks or so to reduce the density by half until the pheasants reach 2-3 pheasants per square meter; when the meat pheasants are raised in cages, attention should be paid to reduce the illumination intensity so as to reduce pecking;

a net house feeding method: the pheasants in the breeding period are raised in the net house on the plane, and different net houses can be adopted under different conditions; the poultry house seats face south, each building is 25 meters long and 5 meters wide, the north wall is 2.5 meters high, the south wall is 2 meters high (or the south wall is not built), a playground connected with the poultry house is built on one side of the south surface, the playground is built by wood columns according to the specification of 25 meters long, 3 meters wide and 2 meters high, and the playground is covered with a net (a nylon net or a wire mesh); every bird house and its connected playground are averagely divided into 5 spaces by nylon net, and the playground sky net and the net for separation have the mesh specification of 2 cm x 2 cm. A working room with the height of 1.7 m and the width of 0.6 m is reserved on the north side of each poultry house, a roost with the size matched with that of the poultry house is made of bamboo, wood and the like in each poultry house, and 150-200 pheasants in the breeding period can be raised in each poultry house with the specification; the poultry house part of the net house is provided with a south wall, and can be used for feeding pheasants aged more than 30 days; if a south wall is not built, the method can be used for feeding pheasants aged 30-60 days only under the condition that the lowest daily temperature is not lower than 17-18 ℃, if the pheasants aged 60 days are fed, or in the region or season with the temperature not lower than 17-18 ℃ during feeding the pheasants in the growing period, the south wall, even east and west walls can not be built in the poultry house, or an open net room can be built in a dry and brittle manner, a wind-shielding barrier and a rain-proof shed can be arranged in the open net room, and a perch frame is arranged under the rain-proof shed for inhabitation;

the method for breeding pheasants in the net house provides a large movement space for the pheasants in the breeding period, the wild characteristics of meat pheasants can be increased, the reproductive capacity of the breeding pheasants is improved, and the method is one of effective ways for breeding healthy population, but the pheasants in 30 days old are moved into the net house for breeding and management in the breeding period, the main wing feathers of the pheasants grow completely, and the pheasants are easy to block and injure due to sudden takeoff after entering a room because of environmental mutation; therefore, before a human net house or a net room, a method of cutting off 3 main wing feathers every two is adopted to prevent the pheasants from crashing and bruising due to flying caused by environmental mutation, and a sand pool is also arranged in the net room or on a sports ground for the pheasants to eat freely and perform sand bath;

free-ranging method: pheasants are wild rare birds, are good at catching insect animals, like grains, bean grains, weed seeds and young stems and leaves of plants, have strong clustering performance and nesting performance, and do not lose habits even though American pheasants domesticated for many generations manually; therefore, according to the habits, resource conditions such as forests, firewood forests, fallow land, hills, pastures and the like are fully utilized, 1000-2000 square meters of cage net pens are built, pheasants are raised in a scattered mode, and the height of the cage net pens is 2.3 meters; in order to prevent the pheasants from flying due to fright, the pheasants can be raised after feather and wing are cut off; the method comprises the steps of treating pheasants to be fed into the cage in the same-net cage feeding method, wherein the wing breaking is performed immediately after the pheasants are out of shells, the last joint of the left or right wing is cut off by a beak-cutting device, and the wing breaking needs to be prevented from infection and stopped bleeding; the breeding method can be used for pheasants aged 60 days later, and if the pheasant chicks are aged 30 days and the outside air temperature is not lower than 17-18 ℃, the pheasants can be raised scattered after being cooled; the stocking density is 1 meter and 1 machine; the feeding method is labor-saving in management, meanwhile, the pheasants basically inhabit in the wild environment, the range of motion is large, the mutual interference is small, the sanitary condition is good, enough feed and drinking water are provided, natural animal and plant food can be pecked freely, and the fast growth is facilitated; the method has the greatest advantages that the free-range pheasants have the characteristic of wild flavor and are deeply favored by consumers, and the method can be adopted in places with the resource conditions, and is particularly ideal in places with rich insect resources; if other resource conditions are met, the artificial breeding insect can also be used for artificial breeding and feeding.

Feeding management of Zhongxian pheasants

1. Scientific feeding

With the improvement of digestive function and the enhancement of appetite, the foraging ability of the medium pheasant and the variety of the feed intake are both enhanced and increased compared with the young pheasant, the medium pheasant basically belongs to the omnivorous poultry, the poultry can eat the medium pheasant, and the poultry like seeds, vegetables, tender grass, worm eggs and the like the medium pheasant. The large-scale feeding is to prepare complete feed with balanced nutrition according to the nutrition standard at this stage for feeding, or to directly feed chicken in meat with a little fish meal or yeast powder; the farm household small-scale breeding can also directly feed with agricultural and sideline products such as paddy, wheat grains, broken corns, broken soybeans, broken broad beans and the like so as to reduce the feed cost and improve the economic benefit, but at the same time, 3 or more than 3 agricultural and sideline products are required to be mixed and fed, a reasonable proportion is formulated according to the nutritional standard in advance, and minerals and vitamins are required to be supplemented appropriately. Animal feeds such as small fish, shrimp, earthworm or spiral shell are fed to the meat pheasants every day to improve the protein level in the daily ration and accelerate the growth of the middle pheasants, so that the meat pheasants can appear on the market early, and the meat pheasants can appear on the market after about 100 days old.

The craw of the pheasant is small, the food is less contained, the medium pheasant still requires less feeding and more meals, the too short or too long feeding time interval and the too large or too small feeding amount are avoided, and the pheasant is prevented from being suddenly full and hungry. Generally, each pheasant needs 45-80 g of standard compound feed every day, the pheasant needs to be fed 3-4 times a day, meanwhile, 20% -30% of green feed is matched, the pheasant needs to be fed 1-2 times a day, the feeding frequency per day can be gradually reduced along with the increase of the age of the day, but the total frequency per day cannot be less than 3 times.

In the feeding process, no matter what feeding method is adopted, drinking water must be sufficiently supplied at the same time, particularly, the drinking water supply needs to be paid attention under the condition of adopting dry powder feed feeding, water needs to be filled in a drinking trough in the daytime and at night, and once no water exists, the drinking trough needs to be timely replenished.

2. Grasp density, reasonably classify and group

After the young pheasants are transferred into the medium pheasant shed, the breeding density is preferably 10 per square meter, 8 for 2-month age and 5 for 3-month age, if the area of the sports ground is counted, 3.5-5 pheasants per square meter are bred, and the number of pheasants in the pheasant shed is preferably less than 200. At the age of 11 weeks, the density of evacuation is 3-4 per square meter, and 1.4-2.5 in the sports field, and the animals are fed in groups of 100-150 in each group. Because the middle pheasants have high growth speed and are often uneven in size in the growth process, the strong pheasants eat more quickly while the weak pheasants eat less, and even the strong pheasants can peck the weak pheasants and pecks the weak pheasants. Therefore, during the process of feeding the weak pheasants, reasonable grouping must be carried out, and the weak pheasants are selected in time to strengthen the feeding. The pheasants are mainly bred in different sexes due to the fact that male pheasants are large and strong in physique and are different from female pheasants. The pheasants just transferred into a breeding net house are gathered and extruded under a wall corner, particularly, the pheasants are gathered and heated under the condition that the temperature is low in the night, in order to avoid the death of the pheasants, the pheasants are paved along the wall corner to form a slope with the slope of about 300 when bedding grass is paved, and the bedding grass is treaded down, so that the pheasants cannot penetrate under the grass, cannot stand stably on the bedding grass and are not easy to form piles when being extruded and heated; meanwhile, in 2-3 days after the group is switched, night shift personnel need to frequently patrol and find that the collected pile needs to be driven away in time.

3. Preparing seeds of pheasants after breeding and carrying out limited feeding

The primary selection of the seeds is generally carried out in the middle phasianids of 3 months old, and the post-seed phasianids are established. The common pheasants are required to be large in size, strong in physique, strong in male sex, plump in feather and bright in feather color; for female phasiana, it is required that the body size is moderate, the development is good, the chest is wide and deep, the abdomen is large and soft, the neck and legs are thick and short, the feathers are compact, the distance between the two phalanges and between the tail end of the sternum and the pubic bone is wide, and the anus is loose. The limited feeding of the post-preparation pheasants is generally carried out manually by quality, namely the protein level in the daily ration is properly reduced according to the above, and the proportion of the green feed can be increased by properly reducing the dosage of the concentrated feed. The feed is not suitable for being overfull, and the phenomena of reduction of reproductive performance caused by over-fertilizer growth, such as reduction of mating ability of male pheasants, delayed dystocia of female pheasants in the egg laying period and the like are avoided.

4. Setting perch and sand pool

The perch and the sand are arranged to effectively utilize the space, expand the moving range of the pheasant and meet the flying habit of the pheasant. After the medium pheasant house is switched into, roost frames are arranged inside and outside the medium pheasant house, 2 groups are generally arranged indoors, 2 groups are arranged in the outdoor net, and the roost frames are manufactured according to the relevant requirements, wherein each group is 3 meters long. In order to supply medium pheasants to sand bath and forage, a sand pool is arranged in the net pen. The sand pool is generally 2 meters multiplied by 5 meters, the thickness of the sand is 5-8 centimeters, and fine sand with the thickness of 3-5 centimeters can be paved on the whole ground of the net fence. If the outdoor has no net fence, a plurality of small sand pools can be dispersedly arranged indoors, or fine sand can be paved on the whole ground.

5. Maintaining a stable living environment

Medium pheasants, like young pheasants, require a stable living environment. The breeder needs to be careful to go in and out, the door pushing and closing action needs to be light, the clothes, shoes and hats need to be relatively stable, the long-term gray clothes are good, outsiders cannot go in and out of the pheasant room or walk nearby, abnormal sound cannot be produced, and no sound source is preferably arranged around the pheasant room. For the sake of stability, the flying caused by sudden change of environment and resulting collision injury and death can be prevented, and 3 main wings of the airplane can be cut off every 2 wings to reduce flying ability properly.

6. Temperature of

The pheasants in the breeding period are in 30-60 days old, although the pheasants are out of temperature, if the environmental temperature is lower than 17 ℃, the pheasants cannot adapt to the environment and need to be heated, particularly in rainy days and the like; if the temperature is higher than 180 ℃, heating and warming are not needed.

7. Tinea pecking prevention

The medium pheasants have vigorous appetite and strong sidedness, and are most easy to peck feathers and anus, so that the beak breaking and the feed management enhancement are required for the 2 nd time; the beak breaking of the 2 nd time is generally carried out at the age of 50-60 days, and the method is the same as that of the 1 st time. If the beak is longer after the beak is broken for the 2 nd time, the beak should be broken again in time.

The following main requirements for strengthening the feeding management are as follows:

illumination cannot be strong, and illumination is not needed at night except for feeding at night when open feeding is needed;

② new pheasant groups can not be added suddenly;

the drinking trough and the trough are placed uniformly, drinking water and food are sufficient, and the pheasant cannot be hungry;

the daily ration has reasonable structure, and can be added with a small amount of sulfur-containing substances such as gypsum, mirabilite and the like;

fifthly, the indoor breeding density cannot be large, and the moving range of the medium pheasants cannot be small;

sixthly, the ventilation of the pheasant house is good, and the temperature and the humidity cannot be too high;

and the environment is protected, and feather louse cannot be on the body surface.

In addition, some plate-shaped barriers can be arranged in the pheasant shed or the net fence for the pheasant groups to avoid when pursuing, thereby reducing the occurrence of feather pecking and anus pecking.

8. Driving domestication

Under the condition of net house feeding, within 1 week after group switching, the chickens are closed in the house, feeding is carried out regularly, and the pheasants are driven to the bedding for rest after feeding so as to prevent the pheasants from catching cold on the ground. In the middle of a fine day, the pheasants can be driven to the net room for free activities and driven back to the house before the afternoon. After 1 week, except in cloudy and rainy days, the pheasants are driven to the net room (playground) for activity, and then driven back to the house in the evening. When a rain shower occurs, the pheasants are timely driven back to the house so as to avoid being irrigated by rain or catching a cold due to rain. Therefore, the domesticated pheasants are often driven to form a certain conditioned reflex, after 3 weeks of turning, the pheasants can hide indoors no matter in the daytime or at night when the pheasants are attacked by wind and rain, and can freely move and inhabit in and out of the house in the daytime.

9. Epidemic prevention and hygiene

The method mainly comprises the steps of completing environmental sanitation and immunization work, cleaning and replacing sand frequently in a pheasant house and a net fence, cleaning and disinfecting frequently in a drinking trough, a trough and the like, timely removing weeds and shrubs around the pheasant house and the net fence, killing rats, mosquitoes and flies regularly and stopping the propagation and spread of pathogens; the medium phasiana generally needs to be inoculated with a new castle disease I vaccine once at about 60 days of age, and a cholera fowl vaccine is injected once before and after the period.

10. Daily management

In the breeding period, the pheasants have to grab the following work besides grabbing the regular and periodic work and daily feeding and water supplying work:

1) ventilating: the pheasants are bred in a cage breeding mode, and the ventilation and air exchange are carried out at regular time every day, because the breeding density is high, the metabolism of the pheasants in the breeding period is increased compared with that in the brooding period, and the requirements on the ventilation and air exchange are higher;

2) cleaning: the food groove and the water groove are frequently washed and brushed at least once every day and are regularly disinfected; strengthen daily bedding and padding management, turn over on duty, trade on duty, shine on duty. The ground is always kept dry, and the chicken needs to be clean;

3) illumination: if the chickens are ready for breeding, the light of the bred chickens is managed according to the promotion of the male and female chickens to advance or timely and synchronously reach sexual maturity, namely, the male and female chickens are bred in groups in week II, and corresponding light management is started;

the electric light is commonly adopted for the meat pheasants to light at night, the light is turned on all night to promote the pheasants to eat food uniformly, the drinking water is normal, and the pheasants are helped to develop tidily. Some weak pheasants are often not full if the feeding is limited, the pheasants can continue to eat food when the light is turned on at night, and the weak pheasants can basically sleep as usual; the lamp can be turned on at night, so that animal damage can be prevented, and frightened crowd uneasiness can not be caused;

there are two ways for daily light management: firstly, the lighting of night is ensured, and secondly, the bulbs are properly and crossly turned off, so that the lighting of feeding and drinking water of the pheasants is ensured, the interference of strong light on the sleep of the pheasants is avoided, the phenomenon of pecking tinea is prevented, and the electricity can be saved;

4) multiple observations: the action, mental state, ingestion and feces of the pheasant should be observed frequently so as to find problems in time and take remedial measures as early as possible.

11. Four season management

The four-season management is mainly used for preventing heatstroke in summer and preventing cold in winter. The pheasant has a body temperature higher than that of poultry, 40-42.5 ℃, is externally coated with feathers, has no sweat glands and is very heat-resistant.

1) Summer: the pheasants have less food intake and slow growth, so people need to do heatstroke prevention and cooling work, and open all openable doors and windows to ensure that the air in the house circulates as much as possible. The wire netting is additionally arranged on the door and the window to prevent animal damage; the window and door should be equipped with shading facilities, which is not only beneficial to the emission of hot air and the prevention of direct sunlight, but also can defend thunderstorm, and if necessary, water can be sprayed on the roof, or the indoor temperature can be reduced by well water spray, and the open-air net room should be provided with enough shading trees, otherwise, a shading shed should be built; in summer, the temperature is high at noon, the food intake of the pheasants is reduced generally, some green materials can be fed, the temperature is low in the morning and the evening, the appetite of the pheasants is stronger, so the pheasants should be fed in the early morning and the evening, and the pheasants should be fed fully; the wet feed is easy to be rancid in summer, so the feed is required to be stirred once and is not too wet, and the feed is preferably not sticky when being pinched by hands; drinking water needs to be supplied fully, and cool fresh water needs to be replaced frequently;

2) in winter: the external air temperature is relatively low, the heat preservation work of the pheasant henhouse is required to be done, and the room temperature is preferably not lower than 8 ℃.

Usually, the north window and the west window of a pheasant house are closed to avoid direct blowing of cold air, the pheasant is out of temperature in the breeding period, but the inner body of 30-60 days old is weak and is afraid of cold, if the temperature is too low, the temperature is properly heated, ground padding can be added to keep the ground warm, the thickness of the padding is above 15 cm, the influence of cold air on the ground can be reduced, and the padding is frequently turned over and replaced because the influence of wet cold on the pheasant is greater than that of dry cold. In winter, the heat consumption of pheasants is high due to low air temperature, the material consumption is properly increased, particularly, high-energy feed is properly added, vitamins are supplied, dry powder is preferably adopted for feeding, so that the situation that wet materials are frozen to influence the feeding of the pheasants is avoided, the pheasants are fed for a short time and a long time in winter, the feeding time in the evening is late, enough feeding is needed, and some granular materials can be properly added in the evening when necessary.

Cultivation of three-generation pheasants

The pheasants are named as adult pheasants after 120 days of age, and the pheasants for meat can be listed in the market generally about 100 days of age, so the feeding management of adult pheasants is substantially the feeding management of the pheasants in different periods. In a wild state, the adult pheasants have biorhythmic changes along with the change of seasons and the change of environmental conditions such as temperature and the like closely related to the change of seasons, so that the physiological characteristics are different in stages, and the adult pheasants still have the characteristics under the feeding condition. The breeding and management of pheasants need to strengthen targeted breeding and management according to the physiological characteristics and seasonal characteristics of the pheasants in each stage. Therefore, besides the breeding pheasants need to take all the feeding and management operations, the breeding pheasants also need to take important feeding and management measures in different physiological stages of the growth of the pheasants. According to the physiological changes and characteristics of pheasants caused by seasonal changes, the feeding management of the pheasants can be roughly divided into 3 stages of a preparation period, an egg laying period and a non-laying period before mating. The preparation period before mating refers to a growth period of 6-7 months or 8 months, namely 2 months from the end of the year to the 2 nd year; the egg laying period refers to 3-9 months in the 2 nd year; the fallow period, namely the period of overwintering when the hair is changed, means 9-12 months in the 2 nd year. The feeding management of the 3 stages is closely related to the production performance of the pheasants, so the feeding management is carefully, meticulously and scientifically carried out, careless and careless pursuit is avoided, and otherwise, economic loss is inevitably caused.

Adult pheasants are mostly raised in a net house, adult pheasants can still be raised in the net house in the breeding period, but the raising density is properly reduced, and the individual reaches the maximum after the adult pheasants grow up, and a large activity space is needed, so the raising density is reduced, for example, the height of the net house (playground) in the breeding period is increased to 2.5 meters, the width is increased by 4-5 meters, the width reaches 7-8 meters, the adult pheasants can also be raised in a large net cage, the cage is 4 meters long, 2 meters wide and not less than 1 meter high, and each net cage with the specification can be raised into a breeding group (mating breeding period).

Feeding management in preparation period before mating

Gonad development of the pheasants after 4 months of age, sexual maturity can be achieved after 7-8 months of age, sexual maturity of a male pheasant is earlier than that of a female pheasant, after sexual maturity, the male pheasant buzzes, seeks for a couple, chases the female pheasant, and starts to climb the hip for mating; the female pheasants begin to lay eggs and enter the breeding season.

The following preparations should be made before propagation:

1. scientific feeding

From the establishment of a post-preparation pheasant group (about 10 months or later in the year) to the Yuan month of the 2 nd year, the feed with a lower protein level is fed, the crude protein content of the general daily ration is 16%, the air temperature in the period is low, the proportion of the high-energy feed is increased, the nutrition level of the daily ration is gradually increased from the 2 nd month, the full-price feed for the pheasant is gradually fed, or the full-nutrition feed for the laying hens is matched with a small amount of fish meal, so the breeding preparation period is the transition stage from the low-protein daily ration to the high-protein daily ration feeding. For female pheasants after the non-laying period, short-term limited feeding is carried out for 2 weeks before egg laying, so that the production performance of the female pheasants is improved in the long non-laying period, the female pheasants are fat and fat accumulation in abdominal cavities due to much ingestion, and difficult laying and rectocele are easy to occur in the egg laying period. After 2 weeks of limited feeding, namely feeding 70% of the standard food intake of the pheasant every day, the abdominal fat of the pheasant can be reduced, the endocrine regulating function of the pheasant and the function of a reproductive system are more coordinated, the ovulation speed and the peristalsis of egg delivery chirp are more coordinated, so that the occurrence of dystocia and rectocele is avoided, meanwhile, the egg laying rate and the qualification rate of hatching eggs can also be improved, the short-term feeding can be generally carried out in the middle and upper ten days of 2 months, and the short-term feeding needs to be noticed and determined according to the relevant conditions of pheasant groups; the pheasants with light weight and poor health condition cannot be used.

In the mating and spawning period of the pheasant, the feeding frequency meets the characteristic of no pause time in order to meet the mating and spawning requirements of the pheasant, less feeding is frequently added, sufficient feeding is ensured, and a wet feeding method can be adopted so as to facilitate the feeding of the pheasant. The pheasant is fed for 3 times in summer by a wet feeding method, wherein the feeding time and times of the pheasant are relatively stable; the pheasant is fed for 2 times in winter, and a dry feeding method is adopted to prevent the feed from freezing to influence the ingestion, the nutritional structure of the feed and the feeding amount of the feed, so as to meet the requirements of pheasant breeding. The drinking water supply is ensured, and the drinking water in summer is ensured to be added along with drinking; the people can peck snow in winter to meet the requirement of drinking water, and warm water is suitable for artificial water supply, and particularly, ice water cannot be used.

2. Selecting seeds again and grouping

Selecting seeds in the 2 nd round of Yuanyue in the 2 nd year, and selecting female and male pheasants with reproductive body conditions from the later-prepared pheasants according to the requirements, so as to eliminate the female pheasants which are fat or weak and the male pheasants which are weak in body, disorganized in feather and weak in male; combining seed selection, grouping again according to the development conditions of different individuals, keeping the development conditions of each group of the pheasants at the same level, and reducing the feeding density of each group to 2-3 chickens/m²Preferably, the size of each group is 50 to 100.

3. Rational tissue breeding group

Reasonably organizing the breeding groups in 2 months of the 2 nd year, wherein the size of the breeding groups is reasonable, the male-female ratio and the grouping pairing time are suitable, the size of each group of the general breeding seeds of pheasants is 25-50, and the density is 1-2/m²The male-female ratio is (4-5): preferably 1. If too many male pheasants exist in the pheasant group, the phenomenon that the male pheasants and the female pheasants mutually compete with each other can occur to influence the mating rate and the hatching egg fertilization rate; if too many female phasianids are present, the leakage of mating will often occur to reduce the fertilization rate. The pheasants are bred in groups before the breeding period, and when the breeding period approaches, the pheasants are matched in groups. If the group is too early, the female pheasants do not start laying eggs and are unwilling to accept mating, and the sexual desire can be influenced by pursuing by the male pheasants; the fertilization rate of hatching eggs is affected by too late herding. The time for the male and female partnerships of primary parturient pheasants is usually slightly later than that of the partnerships of multiparous pheasants. The specific grouping time should be reasonably controlled according to the sexual maturity, oestrus and local climate conditions of the pheasant, please refer to the above.

4. Setting egg laying box

In order to prevent female pheasants from laying eggs along the ground and prevent male pheasants from pecking the eggs, reduce the damage of the eggs and keep the eggs clean, an egg laying box is arranged at a dark and remote position of a pheasant house according to the requirements in the front of a book, one egg laying box is arranged for every 2-3 female pheasants, in order to lure the female pheasants to lay eggs in the box, a white table tennis ball can be placed in the egg box firstly, and a good effect can be obtained.

5. Beak and toe

The beak of a pheasant group with long beak and pecking is broken again, and comprehensive prevention and treatment measures are taken, but it is also considered that the beak of a male pheasant is not broken at this time in order to meet the requirement of copulation, and the toe of the male pheasant is broken in a breeding farm which often has the phenomena that eggs are laid by the male pheasant and the male pheasant is stepped on to cause death all the year round, and the method is to cut off the rear toe tip and the inner toe tip of the male pheasant.

6. Immunization

Before the laying of the poultry, all epidemic prevention work is properly finished, a new castle disease II vaccine is generally injected at the stage, an egg-reduction syndrome vaccine is injected, the breeding pheasants are adjusted by combining immunization work, the disease and weak pheasants are selected to be eliminated, the poultry house is comprehensively overhauled, the field is leveled, and fine sand with the thickness of 5-10 cm is commonly laid on the ground of a net room for the pheasants to have a sand bath and prevent egg breaking.

(II) feeding management of egg producing period

The pheasants in 3 months in the 2 nd year enter the egg producing period, the production is stopped in 9 months, the annual egg production is about 80 generally, the fertility rate can reach 88 percent, and some domestic pheasant farms are properly managed, have good technical measures and have the annual average egg production of 114. In order to improve the production performance of the pheasants, the laying period should be as follows.

1. Feeding high-quality complete feed

In order to ensure the yield and quality of hatching eggs, high-quality pheasant complete feed should be fed in this period, the metabolism energy of daily ration is required to be 11.7 megajoules/kilogram, the content of crude protein is 20 percent, the content of lysine is 0.60 percent, the content of methionine and cystine is 0.80 percent, the content of calcium is 2.5 percent, the content of available phosphorus is 0.62 percent, and enough microelements and multivitamins are required. In this period, the laying hen can be fed with appropriate amount of high quality fish meal, feed yeast, amino acids, microelements and multivitamins, and also fed with appropriate amount of green feed such as carrot and green vegetable leaf. In order to ensure the fertility rate of hatching eggs, on the basis of comprehensive nutrition of daily ration, vitamin E10mg should be added into each kilogram of feed, and 2% -3% of fat should be added into the daily ration during the egg laying peak period. In addition, gravel, concha pieces, bone meal, etc. can be used to prepare simple "health sand" for the pheasant to eat freely. The health sand is used, the dosage of calcium in daily ration can be reduced by 1/3, the feed intake of the pheasant is large, and the feed intake reaches about 92 g every day during egg laying, and the supply is ensured.

2. Providing proper illumination time and intensity

The light is suitable for irradiating eyes of the pheasant, and is conducted to the lower part of the thalamus through nerves to stimulate the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland to secrete a large amount of gonadotropin, so that sexual maturation of the female pheasant and egg laying after maturation can be promoted, spermatogenesis of the male pheasant is facilitated, and the amount of semen is increased. Therefore, the insufficient illumination can reduce the egg yield of the breeding pheasants and the fertilization rate of hatching eggs; however, the excessive illumination not only increases fighting between the pheasants and is easy to cause pecking, but also causes dysphoria and influences libido, and also influences egg yield and fertility rate. Therefore, the pheasant is mostly illuminated with weak light for a long time. Generally, the illumination is gradually increased from the beginning of group pairing, the time is gradually increased from 10-14 hours to 17-18 hours per day, natural illumination is utilized in the daytime, and then the lamps are turned on at two ends early and late to prolong the illumination time. The brightness of the lamplight is required to be weak, the general illumination intensity is not more than 10.5 lux, the intensity is forbidden to be neglected, the time cannot be neglected, and in summer, branches are added on the top of the net fence and the window or hung on the net fence or shaded by a ventilated braided fabric in order to avoid direct sunlight.

3. Maintaining reasonable density

In order to ensure that the male pheasants have enough sport places to improve the sexual function and the semen quality of the male pheasants and ensure that the female pheasants have quiet egg laying places which can avoid the male pheasants, the density of the breeding pheasants should be sparse. The feeding density of the general net room is 1-2 pieces/m²Preferably, no more than 50 of each group; 7 animals were kept in a net cage. If the density is too large and the moving area is insufficient, the pheasants collide with each other and rub each other, and peck the hatching eggs in the hands, so that the hatching eggsThe breakage rate is increased; in the egg laying period, male pheasants often struggle for puppet stands, and in a narrow range, the male pheasants are easy to be injured due to lack of room for avoiding convolution; the feeding density is high, the pheasants are not easy to calm, and the mother pheasants cannot calm to lay eggs. In non-breeding seasons, each pheasant occupies about 0.8 square meter of activity area.

4. Adjusting male-female ratio

According to the formula (4-5): 1, on the premise of establishing a breeding group according to the male-female ratio, if a large amount of stepping and tread injury of back feathers of female pheasants or a plurality of male pheasants compete for one female pheasant in the breeding period, the number of the male pheasants is timely reduced.

5. Increase drinking water

The water demand of the female pheasants in the egg laying period is much larger than that of the female pheasants in the non-egg laying period, so that sufficient drinking water is ensured to be supplied, and water cut-off is avoided.

6. Terror for strict abstinence

The female pheasants need quiet and noiseless good environment for laying eggs, and can hinder the development of egg cells even generate deformed eggs or cause the eggs to fall into the abdominal cavity of the human body to cause peritonitis when being frightened, thereby influencing the egg yield.

7. Duty egg sorting

In order to prevent the pheasants from pecking eggs and reduce the damage of the eggs, the pheasants are required to pick eggs frequently, generally, when the eggs are concentrated at 9-16 hours every day, the pheasants are required to pick eggs every 1-2 hours in the period, if the damaged eggs are found, the pheasants are required to be taken out and cleaned in time so as to prevent the pheasants from pecking the eggs.

8. Attention to seasonal management

The laying period is generally spring and summer, and due to a certain relation between laying and climatic factors such as illumination, temperature and the like, management work in the laying period is carried out by combining climatic characteristics.

1) Spring: firstly, the temperature rises quickly in spring, the sunshine time is long, the activity of a pheasant group is increased, the metabolism is vigorous, the libido is vigorous, and the key period of chick breeding is provided, in order to grasp the key period, the egg yield and the quality of hatching eggs are improved, the nutrition level of daily ration is ensured, especially the supplement of protein, vitamins and mineral substances is considered, meanwhile, the breeding capability of the emasculation pheasants is also observed and considered, and male pheasants with weak male, weak legs and feet, too fat or too thin are eliminated in time so as to avoid influencing the fertilization rate of the hatching eggs; secondly, in spring, the climate is changeable, the rainwater is more, and the pheasant house is humid and is easy to generate and epidemic diseases occur, so measures such as moisture prevention and disinfection (such as ventilation, setting of perch frames, absorption of moisture by using firewood ash, disinfection by using lime milk and the like) are adopted;

2) summer: the egg yield is reduced when the temperature is too high, the feeding desire of the male pheasants is reduced, and the fertilization rate of hatching eggs is also reduced; therefore, management work such as heatstroke prevention, cooling and the like is important; on one hand, all windows and doors of the pheasant breeding house are opened in time, ventilation is carried out, cold water is sprayed to the roof and the wall for cooling, and branches and other objects are used for shading and cooling the top of the net fence; on the other hand, as the appetite of the pheasants is reduced and the feed intake is reduced, in order to ensure the normal nutritional requirements of the pheasants to keep the normal egg production and fertilization rate, the contents of protein, calcium and vitamin C in the daily ration are properly increased, and the energy content is properly reduced; in addition, in summer, blood-sucking insects are more, 0.2% dipterex solution is regularly sprayed or other similar killing work is carried out on the internal environment and the external environment of the pheasant house, the feeding time is also properly adjusted, the morning is required to be advanced, the night is required to be delayed, the feeding amount is increased, and the pheasant is full, because the early weather and the late weather are cool, the pheasant is vigorous in feeding, the middle-noon air temperature is higher, the feeding amount of the pheasant is generally reduced, some green materials can be fed, the feeding condition is required to be observed at any time, such as poor appetite, the sudden decrease of the whole-group feeding amount is possibly a sign of disease onset, the reason is required to be found out in time, corresponding measures are taken, and clean drinking water is;

9. by using out-of-season production techniques

The breeding of the pheasants has obvious seasonality, the breeding period from 9 months to 2 months of the year is a non-breeding period under natural conditions, the production is stopped for 5 months, and the loss of the egg yield and the economic benefit of the breeding is directly caused.

(III) feeding management of non-laying period

The pheasants stop producing continuously from 9 months, start entering a non-producing period, if the pheasants are updated in one year, the pheasants can be used as commercial meat for sale, the medium meat chicken feed is fed for a period of time, open feeding is adopted, after the body fat is fat and strong, the feather is bright, the pheasants are sold in the market, if the pheasants are not updated and eliminated, and an anti-season production technology is not applied, the pheasants can start to produce eggs in the next 3 months, the common female pheasants only use two years, and the non-producing period is provided with the following points for improving the economic benefit and the egg yield in the next year as much as possible:

1. regrouping

The male and female pheasants are separately fed, male pheasants with weak male and female pheasants with low egg yield are eliminated, and the feeding density can be increased to 3-5/m²The number of each group can reach 100-200.

2. Properly adjusting the nutritional level

The nutrition level of daily ration in the non-laying period should be reduced, the content of crude protein can be reduced to 15%, and the feeding of the female pheasant is properly limited to prevent over-fertilization; when the feather is replaced and the feed is overwintering, a proper amount of feather powder or gypsum powder is added into the feed, the temperature is low in winter, the body temperature loss is accelerated, and the energy feed ratio is properly increased and generally accounts for 50% -60% of the daily ration.

3. Cutting the beak again

When the pheasants are grouped again, the beaks of all the male and female pheasants are cut off so as to prevent pecking caused by reduction of the nutrition level of daily ration.

4. Wind-proof warm-keeping

The pheasant house is required to be overhauled before winter, the walls, doors, windows and roofs are ensured to be tight, leaks are blocked, harmful wind is prevented strictly, local low temperature is avoided, and the room temperature is preferably kept above 8 ℃; after the winter, the feeding density and the population quantity can be slightly increased, frozen food, vegetable leaves and the like cannot be fed, and warm water is fed as much as possible.

5. Epidemic prevention and hygiene

And (3) inoculating the newcastle disease II-line seedlings in grouping, removing excrement and dirt after increasing the feeding density, and strictly preventing the occurrence of ectozoa.

Attention points for feeding pheasants

1. Feeding environment

Pheasants are very sensitive to environmental changes, and sudden changes of feeding regulations, special sounds (such as engine sounds, noises and knocking sounds of automobiles and tractors), approach of people (particularly bright wearing) and the like belong to bad stimuli, so that the pheasants are likely to be frightened and fried. Therefore, the following points are required:

1) feeding and managing people to be ordered, timing and ordering working procedures;

2) people can abstain from visiting the garment to avoid the crowd and bright dressing of visitors, stimulate and disturb the pheasant group, reduce the transmission path of diseases, and the internal managers should wear common work clothes with darker colors;

3) management work is carried out according to the principle of little interference on pheasants, and work such as inoculation and epidemic prevention, grouping, beak breaking, evacuation density and the like should be carried out as much as possible together if the pheasants are not easy to catch;

4) the pheasants are not run and clustered, and other animals are prevented from entering the ring gate.

2. Daily management

Feeding on time and quantitatively every day, continuously drinking water, enabling each pheasant to occupy a trough with the length of 4-6 cm, enabling the length of a water tank to be 3-4 cm so as to avoid crowding during feeding and drinking water, enabling the positions of the water tank and the trough to be scattered and fixed, guaranteeing that all the pheasants have the opportunity of feeding and drinking water, scrubbing the trough, the water tank and the water fountain once a day, disinfecting twice a week, clearing accumulated manure once a week, and meanwhile leveling the ground of a net room. The feather state, activities, spirits, appetite, feces and the like of the pheasant are observed every day, and the changes in appearance are often reflected by internal diseases, and the etiology is analyzed and prevention and treatment measures are taken as soon as possible according to the manifestations.

3. Recording

The pheasant breeding and management needs to pay attention to the making of relevant records, and the items frequently recorded mainly comprise:

1) taking a group of pheasants as a unit, recording the feed consumption of the pheasants, if the feed consumption is reduced, finding out the reason in time, finding out the early stage of illness, and treating in time;

2) recording the morbidity and the treatment, and finding out the rule from the morbidity and the treatment so as to prevent the disease in the 2 nd year;

3) recording the 1 st mating date, the date of laying the 1 st egg, the number of eggs laid each day and the date of stopping laying, marking the eggs so as to check the fertility rate and eliminate the common pheasants without ejaculation ability as early as possible; as for the common pheasants, the common pheasants have no mating ability or only fight but do not mate, and once the common pheasants are found to be eliminated as soon as possible, the common pheasants can be eliminated from the common pheasants so as to eliminate the interference on judging the reason of the decline of the fertilization rate.

The above is an embodiment of the present invention. The embodiments and specific parameters in the embodiments are only for the purpose of clearly illustrating the process of verifying the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, and all the equivalent structural changes made by applying the content of the specification of the invention should be covered by the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The pheasant cultivation method is characterized by comprising young pheasant cultivation, middle pheasant cultivation and adult pheasant cultivation, and comprises the following specific steps: